WO2006049284A1 - Prを含むシンチレータ用単結晶及びその製造方法並びに放射線検出器及び検査装置 - Google Patents
Prを含むシンチレータ用単結晶及びその製造方法並びに放射線検出器及び検査装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/08—Downward pulling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7766—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
- C09K11/7774—Aluminates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7766—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
- C09K11/77742—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
- C30B29/22—Complex oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
- C30B29/22—Complex oxides
- C30B29/28—Complex oxides with formula A3Me5O12 wherein A is a rare earth metal and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co or Al, e.g. garnets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/34—Silicates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
- G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
- G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
- G01T1/1644—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras using an array of optically separate scintillation elements permitting direct location of scintillations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a scintillator single crystal containing praseodymium (Pr), a manufacturing method thereof, and a radiation detector and an inspection apparatus using the scintillator single crystal.
- Pr praseodymium
- Positron emission nuclide tomography (PET) devices have relatively high energy!
- Gamma rays annihilation gamma rays: 51 IKeV
- a scintillation detector has been employed that provides The detector characteristics are required to have high counting rate characteristics and high temporal resolution to eliminate accidental coincidence noise, and to have good energy resolution to remove scattered radiation from the body.
- Tl NaI has been used most commonly in scintillation detectors because it emits a large amount of light and is relatively inexpensive. However, due to its low density, it cannot be expected to improve the sensitivity of the detector.
- Bi Ge O (BGO) Bi Ge O
- BGO has a wavelength of 490 nm, a refractive index of 2.15, a density of 7.13 gZcm 3 and a density twice that of Tl: NaI, it has a higher linear energy absorption coefficient for gamma rays.
- Tl: NaI has a hygroscopic property
- BGO has an advantage that it is easy to process without its hygroscopic property.
- Disadvantages are that the fluorescence conversion efficiency of BGO is as small as 8% of that of Tl: NaI, so the light output for gamma rays is smaller than Tl: NaI and the energy resolution is Tl: NaI for lMeV gamma rays. Is 7% versus 15% for BGO.
- the fluorescence decay time is 3
- disadvantages such as OOnsec and very long.
- Ce Gd SiO (Ce: GSO) was developed in Japan and has higher detection sensitivity than BGO.
- Ce: GSO and Ce: LSO which are used as light emitting materials for scintillators, are concentrated when the amount of light emitted increases when the amount of light emitted from Ce is larger than Ce Ching (concentration quenching) becomes prominent and the scintillator effect is not shown.
- next-generation scintillator that has a low energy cost, a high energy absorption coefficient, and a high light emission amount.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-72968
- the present invention has been proposed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to have characteristics more than BGO, and further to GSO (high density (6.71KgZcm3 or more)). ) High light emission of Nal or more (5 times or more of BGO)) ⁇ Short life (60 nsec or less) 'High light emission (more than 2 times of BGO))) Is to realize. Furthermore, the object is to achieve such an excellent scintillator material with an oxide material that allows easier crystal growth compared to GSO and LSO, or a low-fluoride material that has a melting point lower than that of an oxide material. It is a place to do.
- the scintillator single crystal according to the present invention is represented by (PrRE) M (0 F).
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, Lu, La, Ce, and M is Al, Ga, Si, Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca. , Sr, Ba, Sc, Zr, Hf And
- the scintillator single crystal may have a fluorescence wavelength of 200 to 350 when excited by gamma rays!
- the single crystal for scintillator of the present invention has a fluorescence decay time of 300 nsec or less (the peak of emission is around 300 nm), the sampling time for fluorescence measurement can be shortened, and high temporal resolution, A reduction in sampling interval can be expected. If high time resolution is realized, the number of samples per unit time can be increased.
- Single crystals for scintillators having such short-lived light emission are expected to be used as scintillators for fast response radiation detection for PET and SPECT.
- an oxide scintillator crystal having characteristics higher than that of BGO and further having physical properties equivalent to or higher than those of GSO has been found. We also found that these crystals have characteristics higher than Nal. These crystals are easy to grow single crystals with anisotropy of linear expansion coefficient smaller than that of GSO and LSO.
- a fluoride scintillator crystal having characteristics higher than that of BGO and further having physical properties equivalent to or higher than those of GSO has also been found.
- ⁇ melting point
- Pt and Ir can also be used as the crucible material, but cheaper carbon crucibles can also be used, which also leads to a reduction in manufacturing costs.
- FIG. 1 shows a (Pr Y) A1 0 single crystal (Pr0.1%: YAG) crystal according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a (Pr Y) A1 0 single crystal (Pr 0.2%: YAG) crystal according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 A (Pr Lu) A1 0 single crystal (Pr0.1%: LuAG) crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 A (Pr Lu) A1 0 single crystal (Pr0.2%: LuAG) crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention is obtained.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- FIG. 5 shows a (Pr Y) A1 0 single crystal (Pr 0.2%: YAG) crystal according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 A crystal of (Pr Lu) A1 0 single crystal (Pr0.2%: LuAG) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- FIG. 7 shows a (Pr Y) SiO single crystal (Pr0.2%: YSO) crystal according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a profile of results obtained by measuring the emission characteristics of Pr0.1%: YAG, PrO.2%: YAG and BGO by radioluminance.
