WO2007108211A1 - ガス分析装置 - Google Patents
ガス分析装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007108211A1 WO2007108211A1 PCT/JP2007/000238 JP2007000238W WO2007108211A1 WO 2007108211 A1 WO2007108211 A1 WO 2007108211A1 JP 2007000238 W JP2007000238 W JP 2007000238W WO 2007108211 A1 WO2007108211 A1 WO 2007108211A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas analyzer
- electron
- electrons
- ionization
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry
- G01N27/623—Ion mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/64—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/08—Electron sources, e.g. for generating photo-electrons, secondary electrons or Auger electrons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/14—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers
- H01J49/147—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers with electrons, e.g. electron impact ionisation, electron attachment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
- H01J49/161—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission using photoionisation, e.g. by laser
- H01J49/162—Direct photo-ionisation, e.g. single photon or multi-photon ionisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas analyzer for ionizing and analyzing a gas.
- Various gas analyzers are conventionally known.
- a differential pressure manometer that detects gas pressure
- a gas density meter that detects gas density
- an infrared spectrometer that detects vibrations of gas molecules
- a mass that detects the mass number of a gas Analyzers and various other devices.
- gas analyzers devices that perform a predetermined analysis after ionizing a gas are known.
- This type of gas analyzer may analyze the gas present in the space, or it may analyze the gas generated from the sample.
- a gas analyzer for analyzing gas generated from a sample may have a sample chamber for storing the sample and a gas transfer device for transferring the gas generated from the sample before the ionization unit for ionizing the gas.
- a mass spectrometer is known as one of gas analyzers. This mass spectrometer generally includes an ionization unit that ionizes gas, an ion separation unit that separates generated ions for each mass-to-charge ratio, and an ion detection unit that detects ion intensity.
- an electron ionization method (EI method, an electron ionization method) and a photoionization method (PI method, photoionization method) are known.
- the EI method is an ionization method that generates ions by irradiating an accelerated electron beam to gaseous sample molecules. This EI method is sometimes called an electron impact ionization method.
- the PI method is an ionization method in which when a sample molecule is irradiated with light, the molecule is ionized by absorbing the electromagnetic energy.
- Patent Document 1 As a gas analyzer using an ionization unit, disclosed in Patent Document 1 The device is known. In this device, the sample is subjected to mass spectrometry by selectively performing the EI and PI methods.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 5 — 0 9 3 1 5 2 (page 4, FIG. 1)
- laser light is used as a light source for realizing the PI method.
- laser light is artificial light having directivity, monochromaticity, and high coherence.
- the PI method is carried out using this laser beam, the local region in the ionization part can be ionized, but it has been difficult to sufficiently ionize all gases having the characteristics of fluidity and expansibility in a short time. .
- the conventional PI method using laser light it was difficult to perform analysis by simultaneously ionizing multiple molecular components widely distributed in the gas.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by simultaneously and sufficiently ionizing all of a plurality of molecular components contained in a gas by a PI method, a plurality of molecular components are obtained.
- the purpose is to enable simultaneous analysis based on the PI method.
- the gas analyzer includes a light emitting means for emitting light having a light directivity lower than that of the laser light toward the ionization region, and ionized by the light emitting means. And ion separation means for separating the ions of the gas according to the mass-to-charge ratio, and ion detection means for detecting the ions separated by the ion separation means.
- the ionization region is a region where the gas can be irradiated with sufficient intensity that the light from the light emitting means can ionize the gas.
- the ionization region is set so as to enter the irradiation field of light from the light emitting means, and gas photoionization (PI) is performed by light irradiation in the ionization region.
- PI gas photoionization
- the light emitting means used in the present invention is a light emitting means that emits light having a lower directivity than laser light, that is, light that spreads and travels over a wider angle range than laser light.
- this light emitting means for example, a lamp, a discharge tube, or any other light emitting device of any structure can be used. If the light emission means is too close to the ionization area, the ionizable area is narrow.
- the light emission means is too far from the ionization area, the light intensity in the ionization area becomes too low. On the other hand, it is desirable to arrange at a position where a sufficient ionizable region can be secured and sufficient light intensity can be secured.
- an apparatus based on an arbitrary method can be used as the "ion separation means". For example, (1) a quadrupole separation method that separates ions while changing the frequency of the high-frequency voltage applied to the quadrupole, (2) an electromagnetic field method that separates ions by passing an electric field and a magnetic field, and (3 ) A time-of-flight method that separates ions according to the time required to fly to the detector by applying a predetermined force to the ions, and (4) various ion separation methods such as an ion trap method can be applied. .
- an ion trap electrode is further added to the quadrupole used in the quadrupole separation method, so that the separated ions are trapped, that is, held for a predetermined time, and then detected for each mass number. It is a method to send to.
- Each of the above methods separates ions according to the mass-to-charge ratio of the molecule.
- the gas analyzer of the present invention when gas enters the ionization region, light from the light emitting means is irradiated to the gas to perform photoionization (PI), and The formed ions are separated for each mass to charge ratio by the ion separation means, and each separated ion is detected by the ion detection means.
- PI photoionization
- the present invention since light having a low directivity is irradiated into the ionization region, all of the gas dispersed in the ionization region can be sufficiently ionized in a short time. Therefore, all of the plurality of molecular components contained in the gas can be sufficiently ionized in a short time. For example, if a gas containing multiple molecular components is generated at a certain location, if the gas is transported into the ionization region in a short time, the transported gas is sufficiently ionized in a short time. By doing so, it is possible to perform ionization, ion separation, and ion intensity measurement simultaneously with the generation of gas, and so-called real-time measurement.
- the electron generating means for generating electrons for ionizing the gas is not necessarily an essential constituent element.
- the electron generating means is used.
- the electron generating means includes: an electron generating means for generating electrons directed to the ionization region by energization; and a secondary electron directed to the ionization region for light irradiation from the light emitting means. Therefore, it is desirable that the secondary electron generating means be generated.
- an electron generating means for generating electrons by energization for example, there is a filament.
- Examples of the secondary electron generating means for generating secondary electrons by light irradiation from the light emitting means include a filament, an electrode, a casing containing the filament and the electrode, and other structures.
- the volume of the electrode is much smaller than that of the casing of the electrode. Therefore, the ability of the filament to generate secondary electrons is It seems to be considerably smaller than Thing.
- the electron generating means is a constituent requirement for realizing ionization based on the EI method. That is, according to the aspect of the present invention, ionization based on the PI method and ionization based on the EI method can be selectively performed. According to the EI method, fragments (that is, cleavage components or fragments) are generated when electrons collide with molecular components. Therefore, the molecular structure of the gas component species can be identified based on the fragment information. On the other hand, according to the PI method, since no fragmentation occurs, the mass number of the parent ion can be clearly observed. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the advantages of the EI method and the PI method can be selected as desired.
- analysis can be performed by comparing EI method measurement data and PI method measurement data obtained simultaneously from one evolved gas, making it possible to analyze one evolved gas with high accuracy. It is.
- gas analyzer is a gas analyzer configured to carry and analyze gas generated from a sample in a sample chamber to an ionization region.
- the gas generated in the sample is carried to the ionization region in the analysis chamber by the gas transfer means. Then, in the ionization region, light from the light emitting means is irradiated to the gas to perform photoionization (P I). The generated ions are separated for each mass to charge ratio by the ion separating means, detected by the ion detecting means, and the ion intensity is obtained for each mass to charge ratio.
- the gas carried to the ionization region by the gas transport means is widely dispersed in the ionization region, but according to the present invention, the light emitted from the light emitting means is widely spread.
- the gas since the gas is supplied to the ionization region, a wide range of gases dispersed in the ionization region can be targeted for ionization. For this reason, even when the amount of gas generation is small or even when gas generation is instantaneous, the gas can be reliably ionized.
- the gas analyzer of the present invention may use electron generating means or may not use electron generating means.
- electron generating means When the electron generating means is not used, ionization by electron collision, that is, electron ionization is not performed. Therefore, photoionization (
- the generated gas containing the composite component gas cannot be separated and identified for each component gas in real time (ie, simultaneously with the gas generation). Therefore, once the generated gas was cooled and trapped, the gas species were separated through the column of the gas chromatograph, and then qualitative analysis had to be performed with a mass spectrometer. However, in this case, it is impossible to cause a plurality of component gases contained in the generated gas to appear individually in real time, and therefore it is impossible to analyze each component gas in real time.
