WO2005078828A1 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005078828A1 WO2005078828A1 PCT/JP2005/001762 JP2005001762W WO2005078828A1 WO 2005078828 A1 WO2005078828 A1 WO 2005078828A1 JP 2005001762 W JP2005001762 W JP 2005001762W WO 2005078828 A1 WO2005078828 A1 WO 2005078828A1
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- insulating layer
- secondary battery
- primary particles
- negative electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery, and more particularly, to an improvement in a discharge characteristic of a secondary battery by improving a porous electronic insulating layer adhered to an electrode surface.
- a secondary battery generally includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a sheet separator interposed therebetween.
- the sheet-like separator electronically insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and plays a role of holding the electrolyte.
- a microporous membrane made of polyolefin is frequently used as a sheet-like separator.
- a sheet-like separator made of polyolefin resin and inorganic powder has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). These sheet-like separators are usually produced by stretching a resin sheet obtained by a molding method such as extrusion molding.
- porous electronic insulating layer is formed on the electrode surface by applying a slurry containing a particulate filler and a resin binder to the electrode surface and drying the applied slurry with hot air.
- the porous electronic insulating layer is sometimes used as a substitute for a conventional sheet separator, and is sometimes used in combination with a conventional sheet separator.
- a slurry containing a fine particle filler and a resin binder is generally prepared by mixing the fine particle filler and the resin binder with a liquid component, and uniformly dispersing the fine particle filler in the liquid component using a dispersing device such as a bead mill. It is prepared by allowing As shown schematically in FIG. 3, the conventional fine particle filter is mainly composed of spherical or almost spherical primary particles 31, and a plurality of primary particles 31 are weakly aggregated by van der Waalska to form aggregated particles 30.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-50287
- Patent Document 2 Patent No. 3371301
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-106530 (FIG. 2)
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery in which a porous electronic insulating layer for improving the safety of the battery is adhered to the electrode surface.
- the purpose is to improve the charge / discharge characteristics below.
- the present invention is a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a porous electronic insulating layer adhered to a surface of at least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the porous electronic insulating layer includes a fine particle filler and a resin binder, and the fine particle filter relates to a secondary battery including irregular particles in which a plurality of primary particles are connected and fixed.
- amorphous refers to a shape having a nodule, a bulge or a bulge derived from primary particles, unlike a spherical shape or a hen-like shape or a shape similar thereto, for example, ⁇ branches, grape bunches or A shape like coral.
- a neck is formed between at least a pair of primary particles that are connected and fixed to each other and that constitute the irregular-shaped particles. That is, the amorphous particles are subjected to heat treatment or the like. It is formed by partially melting and fixing a plurality of primary particles. The neck is formed when the primary particles are diffusion bonded. However, even if the diffusion bonding sufficiently proceeds and the neck cannot be clearly discriminated, it can be used as an amorphous particle.
- the average particle size of the amorphous particles is at least twice the average particle size of the primary particles and at least three times the average particle size of the primary particles, which is preferably at most 10 ⁇ m. And more preferably 5 m or less.
- the average particle size of the primary particles is preferably 0.05-.
- the irregular particles are preferably made of metal oxide.
- the fine particle filter can further contain resin fine particles such as polyethylene fine particles.
- the resin binder contained in the porous electronic insulating layer preferably contains a polyacrylic acid derivative.
- the positive electrode preferably contains a composite lithium oxide
- the negative electrode preferably contains a material capable of charging and discharging lithium.
- the electrolyte it is preferable to use a non-aqueous solvent and a non-aqueous electrolyte having a lithium salt strength dissolved therein.
- the secondary battery of the present invention can include a sheet separator independent of any of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a sheet-like separator such as a polyolefin microporous membrane can be used without particular limitation.
- irregular shaped particles since a plurality of primary particles are connected and fixed, unlike the aggregated particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated by van der Waalska, they are easily independent. Does not separate into primary particles.
- irregular shaped particles it is possible to prevent the porous electron insulating layer from being filled with the fine particle filler at a high density.
