WO2005066998A1 - 干渉装置 - Google Patents
干渉装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005066998A1 WO2005066998A1 PCT/JP2005/000111 JP2005000111W WO2005066998A1 WO 2005066998 A1 WO2005066998 A1 WO 2005066998A1 JP 2005000111 W JP2005000111 W JP 2005000111W WO 2005066998 A1 WO2005066998 A1 WO 2005066998A1
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- biprism
- electron beam
- optical axis
- sample
- electron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/295—Electron or ion diffraction tubes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/15—Means for deflecting or directing discharge
- H01J2237/151—Electrostatic means
- H01J2237/1514—Prisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/26—Electron or ion microscopes
- H01J2237/2614—Holography or phase contrast, phase related imaging in general, e.g. phase plates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wavefront splitting type electron beam interference device using an electron beam biprism or a wavefront splitting type optical interference device using a general optical biprism.
- Optical interference devices are roughly classified into those using an amplitude division method and those using a wavefront division method. Except in special cases, amplitude division is used in general optical system (laser etc.) interferometers. This is because the amplitude division cancels the phase distortion caused by the optical system, and makes it possible to relatively easily detect the minute phase distribution of the observation target with high accuracy.
- a wavefront splitting method is generally used except for an example introduced in Non-Patent Document 1 (Q. Ru et al .: Ultramicroscopy 53, 1 (1994)). . This is due to the lack of an effective amplitude splitting beam splitter for the electron beam.
- the interference fringe interval s and the interference area width W cannot be controlled independently.
- the An interference image (hologram) consisting of a large number of narrow interference fringes, that is, an image recorded at a high carrier spatial frequency, had to be analyzed.
- the width of the interference region will increase when the necessary high carrier spatial frequency is created, and the spatial coherence degradation power will increase. It was necessary to analyze an interference image with low contrast and low fringe force (low quality).
- Non-Patent Document 2 K. Harada et al: J. Electron Microsc. 52, 369 (2003)
- Non-Patent Document 3 K. Harada and R.
- a shielding plate is placed on a plane equivalent to the observation plane, and the wavefront splitting boundary of the wavefront splitting element is placed in the shadow.
- the first problem that is, the independent control of the interference fringe interval s and the interference region width W does not give any improvement at all.
- Patent Document 1 WO 01Z075394 pamphlet
- Non-Patent Document 1 Q. Ru et al .: Ultramicroscopy 53, 1 (1994)
- Non-Patent Document 2 K. Harada et al .: J. Electron Microsc. 52, 369 (2003).
- Non-Patent Document 3 K. Harada and R. Shimizu: J Electron Microsc. 40, 92 (1991) Disclosure of the Invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam interference device or a wavefront splitting type optical interference device using a general optical biprism that can independently control the interference fringe interval s and the interference region width W.
- the present invention uses two biprisms in two stages in order with respect to the optical axis, the electron beam or the traveling direction of light.
- Upper row (there is an electron beam! /, The light traveling direction)
- the upper bi-prism is equipped with an electron beam or light shielding part, the upper bi-prism is arranged on the image plane of the observation sample, and the wavefront division boundary of the lower bi-prism is shifted to the upper bi-prism. It is placed in the shaded area of the shielding part.
- the electrodes of the upper electron biprism are arranged on the image plane of the observation sample, and the electrodes of the lower electron biprism are connected to the upper electron biprism.
- the electrodes of the lower electron biprism are connected to the upper electron biprism.
- two parameters of the interference fringe interval s and the interference area width W in the interferometer using the biprism can be controlled independently, thereby changing the optical system once constructed. It can handle spatial coherence and carrier spatial frequency independently, which are directly linked to the performance of the interferometer that does not need to be done. As a result, the object to be observed by holography can be expanded.
- two parameters, the interference fringe interval s and the interference area width W can be controlled arbitrarily and independently simply by controlling the voltage of the electrodes of the upper and lower electron biprisms. it can.
- the present invention can be applied to an electron beam interference device or a wavefront splitting type optical interference device using a general optical biprism.
- the electron beam interference device will be mainly described.