- the BGO emission peak is enlarged 10 times for comparison.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a profile of results obtained by measuring the emission characteristics of PrO.1%: LuAG, PrO.2%: LuAG and BGO by radiolumine scence. The BGO emission peak is enlarged 10 times for comparison.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a profile of results obtained by measuring the emission characteristics of Pr0.2%: YSO and BGO by radioluminescence. The BGO emission peak is magnified 10 times for comparison.
- Pr0.2% LuAG fluorescence decay time (photoluminescence decay) profile. 17ns and short data was obtained indicating fluorescence lifetime.
- Pr0.2% Profile of fluorescence decay time (photoluminescence decay) in YSO. Data showing a short fluorescence lifetime of 11.5 ns was obtained.
- FIG. 15 shows (Pr Lu) (Sc Al) O single crystal (PrO.2%, Scl%:
- FIG. 16 shows (Pr Lu) (Mg Al Hf) O single crystal (PrO.2%,
- FIG. 17 is a view showing (PrY) 0 single crystal (Prl% preparation: Y 0) according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing a (PrY) A10 single crystal (Prl% charged: YAP) according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a (PrLu) VO single crystal (Prl% charged: LuVO 3) according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a (Pr La) LuO single crystal (PrO.2%: LaLuO) according to an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 shows (Pr Lu) Si O single crystal (PrO.2%: Lu Si O) according to an example of the present invention.
- Prl% (preparation) A graph showing the profile of radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa) in YAP.
- Pr0.2% YAG, PrO.2%: LuAG and BGO emission measured by ⁇ -ray excitation.
- Pr0.2% YAG twice as high as BGO, PrO.2%: LuAG three times as high as BGO.
- Pr0.2%, Scl% Measurement of fluorescence decay time (Photoluminescencedecay) in YAG It is a graph which shows the profile of a result. As 12.6 ns, data indicating a short fluorescence lifetime was obtained.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (Photoluminescence decay) in Pr0.2%, Scl%: LuAG. Data showing a short fluorescence lifetime of 21.3 ns was obtained.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (photoluminescence decay) in Pr0.2%, Mg5%, Hf5%: LuAG. Data showing a fluorescence lifetime as short as 21.7 ns was obtained.
- FIG. 33 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (photoluminescence decay) in YAP. Data showing a short fluorescence lifetime of 11.2 ns was obtained.
- FIG. 40 is a graph showing a profile of the result of measuring the emission characteristics of BGO with Radioluminescence.
- FIG. 42 is a graph showing a profile of light emission characteristics in a conventional single crystal of gadolinium 'gallium' garnet type oxide.
- FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a PET apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- a single crystal for scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention is a single crystal for scintillator characterized by being represented by the general formula (PrRE) M (OF) in the table abp 1 -pc: Is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, Lu, La, Ce, and M is Al, Ga, Si, Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg,
- this scintillator single crystal has a fluorescence wavelength of 2 emitted by being excited by gamma rays.
- Examples of such scintillator single crystals include oxide single crystals and fluoride single crystals.
- a first embodiment of such a single crystal for an acid oxide scintillator is (Pr RE) (Al Ga
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, and Lu.
- the Pr concentration x range is ⁇ to 0.001 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02, preferably ⁇ to 0.001 ⁇ 0.02, more preferably to ⁇ , 0.002 ⁇ 0.02, and more Preferably, 0.002 ⁇ 0.003.
- garnet-type oxide scintillator single crystal include (Pr Y
- RE is one or more selected for Y, Sc, Yb, Lu force, and Pr concentration X range is as described above. There are).
- a second embodiment of the oxide scintillator single crystal is represented by (Pr RE) A10.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, La, Yb, and Lu.
- the range of Pr concentration x is up to 0.001 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, preferably up to 0.000 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably up to 0.002 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02.
- Such a perovskite oxide single crystal for scintillator is, for example, (Pr Y
- a third embodiment of the oxide scintillator single crystal is represented by (Pr RE) SiO.
- 1 2 5 is a single crystal for cinnamate scintillator characterized by the following.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, La, Yb, and Lu.
- Pr concentration x The range of ⁇ to 0. 0001 ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, preferably ⁇ to 0. 001 ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably to ⁇ . 0.002 ⁇ 0.02.
- Examples of such single crystals for silicate oxide scintillators include (Pr Y) SiO x 1-x 25, (
- the range of Pr concentration X is 0.0001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, preferably ⁇ 0.000.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably 0.002 ⁇ 0.02.
- the range of the concentration y is ⁇ 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.4, preferably ⁇ 0 ⁇ y 0 .01.
- a single crystal for a resonator can also be suitably used.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, Lu force
- M 1 is one or more selected from Mg, Ca, Sr
- M 2 is Al
- M 3 is one or more metals selected from Zr, Hi ⁇
- the range of Pr concentration X is 0.0001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0. 3, preferably 0. 001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0. 05, more preferably ⁇ or 0. 002 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.02, concentration y range ⁇ or 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, preferably Is 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.
- the single crystal for scintillator of an oxide the following single crystal for scintillator of rare earth oxide can be used.
- Such a rare earth oxide single crystal for scintillator is represented by (PrRE) O.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, La, Yb, Lu, and the range of Pr concentration X is 0.0001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, preferably ⁇ or 0.001 ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ 0. 05, more preferably ⁇ . 0.002 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.02.
- Pr RE VO rare earth oxide scintillator single crystals
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Y b, and Lu
- the range of Pr concentration X is 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, preferably ⁇ or 0.001 ⁇ . ⁇ 0. 05, more preferably ⁇ . 0.002 ⁇ 0.02.