- the irregular particles having a plurality of primary particles connected and fixed have a complicated three-dimensional structure, the irregular particles interact with each other when forming the porous electron insulating layer, and It is considered that high-density filling of the filler is prevented.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a secondary battery that is excellent in high-rate charge / discharge characteristics and charge / discharge characteristics in a low-temperature environment and excellent in safety at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an amorphous particle according to the present invention in which a plurality of primary particles are connected and fixed.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of a porous electron insulating layer according to one example of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional fine particle filler.
- FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of a porous electronic insulating layer according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a porous electronic insulating layer adhered to a surface of at least one electrode selected from the group consisting of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the present invention is preferably applied to a lithium ion secondary battery, but is also applicable to various other secondary batteries, for example, an alkaline storage battery.
- the present invention includes all cases where the porous electron insulating layer is disposed so as to be interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. That is, the present invention provides a case where the porous electronic insulating layer is bonded only to the positive electrode surface, a case where the porous electronic insulating layer is bonded only to the negative electrode surface, and a case where the porous electronic insulating layer is bonded to both the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surface. And Further, the present invention provides a case where the porous electronic insulating layer is bonded to only one surface of the positive electrode, a case where the porous electronic insulating layer is bonded to both surfaces of the positive electrode, and a case where the porous electronic insulating layer is bonded only to one surface of the negative electrode. This includes a case in which both surfaces of the negative electrode are bonded.
- the porous electronic insulating layer contains a fine particle filler and a resin binder, and the fine particle filler has a plurality (for example, about 2 to 10, preferably 3 to 5) of primary particles connected and fixed.
- Contains shaped particles One example of such irregular shaped particles is schematically shown in FIG.
- the irregular shaped particles 10 are composed of a plurality of connected and fixed primary particles 11 and are connected and fixed to each other by a pair.
- a neck 12 is formed between the primary particles. Since the primary particles are usually made of a single crystal, the irregular-shaped particles 10 are always polycrystalline particles. That is, the amorphous particles are composed of polycrystalline particles, and the polycrystalline particles are composed of a plurality of primary particles that are diffusion-bonded.
- the irregular-shaped particles having a plurality of primary particles connected and fixed are, for example, a conventional fine-particle filler, that is, a fine-particle filler containing independent primary particles or aggregated particles in which primary particles are aggregated by van der Waalska, is subjected to heat treatment. Then, it can be obtained by partially melting the primary particles and fixing a plurality of the primary particles. Irregular particles obtained by such a method are not easily separated into independent primary particles even when a shear force is applied.
- the porous electronic insulating layer also has an effect similar to that of a conventional sheet-like separator, but its structure is significantly different from that of a conventional sheet-like separator. Unlike a microporous film obtained by stretching a resin sheet, the porous electronic insulating layer has a structure in which particles of a fine particle filler are bonded with a resin binder. Therefore, the tensile strength in the plane direction of the porous electronic insulating layer is lower than that of the sheet-like separator. However, the porous electronic insulating layer is excellent in that it does not thermally shrink unlike a sheet-like separator even when exposed to a high temperature. The porous electronic insulating layer has a function of preventing the spread of the short circuit, preventing abnormal heating, and improving the safety of the secondary battery when an internal short circuit occurs or the battery is exposed to a high temperature.
- the porous electron insulating layer has a void for allowing the nonaqueous electrolyte to pass through appropriately.
- High current behavior in a low-temperature environment of a secondary battery having an electrode with a porous electronic insulating layer adhered to the surface for example, discharge characteristics when discharging at a current value of 2 hours (2C) in a 0 ° C environment
- 2C current value of 2 hours
- the porosity of the porous electron insulating layer can be measured, for example, in the following manner.
- the fine particle filler, the resin binder, and the liquid component are mixed, and the porous electronic insulating layer is mixed.
- the liquid component is appropriately selected according to the type of the resin binder and the like.
- an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and cyclohexanone, and water can be used.
