WO2006067912A1 - 排気ガス浄化触媒、及び排気ガス浄化触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化触媒、及び排気ガス浄化触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006067912A1 WO2006067912A1 PCT/JP2005/019992 JP2005019992W WO2006067912A1 WO 2006067912 A1 WO2006067912 A1 WO 2006067912A1 JP 2005019992 W JP2005019992 W JP 2005019992W WO 2006067912 A1 WO2006067912 A1 WO 2006067912A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- metal
- gas purification
- purification catalyst
- noble metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 78
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 24
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000731 high angular annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 Ce—Zr—Ox Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification catalyst and an exhaust gas purification catalyst manufacturing method, and more particularly to an exhaust gas purification catalyst for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine.
- noble metal particles such as Pt (platinum), Pd (palladium), and Rh (rhodium) are supported on porous bodies such as Al O (alumina).
- the supported three-way catalyst produces HC (hydrocarbon), CO (—acid-carbon), NO (nitrogen) in the exhaust gas.
- the catalytic activity of the noble metal is almost proportional to the surface area of the noble metal because the reaction using the noble metal is a catalytic reaction in which the reaction proceeds on the surface of the noble metal. Therefore, in order to obtain the maximum catalytic activity from a small amount of noble metal, it is preferable to produce noble metal particles having a small particle size and a high specific surface area, and to uniformly disperse the particles on the support while maintaining the particle size. .
- the Catalysts for automobiles are usually exposed to high temperatures of 800 to 900 ° C, and in some cases exceeding 1000 ° C. Therefore, agglomeration of noble metal particles having a small particle size is prevented to maintain the particle size at the time of production, and It is difficult to maintain catalytic activity.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst using a noble metal described above has ceria supported on alumina as a support, and further, a noble metal such as platinum is supported thereon.
- platinum supported on ceria aggregates due to thermal durability.
- coarse platinum is supported on ceria supported on alumina.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-216517 proposes an exhaust gas purification catalyst in which catalytically active particles are supported on a carrier and the same material as the carrier or another kind of material is adhered to the surface of the carrier. It is.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to the first invention includes an oxide selected from Al 2 O, ZrO, and CeO with Al, Ce, La, Zr
- the method for producing an exhaust gas purifying catalyst according to the second invention comprises preparing a dispersion system in which the second metal is uniformly dispersed in the oxide of the first metal, and the noble metal in the dispersion system.
- a salt is added, a reducing agent is added to selectively precipitate the noble metal on the second metal, and the noble metal deposited on the second metal is a mixture of the salt of the first metal and the salt of the second metal.
- the gist is to sinter a dispersion system coated with a noble metal and covered with a mixture of noble metals.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a state in an oxidizing atmosphere of an exhaust gas purification catalyst according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) is an explanatory view showing a state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst in a reducing atmosphere.
- Figure 2 (b) is an explanatory view showing a state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 (c) is an explanatory view showing a state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 (d) is an explanatory view showing the state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a HAADF-STEM image of the exhaust gas purification catalyst obtained in Example 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- Fig. 3 (b) is a HAADF-STEM image showing the state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1 after durability.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the Ce count number and the Pt count number after firing of the samples obtained in Examples 2 to 4.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the Pt loading concentration and the Pt particle diameter after durability.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the particle diameter and melting point of noble metals.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the particle diameter of platinum and the conversion rate.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a state in an oxidizing atmosphere of an exhaust gas purification catalyst 1 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) is an explanatory view showing a state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst 11 in a reducing atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 (b) is an explanatory view showing a state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst 11 in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 (c) is an explanatory view showing a state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst 11 in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 (d) is an explanatory view showing the state of the exhaust gas purification catalyst 21 in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst 1 includes Al 2 O 3 (alumina),
- Ptl4 was dissolved in CeO13 and coated with CeO13.
- Pt, Pd and Rh used as noble metals have different behaviors in an oxidizing atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere.
- Pt aggregates in an acidic atmosphere and does not aggregate in a reducing atmosphere.
- Pd does not aggregate in the oxidizing atmosphere, but does aggregate in the reducing atmosphere.
