WO2006106972A1 - 吸着材および体外循環用カラム - Google Patents
吸着材および体外循環用カラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006106972A1 WO2006106972A1 PCT/JP2006/306944 JP2006306944W WO2006106972A1 WO 2006106972 A1 WO2006106972 A1 WO 2006106972A1 JP 2006306944 W JP2006306944 W JP 2006306944W WO 2006106972 A1 WO2006106972 A1 WO 2006106972A1
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- adsorbent
- blood
- fiber
- adsorption
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
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- B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adsorbent and an extracorporeal circulation column. Specifically, leukocytes, inflammatory, immunosuppressive site force-in, and humoral factors can be efficiently removed from blood, so-called leukocytes.
- the present invention relates to an adsorbent material suitably used for removal therapy, immunostimulation therapy, cancer treatment, and the like, and a blood treatment column such as an extracorporeal circulation column using the adsorbent material.
- Blood contains various components such as blood cells, cytodynamic force, and other liquid components, and these blood components play an important role in adjusting the balance of immunity in the body.
- Endotoxins typified by lipopolysaccharide are factors exhibiting various biological activities such as fever, blood pressure reduction, intravascular coagulation, and Hageman factor activity in blood. Especially in clinical settings, it can be mixed into patient blood after surgery, for example, and cause severe sepsis.
- Endotoxins contaminated in the patient's blood especially leukocytes stimulated by endotoxin contaminated in the blood of serious patients.
- Various site forces such as cancer necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon. Peroxide is known to be released. In addition, it is known that these excessive site force ins have a physiological adverse effect.
- TGF- ⁇ protein
- TNF tumor necrosis factor
- TNF tumor necrosis factor
- TGF- ⁇ TGF- ⁇
- Patent Document 10 carcinoembryonic antigen
- Patent Document 11 immunosuppressive acidic protein
- the above-mentioned column usually has a filtering material or an adsorbing material (adsorbing carrier) for removing and adsorbing a target substance in the column, and various substances and shapes are used.
- a filtering material or an adsorbing material adsorbing carrier
- Patent Document 1 uses a nonwoven fabric in which fibers having a plurality of fiber diameters are mixed in order to eliminate clogging of blood cells.
- the control of blood cell removability due to the high bulk density of the nonwoven fabric itself is inadequate, and there is still a concern of an increase in pressure loss during blood circulation.
- Patent Document 2 in the adsorption carrier composed of cellulose acetate beads having a diameter of about 2 mm (Patent Document 2), although there is not much concern about pressure loss, the adsorption surface area cannot be increased, which is inefficient as an adsorption carrier. is there. Someday, reducing the particle size will lead to an increase in pressure loss, so it is difficult to adopt.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a force that adjusts the bulk density of the adsorption carrier to 0.05 to 0. 15gZcm 3 from the viewpoint of preventing clogging and maintaining the form-retaining property. There was a problem that the practical stability was low, especially the form stability was insufficient.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Hiromi Fujiwara, Tumor Immunology, p89-112, Chugai Medical, 1998
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-193468
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-5-168706
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-225515
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-237585
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-113097
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-172163
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-6-142196
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-339854
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-248950
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-310751
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-111834
- the first problem of the present invention is that cyto force-ins that remove cells such as granulocytes and monocytes and promote the activity of the remaining cells are also present in the remaining liquid components. It is to prevent it from remaining. To this end, we thought that these problems could be solved by giving the adsorbent the ability to remove abnormally increased site force-in simultaneously with cell removal. That is, the first object of the present invention is to provide a material that can be suitably used for simultaneous adsorption and simultaneous removal of cells and cytodynamic force-in, and to provide a blood treatment column using the same. Is.
- the present inventors have found that endotoxin that is present in body fluids and causes site force-in release, endotoxin adhering to the surface of granulocytes and monocytes, or excessive sites by endotoxin. It was found that it is important to improve the condition of endotoxin-containing blood by preventing the production of force-in.
- the first problem of the present invention is that (1) endotoxin in body fluid is directly adsorbed on an adsorbent and removed directly, and (2) granulocytes or monocytes are adsorbed. It also includes indirectly removing endotoxin adhering to leukocyte components such as granulocytes or monocytes from the blood. In addition, (3) removing the cytodynamic force attributed to the endotoxin to prevent an increase in the cytokine concentration in the blood is also included.
- the first object of the present invention described above can be suitably used for adsorption and removal of both endotoxin and cells such as granulocytes and monocytes and site-powered compounds. It also includes providing a high performance material and a high performance blood processing column using it.
- a second object of the present invention is to remove immunosuppressive substances involved in cancer cell proliferation.
- a second object is to provide a material that can remove leukocytes from body fluids to approach normal leukocyte balance and can safely circulate outside the body.
- the second object also includes providing a cancer therapeutic force packed with a material that adsorbs such an immunosuppressive substance, and treating cancer using the column.
- a third problem of the present invention is to ensure stable usability as a blood circulation column. That is, the present invention is more preferably excessive in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, except for cells present in blood, particularly activated leukocytes such as granulocytes and monocytes, cancer cells and the like.
- the third object is to provide an adsorption carrier that can remove the existing site force in, has a low pressure loss, and to provide the shape stability of the carrier itself without impairing the adsorption characteristics.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- An adsorbent having a zeta potential of 20 mV or more and adsorbing granulocytes, monocytes, and cytosine in blood.
- the site force in is Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), TNF-a
- IL-1 Interleukin 1
- IL-6 Interleukin-6
- IL-8 Interleukin-8
- IL-10 Interleukin-10
- TNF-a TNF-a
- TGF- transforming 'grouse' factor 'beta
- VEGF angiogenic growth factor
- IAP immunosuppressive acidic protein
- the adsorption rate of the coagulation factor ⁇ is 30% or less.
- V the adsorbent described in somewhere.
- the zeta potential is ⁇ 15 mV or more, and has a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) adsorption capacity of 90% or more in lvol% fetal calf serum (FCS) -dissolved physiological saline, described in (1) above Adsorbent.
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- the shape of the water-insoluble carrier is a bead shape, and the surface of the material has a protruding portion having a diameter of more than 3 m, (1) to (8), Adsorption material.
- a blood processing column obtained by filling a container with the adsorbent according to any one of (1) to (13).
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- the present invention has the following configuration.
- An adsorption carrier having at least a two-layer structure of a net and a nonwoven fabric.
- a blood processing column wherein the adsorption carrier according to any one of (1) and (5) is contained in a cylindrical container.
- leukocytes unnecessary for the human body such as excessively proliferated granulocytes and monocytes, and site force-in that transmits information to these cells are simultaneously removed, so that ulcerative colitis, clones are removed.
- an adsorbent and a blood treatment column useful for blood treatment and treatment in the case of diseases and autoimmune diseases.
- leukocytes unnecessary for the human body such as excessively proliferated granulocytes and monocytes, and site force-in for transmitting information to these cells are simultaneously removed, and leukocytes are activated.
- an adsorbent and a blood treatment column useful for blood treatment and treatment of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, autoimmune disease and the like are provided.
- an immunosuppressive substance such as TGF- ⁇ or immunosuppressive acidic protein can be selectively adsorbed directly from a body fluid with high efficiency, and at the same time, leukocytes in the body fluid can be removed.
- An adsorbent for cancer treatment and an extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment using the same are provided. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to treat advanced cancer or prolong the life and improve the quality of life of patients.
- an adsorption carrier that is excellent in shape stability with little pressure loss during blood circulation and can be suitably used for various blood treatment columns.
- adsorption carrier adsorbent
- this material is in the form of petri dishes, bottles, membranes, fibers, hollow fibers, granular materials or molded products such as assemblies, and is used for affine-tick column, therapeutic blood column, especially extracorporeal circulation column. Can be suitably used.
- the basic configuration of the adsorbent is preferably one in which a functional group is immobilized on a water-insoluble carrier, or a substrate in which a water-insoluble carrier in which a functional group is immobilized is coated.
- the water-insoluble carrier used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is insoluble in water and can fix a functional group. From the viewpoint of biocompatibility, polyamides such as polypropylene and polyethylene, which are preferred for olefin resins, and polyesters represented by polyethylene terephthalate are preferred!
- the adsorbent of the present invention recognizes sialic acid and phosphoric acid on glycoproteins on the cell surface, and recognizes sialic acid and phosphoric acid on sugar chains bound to site force in, etc.
- a higher zeta potential is preferable.
- Conventional polymer materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate have a negative zeta potential, which is approximately -30 mV. Therefore, the present inventors have specified a specific functional group, For example, by fixing a quaternary ammonium salt and Z or a linear amino group, when the zeta potential was set to 20 mV or more, it was found that these adsorption characteristics were good, and the present invention Reached.