- a dispersing apparatus used for preparing the raw material slurry an apparatus capable of applying a shearing force to such an extent that the amorphous particles are not broken into primary particles is preferable.
- a medialess dispersing device, a bead mill to which mild conditions are applied, and the like are preferable, but not limited thereto.
- the slurry is applied to a predetermined thickness on a substrate made of, for example, a metal foil using a doctor blade, and dried.
- a substrate made of, for example, a metal foil using a doctor blade. It is considered that the coating film formed on the substrate has the same structure as the porous electronic insulating layer adhered to the electrode surface. Therefore, the porosity of the coating film formed on the substrate can be regarded as the porosity of the porous electronic insulating layer.
- the apparent volume Va of the coating film corresponds to the product (S XT) of the thickness (T) of the coating film and the upper surface area (S) of the coating film.
- the true volume (Vt) of the coating film occupies in the coating film weight (W), the fineness of the fine particle filler (Df), the true density of the resin binder (Db), It can be calculated from the weight ratio of the fine particle filler and the resin binder.
- the true volume Vt of the coating film is equal to the true volume (xWZDf) of the fine particle filler and the resin binder. It corresponds to the sum of the true volume of the adhesive and ⁇ (1-x) W / Db ⁇ .
- the porosity P of the porous electronic insulating layer is usually a low value of less than 45%, and it is difficult to form a porous electronic insulating layer having a porosity higher than 45%.
- a secondary battery including such a porous electronic insulating layer having a low porosity has insufficient high-rate charge / discharge characteristics and low-temperature charge / discharge characteristics.
- the porous electron insulating layer can easily have 45% or more, and even 50% or more. More void Rate P can be achieved. Achieving such a high porosity does not depend on the material of the fine particle filler. Therefore, if the shape and the particle size distribution of the amorphous particles are the same, for example, titanium oxide (titanium), aluminum oxide (alumina), zirconium oxide (zirucoure), tungsten oxide, etc. Either of them can achieve a similarly high porosity.
- the maximum particle size of the primary particles is preferably 4 ⁇ m or less: more preferably Lm or less. If the primary particles cannot be clearly identified from the irregular particles, the thickest part of the knot of the irregular particles can be regarded as the particle diameter of the primary particles.
- the primary particle diameter exceeds m, it may be difficult to secure the porosity of the porous electronic insulating layer, or the electrode plate may be difficult to bend.
- the maximum particle size of the primary particles can be determined by measuring the particle size of at least 1000 primary particles in, for example, an SEM photograph of amorphous particles or a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph. You can ask.
- the maximum particle size of the primary particles of the raw material is set to the maximum particle size of the primary particles constituting the amorphous particles. It can be considered as a diameter. This is because the particle size of the primary particles hardly fluctuates by a heat treatment that promotes diffusion bonding between the primary particles.
- the maximum particle size of the primary particles of the raw material can be measured by, for example, a wet laser particle size distribution analyzer manufactured by Microtrac.
- the 99% value (D) of the primary particles on a volume basis is determined by
- the average particle size of the primary particles can be measured in the same manner as described above. That is, for example, by measuring the particle size of at least 1000 primary particles in a SEM photograph or a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph of the irregular particles, the average value of the particles is obtained, or the irregular particles are determined.
- the particle size distribution of the primary particles, which is the raw material of the primary particles, is measured by a wet laser particle size distribution analyzer, etc., and the 50% value (median value: D)
- the average particle size of the irregular shaped particles is preferably at least twice the average particle size of the primary particles (preferably 0.05 m-1 m) and not more than 10 m.
- the viewpoint of obtaining a stable porous electron insulating layer capable of maintaining high V and porosity for a long period of time is that the average particle size of the irregular particles is at least three times the average particle size of the primary particles, and More preferably, it is not more than m.
- the average particle size of the amorphous particles can be measured by, for example, a wet laser particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Microtrac.
- the 50% value of the irregular particles on a volume basis (median value: D) can be regarded as the average particle diameter of the irregular particles.