- Rh does not aggregate in an oxidizing atmosphere, but does aggregate in a reducing atmosphere. Therefore, when Pt is used, it is combined with a metal in which Pt is dissolved in an oxidizing atmosphere, and the noble metal is covered with a composite compound containing the metal.
- Pd or Rh it is basically a solid solution in a reducing atmosphere, and a combination with an element that maintains the catalyst performance by forming a solid solution is good.
- CeO is used as the metal compound
- Al 2 O is used as the oxide.
- the metal compound 3 may be a compound having the same physical properties as the composite compound 2 or a compound having different physical properties.
- the noble metal is preferably coated with the composite compound in a range of 10 to 80% of the surface area of the noble metal.
- it is a noble metal present on the catalyst surface that functions effectively as a catalyst.
- the precious metal is stable and has high ability to suppress aggregation of the precious metal, but the precious metal can sufficiently contact the reactant. N / A, therefore, sufficient catalytic activity cannot be obtained.
- the precious metal coverage is low, the initial activity of the catalyst is high, but the precious metal supported on the surface of the support aggregates due to heating, resulting in poor durability.
- the precious metal is preferably coated in a range of 10 to 80% of its surface area. When the coverage is within this range, the noble metal agglomeration is suppressed and the exhaust gas cleaner has durability. A catalyst is obtained.
- the coverage is calculated as (100 ⁇ exposure rate)%.
- the exposure rate is the precious metal outer surface area (PMSA) calculated by CO (-acid carbon) adsorption, which will be described later, and the particle diameter force obtained from the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation results. It is calculated from the ratio with the theoretically calculated particle surface area (TSA) and refers to the ratio of the noble metal exposed on the surface of the composite compound among the noble metals present in the exhaust gas purification catalyst. With TEM, it is possible to observe precious metals that are not exposed on the surface of the composite.
- TSA is calculated from the following equations (2) to (4).
- [D] be the average particle diameter of the noble metal particles observed by TEM.
- [D] If the number of noble metal atoms constituting l is [A], the number [n] of [D] contained in the catalyst can be calculated from the number of noble metal atoms [N] charged during preparation.
- Exposure rate (%) (PMSA) Z (TSA) X 100 (5)
- the exposure rate (%) minus 100 is the coverage rate (%).
- Coverage rate (%) 100-exposure rate ...
- the metal compound preferably has a particle size of 10 nm or less.
- a noble metal is selectively deposited on a metal compound uniformly dispersed in the oxide.
- the metal compound uniformly dispersed in the oxide has a particle size of 10 nm or less, and when the particle size is lOnm or less, the particle size of the noble metal deposited thereon is lOnm. The following can be made.
- the particle diameter of the noble metal after the exhaust gas purification catalyst is calcined in air at 900 ° C for 3 hours is lOnm or less. This is because if the particle size of the noble metal after calcination in air at 900 ° C for 3 hours, that is, after heat endurance, is larger than lOnm, the catalytic performance is lowered. When the noble metal particle diameter is 5 nm or less, the catalyst performance is improved.
- the noble metal is Pt
- the metal is Ce
- the oxide is Al 2 O.
- Ce-Al O is more heat resistant than alumina.
- the peak integrated intensity of the Ce (200) plane relative to the peak integrated intensity of the Ce (111) plane by X-ray diffraction analysis is greater than 0.6.
- the Ce is uniformly dispersed in the alumina.
- the supported concentration of Pt is 1. Owt% or less. In this case, since the interparticle distance between Pt and other Pt can be secured, Pt aggregation can be prevented. As the Pt loading concentration increases, Pt present on the surface of the composite compound aggregates without being able to dissolve in the composite compound. In addition, when the Pt loading concentration is 0.01 wt% or less, a large amount of the exhaust gas purification catalyst is applied to the hard cam carrier when it is applied to the hard cam carrier and used for the purification of automobile exhaust gas. Because it is necessary to apply exhaust gas purification catalyst, it is not practical.