- the gas may be denatured when the gas is reheated in the column, and in this case, an accurate measurement result may not be obtained.
- the gas containing a plurality of product gases generated from the sample can be simultaneously transferred to the ionization region by the gas transfer means.
- Multiple gases can be ionized simultaneously by irradiating a wide range of light with a wide range of light, and the ions of the multiple gases can be separated for each mass-to-charge ratio by ion separation means. Ion intensity related to gas can be detected.
- the gas analyzer including the sample chamber and the gas transfer means, photoionization (that is, soft ionization)
- photoionization that is, soft ionization
- multiple simultaneously generated gases can be identified based on molecular ion information, especially in real time, and further identified.
- the generated species can be analyzed with high accuracy without causing gas alteration.
- the gas analyzer according to the present invention including the sample chamber and the gas transfer means preferably has a heating means for heating the sample.
- This heating means can be configured using a heating device having an arbitrary structure.
- a heating device using a heating wire or a heating element that generates heat when energized can be used.
- the generated gas analysis can be performed when the temperature of the sample is changed by heating or cooling as necessary. That is, according to the aspect of the present invention, a thermal analysis device can be configured.
- the gas analyzer according to the present invention preferably includes an electrode capable of taking a potential state in which electrons are accelerated in a direction away from the ionization region, or a zero potential state.
- an electrode capable of taking a potential state in which electrons are accelerated in a direction away from the ionization region, or a zero potential state.
- the electrode is in the zero potential state, no force is generated to accelerate the electrons existing around the ionization region.
- the electrode is in a potential state that accelerates electrons away from the ionization region, the electrons existing around the ionization region are accelerated away from the ionization region.
- the gas analyzer if ionization (PI) is performed by light from the light emitting means, the parent ions of the single component gas can be measured.
- this gas analyzer has secondary electron generation means, when light is emitted from the light emission means, secondary electrons are generated from the secondary electron generation means, and this secondary electron generation means. Electrons affect photoionization and measure only pure parent ions There is a risk that it will not be possible.
- the secondary electron generating means can be prevented from proceeding to the ionization region, and photoionization is not affected by the secondary electrons, so that only pure photoionization (PI) can be performed.
- the gas analyzer according to the present invention preferably includes an electrode capable of taking a potential state in which electrons are accelerated toward the ionization region.
- the electrode When the electrode is in a potential state that accelerates the electrons toward the ionization region, the electrons present around the ionization region are accelerated toward the ionization region.
- This aspect of the invention is particularly effective for a gas analyzer equipped with secondary electron generating means. Specifically, when secondary electrons are generated from the secondary electron generation means, the secondary electrons can be accelerated toward the ionization region by the action of the electrodes, so that the electron ionization (EI) is executed reliably. it can.
- EI electron ionization
- the electron generation means and the electrode have a material capable of transmitting light or a structure capable of transmitting light. It is desirable. In this way, light from the light emission means in the PI method can be supplied to the ionization region in the EI method, so that the electron generation means and electrode for realizing the EI method can be supplied without moving the PI. The law can be realized. For this reason, the structure of the ionization part can be simplified.
- the electron generating means is a filament formed by processing a wire
- the pair of electrodes includes a mesh electrode, a spiral electrode, and an opening through which light can be transmitted through a part of the plate electrode. It is desirable to have a combination of two electrodes selected from among the selected electrodes. According to this configuration, it is possible to reliably supply light from the light emitting means of the PI method from the outside to the inside of the EI method apparatus constituted by the electron generating means and the pair of electrodes.
- the light emitting means includes ultraviolet light or A light emitting means for emitting vacuum ultraviolet light is desirable.
- Light emitting means such as lamps and discharge tubes can set the wavelength of the emitted light in various ways.
- the present inventor examined by experiments which wavelength of light is appropriate for performing ionization based on the PI method. As a result, it was found that the wavelength of light is desirably ultraviolet light, vacuum ultraviolet light, and soft X-ray regions in order from the longer wavelength. Furthermore, it was found that ultraviolet light or vacuum ultraviolet light is most suitable. In the present invention, if the wavelength of light is in the ultraviolet region or the vacuum ultraviolet region, all of the gases that tend to diffuse can be sufficiently ionized in a short time.
- the gas sealed in the discharge tube is deuterium gas, krypton gas, or argon gas. It is desirable that In general, the energy of light emitted from the discharge tube is defined by the gas sealed in the discharge tube.
- the present inventor has examined through experiments the energy of light that is appropriate for ionization based on the PI method. As a result, we found that deuterium gas is desirable. It was also found that krypton gas and argon gas can also be used. The energy when deuterium gas is used is 10.2 eV.
- the sample chamber is often set to a high pressure and the analysis chamber is set to a low pressure.
- the sample chamber may be at atmospheric pressure and the analysis chamber may be set to a vacuum.
- the gas transporting means used in the present invention is configured such that the pressure in the intermediate chamber formed by the inner tube that transports the gas, the outer tube that covers the inner tube, and the inner tube and the outer tube is the pressure in the sample chamber.
- the sample chamber and the analysis chamber are simply connected by a tube having a large diameter, it is difficult to individually maintain the pressure difference between the two with high accuracy.
- the sample chamber and the analysis chamber are connected by a capillary (that is, a capillary tube)
- the pressure difference between the sample chamber and the analysis chamber may be maintained sufficiently well, It becomes difficult to send the generated gas into the analysis chamber by controlling an arbitrary amount in a short time.
- the present invention by providing an outer tube whose inside is set to an intermediate pressure, the sample chamber pressure and the analysis chamber pressure are accurately maintained at different values, and the sample A sufficient amount of gas generated from the sample in the room can be transported into the analysis room.
- the ionization of the gas by the ionization means is not performed in the atmosphere with many gasification molecules. It can be performed in a vacuum state, and in this case, the ion-molecule reaction of the gas hardly occurs, and therefore precise gas analysis can be performed.
- the sample-side end portions of the inner tube and the outer tube have an orifice, and the ionization of the inner tube and the outer tube
- the end on the means side should have a normal opening that is not an orifice.
- the orifice is a pore provided in the pipe, and is a sufficiently narrow hole that can change the velocity of the fluid flowing in the pipe.
- the cross-sectional area of the gas flow is directed from the sample chamber side to the analysis chamber side. It is desirable to provide a member for narrowing down in the vicinity of the opening on the analysis chamber side. In this way, the generated gas can be efficiently collected in the ionization region in the analysis chamber, and therefore the gas can be detected even when the amount of generated gas is small. That is, the gas detection sensitivity can be increased.
- the pressure adjusting means includes an exhaust pump that exhausts the intermediate chamber, and a flow rate regulator provided in front of the exhaust pump.
- Exhaust pumps can not get that high vacuum
- a rotary pump can be used.
- the intermediate pressure region is formed between the inner tube for transporting the gas and the sample chamber by exhausting the intermediate chamber with the exhaust pump.
- the pressure in the intermediate chamber can be changed as desired, thereby controlling the amount of gas introduced into the analysis chamber. it can. For example, if the amount of atmospheric gas inflow from the flow regulator is increased, the pressure in the intermediate chamber can be increased, thereby increasing the amount of gas introduced into the analysis chamber.
- gas ionization is performed based on the PI method.
- an ionization device that realizes the EI method may be provided in addition to the ionization device that realizes the PI method. it can.
- ionization based on the P I method and ionization based on the E I can be selectively realized.
- the amount of ionization tends to be lower than when ionization is performed by the EI method.
- the amount of gas that is relatively ionized can be increased by adjusting the flow rate regulator to increase the amount of gas introduced into the analysis chamber.
- the gas analyzer preferably includes the light emitting means, an electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and an electrode for accelerating the electrons, and further the light It is desirable to have a control means for controlling each operation of the emission means, the electron generation means, and the electrode, and the control means further includes the electrode according to the control state of the light emission means and the electron generation means. It is desirable to control the potential state.
- the potential state of the electrode is controlled in accordance with the control state of the light emitting means and the electron generating means, electrons existing in the vicinity of the ionization region (for example, thermionic electrons from the filament or generated by ultraviolet irradiation 2 The movement of the next electron etc.) can be controlled by the electrode according to the purpose of measurement.
