WO2007119525A1 - 有機化合物及びそれを用いた半導体薄膜電極、光電変換素子、光電気化学太陽電池 - Google Patents
有機化合物及びそれを用いた半導体薄膜電極、光電変換素子、光電気化学太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007119525A1 WO2007119525A1 PCT/JP2007/056383 JP2007056383W WO2007119525A1 WO 2007119525 A1 WO2007119525 A1 WO 2007119525A1 JP 2007056383 W JP2007056383 W JP 2007056383W WO 2007119525 A1 WO2007119525 A1 WO 2007119525A1
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- thin film
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- semiconductor thin
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 65
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 21
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJWJFWRFHDYQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate;ruthenium(2+);tetrabutylazanium;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Ru+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1 JJWJFWRFHDYQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- IKQCDTXBZKMPBB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IKQCDTXBZKMPBB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZIUVCSYOGFUPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 CZIUVCSYOGFUPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WIEPCLKFQFHUPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound I.CCCN1CN(C)C=C1 WIEPCLKFQFHUPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SZTSOGYCXBVMMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-1-propylimidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[NH+]1C=C(C)N=C1C SZTSOGYCXBVMMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXAMGRAIZSSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NOC(=N1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 SXAMGRAIZSSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQJNXCHDODCAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=1C=CSC=1Br XQJNXCHDODCAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOSJXOMSFMKAIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromothiophene 1-oxide Chemical class BrC=1S(C=CC1)=O XOSJXOMSFMKAIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC#N MLIREBYILWEBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCC1=[NH+]C=CN1C UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyacetonitrile Chemical compound COCC#N QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQNVWRXGMSYLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-propyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+]=1C=CNC=1C KQNVWRXGMSYLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYVVLXVBEQAATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1,3,7,12-tetrahydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid Chemical compound OC1CC2CC(O)CC(O)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 UYVVLXVBEQAATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002531 CuTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MANVMTSCCSAYSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;2-methylpropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC#N.CC(C)(C)O MANVMTSCCSAYSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- OWAQXCQNWNJICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl.C1=CC=CC=C1 OWAQXCQNWNJICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUDATBOHQWOJDD-BSWAIDMHSA-N chenodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 RUDATBOHQWOJDD-BSWAIDMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001091 chenodeoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002812 cholic acid derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+].[S-]C#N PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003964 deoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBQUMMFUJLOTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloronickel;3-diphenylphosphaniumylpropyl(diphenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCC[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZBQUMMFUJLOTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002113 octoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004772 tellurides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0075—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain being part of an heterocyclic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/10—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups
- C09B23/105—The polymethine chain containing an even number of >CH- groups two >CH- groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/02—Coumarine dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/10—Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/655—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only sulfur as heteroatom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic dye, a semiconductor thin film electrode using the same as a photosensitizer, a photoelectric conversion element, and a photoelectrochemical solar cell using the same.
- This solar cell uses a sensitizer that also has a ruthenium complex power and is composed of nanoporous thin-film electrodes, oxide redox electrolytes, and counter electrodes of oxide semiconductors with large band gaps such as nano-particles of titanium oxide and acid-zinc. Composed. 7-10% solar energy conversion efficiency, relatively high! Photoelectric conversion efficiency and the possibility of low-cost manufacturing have attracted attention as one of the next-generation solar cells in recent years, and research and development are active. It is done.
- This dye-sensitized solar cell using gretzel uses a complex containing a ruthenium noble metal as a photosensitizer. Therefore, a large amount of ruthenium complex is required for large-scale power generation, which is a resource limitation. Has been pointed out as a problem.
- organic dyes examples include ferroxanthene dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, porphyrin dyes, and azo dyes (Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the coumarin dye (Non-patent Document 5) has almost the same absorption wavelength region as the ruthenium complex, and exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the problem is that the open-circuit voltage is low and the conversion efficiency is low compared to solar cells using ruthenium complexes. .
- a dye-sensitized solar cell using a coumarin dye has a lower open-circuit voltage than a solar cell using a ruthenium complex.