- the zeta potential is -15 mV or more
- the adsorption property for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is further improved, so the effect is higher when it is preferably 10 mV or more, and more preferably 12 mV or more.
- LPS is a toxin generally possessed by gram-negative bacteria, as described later. LPS binds to receptor proteins such as TLR-4 on leukocytes and is active in activating the protein. Elimination of granulocytes, monocytes, and cytodynamic force-in can reduce abnormal conditions caused by them.For example, if LPS that has entered bacteria at inflammatory sites or ulcer sites remains, the patient's condition There is a risk that it will fall into an abnormal state again even though it has shifted to a state close to the normal state.
- the adsorbent of the present invention By providing the adsorbent of the present invention with a preferable mechanism for removing LPS at the same time as the ability to adsorb leukocytes and cytosines, it is efficient in cases of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, autoimmune disease, etc. Useful for blood treatment and treatment. In addition, by using such a multifunctional adsorbent, it is possible to achieve a compact treatment column.
- the zeta potential means the zeta potential on the surface of the adsorbent.
- the surface zeta potential can be obtained by calculation by measuring the streaming potential, the pressure applied to flow the liquid, and the specific conductivity of the liquid with a streaming potential measuring device.
- the adsorbent of the present invention preferably has a zeta potential of -20 mV or more, more preferably 15 mV or more, and particularly preferably 2 mV or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 mV or less from the viewpoint of preventing red blood cell hemolysis and the like.
- the shape of the water-insoluble carrier is not particularly limited! From the viewpoint of processability and pressure loss when used as a blood treatment column, the fiber, membrane, hollow fiber or It is preferably in the form of beads. Of course, these combinations do not work.
- the adsorbent in the present invention has the ability to adsorb granulocytes, monocytes and cytoplasmic ins in blood, in particular, the adsorption rate of granulocytes from blood is 50% or more, and The adsorption rate of monocytes is preferably 50% or more.
- the adsorption rate in the present invention is a blood cell.
- the blood cell volume before and after passage of blood once through a column packed with an adsorbent is measured by a blood cell analyzer and can be obtained from the following equation. Conditions such as column size, shape, and blood passage speed can be determined as appropriate according to the embodiment.
- Adsorption rate (%) [(Blood volume in blood before column passage) (Blood after column passage) Blood volume in the middle)] Z (Blood volume in the blood before passing through the column) X loo
- the adsorbent of the present invention has an action of adsorbing blood cells, but may further have a filtering action.
- the calculation target of the adsorption rate includes not only blood cells removed from the blood by adsorption but also blood cells removed by filtration.
- the adsorbent of the present invention as a water-insoluble carrier.
- the diameter (size) of the protrusions on the surface (hereinafter referred to as fiber diameter) exceeds 3 m.
- the fiber diameter is more preferably 4 m or more, and further preferably 4.5 m or more, in order to suppress the adsorption and removal rate of lymphocytes.
- the fiber diameter is 5 m or more.
- the fiber diameter is preferably 20 m or less.
- a fiber having a larger diameter is mainly used for purposes other than removal of blood cells, that is, for the purpose of maintaining the strength of the adsorbent at a certain level or more. May be mixed (referred to as fiber B.) o
- the diameter of the fiber B to be applied is not limited to this, and the fiber diameter of the fiber B is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. If it is less than 10 ⁇ m, the strength maintenance effect, which is the main purpose of mixing fiber B, may not be expected. If it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, mixing with fiber A becomes difficult.
- Lymphocyte removal rate (adsorption rate using the adsorbent of the present invention) is a decrease in memory cells. 40% or less is also preferable because it is difficult to be connected to the network. Furthermore, it is preferably 30% or less from the viewpoint of safety.
- the adsorbent of the present invention is preferably an adsorbent obtained by immobilizing a quaternary ammonium salt and Z or a linear amino group as a functional group on the water-insoluble carrier.
- the reactive functional groups for fixing the quaternary ammonium salt and Z or linear amino group to the water-insoluble carrier include halomethyl group, haloacetyl group, haloacetamidomethyl group, halogenated alkyl group.
- Active halogen groups such as epoxide groups, carboxyl groups, isocyanic acid groups, thioisocyanic acid groups, acid anhydride groups, etc. Especially, active halogen groups, especially haloacetyl groups, are easy to produce.
- the quaternary ammonium salt having a moderately high reactivity and Z or linear amino group fixing reaction can be carried out under mild conditions, and the resulting covalent bond is chemically stable, which is preferable. .
- the functional group to be immobilized is preferably a quaternary ammonium salt and Z or a linear amino group, which are ammonia and a primary to tertiary amino group chemically bonded to the polymer. It means the one in the state.
- the primary to tertiary amino group in terms of the number of carbon atoms, those having 18 or less carbon atoms per nitrogen atom are preferable for improving the reaction rate.
- a fixed hum group is superior in terms of site force-in adsorption.
- tertiary amino groups include trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylhexylamine, N, N-dimethyloctylamine, N, N-dimethyllaurylamine, N-methyl- N—ethylhexylamine and the like.
- Examples of the compound having a linear amino group include tetraethylenepentamine.
- the density of the bond between the quaternary ammonium salt and the Z or linear amino group in the present invention varies depending on the chemical structure and use of the water-insoluble carrier, but if it is too small, the function does not tend to occur. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the physical strength of the carrier after immobilization tends to deteriorate and the function as an adsorbent tends to decrease, so the density is 0.01 to 2. 0 Monole, more preferably ⁇ or 0.1-1.0 Monoreca good!
- the iodination power As a method for immobilizing quaternary ammonium salts and ⁇ or linear amino groups (quaternization), the iodination power A reaction using a catalyst as a catalyst is often used, but it is possible to use a known method without being limited thereto.
- the site force in which the adsorbent of the present invention is adsorbed is interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10).
- IL-1 interleukin 1
- IL-6 interleukin 6
- IL-8 interleukin 8
- IL-10 interleukin 10
- Tumor necrosis factor 1 X
- TGF- ⁇ Tumor necrosis factor 1
- TGF- ⁇ transforming 'grouse' factor 1 'beta
- VEGF angiogenic growth factor
- ⁇ immunosuppressive acidic protein
- At least one type of site force in. are all pathological conditions in immune diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Such as site power-in that has been pointed out to be involved.
- a quaternary ammonium salt to be fixed and a salt or linear amino group may be appropriately selected.
- interleukin 1 IL-1
- interleukin 6 IL-6
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor ⁇ ⁇ beta
- VEGF angiogenic growth factor
- immunosuppressive acidic protein ⁇
- interleukin-8 interleukin-8
- interleukin-10 interleukin-10
- tumor necrosis factor-1 ⁇ TNF-a
- IL-8 interleukin-8
- IL-10 interleukin-10
- TNF-a tumor necrosis factor-1 ⁇
- a plurality of types of functional groups can be combined and fixed. For example, both a quaternary ammonium salt and a linear amino group can be used. The use of a combination of a plurality of types of functional groups is preferred because it allows a wider range of types of site force in to be adsorbed, and there are also advantages such as enhancing the desired site force in adsorption characteristics.
- the evaluation of the adsorptive / removability of these site force-ins is based on a measurement using an EIA method (enzyme immunoassay) using all natural proteins. (Condition is shaken at 37 ° C for 2 hours to allow notch adsorption.)
- the adsorption rate measured by the batch adsorption method shown in the examples is preferably 50% or more. .
- the adsorption rate is 60% or more in order to reduce the influence on the remaining cells.
- IL 1 preferably has an adsorption power of 0% or more measured by the batch adsorption method shown in the Examples.
- an adsorption rate of 50% or more is preferred to reduce the effect on the remaining cells.
- the shape of the adsorbent is not particularly limited, but when used as a column, beads, fibers, hollow fibers, and fiber structures such as knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Preferred. If the water-insoluble carrier alone can retain its form, it can be used alone. If the form-retaining property is low, it can be fixed to an appropriate substrate by a method such as coating, or mixed with other adsorbents to form a single carrier. It can also be used as a column. Operations such as fixing or mixing may be performed before processing into the above shape.
- the shape is particularly preferably a non-woven fabric.
- the bulk density of the nonwoven fabric since too large eyes Dzumarishi and soon too small Conversely form stability becomes poor, good be 0. 02gZcm 3 or even preferred instrument in is 0. 02gZcm 3 or more It is more preferably 0.05 g / cm 3 or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.15 gZcm 3 or less.
