WO2006022197A1 - メモリセル及び磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ - Google Patents
メモリセル及び磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006022197A1 WO2006022197A1 PCT/JP2005/015122 JP2005015122W WO2006022197A1 WO 2006022197 A1 WO2006022197 A1 WO 2006022197A1 JP 2005015122 W JP2005015122 W JP 2005015122W WO 2006022197 A1 WO2006022197 A1 WO 2006022197A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
- G11C11/15—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements using multiple magnetic layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
- H10B61/20—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
- H10B61/22—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors of the field-effect transistor [FET] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/902—Specified use of nanostructure
- Y10S977/932—Specified use of nanostructure for electronic or optoelectronic application
- Y10S977/933—Spintronics or quantum computing
- Y10S977/935—Spin dependent tunnel, SDT, junction, e.g. tunneling magnetoresistance, TMR
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a memory cell and a magnetic random access memory, and more particularly to a memory cell including a tunneling magnetic resistance element and a magnetic random access memory using the same.
- MRAM magnetic random access memory
- toggle MRAM is a tunnel magnetoresistive element whose storage element uses a laminated ferri structure for a free layer.
- This MRAM is characterized in that it has excellent memory cell selectivity during a write operation and almost no multiple write occurs. This will be described in detail below.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional toggle MRAM.
- an antiferromagnetic layer 104 In the magnetoresistive element 105 of the memory cell 110 of this MRAM, an antiferromagnetic layer 104, a laminated ferrimagnetic pinned layer 103, a tunnel insulating layer 102, and a laminated free layer 101 are laminated in this order.
- the laminated free pinned layer 103 has a laminated ferrimagnetic structure, and includes a ferromagnetic layer 116, a non-ferromagnetic layer 115, and a ferromagnetic layer 114.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 101 has a laminated ferrimagnetic structure, and includes a ferromagnetic layer 113, a non-ferromagnetic layer 112, and a ferromagnetic layer 111.
- the magnetoresistive element 105 is sandwiched between a write word line 126 and a bit line 127 that intersect each other substantially perpendicularly.
- the reason why the laminated ferri pinned layer 103 is a laminated ferri structure is that a magnetic field is not emitted from the laminated ferri pinned layer 103.
- the direction of the magnetic field is fixed by the antiferromagnetic layer 104.
- the laminated ferri free layer 101 is also formed of a laminated ferri structure, and no magnetic field is generated from the laminated ferri pinned layer 103 or the laminated ferri free layer 101 unless an external magnetic field is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a top view showing a structure of a conventional toggle MRAM.
- a plurality of write word lines 126 and a bit line 127 are arranged perpendicularly (only one is shown in the figure).
- a magnetoresistive element 105 is disposed at each intersection.
- the direction in which the magnetoresistive element 105 is easy to be magnetized is substantially 45 degrees ( ⁇ ) with respect to the word line 126 and the bit line 127. This is due to considerations for facilitating the toggle operation.
- toggle MR AM writing can only be done from “1” ⁇ “0” or “0” ⁇ “1”. In other words, “1” cannot be overwritten with “1”, and “0” cannot be overwritten with “0”. For this reason, the toggle memory write operation is performed by reading the selected memory cell in advance, and the first and second free layer magnetic fields are read from the read information and the information to be written. This is done based on whether or not the force changes direction (whether or not toggling). In other words, the read information (“0” or “1”) and the information to be written (“0” or “1”) are equal. If the information you are trying to use is different, toggle it.
- FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (h) are diagrams showing a toggle operation principle in a conventional toggle MRAM.
- A is a timing chart of the write current IBL flowing through the bit line 127.
- FIG. (B) is a timing chart of the write current IWL flowing through the word line 126.
- C shows time changes in the magnetic layer direction 121s of the ferromagnetic layer 113 and the magnetic layer direction 122s of the ferromagnetic layer 111 in the selected cell as the memory cell 110 to which data is written.
- D is a time change in the direction of the magnetic field generated by the write current IBL and the write current IWL.
- (E) shows time variations in the magnetic direction 121a of the ferromagnetic layer 113 and the magnetic direction 122a of the ferromagnetic layer 111 in the non-selected cell of the same bit line 127 as the selected cell.
- (F) is the time change in the direction of the magnetic field generated by the write current IBL.
- (G) is a time change of the magnetic layer direction 121b of the ferromagnetic layer 113 and the magnetic layer direction 122b of the ferromagnetic layer 111 in the non-selected cell of the same word line 126 as the selected cell.
- (H) is the time variation of the direction of the magnetic field generated by the write current IWL.
- the toggle operation supplies the write current IBL to the bit line 127 at time t2.
- the write current IWL is supplied to the word line 126.
- the write current IBL is stopped at time t4.
- Write current IWL is stopped at time t5.
- a rotating magnetic field such as the magnetic field 123—the magnetic field 1 24—the magnetic field 125 shown in (d) is applied to the selected cell at the intersection of the selected bit lines 127 to which is supplied.