- electrons existing in the vicinity of the ionization region for example, thermionic electrons from the filament or generated by ultraviolet irradiation 2
- the movement of the next electron etc. can be controlled by the electrode according to the purpose of measurement.
- the potential state of the electrode electrons can be accelerated toward the ionization region, electrons can be accelerated in a direction away from the ionization region, or the electrons can be held in an unaccelerated state. Accelerating the electrons toward the ionization region is advantageous, for example, for colliding electrons with gas molecules in the ionization region in EI.
- accelerating electrons away from the ionization region or keeping the electrons in a non-accelerated state causes unnecessary EI due to secondary electrons in the ionization region when PI is performed. It is convenient for preventing or suppressing the above.
- the gas analyzer includes the light emitting means, an electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and a control means for controlling operations of the electrodes for accelerating the electrons.
- a photoionization mode PP mode
- EI mode electron ionization mode
- the light emitting means is in a light emitting state
- the electron generating means is in a potential state where electrons are not generated.
- the electrode is set to a zero potential state or a potential state that accelerates electrons away from the ionization region
- the light emitting means does not emit light
- the electron generating means is in a potential state for generating electrons
- the pair of electrodes are preferably set to a potential state that accelerates electrons toward the ionization region.
- ionization based only on the PI method and ionization based only on the EI method can be selectively performed.
- control means alternately performs the photoionization (PI) mode and the electron ionization (EI) mode in a time division manner.
- PI photoionization
- EI electron ionization
- a mode of time division a mode in which one mode is implemented first and the other mode is implemented in the remaining time can be considered.
- one of the models A mode is also conceivable in which the first mode and the other mode are alternately repeated for a short time. If the photoionization mode and the electron ionization mode are alternately performed in a time division manner as in the embodiment of the present invention, both the measurement using only the PI method and the measurement using only the EI method can be performed in a short time. It can be carried out.
- the gas analyzer has the control means for controlling the operation of the light emitting means, the electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and the electrode for accelerating the electrons.
- the control means for controlling the operation of the light emitting means, the electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and the electrode for accelerating the electrons.
- PI + EI mode photo-electron ionization mode
- the light emitting means is in a light emitting state
- the electron generating means is in a potential state where electrons are not generated.
- the pair of electrodes is set to a zero potential state or a potential state in which electrons are accelerated in a direction away from the ionization region,
- the light emitting means does not emit light
- the electron generating means is in a potential state for generating electrons
- the pair of electrodes is set to a potential state that accelerates electrons toward the ionization region
- the light emitting means is in a light emitting state
- the electron generating means is in a potential state where electrons are not generated.
- the pair of electrodes are preferably set to a potential state that accelerates electrons toward the ionization region.
- ionization can be performed only by the PI method in the photoionization mode, ionization can be performed only by the EI method in the electron ionization mode, and the PI method and the EI method can be performed in the photo-electron ionization state. Both can be ionized.
- the control means alternately performs the photoionization (PI) mode, the electron ionization (EI) mode, and the photo-electron ionization (PI + EI) mode in a time division manner. It is desirable to do. As a mode of time division, first, one mode is performed on one sample, then another mode is performed on another sample, and then another sample is further performed.
- a mode in which one of the remaining modes is implemented is conceivable.
- Another possible mode is one in which three control modes are alternately and continuously repeated at predetermined time intervals while one sample is heated in accordance with a predetermined temperature raising program.
- PI photoionization
- EI electron ionization
- PI + EI photo-electron ionization
- the gas analyzer has the control means for controlling the operation of the light emitting means, the electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and the electrode for accelerating the electrons. It is desirable that the means selectively implements a photoionization mode and a photo-electron ionization mode.
- the light emitting means is in a light emitting state
- the electron generating means is in a potential state where electrons are not generated.
- the pair of electrodes is set to a zero potential state or a potential state in which electrons are accelerated in a direction away from the ionization region,
- the light emitting means is in a light emitting state
- the electron generating means is in a potential state where electrons are not generated.
- the pair of electrodes are preferably set to a potential state that accelerates electrons toward the ionization region.
- ionization can be performed only by the PI method in the photoionization mode, and both the PI method and the EI method can be performed in the photoelectron ionization mode. Can be ionized.
- control means alternately performs the photoionization (P I) mode and the photoelectron ionization (P I + E I) mode in a time division manner.
- P I photoionization
- P I + E I photoelectron ionization
- the photoionization (PI) mode and the photo-electron ionization (PI + EI) mode are alternately performed in a time division manner, the measurement using only the PI method, the PI method, and Both EI measurement and simultaneous measurement can be performed in a short time.
- the gas analyzer further has a calculation means for calculating the ion intensity based on the output signal of the ion detection means.
- the arithmetic means preferably performs an arithmetic operation for obtaining a difference between an output signal of the ion detection means in the photoionization mode and an output signal of the ion detection means in the photoelectron ionization mode.
- the ion intensity data based only on the PI method and the ion intensity data based on the simultaneous ionization of the ⁇ 1 method and the ⁇ 1 method are measured, and the difference between them is calculated.
- Ion intensity data based only on the EI method can be obtained by calculation without actual measurement.
- the gas analyzer has the control means for controlling the operation of the light emitting means, the electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and the electrode for accelerating the electrons.
- the control means for controlling the operation of the light emitting means, the electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and the electrode for accelerating the electrons.
- the light emitting means does not emit light
- the electron generating means is in a potential state for generating electrons; and
- the pair of electrodes is set to a potential state that accelerates electrons toward the ionization region,
- the light emitting means is in a light emitting state
- the electron generating means is in a potential state where electrons are not generated.
- the pair of electrodes are preferably set to a potential state that accelerates electrons toward the ionization region.
- ionization can be performed only by the EI method in the electron ionization mode, and ionization by both the PI method and the EI method can be performed in the photoelectron ionization mode.
- control means includes the electron ionization (E
- the I) mode and the photoelectron ionization (P I + E I) mode are alternately performed in a time division manner.
- a mode of time division in the same manner as described above, a mode in which one mode is first implemented and the other mode is performed in the remaining time can be considered.
- Another possible mode is to repeat one mode and the other mode alternately for a short time.
- the electron ionization (EI) mode and the photo-electron ionization (PI + EI) mode are alternately performed in a time-division manner as in the embodiment of the present invention, the measurement using only the EI method, the PI method and the EI Both measurements can be made simultaneously and both methods can be performed in a short time.
- the analyzer further includes a calculation means for calculating the ion intensity based on the output signal of the ion detection means.
- the arithmetic means preferably performs an arithmetic operation for obtaining a difference between an output signal of the ion detection means in the electron ionization mode from an output signal of the ion detection means in the photoelectron ionization mode.
- the gas analyzer according to the present invention further includes other light emitting means for emitting light having different wavelengths to the light emitting means in addition to the light emitting means.
- the gas in the ionization region is ionized by light emitted from the light emitting means or the other light emitting means.
- different light emitting means include a lamp using deuterium gas, a lamp using krypton gas, and a lamp using argon gas.
- ionization can be performed by selecting either light having a large energy amount or light having a small energy amount.
- the selection frame can be expanded with respect to the amount of energy.
- sufficient ionization can be performed by increasing the amount of energy for a sample that is insufficiently ionized due to a small amount of energy.
- the gas analyzer according to the present invention itself has an electrode for generating secondary electrons by light irradiation from the light emitting means, and the electron generating means for generating electrons by energization is the above-mentioned
- the light emitting means and the ionization region may not be provided.
- the electrode is an electrode that can take a potential state in which electrons are accelerated in a direction away from the ionization region, a zero potential state, or a potential state in which electrons are accelerated toward the ionization region. Is desirable.
- the PI method can be realized by the light emitted from the light emitting means, and the EI method can be realized by the secondary electrons generated from the electrodes.
- the EI method is performed by simply placing an electrode that is a secondary electron generating means within the light irradiation region of the light emitting means. Can do.
- the ionization device and thus the gas analyzer can be made smaller and the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the PI method ionization device and the EI method ionization device are individually installed.
- the gas analyzer according to the embodiment of the present invention can include secondary electron generating means other than the electrode. As such secondary electron generating means, for example, a structure supporting the electrode and other structures are conceivable.
- the gas analyzer of the present invention when gas enters the ionization region, the light from the light emitting means is irradiated to the gas, and photoionization (PI) is performed and generated. Ions are separated for each mass-to-charge ratio by the ion separation means, and each separated ion is detected by the ion detection means.