- a brief description of the wavefront splitting type optical interference device using a general optical biprism will be given at the end.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an interference optical system using a conventional electron biprism.
- the electron biprism is the most commonly used device for the optical system of electron beam holography.
- the reference wave 23 is superimposed on the object wave 21 transmitted through the sample by the optical system, and as a result, an interference image in which interference fringes are superimposed on the enlarged image of the sample is obtained.
- an electron biprism is composed of a fine line electrode disposed at a center portion and both end electrodes sandwiching the fine line electrode. The potential is controlled to deflect the electron beam passing through the electron beam prism.
- the term “electrode of the electron beam pipe rhythm” means the ultrafine wire electrode disposed at the center portion, and does not refer to the both-end electrodes placed at the ground potential! ,.
- 1 is an electron source
- 2 is an optical axis
- 3 is a sample
- 5 is an objective lens
- 7 is an electron source image surface
- 9 is an electron beam biprism electrode
- 11 is an observation surface
- 12 is a sample surface.
- the image 13 is an image pickup means such as a film or a camera.
- the electron source 1 is shown as a single block in the figure, but includes a light source, an acceleration tube, and an irradiation optical system.
- the electron beam generated by the electron source 1 is divided into an object wave 21 passing through the sample 3 arranged on one side of the optical axis 2 and a reference wave 23 passing through the side without the sample 3.
- the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are refracted by the objective lens 5, cross the electron source image plane 7, and travel toward the observation plane 11.
- the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are further deflected by the electron beam biprism electrode 9 provided between the electron source image plane 7 and the observation plane 11, and are superimposed on the observation plane 11.
- an interference image in which interference fringes are superimposed on the enlarged image 12 of the sample on the observation surface 11 can be obtained.
- the interference image obtained on the observation surface 11 is provided to the user by the imaging means 13.
- the interference fringe interval s and the interference region width W appearing on the observation surface 11 are schematically displayed below the imaging means 13.
- 25 and 27 are virtual electron source positions of the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 deflected by the electron biprism electrode 9.
- Numeral 30 denotes a shadow caused by the electron beam biprism electrode 9, and in order to avoid complication, only a shadow generated on the left side of the optical axis 2 is drawn.
- the sample is held by a sample holding device for holding the sample upstream of the objective lens 5.
- the sample holding device is not shown.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the electron beam of the electron source 1
- ⁇ is the angle formed by the virtual electron sources 25 and 27 around the optical axis 2
- ⁇ is the deflection angle of the electron beam by the electron biprism (rad)
- d is the diameter of the electron biprism electrode 9
- L is the distance between the electron biprism electrode 9 and the observation surface 11
- b is the distance between the objective lens 5 and the observation surface 11
- b is the distance between the objective lens 5
- Observe D distance from electron source image plane 7
- the distance between the observation plane 11 and the electron source image plane 7, the interference fringe interval s, and the interference area width W are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the deflection angle a (md) of the electron beam is determined by the voltage V (V) applied to the electron biprism electrode 9 and the deflection angle a (md).
- a is the distance between the objective lens 5 and the sample 3.
- a is the distance between the objective lens 5 and the electron source 1
- f is the focal length of the objective lens 5.
- the interference fringe interval s and the interference region width W are both affected by the electron beam deflection angle ⁇ . Therefore, they cannot be controlled independently of each other.
- the interference fringes actually obtained are superimposed with Fresnel fringes as strong as the electron beam biprism electrode 9 as shown in FIG. 1B, and as shown in FIG. Creates a phase distribution of tat.
- the interference fringe is a force generated by the interference of the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 deflected by the electron beam prism electrode 9 on the surface of the observation surface 11
- the electron biprism electrode 9 The Fresnel diffraction wave 29 is generated from the end face, and Fresnel fringes are generated on the observation surface 11.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an optical system when the present invention is applied to an electron beam interference device.
- electron beam biprisms are arranged on the optical axis in two upper and lower stages.
- the electrodes of the upper electron biprism are placed on the image plane (first image plane) of the sample, and then the lower optical system enlarges and reduces the image together with the sample image.
- the lower electron biprism electrode functions as a normal interferometer.