- a dispersion system in which the second metal is uniformly dispersed in the first metal oxide is prepared, and a noble metal salt is introduced into the dispersion system, and the reducing agent
- a noble metal salt is introduced into the dispersion system, and the reducing agent
- coat the noble metal deposited on the second metal with a mixture of the salt of the first metal and the salt of the second metal, and mix the noble metal
- an alkaline noble metal salt is selectively adsorbed and supported on the surface of a second metal compound such as CeO.
- the precious metal is Pt
- the second metal is Ce
- the first metal oxide is Al 2 O 3.
- Pt is covered with a composite compound containing Ce and A1.
- the first metal containing the second metal is formed on the first oxide in which the second metal is uniformly dispersed. Since the noble metal can be supported in a state where it is coated with a metal acid hydrate, the decrease in the degree of dispersion of the noble metal can be suppressed, the particle diameter of the noble metal can be kept small, and the amount of the noble metal can be maintained. This makes it possible to obtain an exhaust gas purification catalyst having excellent heat resistance.
- the process and the process of firing the dispersion coated with the noble metal with the mixture may be incorporated into any adjustment method.
- the adjustment method include an inclusion method, a reverse micelle method, and an impregnation method.
- the alumina dispersed in water is adjusted to 20 wt% as CeO with respect to the alumina.
- Example 2 Ce—Al 2 O was used as alumina.
- the peak integrated intensity of Ce (200) plane relative to the peak integrated intensity of (111) plane is greater than 0.6, and CeO 20% -Al 2 O was dispersed in water. Tetraammine Pt hydrochloride is added to this dispersion.
- Example 3 Ce—Al 2 O was used as alumina.
- the peak integrated intensity of Ce (200) plane relative to the peak integrated intensity of (111) plane is greater than 0.6, and CeO 20% -Al 2 O was dispersed in water. Dinitrodiamin Pt salt is added to this dispersion
- Example 4 the same adjustment was performed except that Ce acetate of Example 1 was replaced by Ce tetraammine Pt hydrochloride with dinitrodiammine Pt salt.
- Example 5 Production of PtO. 3% / CeO 20% —Al 2 O
- Example 5 was prepared in the same manner except that the amounts of Ce acetate and Al nitrate were increased in Example 1. [0042] (Example 6) PtO. 3% / CeO 20% —Production of Al 2 O
- Example 6 was prepared in the same manner except that the amounts of Ce acetate and nitrate A1 in Example 1 were reduced. [0043] (Example 7) PtO. 3% / CeO 20% —Production of Al 2 O
- Example 7 was prepared in the same manner except that the amounts of Ce acetate and nitric acid A1 of Example 1 were increased. [0044] (Example 8) Production of PtO. 3% / CeO 20% -ZrO-AlO
- Example 8 first, alumina dispersed in water was added with 20 wt% of CeO to alumina.
- nitric acid A1 is added to ceria dispersed in water, and 20 wt% as Al 2 O with respect to ceria.
- Al nitrate is added to zircoure dispersed in water, and 20 wt% as z I put it in. The mixture was then stirred for 2 hours, dried overnight at 120 ° C, and then calcined at 600 ° C in air for 2 hours. A sample obtained by firing was dispersed in water, and Rh nitrate was poured into it. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, dried at 120 ° C all day and night, and then calcined in air at 400 ° C for 1 hour. Disperse the sample obtained by firing in water, add Zr acetate and nitric acid A1 to it, stir for 2 hours, dry at 120 ° C overnight, and then baked in air at 400 ° C for 1 hour. The target sample was obtained.
- Example 11 the same adjustment was performed except that Zr acetate in Example 8 was changed to La acetate.
- Example 12 the same adjustment was performed except that Zr acetate in Example 8 was changed to Co nitrate.
- Example 13 the same adjustment was performed except that Zr acetate in Example 8 was changed to Mn nitrate.
- Example 14 was prepared in the same manner except that Zr acetate of Example 8 was changed to Fe nitrate.
- Example 15 the same adjustment was performed except that Zr acetate in Example 8 was changed to Mg acetate.