- the recombination shows that it is shorter than that of the ruthenium complex (Non-patent Document 6).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2664194
- Non-Patent Document 1 Nature, 353, 583 (1991),
- Non-Patent Document 2 J. Am. Chem. Soc, 115, 6382 (1993)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 64, 115 (2000),
- Non-Patent Document 4 New J. Chem., 25, 200 (2001)
- Non-Patent Document 5 J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 15476 (2005)
- Non-Patent Document 6 J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 23776 (2005)) 0
- the present invention uses an organic compound that increases open-circuit voltage and exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency, a semiconductor thin film electrode using the organic compound as a dye, a photoelectric conversion element using the semiconductor thin film electrode, and the photoelectric conversion element.
- An object is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the present inventors have found that the following specific organic compounds are effective as organic dyes for semiconductor thin film electrodes, and the electrodes are used.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that the above problems can be solved by constructing V, a photoelectric conversion element and a high-performance photoelectrochemical solar cell using the element.
- A is a force rubazole ring
- L is a thiophene ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring or an electron transfer linking group containing at least one heterocycle selected from the condensed heterocycles thereof
- R is alkyl
- X is a cyan group, carboxylic acid group, ester group, amido group, trifluoromethyl group, penta Fluoroethyl group, sulfonic acid group and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid group power
- M represents a hydrogen atom or a salt-forming cation
- n represents an integer of 1 to 12.
- ⁇ 2> A semiconductor thin film electrode using the organic compound according to ⁇ 1> as an organic dye.
- ⁇ 3> A photoelectric conversion element using the semiconductor thin film electrode according to ⁇ 2>.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved as compared with the case where a conventional organic dye is used. Specifically, the recombination process can be suppressed by the steric hindrance effect of R, and the open-circuit voltage, which is considered to be a limit in conventional organic dyes, can be greatly improved. The performance of the photoelectrochemical solar cell can be greatly improved.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a configuration diagram of a photoelectrochemical solar cell used in Examples.
- novel organic compound according to the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).
- ⁇ is a force rubazole ring, is a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring or an electron transfer linking group containing at least one heterocycle selected from the condensed heterocycles thereof, and R is an alkyl group , Alkoxy group, and aryl group, a substituent bonded to at least one selected electron transporting linking group,
- X is a cyano group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, an amido group, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoro group.
- Oroethyl group, sulfonic acid group, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid group force At least one electron-withdrawing group selected, M represents a hydrogen atom or a salt-forming cation, and n represents an integer of 1 to 12.
- the force rubazole ring of A may have a substituent such as an alkyl group on the carbocycle or nitrogen atom, or may be condensed with a carbocycle such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- substituents examples include linear groups such as a methyl group and a hexyl group, or branched alkyl groups such as an isobutyl group and a 2-ethyloctyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms; a methoxy group and a butoxy group 1-20 carbon atoms, preferably 1-12 alkoxy groups; phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, etc., 3-20 carbon atoms, preferably 5-12 aryl groups; methylamino groups, octylamino groups, etc.
- dialkylamino group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms Preferably a dialkylamino group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 alkyl groups such as a monoalkylamino group having 1 to 12 alkyl groups and a jetylamino group; and 5 ring constituent elements such as piperidyl groups. -8, and preferably 5-6 cyclic amino groups; halogen groups such as black mouth groups, bromo groups, and iodine groups; hydroxyl groups;
- L represents an electron-transporting linking group containing at least one heterocyclic ring selected from a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, or a heterocyclic ring condensed with these.
- linking group examples include those represented by the following general formula (2).
- n an integer of 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 8.
- R and R are hydrogen atoms or substituted
- Group at least one of which is a substituent.
- substituents are linear groups such as methyl and hexyl groups, or branched alkyl groups such as isobutyl and 2-ethyloctyl, and preferably have 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms; 1-20 carbon atoms such as methoxy group and butoxy group, preferably 1-12 alkoxy groups; 3-20 carbon atoms such as phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, preferably 5-12 aryl groups; methylamino groups, octylamino groups, etc.
- a dialkylamino group having an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a monoalkylamino group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a jetylamino group; Cyclic amino groups having 5 to 8, preferably 5 to 6 ring constituent elements; halogen groups such as a cyclo group, bromo group, and iodine group; a hydroxyl group; a cyan group; a nitro group; an amino group.
- linking group examples include those represented by the following general formula (3).
- n, R and R are the same as described above.
- linking group examples include those represented by the following general formula (4).
- n, R and R are the same as described above.
- Y is a hydrogen atom or optionally carbonized
- the hydrocarbon group includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the carbon number is 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group contains an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and an aryl alkyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the general force of L can be used for all of the above-described linking groups.