- the porous electron insulating layer may have a dense packing structure. If the average particle size exceeds, the porosity of the porous electron insulating layer is excessive. Large (eg, over 80%), the structure may become brittle.
- the thickness of the porous electron insulating layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 20 m or less.
- the raw material slurry for the porous electronic insulating layer is applied to the electrode surface by a die nozzle method, a blade method, or the like. Therefore, when the average particle size of the irregular particles increases, large particles are attracted to the gap between the electrode surface and the blade tip when the raw material slurry for the porous electron insulating layer is applied to the electrode surface. This may cause a streak in the coating film and lower the production yield. Therefore, from the viewpoint of production yield, it is desirable that the average particle size of the irregular particles is 10 m or less.
- the metal oxide constituting the fine particle filler for example, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, dumbbell oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, or the like may be used. It can. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ⁇ -alumina is particularly preferable in terms of chemical stability, and particularly preferred is ⁇ -alumina, which is preferred by aluminum oxide (alumina).
- the fine particle filler can include resin fine particles.
- the specific gravity of the resin fine particles is about 1.1, which is considerably lighter than a metal oxide having a specific gravity of about 4, which is effective for lightening of a secondary battery.
- the resin fine particles for example, polyethylene fine particles and the like are used. You can be there.
- the use of resin fine particles increases the manufacturing cost. Therefore, the viewpoint of the manufacturing cost depends on whether the metal oxide is used alone, or even if the resin fine particles are used, the resin fine particles occupy the entire fine particle filer. Is desirably 50% by weight or less.
- the constituent material of the resin binder contained in the porous electronic insulating layer is not particularly limited !, for example, polyacrylic acid derivatives, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene, styrene butadiene rubber And polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE styrene butadiene rubber And polytetrafluoroethylene
- FEP tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- an electrode plate group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound is mainly used.
- the porous electronic insulating layer adhered to the electrode surface needs to have flexibility. From the viewpoint of imparting such flexibility to the porous electronic insulating layer, it is desirable to use a polyacrylic acid derivative as the resin binder.
- the ratio of the resin binder to the total of the fine particle filler and the resin binder is 1 to 10% by weight, and further 2 to 4% by weight. It is preferable that
- a composite lithium oxide is used for the positive electrode
- a material capable of charging and discharging lithium is used for the negative electrode
- a non-aqueous solvent and a non-aqueous solvent are used for the electrolyte. It is preferable to use a non-aqueous electrolytic solution which also has a lithium salt power dissolved therein.
- the composite lithium oxide for example, a lithium-containing transition metal oxide such as lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, and lithium manganate is preferably used. Further, a modified product in which part of the transition metal of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is replaced with another element is also preferably used.
- the cobalt of lithium cobaltate is preferably replaced with aluminum, magnesium or the like, and the nickel of lithium nickelate is preferably replaced with cobalt.
- the composite lithium oxide may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the material capable of charging and discharging lithium used for the negative electrode include various natural graphites, various artificial graphites, silicon-based composite materials, and various alloy materials. These materials are 1 Species can be used alone or in combination.
- the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited !, for example, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethinolecarbonate (DMC), ethynolecarbonate (DEC), ethyl. carbonates such as methyl carbonate (EMC); ⁇ - butyl port Rataton, .gamma. bar Rerorataton, methyl formate, methyl acetate, the carboxylic acid esters of methyl propionate and the like; dimethyl, geminal chill ether, such as tetrahydrofuran or the like is used You.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. Of these, carbonates are particularly preferably used.
- the lithium salt is not particularly limited, but for example, LiPF, LiBF and the like are preferably used.
- non-aqueous electrolytes include additives for forming a good film on the positive electrode and Z or the negative electrode, such as bi-lene carbonate (VC) and bulu-ethylene carbonate. (VEC), cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) and the like are preferably added in small amounts.
- VC bi-lene carbonate
- VEC bulu-ethylene carbonate
- CHB cyclohexylbenzene
- the secondary battery of the present invention may further include a separator that is independent of any of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, as well as the porous electron insulating layer.