- Example 16 the same adjustment was performed except that Zr acetate in Example 8 was changed to Ba acetate.
- Example 17 the same adjustment was performed except that Zr acetate of Example 8 was changed to titanyl ammonium oxalate.
- Example 18 the same adjustment was performed except that the Pt carrying concentration in Example 2 was changed to 0.5%.
- Example 19 the same adjustment was performed except that the Pt support concentration in Example 2 was changed to 1.0%.
- Comparative Example 1 Pt is not coated with alumina containing ceria.
- Ce acetate is added to alumina dispersed in water so that it becomes 20 wt% as CeO with respect to alumina. Stir for a while. Then, it was dried at 120 ° C all day and night, and then calcined in air at 600 ° C for 2 hours. A sample obtained by firing was dispersed in water, and tetraammine Pt hydrochloride was introduced therein. Next, stirring was performed for 2 hours to obtain a target sample.
- Comparative Example 2 Pt was coated with alumina containing no Ce.
- tetraammine Pt hydrochloride was added to alumina dispersed in water, stirred for 2 hours, dried at 120 ° C all day and night, and then calcined in air at 400 ° C for 1 hour.
- a sample obtained by calcination was dispersed in water.
- Nitric acid A1 was added to the sample, stirred for 2 hours, and dried at 120 ° C all day and night. Then, the target sample was obtained by baking in air at 400 ° C for 1 hour.
- a catalyst durability test was performed by firing at 900 ° C for 3 hours in a gas atmosphere with the% ZHe balance switched every 10 seconds. And the particle diameter was measured by TEM before and after the durability test. The Pt coverage was calculated by the above formula. Examples For Example 5 to Example 7 and Comparative Example 1, 50% conversion was determined.
- TEM-EDX measurement was performed on the catalyst obtained by the sample preparation and the catalyst after calcination.
- TEM Hitachi HF-2000 was used, the acceleration voltage was 200 kV, and the cutting conditions were room temperature.
- SIGMA made by Kevex was used. The measurement was performed by embedding the catalyst powder with epoxy resin, and after the epoxy resin was cured, an ultrathin section was prepared with an ultramicrotome. Using the slices, the state of dispersion of various crystal grains was examined by TEM. In the obtained image, the focus was placed on the contrast (shadow) part, the metal species were limited, and the particle size of the metal was measured.
- HAADF-STEM high-angle annular dark field image
- the unit CO adsorption amount was measured.
- Unit The amount of CO adsorption was measured using a metal dispersity measuring device BEL-METAL-3 manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd. according to the following procedure. The sample was heated to 400 ° C at 10 ° CZmin in a Hel00% gas stream, and then subjected to an acid bath treatment in a 400 ° C, 100% O gas stream for 15 minutes. And
- Reduction treatment was performed for 5 minutes. Next, the temperature was lowered to 50 ° C in a Hel00% gas stream. Then, CO10% ZHe balance gas was introduced in a pulsed manner.
- Example 1 to Example 7 Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the Pt particle size and Ce particle size at the time of catalyst preparation, and the Pt particle size and Ce particle size after endurance were calculated. Asked. Table 2 shows the particle size and Pt coverage.
- Fig. 3 (a) shows the HAADF-STEM image of the exhaust gas purification catalyst obtained in Example 2 in an acidic atmosphere
- Fig. 3 (b) shows the exhaust gas purification catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- the HAADF-STEM image showing the state after endurance is shown.
- Example 1 i .3 nm 5.0 nm 5.0 nm 8.0 m 8.0 m 52
- Example 2 1.3 nm 2.0 nm 3.0 nm 8.0 nm 54
- Example 3 2.2 nm 2.0 nm 3.0 nm 8.0 nm 52
- Example 4 1.4 nm 13.0 nm 38.0 nm 20.0 nm 52
- Comparison Example 1 1.3nm 5.0nm 37.0nm 8.0nm 2 Comparative Example 2 1.3nm ⁇ 28.0nm ⁇ 54
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared, in Comparative Example 1 in which the Pt coverage is 2%, Pt re-dissolved in which Ce—Al 2 O was dissolved in the reducing atmosphere. The speed is slower than the aggregation speed of Pt
- Example 3 the Pt particle size at the time of catalyst preparation, the Pt particle size after durability, the Pt coverage, and 50 after durability. % Conversion temperature is shown in Table 3.