- rare earth oxide scintillator single crystals are represented by (Pr RE) RE, O.
- RE and RE ′ are one or more selected from La, Gd, Y, Sc, Yb, and Lu, which are different from each other, and the range of Pr concentration X is 0.0001 ⁇ ⁇ 0.3.
- Still another rare earth acid single crystal scintillator single crystal is (Pr RE) Si O
- a single crystal for a rare earth oxide scintillator represented by 1 2 2 7 can be used.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, and Lu, and the range of Pr concentration X is 0.0001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, preferably ⁇ or 0.001 ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, more preferably ⁇ . 0.002 ⁇ 0.02.
- RE is one or more selected from La, Ce, Yb, Lu, and Y, and among them, ⁇ , Yb, or Lu is particularly preferable.
- M is at least one of Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Pb, Zr, and Hf It is characterized by being.
- a first embodiment of such a fluoride scintillator single crystal is a scintillator single crystal represented by PrMREF in the table wXyz.
- RE is one or more selected from La, Ce, Yb, Lu, and Y.
- cocoon is one or more kinds of shear force of Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al.
- w, ⁇ , and ⁇ are respectively 0.0001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 10, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 50.
- Examples of such single crystals for fluoride scintillators include those having M force K (potassium atom) in the general formula of the above-mentioned single crystals for fluoride scintillators. Specifically, K (RE Pr) F scintillation represented by F
- fluoride scintillator single crystals include scintillator single crystals represented by the table x 1-wwz with Ba (RE Pr) F (provided that RE is La, Ce, Yb, Lu, Y force is one or more selected solid solutions, and 0. 0001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.3.
- RE is preferably Y or a single crystal in which a solid solution of ⁇ and Lu is used.
- fluoride scintillator single crystals include single crystals for scintillators represented by Pr MF (where M is Li, Na, K , Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Al!
- M is Li, Na, K , Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Al!
- M Li, Na, K , Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Al!
- the absolute light yield (photon ZMeV) is 1000-200000 (photon ZMeV) is possible, but preferably, 8000-200000 (photon ZMeV), moreover, this special [preferably ⁇ ma, 80000-200000 (3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ -/ MeV), ⁇ " ⁇ 3 ⁇ 48000-120000 (photon (ZMeV) is more preferred, preferably 16000-80000 (photon ZMeV), It is a fluoride scintillator crystal having a very high light emission amount.
- the absolute light yield ratio with respect to BGO is 0.125 to 25 times, preferably 1 to 25 times, and more preferably 10 to 25 times. Further, from the viewpoint of the technical effect taking into consideration the relationship with the longer fluorescence lifetime due to energy transition, 1 to 15 times is preferred. 2 to: LO times are more preferred.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Pr ⁇ Pr concentration w range ⁇ 0. 0001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0 3000, preferably ⁇ 0. 0010 ⁇ w ⁇ 0. 0500, more preferably ⁇ 0. 0020 ⁇ w ⁇ 0. 0200.
- x, y, ⁇ and crystal yarns are arbitrarily determined, but 0 ⁇ ⁇ 10. 0000, preferably 0 ⁇ ⁇ 4. 0000, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 10. 0000 ⁇ Is 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4. 0000, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 50. 0000, preferably 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 20. 0000.
- M K
- x l
- K (Pr RE) F is preferable.
- the Pr concentration w range is 0 w 1-w 3 10
- RE is La, Ce, Gd, Lu, Y, One or more rare earth elements selected from Yb are preferred, and Y, Gd, Yb, or Lu is particularly preferred among them.
- Pr RE Pr RE
- w range ⁇ 0. 0001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0. 3000, preferably ⁇ 0. 0010 ⁇ w ⁇ 0. 0500, more preferably 0. 0020 ⁇ w ⁇ 0. 0200, RE is La, Ce , Gd, Lu, Y, Yb force selected from one or more rare earth elements Among them, Y, Gd, Yb, or Lu are particularly preferred.
- the production method of the present embodiment is incorporated into a melt having a composition represented by (PrRE) M (O F) a b p 1-p c
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, Lu, La, Ce, and M is A1, Ga, Si, Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Zr, Hf, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, One or more of Cd and Pb, and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 50, and p is 0 or 1.
- the melt is represented by (Pr RE) (Al Ga) 0.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, and Lu
- the concentration of Pr is in the range x ⁇ 0.0001 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.02, preferably ⁇ 0.00 ⁇ 0.02, more preferably ⁇ . 0.002 ⁇ 0.02, more preferably 0.002 ⁇ 0.03.
- the composition is such that a single crystal is obtained and has a Pr concentration of 5x to 15x.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, Yb, and Lu.
- the range of Pr concentration x is as described above.
- the melt is represented by (Pr RE) A10.
- a method for producing a single crystal for a scintillator of a perovskite-type acid oxide that has a composition such that a single crystal of X 1-x 3 is obtained and has a Pr concentration of 5x to 15x. .
- RE is one or more selected from Y, La, Yb, and Lu.
- the range of Pr concentration x is up to 0.001 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, preferably up to 0.000 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably up to 0.002 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02.
- the melt is represented by (Pr Y) A10, (Pr La) A10, (Pr Lu) A10.
- a single crystal can be obtained
- the composition has a Pr concentration of 5x to 15x.
- the range of Pr concentration X is as described above.
- the melt is represented by (PrRE) SiO.
- RE is one or more selected from Y, La, Yb, and Lu.