- a separator such as a separator, a conventional sheet-like separator such as a polyolefin microporous membrane can be used without any particular limitation.
- the porous electronic insulating layer plays the role of the separator. In that case, a secondary battery can be provided at low cost.
- the thickness of the porous electronic insulating layer is preferably 110 m.
- the thickness of the porous electron insulating layer is 11 to 15 m. Is preferred.
- the sheet-like separator it is necessary to use a material having resistance to the environment in the secondary battery. Generally, a microporous membrane made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene is used. By using the sheet-like separator, a short circuit is less likely to occur, and the safety and reliability of the secondary battery are improved.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured using a fine particle filler having an aluminum oxide strength.
- the present invention will be described based on examples, but these examples illustrate the secondary battery of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.
- amorphous silicon (alumina) having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m which is a raw material of amorphous particles, are heated at a temperature of 1100 ° C. in the air for 20 minutes. Amorphous particles with the primary particles connected and fixed were generated. The size of the obtained amorphous particles was adjusted using alumina balls having a diameter of 15 mm and a wet ball mill to obtain a fine particle filter A1 having an average particle diameter of 0.5 m.
- (B) Primary particles of titanium oxide (titanium) having an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m, which is a raw material of amorphous particles, are heated at a temperature of 800 ° C. in air for 20 minutes. Then, irregular particles were formed in which a plurality of primary particles were connected and fixed. The size of the obtained irregular shaped particles was adjusted in the same manner as for the fine particle filler A1, to obtain a fine particle filler A2 having an average particle diameter of 0.5 / zm.
- (C) Primary particles of aluminum oxide (alumina) having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m were used as they were as the fine particle filler B1.
- the slurry A1 was applied on a metal foil using a doctor blade to form a coating film (porous electronic insulating layer A1) having a thickness of about 20 m after drying.
- the apparent volume Va of the coating film is determined from the thickness (T) of the coating film and the upper surface area (S) of the coating film, and the true volume (Vt) of the coating film is further determined by the weight ( It was calculated from W), the true density of the fine particle filler (Df), the true density of the resin binder (Db), and the weight ratio of the fine particle filler and the resin binder in the coating film.
- the coating film that is, the upper surface of the porous electronic insulating layer A1 was observed by SEM, and the SEM photograph shown in FIG. 2 was taken. From FIG. 2, it can be seen that large voids are formed in the porous electronic insulating layer A1 filled with irregular particles in which a plurality of primary particles are connected and fixed.
- Porous electronic insulating layers A2, B1, B2 and B3 were formed using slurry A2, B1, B2 or B3 instead of slurry A1, and the porosity thereof was determined.
- the porosity of the porous electron insulating layers A2, Bl, B2 and B3 was 58%, 44%, 45% and 44%, respectively.
- the upper surface of the porous electron insulating layer B1 was observed by SEM, and the SEM photograph shown in FIG. 4 was taken. From FIG. 4, it is clear that the porous electron insulating layer B1 is filled with independent primary particles with high density, and no large voids are formed.
- the electronic insulation layer has a significantly higher porosity than the one using a fine particle filler containing independent primary particles and aggregated particles. It is also clear that the porosity is hardly affected by the material (the type of oxide) constituting the fine particle filler.
- the porosity of the porous electron insulating layer is low, and the porosity is low in the porous electron insulating layer B2. It was confirmed from the SEM photograph that the particles separated and returned to the primary particles. The SEM micrograph also confirmed that the particulate filler B3, to which PVDF was added to agglomerate the primary particles, had the aggregated particles separated and returned to the primary particles in the porous electronic insulating layer B3. . This is considered to be due to the shearing force of the agglomerated particles in the bead mill during slurry production.
- lithium-ion secondary batteries with a porous electronic insulating layer adhered to both sides of the negative electrode were fabricated, and their charge / discharge characteristics were evaluated.