- PI photoionization
- the present invention since light having a low directivity is irradiated into the ionization region, all of the gas dispersed in the ionization region can be sufficiently ionized in a short time. Therefore, all of the plurality of molecular components contained in the gas can be sufficiently ionized in a short time. For example, if a gas containing multiple molecular components is generated at a certain location, if the gas is transported into the ionization region in a short time, the transported gas is sufficiently ionized in a short time. By doing so, it is possible to perform ionization, ion separation, and ion intensity measurement simultaneously with the generation of gas, and so-called real-time measurement.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view and an electric block diagram showing an embodiment of a gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a main part of FIG. 1 and a circuit configuration associated therewith.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the appearance of an example of an ionization apparatus, (a) is a top view, b) is a side view.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a light emission angle of a lamp used in PI.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an image display of measurement results using the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view showing another embodiment of the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view showing still another embodiment of the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of an ionization apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of an experiment using the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of another experiment using the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing another example of image display of measurement results using the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing still another embodiment of the gas analyzer according to the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- Ion detection device ion detection means
- Electrum meter 26.
- Operation unit 29.
- Electrode 31.
- Ion deflector 32.
- Tube 37 a, 37 b, 1 37.
- Filament electrospray generating means
- External electrode electrospray generating means
- Internal electrode electrospray generating means
- Electrode 39 a, 39 b, 1 39 a, 1 39 b.
- Lead-in electrode 4 1.
- Inner tube 4 2.
- Outer tube 4
- Mass flow meter (flow regulator), 52.
- TG—DTA device gas generator
- P Luminescence source
- Q Luminescence distribution
- RO Sample chamber
- R Analysis chamber
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a gas analyzer comprising a combination of a temperature programmed desorption device and a mass spectrometer.
- a gas analyzer 1 has a temperature-programmed desorption device 2 that is a gas generator, and an analyzer 3 that performs gas analysis.
- the temperature-programmed desorption device 2 and the analysis device 3 are connected by a gas transfer device 4.
- the thermal desorption apparatus 2 is used as a gas generation unit for performing thermal analysis based on the thermal desorption method.
- the temperature-programmed desorption method is an analytical method for determining the amount of gas adsorbed and the state of gas adsorption from the analysis of the desorption process when the temperature of the solid sample surface on which the gas is adsorbed is increased.
- This temperature-programmed desorption device 2 has a casing 6 that forms a sample chamber RO, a heating furnace 7 as a heating means provided around the casing 6, and a sample tube 8 attached to the casing 6.
- the sample tube 8 can be attached to and detached from the casing 6 as indicated by an arrow A.
- Sample tube 8 supports sample S at its tip.
- a gas supply source 9 is connected to the rear part of the sample tube 8 by a pipe 11.
- the gas supply source 9 emits a carrier gas such as an inert gas such as helium (He) gas.
- the heating furnace 7 is constituted by a heating device using, for example, a heating wire that generates heat when energized as a heat source, and generates heat in accordance with a command from the temperature control device 12. If the sample chamber R 0 needs to be cooled, a separate cooling device is attached to the sample chamber RO.
- the temperature control device 1 2 is configured by a computer, a sequencer, a dedicated circuit, and the like.
- the temperature raising program is stored in a storage medium in the temperature controller 12.
- the temperature control device 12 operates based on a command from the main control device 13.
- the main control device 13 includes, for example, a computer.
- a printer 1 4, a display 1 6, and an input device 1 7 are connected to the main controller 1 3 through an input / output interface.
- the printer 14 can be composed of an electrostatic transfer printer, an ink jet printer, or any other printer.
- the display 16 can be configured by a CRT (Cathode-ray Tube) display, a flat panel display (for example, a liquid crystal display), or any other display device.
- the input device 17 is composed of a keyboard-type input device, a mouse-type input device, and other arbitrary input devices.
- the analyzer 3 includes a casing 1 8 forming the analysis chamber R 1 and an analysis chamber R.
- the mass spectrometry control device 23 is connected to the main control device 13 and controls the operation of each element of the ionization device 19, the quadrupole filter 21, and the ion detection device 22. Further, the mass spectrometry control device 23 includes an electrometer 24 that calculates the intensity of the ions detected by the ion detection device 22.
- the main controller 13 includes a calculation unit 26 for performing a predetermined calculation based on the ion intensity obtained by the electometer 24. This calculation unit 26 is, for example, a combination of a computer control device and software. Composed by the combination.
- the casing 18 is provided with a turbo molecular pump 27 and a rotary pump 28.
- the rotary pump 2 8 roughly reduces the pressure in the analysis chamber R 1, and the turbo molecular pump 2 7 further reduces the pressure in the analysis chamber R 1, which is roughly reduced by the rotary pump 28, to a vacuum state or a pressure reduction state close thereto.
- the pressure in the analysis chamber R 1 is detected by an ion gauge 36 that is a pressure gauge, and the detection result is sent to the main controller 13 as an electrical signal.
- the quadrupole filter 21 has four electrodes 29 as shown in FIG. A scanning voltage in a state in which a high-frequency AC voltage whose frequency changes with time and a DC voltage of a predetermined magnitude are superimposed is applied to these electrodes 29.
- this high-frequency scanning voltage is applied to the quadrupole 29
- the ions passing between the quadrupoles 29 are separated for each mass-to-charge ratio of the molecule, and the separated single ion Is sent to the subsequent ion detector 22.
- the ion detector 2 2 includes an ion deflector 3 1 and an electron multiplier 3 2.
- the ions selected by the quadrupole filter 2 1 are collected by the ion deflector 3 1 into the electron multiplier 3 2 and output as an electric signal, and the signal is counted by the electrometer 2 4 to be an ion intensity signal. Is output as
- the ionizer 19 in FIG. 1 includes a PI (photoion on ion) lamp 3 3 A and an EI (electron ion ion) 3 4 as light emitting means. It has.
- PI lamp 3 3 A an L 2 D 2 lamp (type: L 7 2 9 2), which is a discharge tube manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, shall be used. The specification of this lamp is as follows.
- Synchrotron radiation wavelength Vacuum ultraviolet
- the lamp 33 A in FIG. 4A is a lamp that emits light that diverges with an angular spread of approximately 10 ° on one side and approximately 20 ° on both sides. This lamp emits light at a much wider angle than laser light.
- the energy of light emitted when using deuterium gas is 10.2 eV.
- the lamp 3 3 A is fixed to the casing 18 in a state of passing through the casing 18.
- the fixed portion is hermetically sealed by a sealing member.
- the light emitting surface of lamp 3 3 A faces EI equipment 3 4.
- the end of the lamp 3 3 A opposite to the light emitting surface is located outside the casing 18.
- lamp 3 3 A (especially a lamp that emits vacuum ultraviolet light) is difficult to use due to severe life deterioration due to heat in vacuum. However, if a part of the lamp 33A is taken out into the atmosphere as in the present embodiment, the life deterioration can be suppressed.
- the EI device 34 has a planar structure shown in FIG. 3 (a) and a side structure shown in FIG. 3 (b).
- the EI device 3 4 includes a pair of filaments 3 7 a and 3 7 b as electron generating means for emitting electrons when energized, an external electrode 3 8 a surrounding the filaments, an external electrode 3 8 a and And a pair of internal electrodes 3 8 b.
- Both the outer electrode 3 8 a and the inner electrode 3 8 b have a structure capable of transmitting light incident from the direction of arrow C.
- the external electrode 38a is an electrode formed in a net shape
- the internal electrode 38b is a spiral electrode. Both electrodes are shaped to transmit light.
- the filament 37a and the filament 37b are both formed in a straight wire shape, and are drawn to the outside by the electrodes 40a and 40b.
- the center electrode 47 is a common electrode for the filaments 37a and 37b.
- Filament 3 7 a and filament 3 7 b are separate filaments, and they are provided at an equivalent distance from common electrode 47.
- the gas to be measured ie, the object of ionization
- the emitted light of PI lamp 3 3 A is applied from the direction of arrow C.
- ions are extracted in the direction of arrow D.
- the internal structure of the EI device 34 is shown in the left part of FIG.
- the filaments 37a and 37b are provided in an electric field formed between the outer electrode 38a and the inner electrode 38b.
- the inside of the internal electrode 38b is an ionization region R3 that is a region for ionizing gas.