- the nonwoven fabric used in the present invention may be made of a single fiber, but is particularly preferably made of sea-island type composite fiber. That is, after making a non-woven fabric by a known method using a strong composite fiber, the non-woven fabric is dissolved after needle punching to improve shape retention and to adjust the bulk density. Therefore, it can be manufactured easily.
- a non-woven fabric in the case of taking the form of a non-woven fabric, it can have a two-layer structure with a net as will be described later.
- it may have a structure in which the net is wrapped with a non-woven fabric.
- the material is hydrophobic fibers, that is, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, and fluorinated polymers such as teflon. is there.
- hydrophobic fibers that is, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, and fluorinated polymers such as teflon.
- a quaternary ammonium salt that can be used alone and a Z or linear amino group are fixed
- suitable polymers to be converted include poly (p-phenylene ether sulfonate): ⁇ (p—CH 2) —SO 2 — (pC H) —O— ⁇ n— and Udel 'polysulfone: 1 ⁇ (
- Sulfone polymers polyetherimides, polyimides, polyamides, polyethers, polyethylene sulfides, polystyrenes, acrylic polymers, etc. that have reactive functional groups that can fix amino groups covalently are used.
- polysulfone polymers are preferably used because of their high stability and good shape retention.
- Specific examples include chloracetamidomethylated polystyrene to which the above-mentioned reactive functional group is bonded, chloracetamidomethylated Udel polysulfone, chloracetamidomethylated polyetherimide, and the like.
- chloracetamidomethylated polystyrene to which the above-mentioned reactive functional group is bonded
- chloracetamidomethylated Udel polysulfone chloracetamidomethylated polyetherimide
- those polymers that are soluble in organic solvents are particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of moldability.
- the adsorbent of the present invention is produced by molding a strong quaternary ammonium salt and a polymer having Z or a linear amino group, that is, a water-insoluble carrier itself into fibers, hollow fibers and beads.
- a base material such as a nonwoven fabric is coated with a quaternary ammonium salt and a polymer having Z or a linear amino group. You can also.
- the polymer is easily produced by dissolving the polymer in a solvent such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide, immersing the non-woven fabric in this solution, and then evaporating the solvent.
- a solvent such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide
- reaction solvent for fixing a quaternary ammonium salt and Z or a linear amino group to a water-insoluble carrier water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N Dimethylformamide, N, N dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like are preferably used.
- the adsorbent and blood treatment column of the present invention preferably do not reduce the activity of blood coagulation factor) (coagulation factor ⁇ ) upon blood treatment.
- blood coagulation factor ⁇ tends to decrease. Risk of bleeding tendency due to lack of factors.
- the adsorption rate of the blood coagulation factor sputum is 30% or less, it is more preferable that the force that can be used safely is 20% or less.
- the effective adsorption rate is calculated by calculating the ratio of the amount of carrier used to the volume of blood actually processed (in the present invention, blood means whole blood, plasma, serum, ascites, pleural effusion).
- the adsorbent and blood treatment column of the present invention may have a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) adsorption capacity of 90% or more in lvol% fetal calf serum (FCS) -dissolved physiological saline.
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- FCS fetal calf serum
- Lipopolysaccharide means a molecule containing the structure of lipid A, and typical LPS that can be present in blood includes toxins possessed by Gram-negative bacteria.
- Endotoxin when present in excess in blood, may cause excessive release of various site force-ins and acid peroxides such as cancer necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon from leukocytes.
- various site force-ins and acid peroxides such as cancer necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon from leukocytes.
- the adsorbent and blood processing capacity ram of the present invention further contribute to the activation of lymphocytes, particularly Thl type lymphocytes, by imparting LPS adsorption capacity to the adsorbent of the present invention.
- Interferon gamma production can be improved and is useful in immunostimulation therapy.
- the detailed mechanism of the activity of such lymphocytes is presumed to be caused by contact of blood cells in the treated blood with force-adsorbed LPS.
- the adsorption amount of LPS can be measured with a toxinometer manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries. After mixing a specified amount of LPS in physiological saline containing lvol% FCS and incubating for 4 hours in a 37 ° C water bath, the amount of LPS remaining in the supernatant was measured, and the same was measured with a toxinometer.
- the removal amount and removal rate can be determined from the difference and ratio of LPS in the measured additive solution.
- the amount to be removed is preferably lOOpgZmg or more, more preferably 200pgZmg or more.
- the ability to simultaneously adsorb granulocytes and Z or monocytes in the body fluid of the present invention and cyto force-in, and LPS adsorption ability in 1% F CS-dissolved physiological saline, combines different adsorbents.
- the adsorbents may be packed together in a force ram, or may be packed in separate columns to form a cassette type.
- the cassette type it is more convenient to use a single unit where compactness tends to be sacrificed. Note that there is no need to consider this as a limitation, and it is possible to appropriately select a form according to need.
- the blood processing column of the present invention can be produced by filling a column container with the adsorbent of the present invention.
- a well-known blood processing column container can be used as the column container.
- the column is composed of a column in which an adsorbent is formed into a flat plate and packed with the adsorbent, and a cylindrical filter in which the adsorbent is wound in a cylindrical shape, with a blood inlet and a blood outlet at both ends.
- a hollow cylindrical filter in which a column and an adsorbent material are wrapped in a cylindrical shape is housed in a cylindrical container having a blood inlet and a blood outlet with both ends sealed.
- a column is provided in which the blood outlet of the container communicates with the outer peripheral part of the hollow cylindrical filter, and the blood outlet of the container is provided in a part communicated with the inner peripheral part of the hollow cylindrical filter.
- the column using a cylindrical hollow filter is a large force of inflammatory leukocytes in the blood.It is quickly removed by a large area nonwoven fabric around the outer periphery of the cylindrical filter, and the small amount left unremoved. Inflammatory leukocytes also reach the inner periphery of the cylindrical filter, and even a non-woven fabric with a small area is sufficiently removed, so that efficient removal of inflammatory leukocytes is most preferable.
- the adsorbent of the present invention when the adsorbent of the present invention is made of a nonwoven fabric, in preparing an extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment, it has a two-layer structure with a net as described later, preferably a structure in which the net is wrapped with a nonwoven fabric. Shaped by winding it in a cylindrical shape, etc. It is possible to improve state retention.
- the blood processing column of the present invention can be used for leukocyte removal therapy and immunostimulation therapy.
- blood leukocytes in blood particularly granules
- the number of spheres decreases and the number of lymphocytes increases.
- the blood processing column of the present invention has a function of correcting the immune state.
- patients with advanced cancer have increased granulocytes and decreased lymphocytes, and their immune status is suppressed.
- the status returns to normal. It is corrected. This effect does not last for a long time after extracorporeal circulation. After about one week, granulocyte increase and lymphocyte decrease tend to occur again. Therefore, treatment once a week is desired.
- the adsorbent of the present invention can be used for cancer treatment, and the present invention also provides such an adsorbent for cancer treatment. Subsequently, the cancer treatment adsorbent of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- an immune function-suppressing protein refers to a protein that suppresses the immune function of a mammal and exists in the blood.
- TGF- ⁇ immunosuppressive acidic protein
- interleukin 10 TNF — Indicates ⁇ .
- the adsorbent of the present invention When the adsorbent of the present invention is used as an adsorbent for cancer treatment, the better the adsorbing ability, the better the blood that goes out of the body, as long as it adsorbs an immunosuppressive protein (immune function suppressing protein). I like it because the amount is small.
- an immunosuppressive protein immunosuppressive protein (immune function suppressing protein).
- latent TGF— latent transforming, growth factor, beta
- the adsorption capacity of the extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment is latent TGF- ⁇ , preferably lOOng or more per kilogram of body weight of the tumor-bearing mammal, and more than 250 ng in advanced cancer because the blood concentration is high. It is desirable that The adsorption capacity of the column is obtained by multiplying the latent TG F- ⁇ equilibrium adsorption amount per gram of the adsorbent by the column packing amount in grams.
- the latent TGF- ⁇ equilibrium adsorption amount in the present invention refers to 30 mg of a cancer treatment adsorbent added to 1 mL of serum of a tumor bearing rat, shaken at 37 ° C for 4 hours, and TGF- in the supernatant. A value obtained by measuring the concentration and dividing the concentration difference before and after adsorption by the weight of adsorbent for cancer treatment (0.03 g). It is.
- 8 concentration in the supernatant should be determined by enzyme immunoassay using anti-TGF-antibody after pretreatment of the sample serum with acid to convert latent TGF- ⁇ to free TGF- ⁇ . Can do.