- a thiophene ring represented by the formula (2) is preferably used.
- the thiophene ring has a substituent as a substituent that is as electronically inactive as possible, that is, it does not obstruct the electron flow of the electron transfer linking group! /, Or an electron transfer linking group such as an electron donating group.
- An organic group having a steric hindrance effect that has an effect of pushing out electrons to the group is preferably used.
- the electrons injected into the titanium oxide are returned to the organic redox molecule or the redox in the electrolyte due to the steric hindrance effect.
- the recombination process as a phenomenon can be suppressed, and the open circuit voltage, which is considered to be the limit of conventional organic dyes, can be greatly improved.
- the photoelectric conversion element power of the photoelectrochemical solar cell can be improved. This is because the performance can be greatly improved.
- X is at least one electron-withdrawing group selected from a cyano group, a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, an amide group, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid group. Represents a group.
- M represents a hydrogen atom or a salt-forming cation.
- the salt-forming cations in this case include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and alkali metals such as calcium and magnesium. Potassium earth metals, other metal forces In addition to induced cations, ammonium cations and organic ammonium cations derived from amines are included.
- the method for synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be easily synthesized by the following method.
- the detailed synthesis method differs slightly depending on each dye molecule, but basically it is synthesized by a three-step route.
- boric acid groups of electron-transporting linking groups such as a thiol ring or furan ring corresponding to L and a force rubazole ring corresponding to A to which iodine atom or bromine atom is bonded are synthesized.
- a steal derivative is combined with a Suzuki coupling reaction.
- the Vilsmeier reagent is allowed to act on the intermediate bonded with A to bind to the force rubazole ring of the electron transfer linking group L such as thiophene ring or furan ring, and aldehyde on the opposite side. Is introduced.
- the corresponding organic dye compound is obtained by reacting the aldehyde derivative with cyanoacetic acid in the presence of a base such as piperidine.
- the organic compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with a conventional organic dye. Specifically, due to the steric hindrance effect caused by the substituent R bonded to the electron transfer linking group L, the electrons injected into the titanium oxide return to the organic dye molecule or iodine redox in the electrolyte. The phenomenon of recombination can be suppressed, and the open-circuit voltage, which is considered to be the limit of conventional organic dyes, can be greatly improved. As a result, the performance of the photoelectrochemical solar cell comprising the photoelectric conversion element is greatly improved. Can be increased.
- the organic compound represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention can be effectively used as an organic dye for forming a semiconductor thin film electrode.
- a conventionally known substrate can be applied as it is as the substrate of the semiconductor thin film electrode.
- a glass or plastic substrate coated with a conductive transparent oxide semiconductor thin film such as fluorine or antimony-doped tin oxide (NESA), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), or aluminum-doped oxide or zinc.
- a fluorine-doped tin oxide thin film coated glass is preferred.
- the semiconductor thin film electrode according to the present invention preferably has a compound semiconductor nanoparticle force and a nanoporous structure.
- Compound semiconductor materials include, for example, TiO, ZnO, InO, SnO, ZrO, TaO, NbO, Fe
- Metal oxides and composite oxides such as O, GaO, WO, SrTiO, Agl, AgBr, Cul, Cu
- Metal halides such as Br, ZnS, TiS, ZnO, In S, SnS ⁇ SnS, ZrS, Ag S, P
- Examples include metal selenides such as WTe and MoTe, and metal tellurides. Power is not limited to these.
- oxide semiconductor materials such as TiO, ZnO, SnO
- titanium oxide particles such as P25 (Degussa or Nippon Aerosil), ST-01 (Ishihara Sangyo), SP-210 (Showa Denko) may be used.
- crystalline acid titanium particles obtained by hydrolysis, autoclaving, etc. from titanium alkoxide by sol 'gel method are used. It may be used. Titanium oxide particles obtained by a sol'gel method using titanium'alkoxide force are preferred.
- the semiconductor nanoparticles constituting the semiconductor thin film have a particle diameter of 5 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 300 rnn.
- methods for manufacturing a semiconductor thin film electrode using an oxide semiconductor include the following methods, but are not limited thereto.
- Oxide semiconductor nanoparticles are mixed well with water, a polymer such as polyethylene glycol, a surfactant, etc., and are applied to a substrate by a method called a doctor blade method.