- data can be written by rotating (changing) the magnetic direction 121s of the ferromagnetic layer 113 and the magnetic direction 122s of the ferromagnetic layer 111 of the selected cell. That is, if the initial state is “0”, it is rewritten to “1”, and if it is “1”, it is rewritten to “0” (toggled).
- a non-selected cell of the same bit line 127 as the selected cell is not subjected to a magnetic field force in one direction like the magnetic field 123 shown in (f). Therefore, as shown in (e), the magnetic layer direction 121a of the ferromagnetic layer 113 and the magnetic layer direction 122a of the ferromagnetic layer 111 of the non-selected cell are slightly changed, but return to the original values. Can not write. Similarly, a non-selected cell on the same lead line 126 as the selected cell does not apply a unidirectional magnetic field force like the magnetic field 125 shown in (h).
- the magnetic layer direction 121b of the ferromagnetic layer 113 and the magnetic layer direction 122b of the ferromagnetic layer 111 of the non-selected cell return to a certain force with some fluctuations. I can not write the data.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the state of the magnetic orientation of the upper and lower ferromagnetic layers when subjected to thermal disturbance.
- the composite magnetic layer of the laminated ferri free layer 101 approaches saturation.
- the magnetic field of the upper ferromagnetic layer 111 and the magnetic field of the lower ferromagnetic layer 113 are interchanged by thermal disturbance.
- the flop magnetic field is a magnetic field at the boundary between a region where the magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 101 changes nonlinearly with respect to the magnetic field and a region where the magnetic field changes linearly.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-158766 discloses techniques of a magnetoresistive effect element and a magnetic memory device.
- the magnetoresistive element includes a first magnetization pinned layer, a first tunnel barrier layer, a magnetization free layer including a first ferromagnetic layer, a nonmagnetic layer, and a second ferromagnetic layer, and a second A tunnel barrier layer and a second magnetization pinned layer;
- the magnetic directions of the first and second magnetic pinned layers are opposite to each other.
- the first ferromagnetic The antiferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled via the nonmagnetic layer.
- One magnetization of the first and second ferromagnetic layers is larger than the other magnetization.
- One of the first and second magnetic pinned layers is larger than the other magnetic layer.
- the magnetized pinned layer having a large magnetization is formed on the side close to the ferromagnetic layer having a small magnetic field among the first and second ferromagnetic layers.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-298023 discloses a technique of a magnetic memory and a magnetic memory device.
- the magnetic memory includes first and second magnetoresistive effect elements facing each other, a common wire interposed between the first and second magnetoresistive effect elements, and the first magnetoresistive effect with respect to the common wire.
- the first magnetoresistance effect element includes a first pinned layer and a first free layer.
- the first pinned layer includes a stacked body in which an even number of ferromagnetic layers are stacked via a nonmagnetic layer, and applies a first magnetic field generated by flowing a write current through the common wiring and the first wiring. Maintains the direction of magnetisation when burned.
- the first free layer includes a laminated body that is interposed between the first pinned layer and the common wiring and is formed by laminating one ferromagnetic layer or a plurality of ferromagnetic layers with a nonmagnetic layer interposed therebetween. When applying a magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field can be reversed.
- the second magnetoresistance effect element includes a second pinned layer and a second free layer.
- the second pinned layer includes a laminated body formed by laminating one ferromagnetic layer or three or more odd-numbered ferromagnetic layers via a nonmagnetic layer and writing current to the common wiring and the second wiring.
- the direction of the magnetic field is maintained when the second magnetic field generated by flowing is applied.
- the second free layer includes a laminated body that is interposed between the second pinned layer and the common wiring and is formed by laminating one ferromagnetic layer or a plurality of ferromagnetic layers via a nonmagnetic layer. When the second magnetic field is applied, the direction of the magnetic field can be reversed.
- the number of the ferromagnetic layers included in the first free layer and the number of the ferromagnetic layers included in the second free layer are both odd or even.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-110164 discloses techniques of a magnetoresistive effect element, a magnetic memory, and a magnetic head.
- the magnetoresistive effect element includes a magnetic laminated film, a ferromagnetic film, and an insulating film provided between the magnetic laminated film and the ferromagnetic film. Tunneling through the insulating film, electric current is generated between the magnetic laminated film and the ferromagnetic film. This is a tunnel junction type magnetoresistive effect element through which a current flows.
- the magnetic multilayer film includes a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and an antiferromagnetic layer inserted between the first and second ferromagnetic layers. .
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-353535 discloses a technique of a magnetoresistive effect element, a magnetoresistive effect type magnetic sensor, a magnetoresistive effect type magnetic head, and a magnetic memory.
- the magnetoresistive effect element includes at least a free layer that rotates in response to an external magnetic field, a fixed layer, an antiferromagnetic layer that fixes a magnetic layer of the fixed layer, and the free layer and the fixed layer. And a non-magnetic layer interposed therebetween.