- TGF- ⁇ it is preferably 40% or more under the conditions of the batch adsorption method described in the examples. Furthermore, an adsorption rate of 50% or more is preferable in order to reduce the influence on the immunosuppressive effect.
- a commercially available analysis kit can be used to measure the TGF-
- TGF- ⁇ , TGF- ⁇ 1, TGF-j82, TGF-j81.2, TGF- ⁇ 4, TGF- ⁇ 5, etc. are known to have a superfamily with different sequences. In particular, these amino acid sequences have similar homology when adsorbed on adsorbents.
- the properties of TGF- ⁇ are basically represented by the properties of TGF- ⁇ 1, and a TGF- ⁇ 1 measurement kit is widely used for quantification.
- the cancer-bearing mammal in the present invention means a terrestrial mammal such as human, monkey, cow, horse, dog, cat, pig, sheep, etc., which has a tumor.
- Such an adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention can be used as an extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment.
- the amount of the material that adsorbs the immunosuppressive protein packed in the column is preferably 0.05 g or more and 3.5 g or less per 1 kg body weight of the cancer-bearing mammal.
- the adsorbent for cancer treatment and the extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment of the present invention can simultaneously adsorb and remove leukocytes such as condylar and monocytes that have increased in blood.
- leukocytes such as condylar and monocytes that have increased in blood.
- granulocytes and monocytes it is desirable to have a high removal performance, and it is more preferable to have a removal rate of 35% or more, preferably 50% or more in the removal evaluation at the in vitro mouth.
- the adsorption rate of both granulocytes and monocytes is 50% or more. These granulocytes and monocytes are removed by adsorption. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately select the form of the adsorbent for cancer treatment.
- the adsorbent for cancer treatment is preferably in the form of fibers (including composite yarns, spun yarns, etc., and may be short fibers or long fibers), membranes, hollow fibers or beads.
- the fiber can be used as a fiber structure (woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, cotton-like, etc.) as appropriate.
- a non-woven fabric when taking the form of a non-woven fabric, it can have a two-layer structure with a net as will be described later, and in particular a structure in which the net is wrapped with a non-woven fabric. By adopting such a structure, it is possible to improve the form retention when the column is formed by winding it in a cylindrical shape or the like.
- the fiber diameter of the fibers, hollow fibers or the diameter (size) of the protrusions on the surface of the bead particles (fiber diameter, etc.) should be 3 m. It is preferable to exceed. In particular, if the diameter is smaller than this, the adsorption and removal of lymphocytes increases, which leads to the removal of memory cells, which is not preferable.
- the fiber diameter is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or more, in order to suppress the lymphocyte adsorption / removal rate.
- the fiber diameter is 5 m or more.
- the fiber diameter exceeds 8 m, the removal rate of granulocytes and monocytes tends to decrease, and when the fiber diameter exceeds 10 m, the removal rate of granulocytes and monocytes decreases. It is not preferable. Since it further decreases when it is 20 m or more, it is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less for practical use.
- the diameter of the fiber structure or the like mixed for the purpose other than the removal of blood cells is not limited to this.
- fiber A for the purposes other than blood cell removal, that is, for the purpose of keeping the strength of the adsorbent above a certain level, a fiber having a larger diameter is used as a fiber structure or the like.
- the diameter of the strong fiber B is not limited to this, and the diameter of the fiber B is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. If it is less than 10 ⁇ m, the strength maintenance effect, which is the main purpose of fiber B mixing, may not be expected. If it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, mixing with fiber A becomes difficult.
- the removal rate of lymphocytes is preferably 40% or less, which is less likely to lead to a decrease in the memory cell, and is also preferable from the viewpoint of safety. Or less than 30%. Especially in advanced and terminal cancers, the number of lymphocytes in the blood has decreased. Therefore, 20% or less is more preferable.
- Preparation of the extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment of the present invention is accomplished by filling the column container with the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention.
- the form of the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention can employ forms such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a cotton-like shape, a hollow fiber, and a bead as described above.
- the shape of the container is not particularly limited, and those conventionally used for extracorporeal circulation columns can be adopted, but a cylindrical shape is common.
- the form of the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention is particularly a non-woven fabric, and a two-layer structure with a net as described later, preferably the net is wrapped with a non-woven fabric.
- the shape retention can be enhanced by filling a cylindrically wound one.
- the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention includes a water-insoluble polymer having a hydrophilic amine residue bound thereto. Preparation of a water-insoluble polymer to which a hydrophilic amine residue is bonded is achieved by reacting a water-insoluble carrier with a hydrophilic amine in a solvent.
- water-insoluble carrier examples include poly (aromatic vinyl compounds) represented by polystyrene, poly (P-phenylene ether sulfone), and — ⁇ (p— CH) — C (CH) ⁇ ( p
- Examples include polysulfone polymers such as polyetherimide, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, etc., which have a reactive functional group for immobilizing hydrophilic amines. It is done.
- Reactive functional groups for immobilizing hydrophilic amines include active neurogen groups such as halomethyl groups, haloacetyl groups, haloacetamidomethyl groups, and halogenated alkyl groups, epoxide groups, carboxyl groups, isocyanate groups, and thioisocyanates. Examples include acid groups and acid anhydride groups.
- water-insoluble polymer examples include chloracetamidomethyl polystyrene, chloracetamidomethylated Udel polysulfone, chloracetamidomethylated polyetherimide and the like. Furthermore, if these polymers are soluble in organic solvents, there is an advantage that they are easy to mold.
- the hydrophilic amine residue as used in the present invention means one having a state in which a hydrophilic amine capable of being dissolved in water or chemically dissolved in water is chemically bonded to a polymer. Furthermore, as a hydrophilic amine that forms a hydrophilic amine residue, in terms of carbon number, 18 or more carbon atoms per nitrogen atom. The one below is equivalent to this.
- a fourth ammonium group is also obtained, which can also give a tertiary amine group having an alkyl group of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, particularly 4 to 14 carbon atoms per nitrogen atom. What you did is excellent.
- Specific examples of such tertiary amines include trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylhexylamine, N, N-dimethyloctylamine, N, N-dimethyllaurylamine, N— Examples include methyl-N-ethylhexylamine.
- those containing a hydroxyl group or an ether group in which the alkyl group constituting the hydrophilic amine is a hydrophilic group such as N, N-dimethyl-6-hydroxyhexylamine and N, N-dimethyl-4-methoxybutylamine.
- Etc. can also be preferably used as the hydrophilic amine.
- the bond density of the hydrophilic amine residue in the present invention varies depending on the chemical structure of the water-insoluble polymer, but if it is too small, its function tends not to be expressed. Since the physical strength of the water-insoluble polymer deteriorates and the function as an adsorbent tends to decrease, the density is more preferably 0.01 to 2.0 monoles per mole of the repeating unit of the water-insoluble polymer. ⁇ MA 0. 1-1.
- the surface area of the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention is preferably 0.1 square meters or more per gram of the adsorbent, more preferably 0.3 square meters or more. However, it cannot be made infinitely large, so there is a practical limit, and 10 square meters or less is preferable. This surface area can be determined by mercury porosimetry.
- the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention is obtained by molding a water-insoluble polymer having a hydrophilic amine residue bonded thereto into a form of a film, fiber, granule or the like, or water having a hydrophilic amine residue bonded thereto.
- a water-insoluble polymer having a hydrophilic amine residue bonded thereto into a form of a film, fiber, granule or the like, or water having a hydrophilic amine residue bonded thereto.
- the insoluble polymer is coated on a substrate having a form such as a membrane, fiber, or granular material, or a hydrophilic amine residue is bonded to a molded product such as a film, fiber, or granular material of a water-insoluble polymer. Etc. can be obtained.
- a heterogeneous reaction method in which a water-insoluble polymer molded product is brought into contact with a hydrophilic amine solution and a water-insoluble polymer are produced.
- a homogenous reaction method in which a solution of this solution and a hydrophilic amine solution are mixed and reacted, and then molded.
- a molded product such as a fiber or hollow fiber of chloracetamidomethylated polysulfone is converted into dimethylhexylamine or polyalkylene.
- reaction solvent a highly polar solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has an advantage that the reaction proceeds faster.
- the solvent can dissolve the hydrophilic amine.
- a solvent in which both the water-insoluble carrier and the hydrophilic amine are dissolved, specifically tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N— Methyl pyrrolidone or the like is preferably used.
- a method of surface-treating the molded product is also possible, and for this purpose, a solvent that dissolves the hydrophilic amine without dissolving the polysulfone, such as water, methanol, or ethanol, is preferably used.
- a wet coating method in which a solvent dissolved in a solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide is introduced into a poor solvent for a polymer such as water can also be used.