- the range of Pr concentration x is up to 0.001 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, preferably up to 0.000 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably up to 0.002 ⁇ ⁇ 0.02.
- Preferably it has a Pr concentration of ⁇ 15x.
- the range of Pr concentration X is as described above.
- the present embodiment is such a composition that a single crystal represented by (Pr RE) 0 is obtained,
- RE is one or more selected from Y, Sc, La, Yb, and Lu, and the range of Pr concentration x is 0.0001 ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, preferably ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, more preferably ⁇ . 0.002 ⁇ 0.02.
- the melt is (Prr) 0.
- Pr concentration X may have a Pr concentration of 5 ⁇ to 15 ⁇ (however, the range of Pr concentration X is as described above).
- the method for producing a single crystal for an acid oxide scintillator according to the present embodiment includes the following methods.
- a single crystal by a micro-pulling-down method using a Mo crucible, an Ir crucible, or a crucible having an alloy power of Ir and Re from a melt having a simple composition and a Pr concentration of 5x to 15x A method for producing a single crystal for a scintillator of a garnet-type acid oxide characterized by (where Pr concentration is in the range of X, and the range of 0.001 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.3, and the concentration of Sc in the range of y. ⁇ or 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0. 4): (2) The composition is such that a single crystal represented by (Pr RE) (M 1 M 2 M 3 ) O is obtained, and 1 3 l-2y 5 12
- a garnet-type acid characterized by growing a single crystal from a melt having a Pr concentration of 5x to 15x by a micro-pulling-down method using a Mo crucible, an Ir crucible, or a crucible having an alloying force of Ir and Re.
- composition is such that a single crystal represented by Pr RE VO is obtained, and 5x to 15x Pr
- a rare-earth oxide scintillation characterized in that a single crystal is grown from a melt having a concentration by a micro-pulling-down method using a Mo crucible, an Ir crucible, or a crucible having an alloy power of Ir and Re.
- RE is one or more selected for Y, Sc, Yb, and Lu force
- Pr concentration X is in the range of 0.0001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3.
- composition is such that a single crystal represented by (Pr RE) RE '0 is obtained, and 5x to 15x
- a rare-earth oxide is characterized in that a single crystal is grown from a melt having a Pr concentration by a micro-pulling-down method using a Mo crucible, an Ir crucible, or a crucible having an alloy power of Ir and Re.
- Manufacturing method of single crystal for scintillator (However, RE and RE 'are one or more selected from La, Gd, Y, Sc, Yb, Lu different from each other, and the range of Pr concentration X is 0. 00 01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3):
- composition is such that a single crystal represented by (Pr RE) Si O is obtained, and 5x
- a rare-earth oxide scintillator characterized by growing a single crystal from a melt having a Pr concentration by a micro-pulling-down method using a crucible made of a Mo crucible, an Ir crucible, or an alloy crucible of Ir and Re.
- RE is one or more selected for Y, Sc, Yb, Lu force
- Pr concentration X is in the range of 0.0001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3. .
- a general oxide raw material can be used as a starting material, but when used as a single crystal for a scintillator, 99.99% or more ( It is particularly preferable to use a high-purity raw material of 4N or higher). These starting raw materials are weighed and mixed so as to have a target composition at the time of melt formation. Furthermore these raw materials Among them, those having particularly few impurities (for example, 1 ppm or less) other than the intended composition are particularly preferable. In particular, it is preferable to use raw materials that contain as much as possible an element that emits light near the emission wavelength (eg, Tb).
- Crystal growth may be performed using an inert gas (eg, Ar, N).
- an inert gas eg, Ar, N
- a mixed gas of an inert gas (for example, Ar, N, He, etc.) and oxygen gas may be used.
- the partial pressure of oxygen is preferably 2% or less for the purpose of preventing acidification in the crucible.
- oxygen gas, inert gas (eg, Ar, N, He, etc.), and inert gas are used.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas for example, Ar, N, He, etc.
- Mixed gas for example, Ar, N, He, etc.
- the oxygen partial pressure is not limited to 2%, and any mixture ratio from 0% to 100% may be used.
- the method for producing the single crystal for the acid scintillator scintillator of this embodiment includes the chocolate lasky method (pull-up method), the Bridgman method, and the zone melting method (zone melt method).
- the chocolate lasky method pulse-up method
- the Bridgman method the zone melting method
- zone melt method zone melt method
- the micro-pulling down method and the zone melting method are particularly preferred.
- concentration of Pr contained in the melt at the time of preparation varies depending on the manufacturing method employed, but is about 5 to 15 times the target uptake.
- Platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium, or an alloy thereof can also be used as the crucible afterheater to be used.
- a high-frequency oscillator but also a resistance heater can be used.
- the atmosphere control type micro pulling by high frequency induction heating Use a lowering device.
- the micro-pulling device includes a crucible, a seed holder that holds the seed that comes into contact with the melt flowing out from the pores provided at the bottom of the crucible, a moving mechanism that moves the seed holder downward, and a moving mechanism of the moving mechanism.
- a single crystal production apparatus comprising a moving speed control device and induction heating means for heating a crucible. According to such a single crystal production apparatus, a single crystal is produced by forming a solid-liquid interface immediately below the crucible and moving the seed crystal downward.
- the crucible is carbon, platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium, or an alloy thereof, and an after heater that is a heating element made of carbon, platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium, or a combination thereof on the outer periphery of the crucible bottom. Place.