- It is a giant magnetoresistive effect element in which the stacking direction is substantially the stacking direction of the stacked structure portion.
- An energization restricting layer that disperses and forms fine energization regions across the sense current path is disposed in the laminated structure portion.
- JP 2002-151758 A discloses a technique of a ferromagnetic tunnel magnetoresistive element, a magnetic memory, and a magnetoresistive head.
- a tunnel barrier layer is formed between the first magnetic layer and a multilayer structure in which at least five ferromagnetic layers and intermediate layers are laminated.
- the first magnetic layer is constrained in the direction of its magnetic field with respect to an external magnetic field that acts.
- the ferromagnetic layer constituting the multilayer structure rotates in the direction of its magnetic field with respect to an external magnetic field, and its magnetization is arranged antiferromagnetically via the intermediate layer.
- a ferromagnetic tunnel magnetoresistive film whose resistance varies depending on the relative angle of the magnetic field of the first magnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer constituting the multilayer structure; and a sense current applied to the ferromagnetic tunnel magnetoresistive film.
- the lower and upper electrodes are in electrical contact with the lower and upper magnetic layers for supply, and detection means for detecting resistance change.
- An object of the present invention is to prevent the resultant magnetic field from approaching saturation due to the magnetic field for writing, and the magnetization of the upper ferromagnetic layer of the free layer having the stacked ferrimagnetic structure and the lower ferromagnetic layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a memory cell and a magnetic random access memory that suppress the possibility that the magnetic field is replaced by a thermal disturbance.
- Another object of the present invention is a high reliability, high yield, inexpensive memory cell and magnetic run. It is to provide a dumb access memory.
- the memory cell of the present invention includes a plurality of magnetoresistive elements and a plurality of laminated ferrimagnetic structures.
- the plurality of magnetoresistive elements respectively correspond to positions where the plurality of first wirings extending in the first direction intersect with the plurality of second wirings extending in the second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. It is provided.
- the plurality of laminated ferrimagnetic structures are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of magnetoresistive elements and separated from the magnetoresistive elements by a predetermined distance, and have a laminated ferrimagnetic structure.
- the magnetoresistive element includes a free layer having a laminated ferrimagnetic structure, a fixed layer, and a nonmagnetic layer interposed between the free layer and the fixed layer.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure adjusts the magnitude of the magnetic field acting on the free layer, the composite magnetic layer can be prevented from approaching saturation.
- the distance within a predetermined range does not cause magnetic coupling between the laminated ferrimagnetic structure and the free layer (coupling constant is approximately 0), and the magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure magnetized during the write operation This is the working distance.
- Such a memory cell can reliably write data.
- the flop magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure is equal to that of the free layer. It is preferably greater than the flop magnetic field.
- the flop magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure is preferably smaller than the saturation magnetic field of the free layer.
- Such a memory cell can suppress the magnetic field applied before the magnetic field applied to the memory cell reaches the saturation magnetic field. Thereby, the magnitude of the magnetic field acting on the free layer can be adjusted more appropriately.
- the free layer includes a first magnetic layer formed of a ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic layer formed of a ferromagnetic material, a first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer. And a first nonmagnetic layer having a thickness such that the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled to each other.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure includes a third magnetic layer formed of a ferromagnetic material, a fourth magnetic layer formed of a ferromagnetic material, and a third magnetic layer interposed between the third magnetic layer and the fourth magnetic layer. And a second nonmagnetic layer having a thickness such that the third magnetic layer and the fourth magnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled. It is preferable that the first magnetic layer and the third magnetic layer, the second magnetic layer and the fourth magnetic layer, and the first nonmagnetic layer and the second nonmagnetic layer are made of the same material, respectively. ,.
- Such a memory cell can be stably manufactured because the manufacturing process of the free layer can be used for the manufacture of the laminated free magnetic structure.
- the film thickness of the first nonmagnetic layer is larger than the film thickness of the second nonmagnetic layer.
- the flop magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure can be made larger than the flop magnetic field of the free layer.
- the magnetic saturation magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure is It is preferable that the magnetic field of the free layer is smaller than the saturation magnetic field.
- the free layer includes a first magnetic layer formed of a ferromagnetic material, a second magnetic layer formed of a ferromagnetic material, a first magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer. And a first nonmagnetic layer having a thickness such that the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled to each other.
- a laminated ferrimagnetic structure consists of a third magnetic layer made of a ferromagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material. The second magnetic layer, and the second nonmagnetic layer having a film thickness interposed between the third magnetic layer and the fourth magnetic layer so that the third magnetic layer and the fourth magnetic layer are antiferromagnetically coupled. Including layers. It is preferable that the first magnetic layer and the third magnetic layer, the second magnetic layer and the fourth magnetic layer, and the first nonmagnetic layer and the second nonmagnetic layer are made of the same material, respectively. ,.