- LiCoO lithium cobaltate
- PVDF positive electrode binder
- acetylene black positive electrode conductive agent
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Slurry A1 was applied to both sides of the rolled negative electrode raw material and dried to form a 5 m-thick porous electronic insulating layer. After that, the negative electrode raw material having the porous electronic insulating layer adhered to both surfaces was cut into a predetermined width capable of being inserted into a cylindrical 18650 battery can to obtain a negative electrode having a predetermined size. The rolled positive electrode was also cut into a predetermined width that could be inserted into a cylindrical 18650 battery can to obtain a positive electrode of a predetermined size.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode having a porous electronic insulating layer adhered to both sides thereof were wound via a 15-m-thick polyethylene resin sheet-like separator to form an electrode plate group.
- This electrode group was inserted into a cylindrical 18650 battery can, and 5 g of a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected.
- LiPF LiPF was dissolved at a concentration of ImolZL in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 2: 3: 3,
- Lithium ion secondary batteries A2 and B1 were produced in the same manner as battery A1, except that slurries A2 and B1 were used instead of slurry A1.
- the completed lithium ion secondary batteries Al, A2 and B1 were charged and discharged twice, and stored for 7 days in an environment of 45 ° C. After that, charging and discharging were performed under the following conditions in a 20 ° C environment.o
- each battery was left for 3 hours. Thereafter, the following charge / discharge was performed in a 0 ° C environment.
- Constant current discharge 4000mA (final voltage 3V)
- the discharge capacity at this time was defined as 0 ° C-2C discharge characteristics.
- Table 2 summarizes the 0 ° C-2C discharge characteristics of each battery.
- the battery including the porous electron insulating layer having a large porosity exhibits excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics.
- batteries having a small porosity formed without using irregular particles1 and having a porous electronic insulating layer are likely to have remarkably reduced low-temperature discharge characteristics.
- the slurry after preparation is subjected to a process such as purification by a filter, and then used for forming a porous electronic insulating layer. Therefore, in order to stabilize the physical properties of the porous electronic insulating layer, it is desired that the settling of the fine particle filler hardly progresses for several days after the preparation of the slurry.
- the present inventors have found that the degree of progress of sedimentation depends on the average particle size of the primary particles of the fine particle filler. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the relationship between the average particle size of the primary particles of the fine particle filler and the degree of sedimentation will be described.
- the average particle size of the primary particles of aluminum oxide which is the raw material of the irregular-shaped particles, is from 0.1 m to 0.01 m, 0.05 ⁇ 0.dm, 0.5 m, 1 m, and 2 m. m, d m3; except that the particle size was changed to ⁇ 4 ⁇ m, in the same manner as in the fine particle filler A1 of Example 1, to generate irregular particles in which a plurality of primary particles were connected and fixed, and the size of the irregular particles. And adjust the average particle diameter S to 0.03 m, 0.16 m, 0.8 m, 1.3 m, 2.5 m, 6 m, 8 m or 10 ⁇ m fine particle fillers Cl and C2 respectively. , C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 were prepared.
- the slurry Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 or C8 were prepared.
- the obtained slurry was allowed to stand at 25 ° C, and the progress of sedimentation was visually observed every day.
- the slurry C1 to C5 having an average primary particle size of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, sedimentation of the fine particle filler was hardly observed even after 4 days or more.
- the slurries C6 and C8 in which the average primary particle size was 1 ⁇ m or more, sedimentation of the fine particle filter was observed in less than one day.
- Lithium-ion secondary batteries C1-1C5 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that slurry C1-1C5 was used, and their 0 ° C-2C discharge characteristics were evaluated. Both were over 1750 mAh, significantly better than battery B1.
- the same method as in the fine particle filler A1 of Example 1 was used.
- irregular particles were formed in which a plurality of primary particles were connected and fixed.
- the size of the amorphous particles was adjusted in various ways, and the average particle size force S was 0.3 m, 0.4 m, 0.5 m, 0.7 m, 1.2 m, 1.2 m, 3 m, 8 m, respectively.
- m, 10 m, 12 m or 15 ⁇ m particulate fillers Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 and D10 were prepared.