- 1 is an electron source
- 2 is an optical axis
- 3 is a sample
- 5 is an objective lens
- 7 is a first electron source image plane
- 31 is a first image plane
- 32 is a first image plane 31
- the sample image above, 33 is a magnifying lens
- 35 is the image plane of the second electron source
- 11 is the observation plane
- 12 is the image of the sample
- 13 is an imaging means such as a film or camera
- 9 is on the first image plane 31
- the diameter of the upper electron biprism electrode is d.
- 9 is a lower electron beam pipe b provided between the second electron source image plane 35 and the observation plane 11
- the diameter is d in the rhythm electrode. Also in Figure 2, 25 and 27 are electron biprism electrodes
- interference fringe interval s and the interference area width W of the interference fringes appearing on the observation surface 11 are schematically displayed below the imaging means 13.
- the electron beam generated by the electron source 1 has the object wave 21 transmitted through the sample 3 arranged on one side of the optical axis 2 and the electron beam generated by the sample 3.
- the pattern display is omitted for the reference wave 23.
- the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are refracted by the objective lens 5, intersect at the first electron source image plane 7, and travel toward the magnifying lens 33.
- the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 form a sample image 32 on the first image plane 31 and pass through the upper electron biprism on the first image plane 31, but are not deflected here in FIG.
- the light is refracted by the magnifying lens 33 and proceeds toward the observation surface 11.
- the light passes through a lower electron biprism provided between the second electron source image plane 35 and the observation plane 11, but is deflected here and is superimposed on the observation plane 11.
- the deflection angle at this time is a.
- the interference image obtained on the observation surface 11 is provided to the user by the imaging means 13.
- the lower electron biprism electrode 9 is positioned so as to be in the shadow of the upper electron biprism electrode 9.
- the upper electron biprism electrode 9 generates a Fresnel diffraction wave, which spreads in the entire space. Force The strength is small enough to be ignored.
- the Fresnel diffraction wave itself generated by the upper electron biprism electrode 9 converges on the observation surface 11 as an image because the upper electron biprism electrode 9 is provided on the first image plane 31.
- no Fresnel fringes are formed on the observation surface 11 by either of the electron beam biprism electrodes, and interference fringes without Fresnel fringes superimposed thereon can be obtained.
- a is the distance between the first image plane 31 and the magnifying lens 33, and a is the distance between the objective lens 5 and the sample 3.
- Distance, b is the distance between the magnifying lens 33 and the observation surface 11, b is the distance between the first image plane 31 and the objective lens b u
- B is the distance between the magnifying lens 33 and the second electron source image plane 35
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the electron beam of the electron source 1.
- A is the deflection angle (rad) of the electron beam by the lower electron biprism electrode 9 and L is the lower electron beam b b b
- the distance between the sagittal biprism electrode 9 and the observation surface 11, M is magnified with respect to the sample 3 of the magnifying lens 33.
- the interference fringe interval s and the interference area width W converted to the sample surface in the optical system of the embodiment are expressed by the equations (6) and (7). Can be represented.
- a is the distance between the objective lens 5 and the electron source 1
- b is the distance between the objective lens 5 and the first electron source image plane 7
- a is the first electron source image.
- D is the distance between the first electron source image plane 7 and the first image plane 31, and d is the lower electron beam bias.
- the diameter of the prism electrode 9, f is the focal length of the objective lens 5, f is the focal length of the magnification / reduction lens 33 b 1 2
- the lower electron biprism electrode 9 must be inserted under the upper electron biprism electrode 9, and the magnification of the lower optical system and the electron biprism electrode Depends on location.
- the diameter of the electron biprism electrode is about 1 ⁇ m and does not change much.
- Equation (9) the lower biprism electrode 9 is positioned between the enlarged b large lens 33 and the observation surface 11 in FIG. The same effect can be obtained by arranging it in any position as long as it is a shaded portion (for example, it may be on the magnifying lens 33 shown in FIG. 8). Furthermore, Fresnel b by lower biprism electrode 9
- an electron beam biprism is used by changing its position as appropriate, and the voltage at which the voltage of the electron beam biprism electrode is also controlled.