- the crucible and after-heater can control the temperature and distribution of the solid-liquid boundary region of the melt drawn from the pores at the bottom of the crucible by adjusting the heat output by adjusting the output of the induction heating means. It is possible.
- SUS is used as the material of the chamber and SiO is used as the window material to enable atmosphere control.
- the raw material prepared by the above method is put into a crucible, and the inside of the furnace is evacuated to high vacuum, and then Ar gas or a mixed gas of Ar gas and 0 gas is introduced into the furnace.
- the inside of the furnace is set to an inert gas atmosphere or a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere, and the crucible is heated by gradually applying high frequency power to the high frequency induction heating coil to completely melt the raw material in the crucible.
- crystals are grown by the following procedure.
- the seed crystal is gradually raised at a predetermined speed and its tip is brought into contact with the pores at the lower end of the crucible and sufficiently blended, the crystal is obtained by lowering the pulling shaft while adjusting the melt temperature.
- Grow As the seed crystal, it is preferable to use a seed crystal having the same or similar structure as the crystal growth target, but it is not limited to this. Moreover, it is preferable to use a crystal with a clear orientation as a seed crystal. Crystal growth ends when all of the prepared materials have crystallized and the melt is gone. On the other hand, for continuous charging of raw materials for the purpose of keeping the composition uniform and lengthening You can incorporate the equipment.
- the chocolate skiing (pulling up) method is performed using a high-frequency induction heating apparatus.
- raw materials are put in a crucible, the crucible is heated to melt the raw materials in the crucible, and the raw materials are melted.
- This is a single crystal manufacturing method in which a single crystal is grown and grown by soaking the seed crystal in a liquid and pulling it up.
- the melt surface force shields the radiant heat to the single crystal that is raised to the upper side of the melt, and promotes the heat radiation of the upper solid portion of the single crystal so that the melting point of the lower portion of the single crystal
- the temperature gradient in the direction of the single crystal axis in the pulling length section extending from the top to the top is moderated, and the single crystal outer peripheral surface portion of the pulling length section reaching the upper part of the melting point side force of the lower portion of the single crystal is radiated from the corresponding portion.
- Maintaining the temperature by suppressing the temperature gradient ratio of the outer edge to the center of the single crystal cross section in the pulling length section is controlled to a value close to 1 of 1.25 or less, and the single crystal is grown and grown by the pulling method This is a method for producing a single crystal.
- the melt is made up of a single crystal represented by PrMREF and wXyz.
- Examples thereof include a method of growing a single crystal by a micro-pulling-down method so that the composition is obtained and has a Pr concentration of 5w to 15w.
- RE is one or more selected from La, Ce, Yb, Lu, Y, and ⁇ is Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al!
- One or more shear forces 0. 0001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 10, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 50.
- the range of Pr concentration w is about 0.001 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.3000, preferably about 0.0010 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.0500, more preferably 0.0010 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.0200. It is.
- x, y, and z are arbitrarily determined depending on the crystal composition, and are not particularly limited, but 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 10.000, preferably 0, and X 4.0000, 0 ⁇ v ⁇ 10.000, preferably ⁇ 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4. 0000, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 50. 000 0 preferred ⁇ is 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 20.0000.
- a general fluoride raw material can be used as a starting material, but when used as a single crystal for a scintillator material, 99.9% It is particularly preferable to use the above high purity fluoride raw materials (3N or higher). These starting materials are weighed and mixed to achieve the target composition. Further, it is particularly preferable that these raw materials contain as few impurities as possible except for the intended composition (for example, 1 ppm or less).
- the oxygen concentration of the raw material to be used is preferably 10 ppm or less, particularly preferably 10 ppm or less.
- the fluoride scintillator material represented by PrMFREF or PrMF contains a rare earth fluoride, it easily becomes a rare earth oxyfluoride if a trace amount of oxygen remains.
- Crystal growth is preferably performed in a gas atmosphere containing a fluorine compound in addition to a vacuum atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, and an extremely low oxygen atmosphere. Further, in addition to the process of growing crystals (single crystal manufacturing process), the same applies to a post-process such as a previous process such as a melting operation of raw materials.
- the gas containing a fluorine compound generally used CF is particularly preferable, but F gas, HF gas, BF gas and the like can also be used.
- these gases are inert gases (e.g. Ar, N
- the manufacturing method of the single crystal for the fluoride scintillator of the present embodiment represented by Pr M REF or Pr MF includes the micro pulling down method, the chocolate ski method (the pulling up method), the Bridgeman method, and the zone melt method. Or the EFG method, etc., can be used without any particular restrictions, but in order to obtain a large single crystal for the purpose of improving the yield and relatively reducing the processing loss, the Choral Ski method or the Bridgman method can be used. preferable.
- the micro pulling method and the zone melt method are particularly preferable because of their low wettability with the crucible, which is preferable to the zone melt method, the EFG method, the micro pulling method, and the chocolate skiing method.
- the concentration of Pr contained in the melt at the time of preparation varies depending on the manufacturing method employed, but is about 5 to 15 times the target uptake.
- the melting points of the fluoride raw materials used are all less than 1300 ° C, any crystal growth such as the micro pull-down method, the chocolate lasky method, the Bridgman method, the zone melt method, or the EFG method is used. Also in the technology, the temperature used is less than 1300 ° C. Therefore, the output of the high-frequency oscillator is also significantly reduced compared to GSO, leading to a reduction in manufacturing cost. Furthermore, not only a high-frequency oscillator but also a resistance heating method can be used.