- a polymer that is a noder and a high-viscosity organic solvent may be mixed and applied to the substrate by a screen printing method.
- An oxide semiconductor thin film electrode can be obtained by baking a substrate coated with an oxide semiconductor at 450 to 500 ° C. in air or oxygen.
- the film thickness of the semiconductor thin film electrode is usually 0.5 to 100 / zm, preferably 5 to 20 / zm.
- the organic dye sensitizer is adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor electrode by immersing the semiconductor thin film electrode in a dye solution and leaving it at room temperature for 1 hour or more, or leaving it for 10 minutes to 1 hour under heating conditions. To do. Preferably, the method is left at room temperature for 6 hours or more.
- the solvent for the dye adsorption is methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol.
- Alcohol solvents such as isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol, organic solvents such as chloroform, formaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, chloroform benzene, and dichlorobenzene And a mixed solvent thereof.
- a mixed solvent of ethanol, chloroform, and t-butanol-acetonitrile is preferable.
- the dye concentration of the dye solution is usually 0.05 to 0.5 mM, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 mM.
- cholic acid in order to prevent the association of the dyes on the semiconductor electrode and to efficiently carry out an electron transfer reaction to the dye power semiconductor, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurokenode
- a cholic acid derivative such as oxycholic acid, a sodium salt thereof, a surfactant such as Triton X, and glucose may be dissolved in the dye solution and co-adsorbed with the dye.
- concentration of the coadsorbent in the dye solution is usually 1 to 100 mM, preferably 5 to 20 mM.
- the electrolyte used in the photoelectric conversion element and the photoelectrochemical solar cell of the present invention includes a redox ion pair.
- Redox ion pairs are ⁇ / ⁇ -, BrVBr, Fe + / Fe Sn V
- an imidazolium derivative containing these ions such as methyl propyl imidazolium iodide, methyl petit imidazolium iodide, yowi ⁇ , ethylmethyl imidazolium, dimethylpropyl imidazolium iodide
- bromine redox lithium bromide, potassium bromide, tetraalkylammonium bromide containing these ions
- a mixture of sulfur and bromine is used.
- the concentration of the redox electrolyte is usually 0.05 to 1 M, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 M.
- Solvents used for the redox electrolyte include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, -tolyl solvents such as acetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, propio-tolyl, methoxypropio-tolyl, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
- Alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol
- -tolyl solvents such as acetonitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, propio-tolyl, methoxypropio-tolyl, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
- Carbonate-based solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane, n-methylpyrrolidone, or a mixed solvent thereof.
- it is a -tolyl solvent such as acetonitrile.
- the redox electrolyte used in the photoelectric conversion element and the photoelectrochemical solar cell of the present invention has a t-extension as shown in J. Am. Chem. So, 115, 6382 (1993), etc. in order to improve photoelectric conversion characteristics.
- -Bu You can also add basic additives.
- the concentration of the additive in the electrolytic solution is usually 0.05 to 1 M, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 M.
- the electrolyte may be made pseudo-solid by using various gelling agents used in Chem. Commun., 374 (2002) and the like.
- Cul, CuBr, CuSCN used in J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 117, 137 (1998), etc.
- Inorganic p-type semiconductor hole transport materials such as spiropyran derivatives (Natrure, 395, 583 (1998)), polypyrrole derivatives (Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 55, 113 (1998)), polythiophene, etc.
- Molecular or organic polymer hole transport materials may be used.
- the counter electrode used in the photoelectric conversion element and the photoelectrochemical solar cell of the present invention is a noble metal such as Pt, Rh, Ru coated on a thin film on a transparent conductive oxide-coated glass substrate, or Carbon, oxide semiconductors, organic polymer materials, etc. are used, but not limited to these. Pt or carbon electrode is preferable.
- the spacer used in the photoelectric conversion element and the photoelectrochemical solar cell of the present invention is a polymer film such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene butyl acetate, heat or thermoplastic resin, and the film thickness is Usually, it is 15 to 120 / ⁇ ⁇ , and preferably 15 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 (Compound No. (5) synthesis) Add 10 mL of an ether solution of 903 mg of 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene to 93 mg of magnesium, and after complete addition, heat the reaction solution to reflux to adjust the Grignard reagent. Allow the reaction solution to cool to room temperature and add 19 mg of [1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane] nickel chloride. To the reaction solution, add 3-mL-9-ethylcarbazole represented by (32) 1.20 g of ether solution of 12 g and stir at room temperature for 1 hour. After that, add salt-ammonium solution and extract with ether.