- the polymer of the molded article to be coated may be anything as long as it has good adhesion to the water-insoluble polymer bonded with the hydrophilic amine residue in the present invention, such as polyamide, polyurethane, polyimide, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, and polyester.
- amide polymers such as nylon and polyetherolimide are preferably used because of their particularly good adhesion.
- a hollow fiber as the fiber to be used in the form of the molded product or the base material.
- an adsorbent having a filtration function can be produced, there is an advantage that immunosuppressive substances and leukocytes can be removed while using as an artificial dialyzer or a plasma separator.
- the extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment of the present invention is used to suppress cancer progression of cancer-bearing patients and to improve the quality of life (hereinafter referred to as QOL) of cancer patients. Used to treat extracorporeal circulation in patients with advanced cancer.
- the adsorbent for cancer treatment of the present invention can also be used for the purpose of removing immunosuppressive proteins when returning blood that has been bleeding during cancer excision surgery.
- the present invention also provides an adsorbent (adsorbent carrier) formed by combining a non-woven fabric including the adsorbent described above in a preferred form with a net. That is, the present invention also provides an adsorbent (adsorbent carrier) having at least a two-layer structure of a net and a nonwoven fabric, which will be described in detail below.
- the present invention selectively removes both of the above-mentioned problems, that is, cells such as leukocytes and cancer cells excessively present in blood and physiologically active substances such as cyto force-in simultaneously and with high efficiency.
- the adsorbents that can be safely circulated outside the body have been intensively studied, and the problem with the adsorbents of the prior art is that the bulk density is too large, and even if a non-woven fabric with a small bulk density is simply obtained, the shape is maintained. It was achieved by paying attention to the fact that it would eventually cause clogging without sex. In other words, we succeeded in making the bulk density smaller and the shape stability than in the prior art.
- biologically active substances include proteins derived from organisms such as chemotactic factors, antibodies, complements, lymphokines, and other humoral factors, lipids, carbohydrates, hormones, etc.
- substances selected as targets for removal and treatment purposes for structural analysis and pattern analysis are targeted.
- bacteria, bacterial toxins, viruses, etc. that have adverse effects on the living body are also treated as physiologically active substances.
- the cells are mainly blood cells, cancerous cells, etc., and the substances appearing in exudates such as blood, lymph, ascites and pleural effusion are targeted.
- the cultured cells, yeasts and bacteria in the research are also targeted.
- polyamide, polyester, polyacrylo-tri A known polymer such as a polyethylene polymer, polyethylene, or polypropylene can be used. A single yarn of these polymers or a core-sheath type, sea-island type, or side-by-side type composite yarn does not matter. In addition, even if the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is a circular cross-section or other irregular cross-section, it does not matter.
- a known nonwoven fabric production method for example, a wet method, a carding method, an air lay method, a spun bond method, a melt process method or the like can be used.
- the diameter of the fibers constituting the strong nonwoven fabric should be determined in consideration of the intended adsorption performance. For example, in order to remove granulocytes, those exceeding 3 m are preferable, and those having a diameter of 4 ⁇ m or more are more preferable, and those having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m are more preferable.
- a nonwoven fabric in which thicker fibers are mixed at the same time can be used.
- a fiber of 0.5 to 4 / ⁇ ⁇ it can be suitably used for removing lymphocytes.
- fibers less than 0.5 m are used, it is possible to increase the removal efficiency of physiologically active substances.
- the diameter shown here is not only applicable to a cylindrical shape, but also applies to, for example, an ellipse, a rectangle, or a polygon.
- the area of the figure formed by connecting the outermost layers is obtained, and the diameter of the circle corresponding to the area is obtained. For example, taking a star shape with five protrusions as an example, consider the figure connecting the five vertices, calculate the area, and let the diameter of the corresponding circle be the diameter referred to in the present invention.
- U is preferred as the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, and the embodiment is the form of the nonwoven fabric among the adsorbents that adsorb granulocytes, monocytes and cyto force-ins described above, and the adsorbent for cancer treatment. Can be mentioned.
- the above-described nonwoven fabric can be combined with a net to form a laminated structure.
- a two-layer structure of a nonwoven fabric and a net may be used, but it is more preferable to take a shape in which a net is sandwiched between nonwoven fabrics, that is, a nonwoven fabric-net-nonwoven sandwich structure (three-layer structure).
- a nonwoven fabric-net-nonwoven sandwich structure three-layer structure
- the material for the net in the present invention known polymers such as polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile-based polymer, polyethylene, and polypropylene can be used. See below As described above, when the organic synthetic reaction for introducing the functional group is performed after being integrated with the nonwoven fabric, the material may be appropriately selected according to the type of solvent used and the reaction temperature. In particular, polypropylene is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of biocompatibility.
- the net is preferably formed of a single yarn (monofilament).
- a single yarn it is easy to maintain the mechanical strength of one yarn.
- the configuration of the net is not particularly limited, and a knot network, a knotless network, a Raschel network, or the like can be used.
- a material forming a net for example, one in which a portion where single yarns intersect is joined can be suitably used.
- an adsorbent carrier having improved shape retention and handling properties compared to a net that is not joined without movement of constituent materials such as single yarn.
- the constituent single yarns may be joined.
- As a bonding method there are knots, adhesion by heat, and the like. However, the method by heat adhesion is preferable because the thickness can be controlled easily and inexpensively.
- the shape of the gap (mesh) of the net is not particularly limited, and various shapes such as a rectangle such as a rectangle, a rhombus, and a turtle shell can be used. Among them, a quadrangular shape, particularly a rectangular shape is preferable because strength and handling properties when a nonwoven fabric is laminated are improved. Furthermore, the positional relationship of the net component with respect to the non-woven fabric is determined so that, for example, when the net void shape is a quadrangle, the angle is 90 degrees ⁇ 10 degrees with respect to the major axis or minor axis direction of the non-woven fabric. Further, the strength and handling performance when the nonwoven fabrics are laminated are further improved.
- the diameter of the single yarn constituting the net is preferably not less than 50 m and not more than 1 mm, and similarly the thickness of the net is not less than 50 / z m and not more than 1.2 mm. A larger range is possible, but the amount of the adsorbent per unit volume is reduced, which is not preferable.
- the net By using the net, form retention can be imparted to the nonwoven fabric, and an adsorbent carrier having a stable form can be obtained even when the bulk density is small. Since the net itself affects the pressure loss, it is desirable that the net has as large an opening as possible. During 100 m m 2 is for this purpose, particularly preferably it is desirable tool having a 10 mm 2 or more gaps, as having an opening of about 3mm square, shape retention also becomes excellent, it can be suitably used. [0089] The thickness of the adsorbent is not limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 10 cm or less for handling.
- the thickness is preferably lcm or less because it is wound around a central pipe. These are determined by the handling method.
- the bulk density of the adsorbent having a two-layer structure of the net and the nonwoven fabric in the present invention 0.1 02-0. 1 more preferably it is preferred instrument 5gZcm a 3 0. 05-0. 15gZcm 3 Some are used.
- the bulk density is increased, the ability to filter large substances such as leukocytes and cells is improved. If the bulk density is too large, clogging easily occurs during blood circulation, so the above range is preferable.
- Those exceeding 15 gZcm 3 are intentionally configured according to the present invention, that is, the morphological stability is maintained with the nonwoven fabric alone without taking the laminated structure of the net and the nonwoven fabric, but of course the bulk density exceeding 0.1 gZcm 3 in the present invention.
- the bulk density can be measured as follows, for example. After the adsorbent is cut into a 3 cm square, the thickness of the adsorbent when a 1 mm thick polypropylene plate is placed is measured 5 times, and the average value is taken as the thickness. The bulk density is obtained by dividing the weight of this small piece by the volume, and this is carried out with 5 samples, and the average value is taken as the bulk density.
- leukocytes, cancer cells, etc. can be removed mainly by the nonwoven fabric portion by adsorption and filtration. Furthermore, by appropriately selecting the material and fiber diameter of the non-woven fabric part, it is possible to adsorb and remove physiologically active substances such as cytodynamic force in addition to these leukocytes and cancer cells. In order to efficiently adsorb and remove physiologically active substances such as cytodynamic force in addition to leukocytes and cancer cells, it is preferable to introduce and immobilize specific functional groups on the adsorption carrier.
- Adsorption / removal of physiologically active substances such as site force-in can be achieved without introducing specific functional groups by appropriately selecting the materials that make up the adsorption carrier, especially the nonwoven fabric part. By introducing the functional group, the physiologically active substance can be adsorbed more efficiently.
