WO2005053082A1 - 色素増感型太陽電池 - Google Patents
色素増感型太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005053082A1 WO2005053082A1 PCT/JP2004/016317 JP2004016317W WO2005053082A1 WO 2005053082 A1 WO2005053082 A1 WO 2005053082A1 JP 2004016317 W JP2004016317 W JP 2004016317W WO 2005053082 A1 WO2005053082 A1 WO 2005053082A1
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- electrode
- dye
- semiconductor electrode
- light
- substrate
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- 229910000832 white gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
- H01G9/2063—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution comprising a mixture of two or more dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2072—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells comprising two or more photoelectrodes sensible to different parts of the solar spectrum, e.g. tandem cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell that directly converts light energy into electric energy, and more particularly, to a dye-sensitized solar cell having two semiconductor electrodes to improve light use efficiency. Battery.
- This solar cell has a structure in which an electrolyte is interposed between a titanium porous electrode carrying a sensitizing dye and a counter electrode, and has a lower photoelectric conversion efficiency than a silicon-based solar cell. Significant cost reduction is possible in terms of materials and manufacturing methods.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be improved by efficiently using the irradiated light.
- a method for improving the light use efficiency use of a sensitizing dye having a wide wavelength range of light to be absorbed is mentioned.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-93118 attempts to develop such a sensitizing dye. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and has an object to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell having improved light use efficiency by including two semiconductor electrodes. I do.
- a first substrate having a light-transmitting property, a light-transmitting conductive layer provided on a surface of the first substrate, and a sensitization provided on a surface of the light-transmitting conductive layer
- a first semiconductor electrode having a dye, a second semiconductor electrode having a sensitizing dye arranged so that one surface faces the first semiconductor electrode, and a first electrode provided on the other surface of the second semiconductor electrode.
- a first base including an electrode and an electrolyte layer provided between the first semiconductor electrode and the second semiconductor electrode; and a second substrate including the second semiconductor electrode and the first current collector, or the first collector.
- a porous insulating layer provided in contact with the electrode; a second substrate; and a catalyst layer provided on a surface of the second substrate.
- the catalyst layer is disposed so as to face the porous insulating layer.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a comparison between a sensitizing dye included in a first semiconductor electrode and a sensitizing dye included in a second semiconductor electrode with respect to the wavelength of light.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a part of a translucent conductive layer, a first semiconductor electrode, and an electrolyte layer of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view showing a part of an electrolyte layer, a second semiconductor electrode, and a first current collecting electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a grid-like electrode pattern of a semiconductor electrode.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an example of a comb-shaped electrode pattern of a semiconductor electrode.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radial electrode pattern of a semiconductor electrode.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing an example of a grid-like electrode pattern of a collecting electrode.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing an example of a comb-like electrode pattern of a current collecting electrode.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radial electrode pattern of a collecting electrode.
- the dye-sensitized solar cells 201 to 206 As shown in FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, the dye-sensitized solar cells 201 to 206 according to the first and sixth embodiments of the present invention It has a base 101, a porous insulating layer 6, and a second base 102.
- the first base 101 includes a light-transmitting substrate 1, a light-transmitting conductive layer 21 provided on the surface of the light-transmitting substrate 1, and a sensitizing dye 311 provided on the surface of the light-transmitting conductive layer 21.
- a semiconductor electrode 31 see FIG. 3
- a second semiconductor electrode 32 see FIG.
- the first current collecting electrode 41 does not need to transmit light to the porous insulating layer 6 and the second base 102, and thus has a light transmitting property. However, it does not need to have translucency.
- the second base 102 includes the substrate 7 and the catalyst layer 8 provided on the surface of the substrate 7. The second base 102 may have translucency as a whole, but does not have to have translucency. Therefore, the substrate 7 and the catalyst layer 8 may or may not have the translucency, but may not have the translucency.
- the translucency means that the transmittance of visible light having a wavelength of 400 to 900 nm represented by the following formula is 10% or more. This transmittance is preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 85%.
- the meaning of translucency and the preferable transmittance are all the same.
- Transmittance (%) (transmitted light quantity Z incident light quantity) X 100
- Examples of the translucent substrate 1 include a substrate having high strength such as glass and a resin sheet.
- the resin sheet is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include resin sheets having high strength such as polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyethylidene norbornene.