- Such a memory cell can be manufactured stably because the process for manufacturing the free layer can be used for manufacturing a laminated free magnetic structure.
- the thickness of the second nonmagnetic layer is preferably larger than the thickness of the first nonmagnetic layer.
- the saturation magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure can be set sufficiently smaller than the saturation magnetic field of the free layer.
- the magnetic random access memory includes a plurality of first wirings, a plurality of second wirings, and a plurality of memory cells.
- the plurality of first wirings extend in the first direction.
- the plurality of second wirings extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
- the plurality of memory cells are provided in correspondence with the positions where the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings cross each other. / This is described in one item.
- the easy axis direction is different from the first direction and the second direction.
- Such a magnetic random access memory adjusts the magnitude of the magnetic field applied to the free layer by the laminated ferrimagnetic structure, so that the synthesized magnetic field can be prevented from approaching saturation. As a result, it is possible to suppress the possibility that the magnetic layer of the upper ferromagnetic layer of the free layer and the magnetic layer of the lower ferromagnetic layer are exchanged by thermal disturbance.
- the angle formed between the magnetic easy axis direction and the first direction is substantially 45 degrees.
- Such a magnetic random access memory can perform the toggle operation more appropriately.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional toggle MRAM.
- FIG. 2 is a top view showing a structure of a conventional toggle MRAM.
- FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (h) are diagrams showing the principle of toggle operation in the conventional toggle MRAM.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the direction of the magnetic field of the upper and lower ferromagnetic layers when subjected to thermal disturbance.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the MRAM according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the memory cell of the MRAM in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing the structure of the MRAM of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state of a magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive element 5.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the magnetic field characteristics with respect to the external magnetic field Hhard in the direction of the hard axis.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing magnetization characteristics with respect to an external magnetic field Heasy in the easy axis direction.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing magnetic field characteristics with respect to an external magnetic field Hmid in a direction between the hard axis direction and the easy axis direction.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the influence of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure (shielder) on the magnetic body of the memory cell.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the influence of a laminated ferrimagnetic structure (shielder) on the magnetic body of a memory cell.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the memory cell of the MRAM in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a top view showing the structure of the MRAM of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a state of a magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive element 5.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an influence of a laminated ferrimagnetic structure (a magnetic material of a keno memory cell).
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an influence of a laminated ferrimagnetic structure (a magnetic material of a keno memory cell).
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer and the coupling coefficient between the ferromagnetic layers in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the MRAM to which the memory cell of the present invention is applied.
- MRAM consists of memory cell array 31, multiple write word lines 26, multiple read word lines 25, multiple bit lines 27, X-side selector 38, X-side current source circuit 39, X-side termination circuit 40, Y-side selector 41, A Y-side current source circuit 42, a read-out current load circuit 43, a Y-side current termination circuit 44, and a sense amplifier 45 are provided.
- the memory cells 10 are arranged in a matrix.
- the X-side selector 38 selects a desired selected read word line 25s during a read operation from a plurality of read word lines 25 and a plurality of write word lines 26 extending in the X-axis direction, and a desired selected write word during a write operation. Select line 26s.
- the X-side current source circuit 39 supplies a constant current during a write operation.
- the X-side current source termination circuit 40 terminates the plurality of write word lines 26.
- the Y-side selector 41 selects a desired selected bit line 27s from a plurality of bit lines 27 extending in the Y-axis direction.
- the read current load circuit 43 supplies a predetermined current to the selected memory cell 10 (selected cell 10s) and the reference cell memory cell 10r (reference cell) during a read operation.
- the Y side current termination circuit 44 terminates the plurality of bit lines 27.
- the sense amplifier 45 outputs the data of the selected cell 10s based on the difference between the voltage of the reference bit line 27r connected to the reference cell 10r and the voltage of the bit line 27 connected to the selected cell 10s.
- the memory cell 10 is provided corresponding to the intersection of the read word line 25, the write word line 26, and the bit line 27.
- the MOS transistor 36 which becomes N and the magnetoresistive element 5 are included, and they are connected in series.
- the effective resistance value of the magnetoresistive element 5 changes depending on the data “1” and “0” (R and R + AR), and is shown as a variable resistor, but in FIG.
- the illustration of the ferrimagnetic structure 8 is omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the memory cell of the MRAM in FIG.
- the magnetoresistive element 5 of the memory cell 10 has a structure in which an antiferromagnetic layer 4, a laminated ferri pinned layer 3, a tunnel insulating layer 2, and a laminated ferri free layer 1 are laminated in this order.
- the laminated ferri pinned layer 3 has a laminated ferri structure. It includes a structure in which a ferromagnetic layer 16, a non-ferromagnetic layer 15, and a ferromagnetic layer 14 are stacked in this order.
- the laminated ferri-free layer 1 has a laminated ferri structure.