- the fibers forming the nonwoven fabric are particularly preferably made from multi-core sea-island type composite fibers such as polypropylene as the core and polystyrene as the sheath.
- the combination of the materials is particularly preferable as long as the spinning property is good.
- the use of polystyrene for the sheath makes it easier to introduce functional groups into the sheath structure, which is particularly preferable.
- the amidomethyl ester method is suitable. By using, a functional group having an amino group can be easily introduced.
- cyclic peptides such as polypropylene as the core and polystyrene as the sheath.
- cyclic peptide residues having amino groups polyalkyleneimine residues, benzylamino groups, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkylamino groups can be used.
- a cyclic peptide residue having an amino group, a polyalkyleimine residue, and more preferably a cyclic peptide residue having an amino group may have high adsorption performance for a physiologically active substance.
- the cyclic peptide having an amino group is a cyclic peptide having an amino acid strength of 2 or more and 50 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 16 or less, and one or more in the side chain thereof.
- polymyxin B, polymyxin E, colistin, gramicidin S, or alkyl or acyl derivatives thereof can be used.
- the polyalkyleneimine residue referred to in the present invention is a polyalkylenimine represented by polyethyleneimine, polyhexamethylenimine and poly (ethyleneimine'decamethyleneimine) copolymer or its A part of the nitrogen atom is alkylated with a halogenated hydrocarbon represented by n xyl bromide, n-de-rubromide, n -stearyl bromide, alone or as a mixture, or butyric acid, valeric acid, lauryl It means that which has been acylated with a fatty acid such as acid, myristic acid, lenolenic acid, stearyl acid.
- a non-woven fabric and a net prepared separately in advance are bonded to a known web such as a thermal bond method, a calendar method, a needle punch method, There is a method of making a laminated structure.
- a known web such as a thermal bond method, a calendar method, a needle punch method.
- a method of making a laminated structure Alternatively, in order to make a laminated structure, a cotton-like material with a pre-punching was prepared, and a net was sandwiched between them to punch the nonwoven fabric.
- There is a certain method of making an adsorbent carrier This method is simpler and preferred. It is also possible to superimpose pre-punched cotton on a single-sided net structure.
- the extracorporeal circulation column of the present invention can be produced by filling a container, particularly preferably a cylindrical container, with the adsorbent (adsorption carrier) having a two-layer structure of the net and the nonwoven fabric.
- the adsorption carrier is formed in a flat plate shape
- a hollow cylindrical filter made up of a cylindrical adsorbent carrier is housed in a cylindrical container having a blood inlet and a blood outlet in a state where both ends thereof are sealed.
- a column or the like is provided at a portion that communicates with the outer peripheral portion of the hollow cylindrical filter and a blood outlet of the container at a portion that communicates with the inner peripheral portion of the hollow cylindrical filter.
- most of the inflammatory leukocytes in the blood were quickly removed by the large area nonwoven fabric around the outer periphery of the cylindrical filter, and remained without being removed. Even a small amount of inflammatory leukocytes reaches the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical filter, and even a non-woven fabric with a small area is sufficiently removed, so that efficient inflammatory leukocyte removal is possible, which is most preferable.
- a nonwoven fabric with a sandwich structure is easily pulled strongly against the nonwoven fabric by creating the nonwoven fabric so that the longitudinal direction of the net single fiber is perpendicular to each cut surface of the nonwoven fabric. Strength can be imparted, and handling properties are improved even when the nonwoven fabric is spread on the core.
- the various adsorbents of the present invention described above can be used as blood processing columns such as extracorporeal circulation columns.
- an extracorporeal circulation column depending on the amount of adsorbent to be filled in the column container and the blood circulation rate, it is usually 150 to 1 after the start of the extracorporeal circulation with the living body for 1 to 2 hours. After 180 hours, an increase in the number of lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of granulocytes can be achieved compared to before the extracorporeal circulation. Therefore, the adsorbent and blood treatment column of the present invention are useful in leukocyte removal therapy and immunostimulation therapy.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Measurement of zeta potential
- the surface zeta potential is calculated by measuring the streaming potential, the pressure applied to flow the liquid, and the specific conductivity of the liquid using a streaming potential measurement device (ZP-10B (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)). Asked. The fluid was measured using ImM KC1 aqueous solution at pH 6 ⁇ l and temperature 20 ⁇ 5 ° C. [0100] (Site force in adsorption evaluation)
- Human fetal IL-1 and IL-6 were added to fetal calf serum and adjusted to 500 pg / ml.
- An adsorbent carrier was added to the serum, shaken at 37 ° C for 2 hours, and the supernatant was collected to prepare a sample.
- the 36 island sea-island composite fibers each of which is made of a core-sheath composite, were obtained using the following ingredients under spinning conditions of a spinning speed of 800 mZ and a draw ratio of 3 times.
- a nonwoven fabric was obtained by needle punching. Next, this non-woven fabric was treated with a 90 ° C. sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to form a copolymer polyester containing 3 wt% of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid as a copolymer component, with the sea component ethylene terephthalate unit as the main repeating unit.
- a nonwoven fabric having a core-sheath fiber diameter of 5 / zm and a bulk density of 0.05 g, cm 3 (total basis weight 250 gZm 2 ) was produced (nonwoven fabric 1).
- intermediate A1 was immersed in a solution of 50 g of N, N dimethylhexylamine and 8 g of potassium iodide in 360 mL of DMF, and heated in a 85 ° C bath for 3 hours.
- the fiber was washed with isopropanol, then immersed in ImolZL-concentrated saline, washed with water, and dried under vacuum to obtain 9.3 g of dimethyllauryl ammonia fiber (adsorbent A2).
- the zeta potential was 1.2 mV.
- Heparin was collected from 50 ml of healthy volunteer's blood, and human natural IL-1 and IL-6 were dissolved in it to make 500 pgZml.
- Adsorbent A1 and Adsorbent A2 were each packed in a column with an internal volume of 2 ml, and after circulating 25 ml of the blood at 37 ° C for 1 hour, the composition of the blood cells was examined with an automatic hematology analyzer. The amounts of IL-1 and IL-6 were quantified by EIA method. The adsorption rate was calculated from the difference between before and after circulation.
- the adsorbent A1 had a lymphocyte adsorption rate of 19.5%, a granulocyte adsorption rate of 78%, and a monocyte adsorption rate of 85%, and an IL 1 adsorption rate and an IL 6 adsorption rate of 37% and 32%, respectively.
- citrate plasma prepared using healthy volunteer blood showed a decrease in the activity of coagulation factor ⁇ (consigned measurement by the synthetic substrate method to SRL Co., Ltd. In the measurement of coagulation factor XIII below) This is also the case.) 12%.
- lymphocyte adsorption rate was 21%
- granulocyte adsorption rate was 75%
- monocyte adsorption rate was 83%
- IL 1 adsorption rate and IL 6 adsorption rate were 37% and 40%, respectively.
- a decrease in the activity of coagulation factor ⁇ was found to be 16%.
- the adsorption rates for adsorbent A1 were IL 1 and IL-6, 56% and 88%, respectively, and for adsorbent A2, the adsorption rates were IL-1 and IL- 6 was 74% and 93%, respectively.
- Example 1 Using the intermediate Al, the same test as in Example 1 was performed (blood volume was 25 ml). Lymphocyte adsorption rate was 19.5%, granulocyte adsorption rate was 78%, monocyte adsorption rate was 78%, IL 1 adsorption rate and IL-6 adsorption rate were 2% and 3%, respectively. Similarly, kennate plasma prepared from healthy volunteer blood V showed a decrease in coagulation factor ⁇ activity of 16%. Separately, the site force in adsorption evaluation was performed, and as a result, the adsorption rates for IL 1 and IL 6 were 12% and 13%, respectively.
- the present invention which is an adsorbent having a zeta potential of 20 mV or more, can adsorb granulocytes and monocytes in blood with high efficiency.
- site force-in can be adsorbed with high efficiency at the same time.
- a removal rate of about 1Z2 is obtained for circulation in the column.
- the lymphocyte adsorption rate is low and does not fluctuate with this range of fiber diameters, and granulocytes (neutrophils) and monocytes are removed. It was found that the range in which the rate can be maintained at a high rate of 50% or more in the column is a region where the fiber diameter exceeds about 3 ⁇ m.
- the surface zeta potential was measured under the same conditions as in Example 1 above.
- Cytoforce-in adsorption evaluation was carried out by adding human natural IL-1 and IL-6 to fetal calf serum, and adjusting to 500 pgZml each.
- An adsorbent carrier was added to the serum, shaken at 37 ° C for 2 hours, and the supernatant was collected to prepare a sample.