- the crucible after-heater used is not suitable for the process of crystallizing oxides such as GSO, which can use platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium, or alloys thereof. Since carbon can be used, the manufacturing cost is further reduced.
- the melting point of K (Y Pr) F is 1050 ° C, even compared with 2150 ° C of Ce: LSO
- a method for producing a single crystal for fluoride scintillator according to the present embodiment will be described below as an example of a method for producing a single crystal using a microphone mouth pulling method, but is not limited thereto. .
- the micro pulling method is performed using an atmosphere control type micro pulling apparatus using high frequency induction heating.
- the micro-pulling device includes a crucible, a seed holder that holds the seed that comes into contact with the melt flowing out from the pores provided at the bottom of the crucible, a moving mechanism that moves the seed holder downward, and a moving mechanism of the moving mechanism.
- a single crystal production apparatus comprising a moving speed control device and induction heating means for heating a crucible. According to such a single crystal production apparatus, a single crystal is produced by forming a solid-liquid interface immediately below the crucible and moving the seed crystal downward.
- the crucible is carbon, platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium, or an alloy thereof, and an after heater that is a heating element made of carbon, platinum, iridium, rhodium, rhenium, or an alloy thereof is provided on the outer periphery of the crucible bottom. Deploy.
- the crucible and the after-heater are provided at the bottom of the crucible by adjusting the output of the induction heating means so that the amount of heat generated can be adjusted. This makes it possible to control the temperature and distribution of the solid-liquid boundary region of the melt drawn from the fine pores.
- this precise atmosphere control type micro pull-down apparatus enables crystal growth of fluoride, so that the atmosphere in the chamber can be precisely controlled.
- SUS is used for the material of the chamber and CaF is used for the window material, enabling high vacuum evacuation, which is most important for fluoride crystal growth.
- concomitantly diffusion pump or turbo molecular pump to an existing rotor Li pump is a device that allows the vacuum to below 1 X 10- 3 Pa.
- the chamber has CF, Ar, N, and a flow rate precisely adjusted by the attached gas flow meter.
- H gas can be introduced.
- the inert gas! Is made into a fluorine compound gas atmosphere, and the crucible is heated by gradually applying high frequency power to the high frequency induction heating coil to completely melt the raw material in the crucible.
- crystals are grown by the following procedure.
- the seed crystal is gradually raised at a predetermined speed and its tip is brought into contact with the pores at the lower end of the crucible and sufficiently blended, the crystal is obtained by lowering the pulling shaft while adjusting the melt temperature.
- Grow As the seed crystal, it is preferable to use a seed crystal having the same or similar structure as the crystal growth target, but it is not limited to this. Moreover, it is preferable to use a crystal with a clear orientation as a seed crystal. Crystal growth ends when all of the prepared materials have crystallized and the melt is gone. On the other hand, equipment for continuous charging of raw materials may be incorporated for the purpose of keeping the composition uniform and lengthening.
- the pulling method as described above can also be employed in the method for manufacturing a single crystal for a scintillator of fluoride according to the present embodiment.
- the single crystal force for the oxide or fluoride scintillator of the present embodiment also constitutes a scintillator, and a radiation detection unit for detecting radiation, and output as a result of detection of radiation by this radiation detection unit Combined with a light-receiving unit that receives the fluorescent light, Can be used. Furthermore, a radiation detection apparatus including a radiation detector may be used.
- the radiation examination apparatus is suitable for uses such as medical image processing apparatuses such as a positron emission nuclide tomography apparatus (PET), X-ray CT, and SPECT. Further, as the PET mode, two-dimensional type PET, three-dimensional type PET, time-of-flight (TOF) type PET, and depth detection (D OI) type PET are preferable. Further, these may be used in combination.
- medical image processing apparatuses such as a positron emission nuclide tomography apparatus (PET), X-ray CT, and SPECT.
- PET positron emission nuclide tomography apparatus
- TOF time-of-flight
- D OI depth detection
- examples of the light receiving unit in the radiation detector of the present embodiment include a position detection type photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT), a photodiode (PD), or an avalanche photodiode (AP D).
- PS-PMT position detection type photomultiplier tube
- PD photodiode
- AP D avalanche photodiode
- FIG. 43 shows an example of the configuration of the PET apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the PET apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 43 includes a plurality of radiation detectors 110 and an arithmetic circuit unit (a coincidence counting circuit 120, an energy discriminating circuit 130, and a position arithmetic circuit 140) that process the data in which the radiation detector 110 power is also captured. And an image processing unit (image forming unit 150 and image output unit 160) that processes the calculation result of the calculation circuit unit and outputs an image.
- arithmetic circuit unit a coincidence counting circuit 120, an energy discriminating circuit 130, and a position arithmetic circuit 140
- image processing unit image forming unit 150 and image output unit 160
- the radiation detector 110 includes a scintillator array 111, a photomultiplier tube 112, and an amplifier 113.
- the radiation detector 110 detects gamma rays generated in an internal force at a specific site, and finally converts them into electrical signals. .
- the scintillator array 111 has a configuration in which a plurality of scintillators that function as ⁇ -ray detection units are arranged in an array. Each scintillator, after being excited by ⁇ rays, transitions to an energetically stable state while emitting fluorescence having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region. As described above, this fluorescence is presumed to correspond to the 5d-4f transition, and, as will be described later, has a wavelength of 200 to 350 nm and a fluorescence lifetime of about 1 to 300 ns.