- the magnetoresistive element 5 is provided between a write word line 26 and a bit line 27 that are substantially orthogonal to each other via an interlayer insulating layer (not shown).
- a nonmagnetic layer 9 and a laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 are laminated in this order on the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1. Yes.
- the film thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 9 is set so that the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1 and the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 do not cause magnetic coupling.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 has a laminated ferrimagnetic structure (laminated ferrimagnetic structure). It includes a structure in which a ferromagnetic layer 19, a nonmagnetic layer 18, and a ferromagnetic layer 17 are stacked in this order.
- FIG. 7 is a top view showing the structure of the MRAM of the present invention.
- the easy axis of magnetization is oriented in the direction of approximately 45 degrees (0) with respect to the word line 26 and the bit line 27. This is due to considerations to facilitate toggle operation.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 on the magnetoresistive element 5 has substantially the same cross-sectional structure as the magnetoresistive element 5 in view of the upper surface force. This is preferable for enhancing the magnetic effect on the magnetoresistive element 5.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the state of the magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive element.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is in the same direction (on the same side) as the magnetoresistive element 5 with respect to the bit line 27 and the word line 26 (see FIG. 6).
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 has an action of weakening the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive element 5 when a current IBL flowing through the bit line 27 or a current IWL flowing through the word line 26 is passed during a write operation. As shown in FIG. 8, the current IBL flowing in the + Y direction on the bit line 27 applies a magnetic field HBX 1 in the + X direction to the magnetoresistive element 5.
- the current IBL applies a magnetic field HBX2 in the + X direction to the laminated free magnetic structure 8 provided corresponding to the magnetoresistive element 5.
- Application of the magnetic field HBX2 induces a magnetic field MX in the + X direction in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8.
- the magnetic layer MX induced in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 applies a magnetic field HFX to the magnetoresistive element 5.
- the magnetic field HFX is in the —X direction opposite to the magnetic field HBX1.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 has the effect of weakening the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive element 5 when the current IBL is passed through the bit line 27. From the same consideration, it is understood that when the current IWL is passed through the word line 26, the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive element 5 is weakened.
- FIGS 9 to 11 are graphs showing the magnetic properties of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure.
- Figure 9 shows the magnetic properties for the external magnetic field Hhard in the direction of the hard axis.
- the vertical axis is the magnet M
- the horizontal axis is the external magnetic field Hhard in the direction of the hard axis.
- the curve A in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8, when the applied external magnetic field Hhard is 0 to Hs (saturated magnetic field), the magnetization M changes linearly with respect to the external magnetic field.
- the applied external magnetic field Hhard is higher than Hs, the magnetic field M is saturated and becomes constant.
- FIG. 10 shows magnetization characteristics with respect to the external magnetic field Heasy in the easy axis direction.
- the vertical axis is magnetized M
- the horizontal axis is the external magnetic field Heasy in the direction of the easy axis.
- curve B in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8, when the applied external magnetic field Heasy is between 0 and Hf (flop magnetic field), the internal antiferromagnetic coupling is not broken, so The magnetic flux M that is difficult to be induced is substantially zero.
- the applied external magnetic field Heasy becomes Hf
- the magnetization M increases discontinuously.
- the magnetization M changes linearly with respect to the external magnetic field.
- the applied external magnetic field Heasy is equal to or higher than Hs, the magnetic field M is saturated and becomes constant.
- FIG. 11 shows the magnetic field characteristics with respect to the external magnetic field Hmid in the direction (intermediate direction) between the magnetic field difficult axis direction and the magnetic field easy axis direction.
- the vertical axis represents the magnetic field M
- the horizontal axis represents the intermediate external magnetic field Hmid.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 shows a magnetic property obtained by combining the magnetic properties shown by the curve A in FIG. 9 and the curve B in FIG. Multilayer ferrimagnetic structure In the structure 8, when the applied external magnetic field Hmid is small, the magnetization M is induced minutely and monotonously with respect to the external magnetic field Hmid.
- the low magnetic field region until the magnetization exhibits a linear property is referred to as a nonlinear magnetization region.
- FIG. 10 shows each of these areas by way of example.
- the external magnetic field from 0 to Hf is the nonlinear magnetic domain.
- the non-linear magnetic domain is from 0 to the threshold value HT.
- the magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is small. Therefore, the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 does not apply a magnetic field to the magnetoresistive element 5. Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the word line 26 and the bit line 27 should not be canceled by the magnetoresistive element 5! / ⁇ (Do not shield the generated magnetic field! /,).
- the magnetic field generated by the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 cancels the magnetic field generated by the word line 26 and the bit line 27 in the magnetoresistive element 5 (shields the generated magnetic field).
- the magnetic field HBX2 to the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 becomes more than that, the magnetic field MX of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 becomes large. Therefore, the magnetic field HFX by the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 cancels (shields) the magnetic field HBX1 generated by the bit line 27 in the magnetoresistive element 5.
- FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are diagrams showing the influence of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure (shielder) on the magnetic body of the memory cell.
- the magnetoresistive element 5 is tilted by ⁇ with respect to the Y axis. So as a result, the magnetic fields HX (magnetic material) and HY (magnetic material) of the magnetoresistive element 5 (laminated ferri-free layer 1) in the hard axis direction and the easy axis direction are connected to the wiring (word line 26 and bit line 27). It is tilted by ⁇ relative to the magnetic field HX (wiring) and HY (wiring) in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. Dashed arrows are paths of the magnetic field applied to the selected cell. The solid arrow is the effective magnetic field path applied to the selected cell.
- the flop magnetic field Hf of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is set smaller than the (magnetization) saturation magnetic field of the cell magnetic material, which is larger than the flop magnetic field of the cell magnetic material (laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1).
- the material of the magnetic material (ferromagnetic layer 17 and ferromagnetic layer 19) and the material of the non-magnetic material (nonmagnetic layer 18) forming the laminated ferrimagnetic structure in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 are: Each shall be the same as the laminated ferri-free layer 1.
- the film thicknesses of the ferromagnetic layer 17 and the ferromagnetic layer 19 and the film thicknesses of the ferromagnetic layer 11 and the ferromagnetic layer 13 of the laminated ferri-free layer 1 are set to the same value.
- the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 18 and the nonmagnetic layer 12 of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1 are set to different values.
- the antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic layers is strengthened.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer (nonmagnetic layer) and the coupling coefficient between the ferromagnetic layers in the laminated free magnetic structure.
- the vertical axis is the coupling coefficient, which is defined to be positive when the ferromagnetic layers are antiferromagnetically coupled.
- the horizontal axis is the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer.
- the coupling coefficient oscillates while attenuating between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic depending on the film thickness of the nonmagnetic intermediate layer (nonmagnetic layer 18, nonmagnetic layer 12). In the case of FIG. 12 and FIG.
- the film thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 18 of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is tl, and the film thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 12 of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1 Is t2.
- the flop magnetic field Hf of 8 shield
- the flop magnetic field Hf of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is more reliably set than the flop magnetic field of the cell magnetic body (laminated ferrifree layer 1).
- the laminated ferri-free layer 1 and the shield need only be designed so as to increase the size.
- laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 when a magnetic field outside the nonlinear magnetization region of laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 (shielder) is applied, laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is magnetized. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic field applied to the memory cell is weakened (shielded), so the effective magnetic field applied to the memory cell is reduced. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 13, when the flop magnetic field H of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 (the cylinder) is small and the magnetic field is applied, the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is hardly magnetized. Thereby, the effective magnetic field applied to the memory cell is not shielded.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 is completely magnetized, so the “magnetic field path of the selected cell” and the “effective magnetic field of the selected cell” The “path” matches.
- shielding is performed at the same rate as in FIG. Inside the nonlinear magnetization region, it is shielded about halfway between magnetization 0 and normal magnetization.
- the “effective magnetic field path of the selected cell” is the saturation magnetic field of the cell magnetic material.
- the “effective magnetic field path of the selected cell” can be designed to pass outside the flop magnetic field Hf of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1.
- Data is read from the memory cell 10 as follows.
- the subscript s indicates that it has been selected.
- Selected read word line 25s selected by X side selector 38 and selected by Y side selector A constant current is supplied from the read current load circuit 43 to the magnetoresistive element 5 of the selected cell 10s corresponding to the intersection with the selected bit line 27s.
- the selected bit line 27s has a voltage corresponding to the state of the laminated ferri-free layer 111 of the magnetoresistive element 5.
- a constant current is similarly supplied to the reference cell 10r selected by the bit line 27r and the selective read word line 25s.
- the bit line 27r becomes a predetermined reference voltage.
- the sense amplifier 115 compares the magnitudes of both voltages and determines the data of the selected cell 10s. For example, if the voltage force of the selected bit line 27s is greater than the reference voltage, the data is determined as “1”, and if it is smaller, the data is determined as “0”. Data writing to the memory cell 10 will be described later.
- Read operation is performed on the magnetoresistive element 5 of the selected cell 10s corresponding to the intersection of the selective write word line 26s selected by the X-side selector 38 and the selected bit line 27s selected by the Y-side selector. . If the read data is data to be written, the write operation is completed. If the read data is not the data to be written, either the write current IBL or the write current IWL is flowed first and the other for a predetermined time according to the data to be written (either “1” or “0”). Send it to flow. Then, the current that flowed first is stopped first, and the current that flowed later is stopped later. Thereby, the direction of the magnetic field of the magnetoresistive element 5 is rotated so as to correspond to the data to be written (either “1” or “0”), and the data is written.
- the present invention it is possible to prevent the combined magnetic field in the stacked ferrimagnetic free layer 1 of the memory cell from approaching the saturated magnetic field by the magnetic field for writing due to the current of the word line 26 and the bit line 27. .