- Example 7 From the results shown in Table 3, it was confirmed that in Example 7 and Comparative Example 1 in which the coverage was outside the range of 10 to 80%, the catalyst performance was lowered when the 50% conversion temperature was high. .
- Example 7 since the coverage is as high as 87%, Pt aggregation is suppressed, but the contact with the reaction gas is low, so the 50% conversion temperature is considered high.
- Comparative Example 1 the coverage was as low as 2%, so Pt agglomeration could not be suppressed, the particle size of Pt after durability increased, and the 50% conversion temperature also increased. It is done.
- Table 4 shows each constituent element, the noble metal particle diameter at the time of catalyst preparation, the noble metal particle diameter after durability, and the noble metal coverage.
- Example 1 contains an element other than Ce
- the particle size of Pt after endurance can be suppressed to about 3 to 4 times the particle size before endurance, and the effect of adding other metals is seen. It was.
- Pd and Rh are used as precious metals. When used, the particle diameter after durability could be kept low as with Pt.
- any element of Zr, La, Co, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ba, and Ti can be used as another metal other than Ce. The fact that the same level of effect can be obtained proved powerful.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the Ce count number (cps) and the Pt count number (cps) after firing of the samples obtained in Examples 2 to 4.
- Example 2 and Example 3 there was a good correlation between the Ce count number and the Pt count number.
- Example 2 and Example 3 as shown in Table 2, CeO with a small particle size of CeO
- Example 2 The amount of Pt present per particle is small. For this reason, the Pt aggregation suppressing effect can be exhibited. The anti-agglomeration effect is also evident from the small Pt particle size after durability. Further, when Example 2 and Example 3 are compared, Example 2 has a higher IAZIB value than Example 3. In this case, the amount of Pt selectively supported on Ce-Al O is large.
- Example 4 it is possible to exhibit the aggregation suppressing effect. Compared with these results, in Example 4, there was no correlation between the Ce force count and the Pt count. In Example 4, as shown in Table 2, the particle diameter of CeO dispersed in alumina is large and Pt present on the
- Table 6 shows the Pt loading concentration and the Pt particle diameter after endurance for Example 2, Example 18, Example 19, and Comparative Example 4 described above.
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between the Pt loading concentration and the Pt particle size after durability.
- a in FIG. 5 shows the Pt particle size in Example 2 where the Pt-supported concentration is 0.3%
- B in FIG. 5 shows the case in Example 18 where the Pt-supported concentration is 0.5%
- the Pt particle size of Fig. 5, C in Fig. 5 is the Pt particle size in Example 19 where the Pt loading concentration is 1.0%
- D in Fig. 5 is a comparative example in which the Pt loading concentration is 3.0%.
- the Pt particle size at 3 is shown. From these results, it can be seen that the lower the Pt loading concentration, the smaller the Pt particle diameter after durability.
- the turnover rate which is an index, decreases.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention suppresses a decrease in the degree of dispersion of the noble metal and reduces the particle size of the noble metal. Is small, can maintain the state, and has a small amount of noble metal and excellent heat resistance, it can be used as a three-way catalyst for automobiles.
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Abstract
Description
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US11/722,275 US20090280978A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-10-31 | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst and method of producing exhaust gas purifying catalyst |
EP05800417A EP1839745A4 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-10-31 | EXHAUST GAS CLEANING CATALYST AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
CN2005800444302A CN101087651B (zh) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-10-31 | 排气净化催化剂以及排气净化催化剂的制造方法 |
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- 2005-10-31 US US11/722,275 patent/US20090280978A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100936579B1 (ko) | 2010-01-13 |
CN101087651A (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
CN101087651B (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
EP1839745A4 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
US20090280978A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
JP5200315B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
JP2006198594A (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
KR20070086493A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
EP1839745A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
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