- the crude product was roughly purified by column chromatography (solvent: hexane), and further purified by liquid chromatography to obtain 773 mg of a powerful rubazole derivative into which a bromine atom represented by (34) was introduced. The yield was 70%.
- N, N-dimethylformamide (hereinafter abbreviated as DMF) Cooling (0 degree) to 1 mL, add 0.1 mL of phosphorus oxychloride dropwise and stir at room temperature for 1 hour to prepare the Vilsmeier reagent.
- the above Vilsmeier reagent is added dropwise to 5 mL of a 224 mg DMF solution containing three hexyl-substituted thiophene rings represented by (37) at room temperature and stirred at 70 degrees for 4 hours. Then neutralize 30 mL of 10% aqueous sodium acetate solution and extract with ethyl acetate.
- the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product.
- CiT ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ : ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ m rn ⁇ ) ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇
- reaction solution is returned to room temperature, and the reaction is terminated by adding a salt / ammonium solution, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.
- the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product.
- the crude product was purified by column chromatography (solvent: hexane) to obtain 471 mg of a strong rubazole derivative which is the desired product represented by (60). The yield was 40%.
- the formyl derivation of the force rubazole derivative represented by (62) was carried out by the Vilsmeier reaction in the same manner as the conditions described in [0049] above.
- Crystalline acid-titanium nanoparticles were obtained by autoclaving acid-titanium colloids prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide.
- An organic paste was prepared by mixing ethyl cellulose as a binder and terbeneol as a solvent.
- a commercially available titanium oxide paste (for example, manufactured by Solaronix) may be used. The above titanium oxide paste is applied onto tin oxide-coated conductive glass by screen printing and baked at 500 ° C for 1 to 2 hours in air, resulting in a titanium oxide thickness of 3 to 20 microns. A thin film electrode was obtained.
- This electrode is immersed in a 0.3 mM organic dye solution (solvents are toluene, t- butanol, and acetonitrile 1: 1 mixed solvent) and left at room temperature for 10 hours or more to obtain an organic dye-adsorbed acid titanium. A thin film electrode was obtained.
- solvents are toluene, t- butanol, and acetonitrile 1: 1 mixed solvent
- the titanium oxide thin film electrode (film thickness: 6 microns) prepared in (1) above was adsorbed with the dyes listed in Table 1, and the platinum oxide sputtered tin oxide coated conductive glass was used as the counter electrode, and the polyethylene film spacer was sandwiched between them.
- a cell was produced.
- the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the cell were measured using a xenon lamp and a solar simulator, which is an AM filter, as the light source, and the photocurrent-voltage characteristics were measured using a source meter.
- TBA represents a tetrabutyl ammonium cation.
- Table 1 shows the strength rubazole organic dyes synthesized according to the present invention and, as a comparative example, force rubazole organic dyes without alkyl groups at the thiophene linkage (65) and conventional coumarin organic dyes (68-71).
- Jsc is the optical short-circuit current density
- Voc is the optical open circuit voltage
- Fill factor is the shape factor
- ⁇ is the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the organic dye according to the present invention can obtain a Voc comparable to the Voc of the N719 dye (72) which is the ruthenium complex of the reference example.
- the electron lifetime in the titanium oxide electrode is calculated using the intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (excitation laser light and potentiostat). J, J. Phys. And hem. B, 109, 3480 (2005), J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 23776 (2005), the electron lifetime in titanium oxide is Since the dye power changes depending on the ionization injection amount, the electron lifetime values were compared under the condition that the Jsc value was 10 mA / cm 2 .
- Table 2 shows the electron lifetime in the titanium oxide electrode in a solar cell using the organic dye synthesized according to the present invention. As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the electron lifetime is significantly longer than the conventional coumarin dyes NKX-2587 (73), NKX -2677 (69), NKX-2697 (70). The This long electron lifetime indicates that the electrons in titanium oxide are less likely to recombine with iodine redox ions, confirming the improvement in Voc. From this result, it is clear that the dye synthesized by the present invention is effective in improving Voc and increasing the conversion efficiency.
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Also Published As
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US20100174095A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
JP4925224B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
US7973172B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
CN101405347A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
JPWO2007119525A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
CN101405347B (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
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