- the y-axis is split left and right as virtual light sources 25 and 27 on the left and right, and the interference fringes expressed by Equations (6) and (7) are applied to the part where the wavefront overlaps on the image plane.
- the split distance is also the optical axis force of the image.
- the deflection action of the upper electron biprism does not cause a wavefront overlap related to image formation. However, since the deflection to the electron beam is actually performed, the actual light source image is sputtered. Lits 26 and 28 have occurred. This is essentially the same as the split 25, 27 of the virtual light source image by the lower electron biprism.
- the split distance YY on the y-axis of the light source image by each biprism is given by equations (10) and (11).
- M is a magnification b / a with respect to the light source by the lower optical system.
- the electrode 9 of the lower biprism is the image of the light source.
- the interference fringe interval s does not depend on the deflection angle ⁇ . That is, under these optical conditions,
- the optical system shown in Fig. 3 can be said to be a realistic operation method based on the above procedure.
- the optical system in which the denominator of 2) is configured to be negative, the relationship between the interference fringe interval s and the increase / decrease of the interference region width W is reversed.
- the optical system is such that the interference area width W decreases as the interference fringe interval s increases. This is a force effective for forming a hologram having a large interference fringe interval. Even in this case, the interference fringes cannot be eliminated, that is, the propagation directions of the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 cannot be matched.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the optical system when the interference fringe interval s is increased, contrary to FIG.
- the same or equivalent components as those shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the existence of the lower electron biprism electrode 9 restricts give. The condition is shown in equation (14).
- the interference fringe interval s is sufficiently widened and a so-called interference microscope image can be formed with only the electron beam, this has never been achieved, but basically the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are transmitted in the same direction by the same optical system. Therefore, it is almost impossible to realize with a wavefront splitting interferometer in an electron microscope.
- the interference fringe interval s is sufficiently widened and a so-called interference microscope image can be formed with only the electron beam, this has never been achieved, but basically the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are transmitted in the same direction by the same optical system. Therefore, it is almost impossible to realize with a wavefront splitting interferometer in an electron microscope.
- the optical system according to the present invention has two cases: a case where the superposition angle of the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and a case where the superposition angle of the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are reversed.
- Fig. 5 shows the same optical system as in Fig. 4.
- the upper biprism deflects the electron beam greatly away from the optical axis by the upper biprism, and the wavefront to be imaged is the electrode of the lower electron biprism. In other words, if the condition is selected so that it passes through the lower side of
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the position of the image 25, 27 of the virtual light source and the optical system which is horizontally inverted.
- FIG. 5 the same or similar components as those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the lower biprism is made to act in the opposite manner as before to produce interference fringes.
- a hologram that is completely equivalent to FIGS. 3 and 4, except that the angle at which the object wave 21 and the reference wave 23 are superimposed is reversed. That is, it is possible to create a hologram in which the apparent phase change is reversed. If the difference between the two holograms in which the phase change is reversed is obtained, it is possible to obtain a reproduced image with high accuracy in which the phase difference has been doubled. Also, if the double exposure method is performed on these two holograms, it is possible to obtain an interference microscope image with the same phase difference as that of the moire method and a doubled phase difference (phase difference amplified double exposure method). .
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the appearance of interference fringe formation by a conventional interferometer
- FIG. 6B is an interference image obtained by changing the interference region width W by avoiding the occurrence of Fresnel fringes at the same interference fringe interval s as in FIG. 6A
- FIG. 6C is a diagram showing a state of fringe formation
- FIG. 6C is a diagram showing a state of interference fringe formation in which the interference fringe interval s is changed without changing the interference region width W according to the present invention.
- V ⁇ deviation Sample 3 was also removed.
- the image shown on the left side of the figure is an arrangement of interference fringes under various conditions in order, and the image on the right side of the figure is the condition of interference fringe formation.
- F1: OUTJ means that the upper biprism was removed from the optical axis.
- V in each figure is the upper electron.
- V is the applied voltage of u F2 b to the lower electron biprism electrode 9.
- the conventional interferometer has the structure shown in FIG. 1A in which the upper biprism is displaced from the optical axis.