- the photomultiplier tube 112 functions as a light receiving unit that receives this fluorescence.
- the photomultiplier tube 112 amplifies the fluorescence emitted from the corresponding scintillator array 111 and converts it into an electric signal.
- the converted electric signal is amplified by the amplifier 113.
- each radiation detector 110 detects ⁇ rays.
- the ⁇ -ray detection data of each radiation detector 110 is taken into the coincidence counting circuit 120. same The clock number circuit 120 associates these ⁇ -ray detection data with the identification information and data acquisition time of the radiation detector 110 that detected the ⁇ -ray, and sends it to the energy discrimination circuit 130.
- the energy discriminating circuit 130 extracts specific energy data specified in advance from the ⁇ -ray detection data, and acquires the intensity data.
- the extracted energy data are ⁇ -rays (511 KeV) generated from positrons and isotope 176 (superscript) containing approximately 2.6% of Lu. Since it is necessary to distinguish it from 420 KeV that sometimes occurs and ⁇ decay (307 KeV) after / 3 decay, for example, the energy window is set to 415 KeV, and energy higher than this energy is detected from the ⁇ -ray detection data. To extract.
- a scintillator that does not contain Lu it is necessary to set the energy window because it is necessary to distinguish ⁇ rays from positron forces from high-energy particles existing in nature such as cosmic rays. .
- the position calculation circuit 140 calculates ⁇ -ray position information based on the identification information of the radiation detector 110 that detected each ⁇ -ray detection data, associates it with intensity data, and sends it to the image forming unit 150. To do.
- the image forming unit 150 creates the shoreline intensity distribution data in the tomographic image of the specific part based on the intensity data associated with the position information.
- the shoreline intensity distribution data is output as an image by the image output unit 160.
- this radiation inspection apparatus may be used as a single unit (itself), or may be a magnetic resonance image (MRI), a computer one tomography apparatus or the like.
- CT computed tomography
- SPECT single photon tomography
- the radiation detector of the present embodiment can also be used in an X-ray CT, an X-ray imaging apparatus that performs a radiographic inspection, a shift, or a combination.
- the scintillator single crystal used in the radiation detector of the present embodiment has a fluorescence wavelength emitted by being excited by gamma rays of 200 to 350 nm, preferably 200 to 3 lOnm. It can be suitably used for high-speed response radiation detection.
- the fluorescence emitted from the scintillator single crystal in this embodiment has a short lifetime, for example, the decay time at room temperature is 1 to 300 nsec, preferably 1 to 50 nsec.
- Such a scintillator single crystal can realize high energy emission and short fluorescence lifetime (short decay constant) in the ultraviolet region, which has been difficult to realize in the past.
- ⁇ Application to flight (TOF) type PET is expected.
- the Pr concentration is specified by either the concentration in the crystal or the concentration in the melt (preparation).
- the concentration in the crystal is 1
- the concentration at the time of charging is about 5 o
- a garment represented by the composition of (Pr Y) A1 0 (Pr0.1%: YAG) by the micro pull-down method.
- a single crystal for a net type oxide scintillator was produced.
- the obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a garment represented by the composition of (Pr Y) A1 0 (Pr 0.2%: YAG) by the micro pull-down method.
- a single crystal for one-net type acid scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for one-net type acid scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- Garnet type represented by the composition of (Pr Y) A1 0 (Pr0.2%: YAG)
- a single crystal for an acid scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- Garnet represented by the composition of (Pr Lu) Al 0 (Pr0.2%: LuAG)
- a single crystal for type oxide scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for a chemical scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- Fig. 8 is a graph showing the profile obtained as a result of measuring the emission characteristics of Pr0.1%: YAG, PrO.2%: YAG and BGO by radiolumiescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa).
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measuring luminescence characteristics of Pr0.1%: LuAG, PrO.2%: LuAG and BGO by radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa).
- Fig. 10 is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measuring emission characteristics of PrO.2%: YSO and BGO by radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa). In both cases, the emission peak of BGO is enlarged 10 times and compared.
- Fig. 11 shows Pr0.2%: YAG fluorescence decay time (Photoluminescence decay), and Fig. 12 shows PrO.2%: LuA Fig. 13 is a graph showing the profile obtained as a result of measuring the fluorescence decay time for G and Photoluminescence for the fluorescence decay time for Pr0.2%: YSO.
- the light emission of the Pr-containing acid oxide single crystal for scintillator in the present invention has a very high absolute light yield. Furthermore, the fluorescence decay time is less than 20nse C , indicating that it is very excellent as a scintillator material.
- the light emission of the single crystal for an acid oxide scintillator containing Pr in the present invention includes a slow component.
- it because of its very high absolute light yield, it has a short life component only for PET and sufficiently exceeds BGO, GSO, etc. This suggests that the use of delayed light emission for non-destructive inspection applications such as X-ray CT and radiation transmission inspection equipment can be used as a single crystal for scintillators with a higher absolute light yield.
- a single crystal for a garnet-type acid oxide scintillator represented by The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for a garnet-type acid oxide scintillator represented by AG) was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for a scintillator was produced.
- the obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- Example B5 Perov represented by the composition of (PrY) A10 (Prl% preparation: YAP)
- a single crystal for a scite type oxide scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for a chemical scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for perovskite type oxide scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- Figure 22 shows the emission characteristics of PrO.2%, Scl%: YAG ⁇ PrO.2%, Scl%: LuAG ⁇ PrO.2%, Mg5%, Hf5%: LuAG and BGO. : Cu is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measurement by Cu).