- Vacc> 0 V2> V 1
- Vacc ⁇ 0 V 2 ⁇ V 1
- Vacc 0, the electrons inside and around the ionization region R3 are not accelerated.
- the gas to be measured passes through the external electrode 38a, the filaments 37a, 37b. And the internal electrode 38b from the direction of arrow B and is supplied to the ionization region R3.
- the gas is supplied into the ionization region R3 and the accelerated electrons enter the ionization region R3, the electrons collide with the gas and the gas is ionized.
- the gas ionization performed in this way is E I (electron ionization).
- the ions thus generated are forcibly drawn into the quadrupole filter 21 in the direction of arrow D in the figure by applying a predetermined voltage between the drawing electrodes 39a and 39b.
- the external electrode 38 a and the internal electrode 38 b that are a pair of electrodes that generate the electron acceleration voltage Vacc in the present embodiment
- the external electrode 38 a is formed by a mesh electrode
- the internal electrode 38 b Since the PI lamp 33 A is lit and light is emitted from the lamp because it is formed by a spiral electrode, The light passes through the openings of the electrodes 3 8 a and 3 8 b and is supplied to the ionization region R 3.
- the light from the PI lamp 3 3 A is supplied to the ionization region R 3 and gas is supplied into the ionization region R 3 from the direction of arrow B, the light from the PI lamp 3 3 A is Is ionized.
- This ionization is PI (photoionization).
- the ions generated in this way are forcibly drawn into the quadrupole filter 21 in the direction of arrow D in the figure by applying a predetermined voltage between the drawing electrodes 39a and 39b. It is.
- the PI lamp is light that has a lower directivity than the laser light and travels widely, and uses light in the vacuum ultraviolet region, and this light is used as the gas transport device 4 in FIG.
- the mass spectrometry control device 23 in FIG. 1 includes the circuit configuration shown in FIG.
- the mass spectrometry control device 23 has a switch SW1 for switching a pair of filaments 37a and 37b. By switching the switch SW1, it is possible to select either filament 37a or filament 37b and pass current.
- the switch SW1 By switching the switch SW1, it is possible to select either filament 37a or filament 37b and pass current.
- the other normal filament is selected by simply switching switch 1 to generate electrons. It is intended to continue. Therefore, if such compensation is not necessary, one filament may be used.
- the mass spectrometry controller 2 3 applies the potential V 2 to the external electrode 3 8 a and
- the electron acceleration voltage Vacc is applied between the external electrode 3 8 a and the internal electrode 3 8 b.
- the mass spectrometric control device 23 applies the pull-in voltage V if between the pair of pull-in electrodes 39a and 39b.
- As the pull-in voltage V if, at least two types of standard voltage and higher voltage are prepared.
- a high voltage is a voltage that increases the force to attract ions.
- the standard voltage is the preferred voltage for EI and the high voltage is the preferred voltage for PI.
- the reason why the voltage for PI is set to a high voltage is to compensate for the fact that the ionization amount due to PI tends to be smaller than the ionization amount due to EI.
- the mass spectrometry control device 23 3 applies a voltage (U ZV) obtained by superimposing a high frequency voltage on a DC voltage to each electrode of the quadrupole filter 21.
- the high-frequency voltage in this case is a voltage whose frequency changes with time, and by this frequency change, ions can be separated for each type of mass-to-charge ratio and propagated to the subsequent stage.
- the fourth exhaust means is an exhaust means for exhausting the intermediate chamber R 2 formed by the inner pipe 41 that conveys the gas, the outer pipe 4 2 that surrounds the inner pipe 41, and the outer pipe 4 2 and the inner pipe 41.
- a mass flow meter 46 as a flow rate adjusting means is provided. Due to the exhaust action of the rotary pump 4 3, the inside of the intermediate chamber R 2 can be set to a lower pressure than the sample chamber R 0.
- the pressure in the intermediate chamber R 2 is detected by a crystal gauge 44, which is a pressure gauge. The detection result is sent to the main controller 13 as an electrical signal.
- the mass flow meter 46 is an element that allows gas to flow between the exhaust path of the rotary pump 43 and an external pressure (in this embodiment, atmospheric pressure). For example, if atmospheric gas is introduced into the exhaust passage of the rotary pump 43 by using the mass flow meter 46, the pressure in the intermediate chamber R2 maintained by the rotary pump 43 can be increased. For example, the pressure initially maintained at 10 2 Pa can be increased to 10 3 Pa.
- the outside of the outer tube 4 2 (that is, the inside of the sample chamber RO) is set to a high pressure
- the intermediate chamber R 2 is set to an intermediate pressure
- the inside of 41 (that is, the inside of analysis chamber R1) can be set to a low pressure to hold these pressures.
- the sample chamber RO held in 1 0 5 Pa approximately atmospheric pressure
- And 1 the inside of the analysis chamber R 1 and O-sp a It can be kept in a vacuum state.
- a structure in which an intermediate pressure is set by exhausting between a high pressure and a low pressure is sometimes called a differential exhaust structure.
- the above-described differential exhaust structure maintains the pressure difference between the sample chamber R 0 and the analysis chamber R 1 having different pressures, and the gas generated in the sample chamber RO is analyzed by the inner tube 41 in the analysis chamber.
- This is a structure to reliably achieve the function of transporting to R1.
- the ends of the inner tube 41 and the outer tube 42 on the sample chamber RO side are formed as orifices (that is, micropores), and the ends on the analysis chamber R 1 side opposite thereto are subjected to the orifice effect. It is formed as an opening of normal size that does not play.
- the diameter of the orifice is, for example, about 1 OO Zm.
- the gas generated from the sample S can be efficiently collected by the orifice. In addition, it can be efficiently transported to the analysis chamber R1.
- the PIZO lamp 33A is controlled by appropriately controlling the ONZO FF of the PI lamp 33A, the ONZOF F energizing the filament 37a or 37b, and the electron acceleration voltage Vacc to the electrodes 38a and 38b.
- Three types of measurements are available: generated gas measurement based on ionization only, generated gas measurement based on ionization only EI, and generated gas measurement based on PI + EI (ie, both ionization of PI and EI). Can be done selectively. These measurements are described individually below.
- the sample S is placed in a predetermined position in the sample chamber RO, that is, in the gas transfer device 4. Arranged near the orifice.
- the rotary pump 28 and the turbo molecular pump 27 attached to the analysis chamber R 1 are operated to perform separation. Setting the ⁇ R 1 in a vacuum state of about 1 0_ 3 Pa. Further, the rotary pump 43 attached to the gas transfer device 4 is operated to set the pressure in the intermediate chamber R2 to an intermediate pressure of about 10 2 Pa.
- the inside of the sample chamber RO is set to atmospheric pressure, for example, about 10 5 Pa.
- the PI lamp 33A in Fig. 2 is set to OFF to prevent light from being emitted.
- the current supply to the filament 37a or 37b is set to ON to release electrons
- Vacc ⁇ 0 V 2 ⁇ V 1
- Vacc ⁇ 0 V 2 ⁇ V 1
- the accelerated electrons collide with the gas in the ionization region R3 and ionize the gas. That is, ionization of only EI can be realized by setting the above conditions (1) to (3).
- the heating furnace 7 is heated by a predetermined program by the action of the temperature control device 12 and the temperature of the sample S is raised by the predetermined program.
- the temperature raising conditions vary depending on the sample and the measuring method. For example, the temperature is raised for about 30 minutes to 2 hours with a temperature gradient of 2 ° CZ minutes to 10 ° CZ.
- the gas is desorbed from the sample S according to the characteristics of the sample S at this temperature rise, the gas is sucked through the orifice portion into each of the outer tube 42 and the inner tube 41, flows into the inner tube 41, and further into the inner tube 41. Supplied to the ionizer 19 through the opening of the tube 41.
- the gas supplied to the ionizer 1 9 enters the ionization region R3 in Fig. 2 and is ionized by the impact of electrons generated from the filament 37a or 37b and accelerated by the electron acceleration voltage Vacc.
- the This is EI (electron ionization).
- This ionization process continues during the measurement time.
- E At I the ion of the component gas is cleaved according to the degree of impact due to the impact of electrons, and as a result, fragments (ie, cleaved components or fragments) are generated.
- the ion that is the source of the Fragmen moth is called the parent ion.