- the diameter of each of the electron biprism electrodes 9 and 9 used in the experiment was 1.6 / ⁇ for the upper electrode d and 0. for the lower electrode d.
- the black part at the center of the uppermost image in FIG. 6A is the image b of the lower electron biprism electrode 9.
- the interference fringe intervals s and b are increased.
- Both the interference region widths w change. Further, under both conditions, Fresnel interference fringes of the electron biprism electrode 9 are observed at both ends of the interference fringes.
- FIG. 6B shows an example in which, as shown in FIG. 2, electron biprisms are arranged in the upper and lower stages, and only the voltage applied to the lower electron biprism electrode 9 is controlled. . B in Figure 6B
- the black part at the center of the uppermost image is the image of the upper electron biprism electrode 9.
- the black part at the center of the lower image is deflected by the lower electron biprism electrode 9 b
- the image of the upper electron biprism electrode 9 is seen in a reduced state, and is an image.
- An interference fringe having an interference fringe interval s (which is the same as that of FIG. 6A) and an interference area width w corresponding to the voltage b of the lower electron biprism electrode 9 is obtained.
- FIG. 6B As can be seen by comparing the interference fringes of FIG. 6B and FIG. 6A, in FIG. 6B, there are no Fresnel interference fringes at both ends of the interference fringes seen in FIG. Only stripes are recorded.
- the force at which the interference region width W is small can be widened by making the upper electron biprism electrode 9 thin.
- the interference fringe interval s and the interference region width W can be controlled independently.
- FIG. 6C shows a result obtained by controlling the voltage of the upper biprism electrode 9 and changing only the interference fringe interval s while keeping the interference region width W as it is.
- the voltage of the lower electron biprism electrode 9 is fixed at 200 V
- the voltage of the upper biprism electrode 9 is
- V is a negative voltage.
- the conventional method (Fig. 6A) required an applied voltage of about 450V.
- the interference region width W was greatly expanded, and the deteriorating power of the coherence was such that sufficient contrast fringes could not be obtained. From this, it can be said that the configuration in FIG. 3 is effective for obtaining interference fringes with a fine interference fringe interval s.
- FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7D, and 7E show electrodes 9 and 9 of the upper and lower biprisms, respectively.
- FIG. 7C and FIG. 7F are views showing the reproduced images.
- FIG. 7C is a reconstructed image from the hologram shown in FIG. 7B.
- FIG. 7F is a reconstructed image from the hologram shown in FIG. 7E.
- the interference fringe interval s of the hologram shown in Figs. 7A, 7B, 7D, and 7E is controlled by the voltage V applied to the electrode 9 in the upper biprism, and is lower than the lower biprism.
- FIGS. 7A and 7D the specimen 7A, the change of the fringe line of the interference fringe having the phase change is rising left, while in FIG. 7D, it is falling right.
- FIGS. 7C and 7F which are the respective reproduced images.
- these reproduced images it is possible to obtain a highly accurate reproduced image in which the phase difference is doubled.
- the double exposure method is performed on these two holograms, it is possible to obtain an interference microscope image with the same phase difference as the Moire method and a doubled phase difference (phase difference amplified double exposure method). Become.
- the width of the interference region of the electron beam and the interval between the interference fringes can be arbitrarily controlled. Focusing on this advantage, the following applications are possible.
- the measurement of the degree of coherence is obtained by measuring the contrast of interference fringes as proposed in, for example, F. Zernike: Physica 5, 50 (1938) (for example, BJ Thompson and E. Wolf: J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 47, 895 (1957)) 0
- An example in which the same measurement was performed using an electron biprism in an electron optical system for example, R. Speidel and D. Kurz: Optik 49, 173 (1977)
- the interference fringe interval s also changes as the distance between the two interfering waves, that is, the interference area width W, changes, making it difficult to separate the recording system from the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function). are doing.
- the interference fringe interval can be kept constant even when the interference distance of the two waves is changed, so that it is easy to separate from the MTF and the coherence degree of the light source is measured as a spatial distribution. it can. Furthermore, the brightness of the electron source can be obtained from the value.