- the reliability and yield of the memory cell and the magnetic random access memory can be further increased, and the cost of magnetic random access can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the MRAM to which the memory cell of the present invention is applied. Since these are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the memory cell of the MRAM in FIG. Since the magnetic resistance element 5 of the memory cell 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment, its description is omitted.
- the magnetoresistive element 5 is provided on one side of the write word line 26 and the bit line 27 substantially orthogonal to each other via an interlayer insulating layer (not shown).
- a laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 a (hereinafter also referred to as “Keno”) is provided on the other side of the write word line 26 and the bit line 27 via an interlayer insulating layer (not shown).
- the ferrimagnetic structure 8a includes a laminated ferrimagnetic structure (laminated ferrimagnetic structure) in which a ferromagnetic layer 19, a nonmagnetic layer 18, and a ferromagnetic layer 17 are laminated in this order.
- FIG. 15 is a top view showing the structure of the MRAM of the present invention.
- the easy axis of magnetization is oriented in the direction of approximately 45 degrees (0) with respect to the word line 26 and the bit line 27. This is due to considerations to facilitate toggle operation.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 on the magnetoresistive element 5 has substantially the same cross-sectional structure as the magnetoresistive element 5 in view of the upper surface force. This is preferable for enhancing the magnetic effect on the magnetoresistive element 5.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the state of the magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive element 5.
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a is in the opposite direction (opposite side) to the magnetoresistive element 5 with respect to the bit line 27 and the word line 26 (see FIG. 14).
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a has an action of strengthening the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive element 5 when the current IBL flowing through the bit line 27 and the current IWL flowing through the word line 26 are passed during the write operation.
- the current IBL flowing in the + Y direction on the bit line 27 applies a magnetic field HBX 1 in the + X direction to the magnetoresistive element 5. Further, the current IBL applies a magnetic field HBX2 in the ⁇ X direction to the laminated free magnetic structure 8a provided corresponding to the magnetoresistive element 5. Application of the magnetic field HBX2 induces a magnetic field MX in the ⁇ X direction in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a. The magnetic field MX induced in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 a applies a magnetic field HFX to the magnetoresistive element 5.
- the magnetoresistive element 5 and the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a When located on the opposite side, the magnetic field HFX is in the same + X direction as the magnetic field HBX1. Therefore, the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8 a has an effect of strengthening the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive element 5 when the current IBL is passed through the bit line 27. From the same consideration, it is understood that when the current IWL is passed through the word line 26, the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive element 5 is strengthened.
- the magnetic field characteristics of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11 of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagrams showing the influence of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure (the magnetic material of the keno memory cell).
- the magnetoresistive element 5 is tilted by ⁇ with respect to the Y axis.
- the magnetic fields HX (magnetic material) and HY (magnetic material) of the magnetoresistive element 5 (laminated ferri-free layer 1) in the hard axis direction and the easy axis direction are wired (word line 26 and bit line 27).
- HX magnetic material
- HY magnetic material
- the dashed arrow is the path of the magnetic field applied to the selected cell. This is the path of the effective magnetic field applied to the selected cell.
- the (magnetization) saturation magnetic field of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a (keeper) is larger than the (magnetization) saturation magnetic field of the cell magnetic body (lamination free layer 1).
- the material of the magnetic material (ferromagnetic layer 17 and ferromagnetic layer 19) and the material of the non-magnetic material (non-magnetic layer 18) forming the laminated ferrimagnetic structure in the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a are respectively laminated. Same as ferri free layer 1.
- the film thicknesses of the ferromagnetic layer 17 and the ferromagnetic layer 19 and the film thicknesses of the ferromagnetic layer 11 and the ferromagnetic layer 13 of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1 are set to the same value.
- the film thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 18 and the film thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 12 of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1 are different from each other. And the antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic layers is weakened.
- the antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic layers is weakened by the following method. Referring to FIG. 19, in the case of FIGS. 17 and 18, the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a (the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 18 ofconso is t3, and the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 12 of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1 is t2. By rubbing in this way, the antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic layers of the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a can be made weaker than that of the laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1.
- the material and thickness of the ferromagnetic layer are the same, the material of the nonmagnetic layer is the same, and the nonmagnetic
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a Kino's flop magnetic field Hf
- the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a can be reliably made smaller than the flop magnetic field of the cell magnetic material (laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1). If you repeat the existing process without changing a new condition without using a new process, stable production can be performed.
- the present invention is not limited to this case, and the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a (Keno's flop magnetic field Hf) is definitely smaller than the flop magnetic field of the cell magnetic material (laminated ferrimagnetic free layer 1). Thus, it is only necessary that the laminated ferri-free layer 1 and the keeper are designed.
- laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a when a magnetic field equal to or lower than the saturation magnetic field is applied to laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a (keeper), laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a is magnetized. As a result, as shown in FIG. 16, the magnetic field applied to the memory cell is strengthened, so that the effective magnetic field applied to the memory cell is increased. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 18, the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a (when a magnetic field larger than the saturation magnetic field of Keno is applied, the laminated ferrimagnetic structure 8a is not magnetized more than the state in the saturated magnetic field. As a result, the effective magnetic field applied to the memory cell does not become stronger than the magnetic field at the saturation magnetic field.In the example of Fig.
- the magnetic field path of the selected cell and “the effective cell of the selected cell”
- the difference in the “magnetic path” is due to the presence of the keeper, but if the magnetic field is not saturated, the keeper's influence is proportional to the “magnetic path of the selected cell”, so the “effective magnetic path of the selected cell” is It should pass further outside (where there is no operating margin), but since the keeper's magnetic field is saturated, this effect is also saturated, which is almost the same as in FIG. .
- the margin of the magnetic field that can be applied to the cell magnetic body without approaching the saturation magnetic field in the cell magnetic body is expanded. It is possible to widen the margin of the current that flows to the word line 26 and the bit line 27.
- the present invention it is possible to prevent the synthesized magnetic field in the stacked ferrimagnetic free layer 1 of the memory cell from approaching the saturated magnetic field due to the magnetic field for writing due to the current of the word line 26 and the bit line 27. .
- the synthesized magnetic field in the stacked ferrimagnetic free layer 1 of the memory cell is approaching the saturated magnetic field due to the magnetic field for writing due to the current of the word line 26 and the bit line 27.
- the reliability and yield of the memory cell and the magnetic random access memory can be further increased, and the cost of magnetic random access can be reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
- Mram Or Spin Memory Techniques (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006531864A JP4941649B2 (ja) | 2004-08-25 | 2005-08-19 | メモリセル及び磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ |
| US11/574,121 US7916520B2 (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2005-08-19 | Memory cell and magnetic random access memory |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-245648 | 2004-08-25 | ||
| JP2004245648 | 2004-08-25 |
Publications (1)
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| WO2006022197A1 true WO2006022197A1 (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
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| PCT/JP2005/015122 Ceased WO2006022197A1 (ja) | 2004-08-25 | 2005-08-19 | メモリセル及び磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US7916520B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4941649B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006022197A1 (ja) |
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| SG11201705789RA (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2017-08-30 | Agency Science Tech & Res | Memory device and method for operating thereof |
| JP7024204B2 (ja) | 2017-04-21 | 2022-02-24 | Tdk株式会社 | スピン流磁化回転素子、磁気抵抗効果素子及び磁気メモリ |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030072174A1 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-17 | Leonid Savtchenko | Method of writing to scalable magnetoresistance random access memory element |
| JP2004158766A (ja) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-06-03 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子および磁気メモリ装置 |
| JP2005142508A (ja) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-06-02 | Sony Corp | 磁気記憶素子及び磁気メモリ |
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| JP2002151758A (ja) | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 強磁性トンネル磁気抵抗効果素子、磁気メモリ及び磁気抵抗効果型ヘッド |
| JP3569258B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-26 | 2004-09-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 磁気抵抗記憶素子 |
| TW544677B (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2003-08-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Magneto-resistance memory device |
| JP3849460B2 (ja) | 2001-05-29 | 2006-11-22 | ソニー株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果素子、磁気抵抗効果型磁気センサ、および磁気抵抗効果型磁気ヘッド |
| CN1270323C (zh) * | 2001-06-19 | 2006-08-16 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 磁性存储器的驱动方法 |
| JP3908554B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-13 | 2007-04-25 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 磁気検出素子の製造方法 |
| JP3916908B2 (ja) | 2001-09-28 | 2007-05-23 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気抵抗効果素子、磁気メモリ及び磁気ヘッド |
| JP4005832B2 (ja) | 2002-03-29 | 2007-11-14 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気メモリ及び磁気メモリ装置 |
| WO2003092084A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Magnetoresistive element, manufacturing method thereof, magnetic head, magnetic memory, and magnetic recording device using the same |
| JP2004157766A (ja) | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-03 | Tkc Corp | データストレージ装置 |
| US7205596B2 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2007-04-17 | Infineon Technologies, Ag | Adiabatic rotational switching memory element including a ferromagnetic decoupling layer |
-
2005
- 2005-08-19 WO PCT/JP2005/015122 patent/WO2006022197A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-19 JP JP2006531864A patent/JP4941649B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-08-19 US US11/574,121 patent/US7916520B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030072174A1 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-17 | Leonid Savtchenko | Method of writing to scalable magnetoresistance random access memory element |
| JP2004158766A (ja) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-06-03 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子および磁気メモリ装置 |
| JP2005142508A (ja) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-06-02 | Sony Corp | 磁気記憶素子及び磁気メモリ |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP4941649B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 |
| US20080089117A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
| JPWO2006022197A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
| US7916520B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
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