- the generation rate of fragment ions with respect to the parent ion changes according to the energy amount of electrons. Specifically, if the amount of electron energy is small, the amount of parent ions is large and the amount of fragment ions is small. On the other hand, if the amount of electron energy is large, the amount of fragment ions with a large amount of fragment ions decreases. When the amount of electron energy is extremely large, most of them become fragment ions and there are cases where the parent ions are almost gone.
- the parent ions and fragment ions generated as described above are attracted by the attracting voltage V i f and conveyed to the quadrupole filter 21.
- a high-frequency voltage whose frequency changes from moment to moment is applied to the quadrupole 2 9 in the quadrupole filter 2 1, and only ions with a mass-to-charge ratio corresponding to each frequency are selected and the ion detector 2 2 It is sent to. That is, ions separated for each mass to charge ratio are sent to the ion detector 22 in time series for each mass to charge ratio.
- the ions that have been sent are converted into ion deflectors.
- the electrometer 24 After being collected in the electron multiplier tube 32 by 31 and subjected to a predetermined amplification process, it is output as an electric signal, and the ion intensity is obtained for each mass-to-charge ratio by the electrometer 24 based on the output signal.
- the gas when gas is generated from the sample S at a certain moment in the sample chamber RO in FIG. 1, the gas is gas chromatograph or the like. Without being trapped by the gas trap means, it is directly and simultaneously ionized to the ionizer 19 and simultaneously ionized, and by the quadrupole filter 21 for each mass-to-charge ratio, that is, from each component ion and from each component ion. Each fragment that has been cleaved is separated, and the ion intensity is determined for each separated component ion.
- each component gas is subjected to a measurement process of ion intensity in real time when the gas is generated.
- real-time means that the gas is supplied to the mass spectrometer at the same time as the gas is generated, and the multiple component gases contained in the generated gas are continuously analyzed almost simultaneously in a very short time. It is to be provided to.
- the ionic strength of the gas re-ionized by EI is detected for each mass-to-charge ratio, and the detection result is stored in a predetermined area in the memory (that is, the storage medium) in the main controller 13.
- the main controller 13 reads the ion intensity data for the sample S stored in this way from the memory at a desired time and prints it with the printer 14 or displays it on the screen of the display 16 as an image.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a case where a graph as an example of the measurement result is displayed as an image on the screen 16 a of the display 16 of FIG.
- This display example shows the measurement results when using low density polyethylene as a sample.
- the top two displays (A) and (B) in screen 16a show the measurement results obtained when the gas was ionized only by EI.
- the two displays (C) and (D) in the lower part of the screen 16a show the measurement results obtained when the gas is ionized only by PI (photoionization) described later.
- Fig. 5 illustrates the case where the measurement result based on the EI method and the measurement result based on the PI method are simultaneously displayed on one screen.
- the measurement result based on the EI method ( A, B) and measurement results (C, D) based on the PI method may be displayed separately.
- the graphs on the left (A, C) show the gas generated from time to time during the heating process. It is a graph which shows the total ionic strength diagram which shows the change of the whole ionic strength. In this graph, the horizontal axis indicates the sample temperature, and the vertical axis indicates the ionic strength.
- the graphs (B, D) on the right side of screen 16a show the ion intensity for each mass-to-charge ratio of component ions or their fragment ions contained in the gas generated from the sample at a certain sample temperature. It is a graph which shows a mass spectrum. In this graph, the horizontal axis represents the mass-to-charge ratio, and the vertical axis represents the ionic strength.
- mass spectrometry (A, B) based on the EI method
- gas is generated from the sample at a temperature of 4900 ° C, as shown in graph (A) of the total ion intensity diagram.
- a plurality of component gases contained in the generated gas have peaks at a mass-to-charge ratio specific to the sample as shown in the mass spectrum graph (B).
- fragmentation occurs when ionization is performed based on the EI method, so the mass spectrum includes the peak of the fragment ion in addition to the peak of the parent ion. From the mass spectrum graph (B), it is not known which is the peak of the parent ion and which is the fragment ion.
- the ratio of the parent ion peak to the fragment ion peak varies depending on the amount of energy held by the electrons colliding with the gas.
- the measurement based on the PI method will be described.
- the sample S is attached to the tip of the sample tube 8 in FIG. 1, and the sample tube 8 is attached to the casing 6.
- the sample S is placed at a predetermined position in the sample chamber R0.
- the pressures in the analysis chamber R 1, the intermediate chamber R 2 of the gas transfer device 4, and the sample chamber R 0 are set in the same manner as in the measurement based on the EI method.
- the heating furnace 7 is caused to generate heat by the action of the temperature controller 12 and the temperature of the sample S is raised by the predetermined program.
- the gas is desorbed from sample S according to the characteristics of sample S at this temperature rise, the gas is sucked through the orifice part into each of outer tube 42 and inner tube 41 and flows into inner tube 41. Further, it is supplied from the opening of the inner tube 41 to the ionization device 19.
- the gas supplied to the ionizer 1 9 enters the ionization region R 3 in Fig. 2 and is based on the PI method by the emitted light from the PI lamp 3 3 A (in this embodiment, vacuum ultraviolet light). Ionized. This ionization is also continued during the measurement.
- the gas in the ionization region R 3 is ionized by applying vacuum ultraviolet light to the gas, the external electrode 3 8 a, the internal electrode 3 8 b, and the filament 3 7 that are structures as secondary electron generating means When a and 37b are exposed to vacuum ultraviolet light, secondary electrons are generated from these structures.
- ionization ie, E I
- E I ionization
- the sample molecules are bombarded with electrons.
- PI is a suitable method for generating molecular ions (parent ions) of sample molecules in which sample molecules are decomposed and fragment ionized because ionization energy is too high in EI. Some of the sample molecules change to fragment ions due to E ⁇ by secondary electrons as described above.
- the external electrode 3 8 a that can collect electrons (that is, secondary electrons) generated by irradiation with ultraviolet light in the ionization region R 3 is provided in the region outside the ionization region R 3. Because Ionization Territory Secondary electrons can be prevented from entering the region R3 and the generation of fragment ions in PI can be reduced.
- the ion intensity is obtained by the ion detector 2 2 and the electrometer 2 4.
- a gas trap means such as a gas chromatograph.
- Ionic strength is required for component ions. That is, mass analysis of each component gas is performed in real time for gas generation.
- the ion intensity is detected for each mass-to-charge ratio with respect to the gas reionized by PI, and the detection result is stored in a predetermined area in the memory in the main controller 13.
- the main controller 13 reads out the ion intensity data of the sample S stored in this way from the memory at a desired time and prints it with the printer 14 or displays it on the screen of the display 16 as an image.
- the display shown in the graph (C) of the lower total ion intensity diagram in Fig. 5 and the graph of the mass spectrum (D) in the lower row show the measurement based on the PI method. Displayed as a result.
- gas is generated from the sample at a temperature of 4900 ° C, and multiple gases contained in the generated gas are generated.
- the component ions have a peak at the specific mass-to-charge ratio of the sample, as shown in the mass spectrum graph (D).
- the sample chamber RO is at atmospheric pressure (eg, 10 5 Pa)
- the analysis chamber R is at atmospheric pressure (eg, 10 5 Pa)
- the mass flow meter 46 is operated to supply gas.
- the intermediate pressure is increased from 1 0 2 Pa to eg 10 3 Pa.
- the measurement based on ionization of both PI and EI will be explained.
- the sample S is placed at the tip of the sample tube 8 in FIG. Attach the sample tube 8 to the casing 6 and place the sample S at a predetermined position in the sample chamber RO.
- the pressures in the analysis chamber R1, the intermediate chamber R2 of the gas transfer device 4, and the sample chamber RO are set in the same manner as in the measurement based on the EI method.
- PI is performed by the vacuum ultraviolet light from the lamp 33 A hitting gas molecules in the ionization region R3.
- EI seems not to be performed.
- secondary electrons are generated when the vacuum ultraviolet light from lamp 3 3 A hits the structure of filaments 3 7 a, 3 7 b, etc., and the secondary electrons are electrons with Vacc ⁇ 0 set. Since the acceleration voltage Vacc accelerates toward the ionization region R 3, EI is performed by the accelerated secondary electrons.
- the current supply to the filaments 37a or 37b may be set to ON, and control to emit electrons from those filaments may be performed.
- the current supply to the filaments 37a or 37b may be set to ON, and control to emit electrons from those filaments may be performed.