- a special optical system (different from the sample observation optical system) for measuring the coherence degree and luminance was created and evaluated. Strictly speaking, this method is based on the law of luminance invariance that is established only on the optical axis, and is therefore meaningful for direct measurement by an optical system that actually performs sample observation according to the present invention.
- the MTF and resolution of the recording medium can be measured by changing the spatial frequency (strip interval) recorded on the medium without being affected by other factors such as changes in the degree of coherence and lens conditions.
- Electron interference fringes can draw many parallel thin lines at once instead of an electron beam lithography system.
- Fresnel fringes generated by the biprism prevented uniform thin line drawing.
- fine lines having a uniform dose can be drawn. It is as described above that the interval and the number of lines of the fine lines can be arbitrarily changed. If this thin line is drawn from two directions, X and Y, quantum dots with a regular array can be easily obtained. Furthermore, by controlling the direction of these two drawing, four times It is possible to produce quantum dots with symmetry, sixfold symmetry, and other symmetries.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an optical system of an electron beam interferometer provided with an intermediate nose prism 9 in addition to an upper biprism 9 of the configuration in FIG. Since the deflection can be performed by the intermediate biprism 9 in addition to the deflection by the upper biprism 9, if the magnitude of the deflection is the same, it is advantageous in the withstand voltage of each biprism, and When using the biprism with the maximum withstand voltage, a larger deflection can be obtained, so that the interference fringe interval can be made smaller.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an optical system of an optical interference device for laser light or the like corresponding to FIG. 3 and configured according to this concept.
- the same or equivalent components as those shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the electron biprism is replaced by optical biprisms 51 and 53, and a shielding plate 52 for shielding light is provided at the center position of the optical biprism 51.
- an optical biprism cannot be said to control the voltage to change the deflection angle ⁇ , as in electron beam pipeline. Therefore, it is necessary to replace them according to the target interference fringe interval s and the interference region width W, and thus there is complexity in use.
- This is accomplished by making a container in the shape of an optical biprism and filling it with, for example, a gas and making its pressure variable, i.e. Change the refractive index to perform any angle deflection, or control the reflection angle of the two mirrors instead of the biprism.
- the same effect as the electron biprism can be expected by using the method (for example, K. Harada, K. Ogai and R. Shimizu: Technology Reports of The Osaka University 39, 117 (1989)).
- Fig. 10A-Fig. 10D show the holographic microscope optical system with the upper bi-prism, the third intermediate bi-prism, and the lower bi-prism as in Fig. 8. It is a figure which shows several modified examples! In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 8 or those having the same functions are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the figure, only the representative trajectory of the electron beam from the electron source and the trajectory of the electron beam at the tip and root positions of the sample are shown. 61 is a true electron source, 63 is a first condenser lens, and 65 is a second condenser lens. These constitute the electron source 1 shown in the above embodiment.
- the electron source 1 shown in the embodiment is not a true electron source but a crossover (light source) from which a true electron source 61 and a plurality of condenser lenses can be obtained. From the electron source 1 toward the observation surface 11, the objective lens 5, the first intermediate lens 67, the second intermediate lens 69, the third intermediate lens 71, and the projection lens 73 are arranged.
- FIG. 10A is an example similar to FIG. 8, in which the intermediate biprism is used as an auxiliary to the upper biprism.
- the intermediate biprism electrode 9 is provided above the first intermediate lens 67.
- the lower biprism electrode 9 is positioned above the second image plane 68 (11 in FIG. 8) of the sample below the second image plane 35 of the light source.
- the sample image is enlarged and projected on the third image plane 81 of the sample formed by the second intermediate lens 69, and further enlarged by the third intermediate lens 71 and the projection lens 73 to obtain a final enlarged image on the observation surface 11.
- the interference fringe interval s is changed because the voltage of either the upper pipeline prism electrode 9 or the intermediate biprism electrode 9 may be changed.
- the voltage of the prism electrode 9 can be reduced, which is advantageous in withstand voltage.
- FIG. 10B is the same as FIG. 10A, in which the intermediate biprism is used as an auxiliary to the upper biprism, and the point that the intermediate biprism electrode 9 is moved from the upper part to the lower part of the first intermediate lens 67 is shown. Same except. However, the magnitude of the voltage required to control the interference fringe interval s and the interference area width W, and its sign varies depending on the position of the intermediate biprism electrode 9.