- the quantification was performed using the EIA method using a commercially available kit (IL-1: human IL-1 jS ELISA kit manufactured by R & D System, IL-6: manufactured by Kamakura Technoscience).
- Adsorbent-stimulated blood was obtained by passing it through a cylindrical column made of polypropylene having an internal volume of 2 ml and filled with 0.3 g of adsorbent using 10 ml of human volunteer blood at a blood flow rate of 2 mlZmin. Lymphocyte fractions were separated from each of the blood with and without passing through the column by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Stimulate the lymphocyte concentrate 8 hours after contact with the blood before contact with the adsorbent with 1-10 g of PHA (phytohemagglutinin—L: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and the concentration of interferon gamma before and after stimulation. was measured.
- PHA phytohemagglutinin—L: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the quantification was performed using a commercially available kit (human interferon gamma ELISA kit manufactured by ENDOGEN) using the EIA method. (Interferon gamma concentration after stimulation Z Interferon gamma concentration before stimulation) It was.
- the number of blood cells in the body fluid and the hematocrit value were measured using Sysmexne ⁇ XT-1800iV.
- the amount of LPS adsorbed was measured with a toxinometer manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries. lvol% FCS supplemented physiological saline LPS made by Wako Pure Chemicals (catalog number: 120-04531) is dispersed in saline to make lOngZml, and incubated with 300mg adsorbent for 4 hours at 37 ° C in a water bath. Went. The amount of LPS remaining in the supernatant was measured and similarly measured with a toxinometer. The removal amount and removal rate were determined from the difference and ratio with LPS in the additive solution. The standard value is that the removal rate is 90% or more, and the adsorption amount is LPS adsorption capacity of lOOpgZmg or more.
- the 36 island sea-island composite fibers each of which is made of a core-sheath composite, were obtained using the following ingredients under spinning conditions of a spinning speed of 800 mZ and a draw ratio of 3 times.
- a nonwoven fabric was obtained by needle punching.
- this non-woven fabric was treated with a 90 ° C aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to make the ethylene terephthalate unit of the sea component as the main repeating unit, and a copolymer containing 3 wt% of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid as the copolymer component.
- a non-woven fabric having a core-sheath fiber diameter of 4. and a bulk density of 0.03 g / cm 3 (total basis weight 200 g / m 2 ) was produced (non-woven fabric 1).
- intermediate A2 5 g was immersed in a solution of 50 g of N, N-dimethyloctylamine and 8 g of potassium iodide in 360 mL of methanol and heated in a 50 ° C. bath for 3 hours.
- the fiber was washed with isopropanol and then immersed in an ImolZL-concentrated saline solution, followed by washing with water and vacuum drying to obtain 8. lg of dimethyloctylammomonized fiber (adsorbent A3).
- the zeta potential was -0.3 mV.
- intermediate A3 was immersed in a solution of 50 g of N, N dimethylhexylamine and 8 g of potassium iodide in 360 mL of methanol, and heated in a bath at 50 ° C for 3 hours.
- the fiber was washed with isopropanol, dipped in an ImolZL-concentrated saline solution, washed with water, and vacuum-dried to obtain 7.3 g of dimethylhexylammonized fiber (adsorbent A4).
- the zeta potential was 2.2 mV.
- Heparin was collected from 50 ml of healthy volunteer's blood, and human natural IL-1 and IL-6 were dissolved in it to make 500 pgZml.
- Adsorbent A3 and Adsorbent A4 were each packed in a column with a volume of 2 ml, and after circulating 25 ml of the blood for 1 hour at 37 ° C, the composition of the blood cells was analyzed with an automated hematology analyzer (XT— 1800iV), and the amounts of IL-1 and IL-6 were quantified by the EIA method.
- Adsorbent A3 showed a 14.5% decrease in lymphocyte count, a 72% decrease in granulocytes, and a 82% decrease in monocytes, and IL-1 and IL-6 decreased by 33% and 52%, respectively.
- Adsorbent A4 showed a 21% decrease in lymphocyte count, a 75% decrease in granulocytes, and a 83% decrease in monocytes, and IL-1 and IL-6 decreased by 37% and 40%, respectively.
- the LPS removal rate was 98% for adsorbent A3 and 97% for adsorbent A4.
- the removal rate of adsorbent A3 was 56% and 88% for IL 1 and IL 6, respectively, and the removal rate of adsorbent A4 was 74% for IL 1 and IL 6, respectively. 93%.
- An extracorporeal circulation column was prepared by packing the adsorbent A3 in a polypropylene cylindrical column having 0.3 g, an inner diameter of 1 cm, and an internal volume of 2 mL.
- 12-week-old WKAH 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocarcinoma cells KDH—8 ⁇ Akira Yano, Hokkaido Medical Journal, 6-8-5, 654—664 (1993) ⁇ 1 X 10 6 vaccinated. Cancer cells had a 100% chance of engraftment.
- the extracorporeal circulation column is pre-washed with 1000 units of saline containing phosphate sodium before extracorporeal circulation. Further, it was washed with 500 mL of physiological saline and used.
- the extracorporeal circulation column was prewashed with 1000 units of physiological saline containing sodium phosphate and further washed with 500 mL of physiological saline. After extracorporeal circulation, sutures and other treatments were performed, blood was collected 160 hours later, and the number of condylar and lymphocytes was measured using an automated hematology analyzer. The number of granulocytes was 6700 ZL and the number of lymphocytes was 114 00. ZL with increased lymphocytes and decreased granulocytes compared to before treatment. The rats were reared for an additional 3 weeks and then extracorporeally circulated using the same procedure as 2 weeks after KDH cell inoculation.
- the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes before extracorporeal circulation was confirmed with an automated hematology analyzer.
- the number of granulocytes was 28000 Z ⁇ L, and the number of lymphocytes was 7400 ⁇ .
- Blood was collected 160 hours after extracorporeal circulation, and the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes was measured using an automated hematology analyzer.
- the number of granulocytes was 26700 ⁇ ⁇ L, and that of lymphocytes was 8400 ⁇ ⁇ L. Lymphocytes increased and granulocytes decreased. [0130] [Comparative Example 2]
- Example 8 The same test as in Example 8 was performed using intermediate A2 (blood volume was 25 ml). As a result, the number of lymphocytes decreased by 19.5%, granulocyte by 78% and monocyte by 78%, and IL-1 and IL-6 decreased by 2% and 3%, respectively. The LPS removal rate was 78%. Separately, as a result of site force-in adsorption evaluation, the removal rates were 12% and 13% for IL-1 and IL-6, respectively.
- Intermediate A2 was filled in a polypropylene cylindrical column of 0.3 g, an inner diameter of 1 cm, and an internal volume of 2 mL, and extracorporeal circulation was performed on rats two weeks after inoculation of KDH cells in the same manner as in Example 8.
- Blood was collected from the femoral artery and the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes before extracorporeal circulation was confirmed with an automated hematology analyzer.
- the number of granulocytes was 10300 Z ⁇ L and the number of lymphocytes was 8400 ⁇ . Procedures such as suturing were performed, blood was collected 160 hours later, and the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes was measured using an automated hematology analyzer. 15200 granulocytes and 8100 Z / z L Compared with before treatment, lymphocytes decreased and granulocytes increased.
- Interferon gamma production ability was evaluated using adsorbent A4 using human peripheral blood.
- the adsorbent was not treated, the interferon gamma concentration ratio was 20.4 times.
- the treatment increased 35.2 times, indicating that the immune activity was improved.
- intermediate A2 was used to evaluate the ability to produce interferon gamma.
- the interferon gamma concentration ratio was 20.1 times.
- the treatment increased 21.2 times, indicating that there was no change in immune activity.
- the 36 island sea-island composite fibers each of which is made of a core-sheath composite, were obtained using the following ingredients under spinning conditions of a spinning speed of 800 mZ and a draw ratio of 3 times.
- a nonwoven fabric was obtained by needle punching.
- this non-woven fabric was treated with a 90 ° C aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to make the ethylene terephthalate unit of the sea component as the main repeating unit, and a copolymer containing 3 wt% of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid as the copolymer component.
- a nonwoven fabric having a core-sheath fiber diameter of 4. and a bulk density of 0.03 g, cm 3 (total basis weight 200 g, m 2 ) was produced (nonwoven fabric A3).
- the fiber was thoroughly washed with methanol, washed with water, and dried to obtain 6.3 g of ⁇ -chloroacetamidomethylated polystyrene fiber (intermediate A3).
- the zeta potential was 26 mV and o
- intermediate A3 5 g was immersed in a solution of 50 g of N, N-dimethyloctylamine and 8 g of potassium iodide in 360 mL of methanol and heated in a 50 ° C. bath for 3 hours.