- thermal electrons are emitted from the filament itself, so the amount of electrons supplied to the ionized region R 3 Can be increased.
- the gas supplied to the ionizer 19 enters the ionization region R 3 in FIG. 2, and is ionized based on the PI method by the emitted light from the PI lamp 33 A. Furthermore, the secondary electrons generated from the structure are ionized based on the EI method. In other words, ionization is performed based on both the PI method and the EI method.
- the ionized gas is separated for each mass-to-charge ratio by the quadrupole filter 21 in the same manner as in the measurement based only on the EI method and the measurement based on the PI method, and then the ion detector 2 2 and electrometer 2 4 gives the ionic strength.
- the ion intensity is detected for each mass-to-charge ratio with respect to the gas reionized by both PI and EI, and the detection result is stored in a predetermined area in the memory in the main controller 13. .
- the main controller 13 reads out the ion intensity data of the sample S stored in this way from the memory at a desired time and prints it with the printer 14 or displays it on the screen of the display 16 as an image. To do.
- the main control is a program for causing the arithmetic unit 26 to perform an operation of subtracting the result of the measurement based only on PI from the result of the measurement based on PI + EI, that is, an operation for obtaining the difference. It is held in device 1 3.
- the above difference calculation is performed by the calculation unit 26, and the measurement result based only on EI is actually converted to EI. It can be obtained by calculation without making a base measurement. This saves a lot of time compared to making three types of measurements.
- the accuracy of analysis decreases due to error factors between measurements. Can be improved.
- the measurement based on EI alone is omitted, and the information is obtained by calculation.
- two types of measurement PI + EI measurement and EI only measurement, are used. After performing the above measurement, measurement information based only on PI may be obtained by difference calculation.
- the electrodes 3 8 a and 3 8 b which are also components of the EI device 3 4, cannot be made unnecessary.
- the first reason is that it is necessary to function as a structure that generates secondary electrons by the light emitted from the PI lamp 33 A.
- the electron acceleration voltage Vacc must be generated in order to cause EI.
- each control mode of electron ionization mode (EI mode), photoionization mode (PI mode), and optical 'electron ionization mode (EI + PI mode) by the main controller 1 in Fig. 1 is implemented individually.
- the temperature rise program is executed for the first sample and the measurement based on one ionization method is performed, and the temperature rise program is executed for the second sample separately. Measurements based on one ionization method will be performed, and in addition to that, a temperature rise program will be performed on a third sample, and another measurement based on another ionization method will be performed.
- the following measurement form may be employed. That is, In FIG. 1, one sample S is placed at a predetermined position in the sample chamber R 0, and the sample s is heated according to a predetermined heating program. Simultaneously with this temperature rise, ionization processing is performed by the ionizer 19. In this ionization process, the EI mode, PI mode, and PI + EI mode are repeatedly performed one by one at predetermined time intervals from the beginning to the end of the measurement.
- the time allotted for each ionization mode processing is that the quadrupole filter 21 is used to perform high-frequency scanning within a predetermined mass-to-charge ratio range, and the ion detector 22 obtains the ion intensity. It is set to the same time as required. For example, if about 5 seconds are required for ion separation processing by high-frequency wavelength scanning corresponding to the measurement range of the mass-to-charge ratio and measurement of ion intensity related to the separated ions, the ionization device in each ionization mode 19 The time interval for each ionization process performed by is also set to about 5 seconds.
- FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- the gas analyzer 51 shown here includes a TG-DTA device 52 that is a gas generator, an analyzer 3 that performs gas analysis, and a gas transport means that is provided between these devices and transports gas. It has a capillary tube (that is, a thin tube) 54 as the above.
- the analysis apparatus 3 is the same apparatus as the analysis apparatus indicated by using the same reference numerals in the embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the description of the analyzer 3 is omitted.
- the TG—DTA device 52 is a device that performs both TG (Thermogravimetry) measurement and DT A (Differential Thermal Analysis) measurement.
- the TG-DTA device 52 includes a casing 56 that forms a sample chamber RO, a heating furnace 57 as a heating means provided around the casing 56, and a balance beam 58 provided inside the casing 56.
- a gas supply source 59 is connected to the casing 56 by a pipe 61.
- the gas supply source 59 emits a carrier gas, such as an inert gas, such as helium (He).
- the heating furnace 57 is composed of, for example, a heating device that uses a heating wire that generates heat when energized as a heat source, generates heat according to a command from the TG-DTA control device 62, and is cooled as necessary.
- the TG—DTA controller 62 is composed of a computer, sequencer, dedicated circuit, and so on. The TG—DTA controller 62 operates based on commands from the main controller 63.
- the main controller 63 includes a computer, for example.
- the sample S is heated by the heating furnace 57 according to a predetermined heating program and heated.
- the sample S to be heated is thermally changed (for example, decomposed) according to its own characteristics, a change in weight occurs in the sample S, and gas is generated from the sample S at the same time.
- the T G—D T A controller 6 2 measures the weight change of the sample S via the balance beam 5 8. Further, the temperature change of the sample S relative to a standard substance (not shown) arranged adjacent to the sample S is measured by a temperature sensor (for example, a thermocouple).
- the capillary tube 54 is a simple tube that does not have a double tube structure like the gas transfer device 4 in FIG. 1 or a differential exhaust structure.
- the cavity tube 54 maintains the vacuum in the analysis chamber R 1 and the atmospheric pressure in the sample chamber R 0 according to the length and inner diameter of the capillary tube.
- gas analyzer of the present embodiment when ionization based on the PI method is performed, light that travels in an angular manner instead of highly directional light such as laser light is used as a PI lamp 3 3 It is discharged from A, and the opening for discharging the gas in the capillary tube 54 is widely covered with light.
- Gas generally has the property of spreading and diffusing in a short time, so light with high directivity, such as laser light, can ionize the gas locally, but sufficient gas can be discharged in a short time. It is difficult to turn it on.
- the directivity is low, and Since it was decided to irradiate the diffused light, especially vacuum ultraviolet light, in front of the gas outlet, it was possible to fully ionize the gas discharged in a short time. By simultaneously ionizing multiple molecular components, it became possible to analyze multiple molecular components in real time.
- FIG. 7 shows still another embodiment of the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- the gas analyzer 71 shown here is a modification of the previous embodiment shown in FIG.
- the gas analyzer 71 differs from the gas analyzer 1 shown in FIG. 1 in that a restricting member 72 is provided at the gas discharge opening of the inner pipe 41 of the gas transfer device 4. Since other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment of FIG. 1, description of the configurations is omitted.
- the restricting member 72 has a conical cylinder shape (a state where the top portion is missing) in which the end surface on the ionizer 19 side has a small diameter and the end surface on the gas transfer device 4 side has a large diameter.
- This restricting member 72 reduces the cross-sectional area of the gas flow flowing from the gas transfer device 4 toward the ionization device 19 from the sample chamber RO side toward the analysis chamber R1 side. With this narrowing function, it is possible to send a high-density gas into the ionization region R 3 in FIG. 2, and as a result, it is possible to increase the amount of ionized gas.
- FIG. 8 shows a modification of the ionizer.
- the ionizer 1 1 9 shown here has a lamp 1 3 3 and an EI device 1 3 4.
- the EI device 1 3 4 is used in the analyzer 3 shown in FIGS. 1, 6, and 7 instead of the EI device 3 4 shown in FIG.
- the EI device 1 3 4 includes an external electrode 1 3 8 a, an internal electrode 1 3 8 b, a collector electrode 1 4 0, and a filament 1 3 7.
- Reference numerals 1 3 9 a and 1 3 9 b indicate lead-in electrodes.
- An ionization region is formed inside the internal electrode 1 3 8 b.
- the external electrode 1 3 8a is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped box shape having no side surface on the side of the lead-in electrode 1 3 9a, that is, a rectangular tube shape. Each side surface of the external electrode 1 3 8 a is a plate electrode. The inside of the external electrode 1 3 8 a is a space. An internal electrode 1 3 8 b is provided in the space. Sample introduction openings 1 4 1 a and 1 4 1 b are provided on a pair of side surfaces of the external electrodes 1 3 8 a facing each other. In addition, electron passing openings 14 2 a and 14 2 b are provided on another pair of side surfaces of the external electrode 1 38 a that face each other. These openings 1 4 1 a, 1 4 1 b, 1 4 2 a, and 1 4 2 b may be net-like.