- the intermediate biprism electrode is provided on the second image plane 68 of the sample below the first intermediate lens 67.
- the lower biprism electrode 9 is provided on the third image plane 83 of the light source below the second intermediate lens 69.
- the interference fringe interval s is changed because the voltage of either the upper biprism electrode 9 or the intermediate biprism electrode 9 may be changed. And the voltage of the intermediate biprism electrode 9 can be reduced, and the interference fringe interval s controlled by force, which is advantageous in terms of withstand voltage, is controlled by voltage control of the upper and lower biprism electrodes 9 and 9.
- the interference area width W can be controlled independently without being influenced by each other.
- FIG. 10D is similar to FIG. 10C in that it allows completely independent control of interference fringe spacing s and interference area width W.
- Intermediate biprism electrode 9 Force Light source below first intermediate lens 67 This is an example in which the intermediate biprism is provided as an aid to the lower-stage noise prism.
- FIG. 11 shows the optical characteristics of a holographic microscope using a third intermediate prism as an auxiliary for the lower biprism, as in FIG. 10, and a fourth biprism as an auxiliary for the upper biprism. It is a figure showing an example of a system.
- the upper electron biprism electrode 9 is provided on the first image plane 31 of the sample, and the intermediate biprism electrode 9 is provided on the second image plane 35 of the light source below the first intermediate lens 67.
- the lower biprism electrode 9 is provided on the third image plane 83 of the light source.
- Voltage control for the upper-stage biprism electrode 9 and the intermediate biprism electrode 9, and voltage control for changing the interference region width W can be divided into the lower-stage prism electrode 9 and the fourth biprism electrode 9. 9 and each type b 4
- the voltage of the rhythm electrode can be reduced, which is advantageous in withstand voltage.
- the present invention relates to a wavefront splitting type electron beam interferometer using an electron biprism or a general wavefront splitting type optical interferometer using an optical biprism.
- An electron beam interference device or an optical interference device capable of independently controlling the region width W can be provided, and the convenience for the user can be further improved.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an interference optical system using a conventional electron biprism.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a state in which Fresnel fringes from an electron biprism electrode are superimposed on interference fringes actually obtained.
- FIG. 1C is a diagram showing a state in which a phase distribution of artifacts exists in a reproduced phase image.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an optical system of the electron beam interference device of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an optical system in a case where a voltage is applied to the upper biprism electrode of the electron beam interferometer shown in FIG. 2 and a deflection is also applied to the upper biprism.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an optical system when expanding the interference fringe interval, contrary to FIG.
- FIG. 5 Force that is the same optical system as in Fig. 4.
- the upper biprism deflects the electron beam to a greater distance from the optical axis force, and the wavefront to be imaged passes below the lower electron biprism electrode.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an optical system in a case where conditions are selected so as to perform the operation.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a state of interference fringe formation by a conventional interferometer.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a state of interference fringe formation in which the occurrence of Fresnel fringes is suppressed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6C is a diagram showing how interference fringes are formed by changing the interference fringe interval s without changing the interference region width W according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7A Deflection angles ⁇ and a by controlling the voltage applied to electrodes 9 and 9 of the upper and lower biprisms
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a hologram obtained with a voltage value different from that in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 7C is a view showing a reproduced image of the hologram force shown in FIG. 7B.
- FIG. 7D An image obtained by apparently reversing the phase change by a voltage value different from that in FIG. 7A. It is a figure which shows a program.
- FIG. 7E is a diagram showing a hologram obtained with a voltage value different from that of FIG. 7D.
- FIG. 7F is a diagram showing a reconstructed image from the hologram shown in FIG. 7E.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an optical system of an electron beam interferometer provided with an intermediate biprism in addition to an upper biprism 9 of the configuration in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an optical system of an optical interference device such as a laser beam configured by disposing an optical biprism at the position of the electron biprism having the configuration shown in FIG. 3.