- the size of the amorphous particles was adjusted using a wet ball mill in which 30% of the internal volume was occupied by alumina balls having a diameter of 3 mm.
- the average particle size of the irregular particles was changed by changing the operation time of the ball mill.
- Each slurry was applied on a metal foil using a general blade coater.
- the target thickness of the coating was 20 m.
- a uniform coating film was formed on the slurries D1 to D8 having an average particle size of the amorphous particles of 10 m or less.
- slurries D9 and D10 containing irregular particles having an average particle size of more than 10 m are used, streaks appear on the surface of the coating film. The frequency of occurrence is high, and the production yield is greatly reduced.
- lithium ion secondary batteries D1 to D8 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the slurries D1 to D8 were used, and their 0 ° C to 2C discharge characteristics were evaluated. However, all were 1750 mAh or more, which was significantly better than battery B1.
- the average particle diameter of the irregular particles is preferably about 2 to 6 times the average particle diameter of the primary particles, and most preferably about 2.5 to 3.5 times.
- the most common structure of the electrode group of the secondary battery is a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a sheet-like separator. Therefore, when the porous electronic insulating layer is hard, cracks are generated in the porous electronic insulating layer, or the electrode surface force peels off. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a case where the flexibility of the porous electronic insulating layer is changed will be described.
- a slurry E1 was prepared in the same manner as the slurry A1 of Example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used instead of the polyacrylic acid derivative, and the slurry E1 was used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- 500 batteries similar to the battery A1 of this example were produced.
- 500 batteries A1 of Example 1 were similarly manufactured.
- the voltage between terminals of each battery was measured, and the presence or absence of an internal short circuit was confirmed.
- the short circuit failure rate was as large as 10%.
- Battery A1 had a short circuit failure rate of 0%. 4%.
- the short-circuit failure occurrence rate of a conventional general lithium-ion secondary battery is 0.5% or less.
- the battery E1 in which a short circuit failure was observed was disassembled, and the state of the porous electronic insulating layer containing PVDF as a resin binder was observed.As a result, many cracks were observed, especially near the center of the electrode group. The occurrence was remarkable.
- the thickness of the porous electron insulating layer formed on both sides of the negative electrode was changed from 5 ⁇ m force to 20 ⁇ m, A battery F1 similar to the battery A1 of Example 1 was produced, except that a sheet-shaped separator made of polyethylene resin was used.
- the present invention can be applied to various secondary batteries including lithium ion secondary batteries, and is required to ensure high V ⁇ safety and to achieve advanced low-temperature discharge characteristics and high-rate discharge characteristics at the same time. Litchi It is particularly effective. Lithium-ion secondary battery market size is large. The role of the present invention in improving product performance and safety is extremely large.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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JP2005517933A JP5095103B2 (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-02-07 | 二次電池 |
US10/555,657 US8163424B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-02-07 | Secondary battery |
DE602005011264T DE602005011264D1 (de) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-02-07 | Sekundärbatterie |
EP05709814A EP1734600B1 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-02-07 | Secondary battery |
US12/213,504 US8163425B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2008-06-20 | Secondary battery |
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JP2004041106 | 2004-02-18 | ||
JP2004-041106 | 2004-02-18 |
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US10/555,657 A-371-Of-International US8163424B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-02-07 | Secondary battery |
US12/213,504 Division US8163425B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2008-06-20 | Secondary battery |
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WO2005078828A1 true WO2005078828A1 (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
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US (2) | US8163424B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1734600B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5095103B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100767560B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100544078C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005011264D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005078828A1 (ja) |
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EP1734600A4 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
US8163425B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
CN100544078C (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
EP1734600A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
CN1788371A (zh) | 2006-06-14 |
KR20060036406A (ko) | 2006-04-28 |
US20070042270A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
KR100767560B1 (ko) | 2007-10-17 |
JP5095103B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
EP1734600B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
US8163424B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
JPWO2005078828A1 (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
DE602005011264D1 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
US20080274399A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
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