- the fiber was washed with isopropanol and then immersed in an ImolZL-concentrated saline solution, followed by washing with water and vacuum drying to obtain 6.8 g of dimethyloctylamine quaternized fiber (adsorbent A3).
- the zeta potential was-1 2.3 mV.
- Heparin was collected from 50 ml of healthy volunteer's blood, and human natural IL-1 and IL-6 were dissolved in it to make 500 pgZml.
- Adsorbent A3 showed a 10.5% decrease in lymphocyte count, a 61% decrease in granulocytes, and a 67% decrease in monocytes, and IL-1 and IL6 decreased by 24% and 38%, respectively.
- the LPS removal rate was 90% for adsorbent A3.
- the removal rate of adsorbent A3 was 44% and 61% for IL 1 and IL 6, respectively.
- the present invention which is an adsorbent having a zeta potential of 20 mV or more, can adsorb granulocytes and monocytes in blood with high efficiency. Furthermore, it was found that LPS adsorption and site force-in can be adsorbed at high efficiency at 15 mV or more. It was found that the change in the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes after extracorporeal circulation treatment changes to a ratio considered to be normal, although the mechanism is unknown.
- 8 concentration was determined using a human TGF- ⁇ 1 immunoassay kit from Zenzym 'Techne.
- the concentration of the immunosuppressive acidic protein was determined using a rat cage plate manufactured by Sanko Junyaku Co., Ltd.
- the albumin concentration was determined with albumin analysis test kit, which is an albumin analysis kit.
- Serum of 5 cancer-bearing rats was collected to prepare 30 mL of tumor-bearing rat serum. 50 mL of an adsorbent was added to 1 mL of this serum and shaken at 37 ° C for 4 hours. The TGF- concentration in the supernatant was measured, and the value obtained by dividing the concentration difference before and after adsorption by the adsorbent weight (0.05 g) was defined as TGF- equilibrium adsorption capacity.
- a nonwoven fabric was obtained by needle punching. Next, this non-woven fabric was treated with an aqueous 95 ° C sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours to make the ethylene terephthalate unit of the sea component the main repeating unit, and a copolymer containing 3 wt% of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid as the copolymer component.
- a nonwoven fabric having a core-sheath fiber diameter of 5 m and a bulk density of 0.07 g / cm 3 (total basis weight 250 gZm 2 ) was produced.
- intermediate C1 5 g was immersed in a solution of 50 g of ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyloctylamine and 8 g of potassium iodide in 360 mL of DMF, and heated in a bath at 85 ° C for 3 hours.
- the fiber was washed with isopropanol and then immersed in ImolZL-concentrated saline, followed by washing with water and vacuum drying to obtain 8.3 g of dimethyloctylammomonized fiber (adsorbent C1).
- intermediate C1 was immersed in a solution of 50 g of N, N-dimethylhexylamine and 8 g of potassium iodide in 360 mL of DMF, and heated in a bath at 85 ° C for 3 hours. After washing the fiber with isopropanol, it is immersed in ImolZL-concentrated saline, then washed with water and vacuum dried. As a result, 9.3 g of dimethyl lauryl ammoniated fiber (adsorbent C2) was obtained.
- non-woven fabric 1 was immersed in 50 mL of sulfuric acid in which 500 mg of paraformaldehyde was dissolved, heated at 95 ° C for 1 hour, washed with water, washed with 1 mol ZL saline, washed with water, and dried successively. 7. 3 g of sulfonated fiber (comparative adsorbent C1) was obtained.
- Example 14 Adsorbent C1
- Example 15 Adsorbent C2
- Comparative Example 4 Comparative Adsorbent C1
- Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5
- the zeta potential of the adsorbent in each example is -20 mV or more.
- the extracorporeal circulation column for cancer treatment was pre-washed with physiological saline containing 1000 units of heparin sodium before extracorporeal circulation, and further washed with 500 mL of physiological saline.
- the 36 island sea-island composite fibers each of which is made of a core-sheath composite, were obtained using the following ingredients under spinning conditions of a spinning speed of 800 mZ and a draw ratio of 3 times.
- the obtained adsorbents B1 and B2 into which the functional group was introduced did not deform because they included a net, and maintained a good shape.
- a non-woven fabric was prepared in the same manner except that the sea-island composite fiber prepared in Example 16 was punched for one dollar without using a net. Next, this non-woven fabric was treated with a 90 ° C. aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium salt to make the ethylene terephthalate unit of the sea component as the main repeating unit, and a copolymer polyester containing 3 wt% of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid as the copolymer component. By dissolving, a nonwoven fabric having a core-sheath fiber diameter of 5 m and a bulk density of 0.02 g / cm 3 (total basis weight 150 gZm 2 ) was produced (nonwoven fabric B1). This nonwoven fabric had a low transverse strength, and elongation occurred during the synthesis of the intermediate and the adsorbent, so that the bulk density could not be kept constant.
- IL-6 human human interleukin-6
- adsorbent (adsorption carrier Bl having a functional group introduced) 150 mg was packed into a 2 ml internal volume column and circulated 25 ml of the blood at 37 ° C for 1 hour, and then the composition of the blood cells was analyzed with an automatic blood analyzer. The amount of IL-6 was quantified by EIA method. There was a 12.5% decrease in lymphocyte counts, a 67% decrease in granulocytes, and a 35% decrease in IL-6. At this time, no increase in pressure loss was observed.
- Comparative Example 10 The same amount of the non-woven fabric prepared in Comparative Example 10 was filled in the same column as in Example 17, and the remaining 25 ml of blood was examined.
- an adsorbent capable of efficiently adsorbing and removing leukocytes, inflammatory and immunosuppressive site force-in in blood, and reducing the removal rate of useful components in blood is provided.
- Such an adsorbent of the present invention can be provided for various uses such as leukocyte removal therapy, immunostimulation therapy, and cancer treatment.
- this material is in the form of a petri dish, bottle, membrane, fiber, hollow fiber, granular material, or a molded product such as an assembled product. It can be suitably used as a circulation column.
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/887,388 US8584869B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Absorbent and column for extracorporeal circulation |
CN2006800102916A CN101151056B (zh) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | 吸附材料和体外循环柱 |
CA2603073A CA2603073C (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Absorbent and column for extracorporeal circulation |
DK06730892.4T DK1886704T3 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | ABSORBENT AND COLUMN FOR EXTRACORPORAL CIRCULATION |
EP06730892.4A EP1886704B1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Adsorbent and column for extracorporeal circulation |
ES06730892.4T ES2608854T3 (es) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Adsorbente y columna para circulación extracorpórea |
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JP2005101466 | 2005-03-31 | ||
JP2005-101466 | 2005-03-31 | ||
JP2005-111652 | 2005-04-08 | ||
JP2005-111651 | 2005-04-08 | ||
JP2005111652A JP2006288571A (ja) | 2005-04-08 | 2005-04-08 | 癌治療用吸着材および体外循環カラム |
JP2005111651 | 2005-04-08 |
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US (1) | US8584869B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1886704B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100972702B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101151056B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2603073C (ja) |
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Patent Citations (3)
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JPH067429A (ja) * | 1992-03-17 | 1994-01-18 | Asahi Medical Co Ltd | 血液濾過材 |
JP2002172163A (ja) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-06-18 | Toray Ind Inc | 細胞吸着材および体外循環用カラムならびにそれらの製造方法 |
WO2004052270A1 (ja) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-24 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | ウイルス除去バッグ及びそれを用いたウイルス除去方法 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2017185221A (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-12 | 東レ株式会社 | 吸着カラム |
JP2019205552A (ja) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-05 | 国立大学法人滋賀医科大学 | 低免疫状態の回復機能を有する細胞捕集材及び細胞捕集用カラム |
JP7195572B2 (ja) | 2018-05-28 | 2022-12-26 | 国立大学法人滋賀医科大学 | 低免疫状態の回復機能を有する細胞捕集材及び細胞捕集用カラム |
WO2021106559A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-03 | 株式会社クラレ | 表面改質繊維、補強繊維、及びそれを用いた成形体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101151056B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
CA2603073A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
ES2608854T3 (es) | 2017-04-17 |
US8584869B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
KR20070116667A (ko) | 2007-12-10 |
EP1886704A4 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
EP1886704B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
CN101151056A (zh) | 2008-03-26 |
CA2603073C (en) | 2012-12-04 |
KR100972702B1 (ko) | 2010-07-27 |
US20090275874A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
DK1886704T3 (en) | 2017-01-16 |
EP1886704A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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