- an optical interference device such as a laser beam configured by disposing an optical biprism at the position of the electron biprism having the configuration shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 10A Equipped with an upper biprism electrode 9, an intermediate biprism electrode 9, and a lower biprism electrode 9, and a third intermediate biprism electrode 9 provided above the first intermediate lens.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an optical system of a rography microscope.
- FIG. 10B A hodala b i provided with an upper biprism electrode 9, an intermediate biprism electrode 9 and a lower biprism electrode 9, with the intermediate Noprism electrode 9 provided below the first intermediate lens.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an optical system of a microscope.
- FIG. 10C Equipped with an upper biprism electrode 9, an intermediate biprism electrode 9 and a lower biprism electrode 9, and the intermediate biprism electrode 9 is connected to the second image plane b i of the sample below the first intermediate lens.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical system of a holographic microscope provided in the holographic microscope.
- FIG. 10D An electrode of the upper biprism 9, an intermediate biprism electrode 9, and an electrode 9 of the lower biprism are provided, and the intermediate biprism electrode 9 is connected to the second image plane b i of the light source below the first intermediate lens.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical system of a holographic microscope provided in the holographic microscope.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of an optical system of a holography microscope using a fourth biprism as an aid to a lower biprism in addition to using a third intermediate biprism as an aid to an upper biprism.
- Electron source 1 ... Electron source, 2 ... Optical axis, 3 ... Sample, 5 ... Objective lens, 7 ... Electron source image plane, 9 ... Electron beam biprism electrode, 9 ... Upper electron beam biprism electrode, 9 ... Lower electron beam bias Prism ub
- Electrode 11 ⁇ Observation surface, 12 ⁇ Image of sample, 13 ⁇ Imaging means such as film or camera, 21
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/585,359 US7538323B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-07 | Interferometer |
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JP2004004156A JP4512180B2 (ja) | 2004-01-09 | 2004-01-09 | 干渉装置 |
JP2004-004156 | 2004-01-09 |
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WO2005066998A1 true WO2005066998A1 (ja) | 2005-07-21 |
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PCT/JP2005/000111 WO2005066998A1 (ja) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-07 | 干渉装置 |
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US (1) | US7538323B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4512180B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005066998A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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JP2007335083A (ja) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-27 | Hitachi Ltd | 電子線ホログラフィ観察装置 |
JP2011040217A (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 透過型電子顕微鏡およびそれを用いた試料像の観察方法 |
WO2011071015A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電子線バイプリズム装置および電子線装置 |
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JP4512183B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-07-28 | 独立行政法人理化学研究所 | 電子線干渉装置 |
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JP4882713B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-08 | 2012-02-22 | 株式会社デンソー | 電子線ホログラム及び透過電子顕微鏡像の作製方法及び透過電子顕微鏡 |
FR2922658B1 (fr) * | 2007-10-18 | 2011-02-04 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Systeme d'illuminations structuree d'un echantillon |
JP5156429B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電子線装置 |
JP4797072B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-06 | 2011-10-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電子線バイプリズムを用いた電子線装置および電子線バイプリズムを用いた電子線装置における浮遊磁場測定方法 |
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JP6554066B2 (ja) | 2016-05-31 | 2019-07-31 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 磁場計測用電子顕微鏡、及び磁場計測法 |
JP6433550B1 (ja) | 2017-07-19 | 2018-12-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 試料保持機構、及び荷電粒子線装置 |
JP7065503B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2022-05-12 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 干渉光学系ユニット,荷電粒子線干渉装置、及び荷電粒子線干渉像観察方法 |
JP7068069B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2022-05-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電子顕微鏡 |
CN112179762A (zh) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-01-05 | 成都迪泰科技有限公司 | 双棱镜辅助测量金属丝的杨氏模量 |
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JPH01264151A (ja) * | 1988-04-15 | 1989-10-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 荷電粒子線装置における複数ビーム発生装置 |
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JP2011040217A (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 透過型電子顕微鏡およびそれを用いた試料像の観察方法 |
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JP5420678B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-02-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 電子線バイプリズム装置および電子線装置 |
Also Published As
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US7538323B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
JP2005197165A (ja) | 2005-07-21 |
US20070272861A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
JP4512180B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 |
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