- the external electrode 1 3 8 a may be cylindrical.
- the gas to be measured is introduced into the external electrode 1 3 8 a as shown by the arrow E through the sample introduction openings 1 4 1 a and 1 4 1 b.
- the gas that has been introduced but not gasified is discharged to the outside through the sample introduction openings 1 4 1 a and 1 4 1 b.
- the gas may be introduced and exhausted through the electron passage openings 1 4 2 a and 1 4 2 b.
- the lamps 1 3 3 are arranged so that their light emission surfaces face the sample introduction openings 1 4 1 a. Vacuum ultraviolet light is irradiated from the lamp 1 3 3 through the sample introduction opening 1 4 1 a to the ionization region in the internal electrode 1 3 8 b.
- the filament 1 3 7 is arranged to face the electron passage opening 1 4 2 a.
- the collector electrode 1 4 0 is arranged to face another electron passage opening 1 4 2 b. Electrons emitted from the filament 1 37 are introduced into the ionization region in the internal electrode 1 3 8 b through the electron passage opening 1 4 2 a as indicated by an arrow F.
- the electrons that have passed through the ionization region without giving an electron bombardment to the gas molecules are then collected by the collector electrode 1 4 0 through the electron passing opening 1 4 2 b as indicated by the arrow G.
- the ionization apparatus 1 19 Since the ionization apparatus 1 19 according to this modification is configured as described above, it is the same as the ionization apparatus using the EI apparatus 34 shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). In addition, EI is performed by electrons emitted from the filament 1 3 7, and PI is performed by vacuum ultraviolet light emitted from the lamp 1 3 3. In the EI device 1 3 4, since the external electrode 1 3 8 a is formed by a plate electrode, the EI device 3 using the mesh electrode shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) Compared to 4, the area of the external electrode 1 3 8 a can be increased. The amount of secondary electrons emitted from the external electrode 1 3 8 a can be increased.
- FIG. 12 shows still another embodiment of the gas analyzer according to the present invention.
- the gas analyzer shown here is a modification of the previous embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
- the gas analyzer shown in FIG. 2 has a filament 37a, a filament 37b, and The electrical circuit attached to them is deleted. That is, this embodiment is an electron generating means for generating electrons by energization, and filaments 3 7 a and 3 7 as secondary electron generating means for generating secondary electrons by light irradiation from the lamp 33 A. b is deleted.
- the Vacc V2_ between the external electrode 3 8 a (V 2) and the internal electrode 3 8 b (V 1) Set the potential to V 1 ⁇ 0. Then, light is emitted from the lamp 3 3 A, and secondary electrons are generated from the external electrode 3 8 a, the internal electrode 3 8 b, and, in some cases, other structures that are irradiated with the light. It is accelerated by Vacc ⁇ 0 and proceeds to the ionization region R 3, and the accelerated electrons collide with gas molecules in the ionization region R 3, and the gas component is electronized.
- electron ionization fragment ions are generated along with the parent ions. If the energy of the secondary electrons is small, the intensity of the parent ion becomes strong because less fragmentation occurs. If the energy of the secondary electrons is large, the amount of generated fragmentation is large, so the strength of the parent ion is weakened.
- the sample chamber R O is formed by the temperature-programmed desorption device 2, and in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the sample chamber R O is formed by the TG—DTA device 52.
- the sample chamber R O can be formed by any other heat treatment equipment.
- the quadrupole filter 21 is exemplified as the ion separation means, but any ion separation device based on other principles can be used.
- the lamp 3 3 A shown in FIG. 4 (a) is used as the PI lamp 3 3 A.
- the lamp 3 3 B shown in FIG. 4 (b) is used. You can also do this. Even when this lamp 33B was used, the ionic strength of the generated gas could be obtained. In other words, the gas could be sufficiently ionized by PI using this lamp 33B.
- a long tube 35 extends from the light source P, and the angle of the emitted light is suppressed to about 10 ° on one side of the top and bottom and about 20 ° on both sides.
- the tube 35 of the lamp 33 B is shortened, and the spread angle of the emitted light is relatively wide. Specifically, it has a width of about 17 ° on one side of the top and bottom and about 34 ° on both sides.
- the spread angle of the emitted light can be adjusted.
- one kind of PI lamp is provided in the ionizer 19.
- the number of lamps can be two or more. In that case, it is desirable that the plurality of lamps emit light having different wavelengths. In this way, the desired amount of energy Select to ionize the gas.
- the external electrode 38 a and the internal electrode 38 b in FIG. 2 are used as secondary electron generating means for generating secondary electrons by light irradiation from the lamp 33 A or the like as light emitting means.
- the filaments 37a and 37b have been illustrated, but the secondary electron generating means is not limited to elements that function by energization such as those, and may be simple metal members that are not energized.
- the casing may serve as a secondary electron generating means.
- He (He) gas is introduced as a carrier gas
- the electron acceleration voltage Vacc was applied as the electron acceleration voltage Vacc between the external electrode 38a and the internal electrode 38b.
- the one (minus) potential at the electron acceleration voltage Vacc is the polarity that accelerates secondary electrons generated by vacuum ultraviolet light in Fig. 2 in the direction from the external electrode 38a to the internal electrode 38b.
- the electric potential is a polarity that accelerates secondary electrons generated by vacuum ultraviolet light in a direction from the internal electrode 38b toward the external electrode 38a.
- Toluene which is a volatile organic solvent, is placed as a sample S at a predetermined position in the sample chamber RO.
- He (He) gas is introduced as a carrier gas
- the PI lamp 33A is turned off, (2) the filaments 37a and 37 are energized to generate electrons, and (3) the electrons This corresponds to a measurement result obtained under a condition where an electron acceleration voltage having a predetermined value for accelerating the light in the direction from the external bulb 38a toward the internal electrode 38b is applied.
- the present inventor conducted the same evolved gas analysis as in Example 2 for each of hexane, benzene, acetone, xylene, and ethanol, which are organic solvents other than toluene. As a result, if the PI lamp 33 A is turned on and the electron acceleration voltage Va cc is not applied or is set to the + potential state (Vacc> 0), only the parent ions are generated and the fragment ions are not generated. confirmed.
- P I lamp 33A in Fig. 2 is set to OFF and PI is not performed.
- Fig. 11 (A) is a graph showing the total ion intensity diagram obtained as a result of measurement based only on the EI method
- Fig. 11 (B) shows the result of measurement based only on the EI method. It is a graph which shows the obtained mass spectrum
- Figure 11 (C) is a graph showing the total ion intensity diagram obtained as a result of measurement based only on the PI method
- Figure 11 (D) shows the result of measurement based on the PI method alone. It is a graph which shows the obtained mass spectrum.
- the gas analyzer of the present invention is suitable for an application of ionizing and analyzing a plurality of molecular components in a short time and almost simultaneously when a gas containing a plurality of molecular components is generated from a sample. . In other words, it can be used for real-time measurement of gas generated from a sample.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07736895.9A EP2006672B1 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-03-16 | Gas analyzer |
KR1020087020951A KR101340880B1 (ko) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-03-16 | 가스 분석장치 |
CN2007800095372A CN101405600B (zh) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-03-16 | 气体分析装置 |
US12/281,908 US8044343B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-03-16 | Gas analyzer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2006-073916 | 2006-03-17 | ||
JP2006073916A JP4958258B2 (ja) | 2006-03-17 | 2006-03-17 | ガス分析装置 |
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WO2007108211A1 true WO2007108211A1 (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
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PCT/JP2007/000238 WO2007108211A1 (ja) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-03-16 | ガス分析装置 |
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US (1) | US8044343B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2006672B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4958258B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101340880B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101405600B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007108211A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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DE102009004398A1 (de) | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-09 | Rigaku Corp., Akishima-shi | Gasanalyse-Verfahren sowie Gasanalyse-Vorrichtung |
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US7989761B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 | 2011-08-02 | Rigaku Corporation | Gas analyzing method and gas analyzing apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2006672A4 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
CN101405600B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
JP2007248333A (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
JP4958258B2 (ja) | 2012-06-20 |
CN101405600A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
EP2006672A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
US8044343B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
KR101340880B1 (ko) | 2013-12-12 |
US20090026362A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
KR20080111444A (ko) | 2008-12-23 |
EP2006672B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
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