- Figure 23 shows the results for Prl%: Y 0
- FIG. 23 This is a graph showing a profile file obtained as a result of measuring luminescence characteristics with Radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa).
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measuring the emission characteristics of Prl%: YAP by radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa).
- Figure 25 shows the emission characteristics of Prl%: YVO. Radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: Cu
- Fig. 26 shows the emission characteristics of PrO.2%: L aLuO measured with Radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa)
- 2 2 7 is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measuring optical characteristics with Radioluminescence (X-ray excitation: CuKa).
- Figure 28 shows the light emission of PrO.2%: YAG, PrO.2%: LuAG and BGO by ⁇ -ray excitation. This is the determined result. According to Fig. 28, when a peak appears on the larger side of the X axis channel, it is shown that a high emission amount of fluorescence is observed. According to the measurement result, PrO.2%: YAG Twice BGO, PrO.2%: LuAG showed three times as much as BGO!
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (Photoluminescence decay) in PrO.2%, Scl%: YAG. Data showing a short fluorescence lifetime of 12.6 ns was obtained.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (Photolumine scence decay) in PrO.2%, Scl%: LuAG. Data showing a short fluorescence lifetime of 21.3 ns was obtained.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (Photoluminescence decay) in PrO.2%, Mg5%, Hf5%: LuAG. Data showing a fluorescence lifetime as short as 21.7 ns was obtained.
- Figure 32 shows Prl% preparation: Y 0
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (photoluminescence decay) in 2 3. Data showing a fluorescence lifetime as short as 21.5 ns was obtained.
- Fig. 33 is a graph showing a profile of measurement results of fluorescence decay time (photoluminescence decay) in Prl% preparation: YAP. Data showing a short fluorescence lifetime of 11.2 ns was obtained.
- Fig. 34 shows preparation of Prl%: Luminescence decay time (Photoluminescence decay) in LuVO
- the light emission of the Pr-containing acid-containing single crystal for scintillator in the present invention has a very high absolute light yield. Furthermore, the fluorescence decay time is less than 20nse C , indicating that it is very excellent as a scintillator material.
- the light emission of the single crystal for an acid oxide scintillator containing Pr in the present invention includes a slow component.
- it because of its very high absolute light yield, it has a short life component only for PET and sufficiently exceeds BGO, GSO, etc.
- Higher absolute light yield is achieved by using delayed light emission for non-destructive inspection applications such as X-ray CT and radiation transmission inspection equipment. It is suggested that it can be used as a single crystal for a scintillator.
- a single crystal for a material scintillator was produced.
- the obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- a single crystal for fluoride scintillator was prepared. The obtained crystal is shown in FIG. This single crystal was transparent.
- Fig. 39 is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measuring PRL%: KYF emission characteristics with Radioluminescence
- Fig. 40 is a result of measuring emission characteristics of BGO with Radiolumines cence. It is a graph which shows a profile.
- FIG. 41 is a graph showing a profile obtained as a result of measuring the fluorescence decay time at 218 nm excitation ⁇ 240 nm with Photoluminescence for Prl% preparation: KYF.
- the emission of Pr-containing fluoride scintillator single crystals in the present invention has a very high absolute light yield. Furthermore, the fluorescence decay time is less than 20 nsec, indicating that it is an excellent scintillator material.
- Patent Document 1 used as a conventional single crystal for a scintillator
- FIG. 42 is a graph showing a profile of the light emission characteristics.
- the conventional gadolinium 'gallium' garnet (GGG) type oxide single crystal does not emit light based on fluorescence in the ultraviolet region, or the amount of light emission is extremely small. Recognize. That is, in the single crystal of GGG type oxide, the peak derived from the f-transition of Gd and P It is inferred that no peak derived from 5d-4 transition of r occurs. Therefore, it is suggested that it is difficult to obtain the amount of luminescence required for high-speed radiation detection, because the GGG-type oxide single crystal does not produce high-energy energy emission.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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EP05800432A EP1816241A4 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-07 | PR-CONTAINING CRYSTAL FOR SCINTILLATOR, MANUFACTURING METHOD, RADIATION DETECTOR AND INSPECTION APPARATUS |
JP2006542463A JP5389328B2 (ja) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-07 | Prを含むシンチレータ用単結晶及びその製造方法並びに放射線検出器及び検査装置 |
US11/718,776 US9834858B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-07 | Pr-containing scintillator single crystal, method of manufacturing the same, radiation detector, and inspection apparatus |
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JP2009031132A (ja) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-12 | Tohoku Univ | 放射線検出器 |
JP2009120809A (ja) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-06-04 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | シンチレータ用単結晶 |
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WO2012147744A1 (ja) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-11-01 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 紫外光発生用ターゲット、電子線励起紫外光源、及び紫外光発生用ターゲットの製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1816241A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
EP1816241A4 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
US20080213151A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
RU2389835C2 (ru) | 2010-05-20 |
CN102888653A (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
CN102888652B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
CN102888652A (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
TW200630463A (en) | 2006-09-01 |
JP5389328B2 (ja) | 2014-01-15 |
JPWO2006049284A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
RU2007121448A (ru) | 2008-12-20 |
TWI368643B (ja) | 2012-07-21 |
US9834858B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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