- the thickness of the translucent substrate 1 varies depending on the material, and is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable that the above-mentioned transmittance is a thickness of 60 to 99%, particularly 85 to 99%! / ⁇ .
- the translucent conductive layer 21 is not particularly limited as long as it has translucency and conductivity.
- Examples of the translucent conductive layer 21 include a thin film made of a conductive oxide, a metal thin film, a carbon thin film, and the like.
- Examples of the conductive oxide include tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium oxide, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), zinc oxide, and the like.
- Examples of the metal include platinum, gold, copper, aluminum, rhodium, and indium.
- the thickness of the translucent conductive layer 21 varies depending on the material and is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable that the thickness be such that the surface resistance is OO ⁇ Zcm 2 or less, particularly, 11 ⁇ Zcm 2 . .
- the method for forming the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 is not particularly limited, and the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 can be formed by applying a paste containing fine particles of a metal, a conductive oxide, or the like to the surface of the light-transmitting substrate 1.
- the coating method include various methods such as a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, and a spin coating method.
- the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 can also be formed by a sputtering method using a metal, a conductive oxide, a vacuum evaporation method, an ion plating method, or the like.
- a complex dye and an organic dye that improve the function of photoelectric conversion can be used.
- the complex dye include a metal complex dye
- examples of the organic dye include a polymethine dye and a merocyanine dye.
- examples of the metal complex dye include a ruthenium complex dye and an osmium complex dye, and a ruthenium complex dye is particularly preferable.
- two or more sensitizing dyes having different wavelength ranges in which a sensitizing effect is exhibited can be used in combination.
- the sensitizing dye 311 and the sensitizing dye 321 it is preferable to set the types of the sensitizing dye 311 and the sensitizing dye 321 to be used together and their quantitative ratios according to the wavelength range of the irradiated light and the intensity distribution. It is preferable that the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 have a functional group for binding to the semiconductor electrodes 31 and 32, respectively. Examples of the functional group include a carboxyl group, a sulfonic group, and a cyano group.
- the sensitizing dye 311 and the sensitizing dye 321 may be the same. That is, even if the wavelength range of light absorbed by each of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 is the same, providing two semiconductor electrodes increases the utilization efficiency of the irradiated light. Can be photoelectrical The conversion efficiency is improved.
- the utilization efficiency of the irradiated light can be increased, and the photoelectric conversion can be performed. This is preferable because the efficiency can be further improved.
- the combination of the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 having different wavelength ranges of the light to be absorbed is not particularly limited.
- the sensitizing dye 311 of the first semiconductor electrode 31 provided on the transparent substrate 1 absorbs the light. It is preferable that the wavelength range of light is shorter than the wavelength range of light absorbed by the sensitizing dye 321 of the second semiconductor electrode 32. By doing so, the amount of light that passes through the first semiconductor electrode 31 and reaches the second semiconductor electrode 32 can be increased, and the light use efficiency can be further improved.
- sensitizing dye 311 and sensitizing dye 321 is composed of two or more sensitizing dyes having different wavelength ranges of light to be absorbed. In this case, it is more preferable that all of the sensitizing dyes contained in the sensitizing dye 311 and the sensitizing dye 321 absorb different wavelength ranges. If the wavelength ranges of light absorbed by all the sensitizing dyes are different from each other, the wavelength range of light that can be absorbed can be broadened, and the light use efficiency can be greatly improved. be able to.
- Each of the electrode bases of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 can be formed of a metal oxide, a metal oxide, or the like.
- the metal oxidized product include titanium, tin oxide, zinc oxide, oxidized niobium such as oxidized niobium pentoxide, tantalum oxidized tantalum, and zirconia. Further, double oxides such as strontium titanate, calcium titanate and barium titanate can also be used.
- the metal sulfide include zinc sulfide, lead sulfide, and bismuth sulfide.
- the method for producing the electrode substrate is not particularly limited.
- a slurry containing fine particles of a metal oxide, a metal sulfide, or the like is applied to the surface of the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 of the first substrate 101, followed by firing. can do.
- a slurry containing fine particles such as metal oxides and metal sulfides is used. Apply to the surface of the porous insulating layer 6 and the first current collecting electrode 41 or the surface of the first current collecting electrode 41
- the method for applying the slurry is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, and a spin coating method.
- the electrode substrate thus manufactured is formed in the form of an aggregate of fine particles.
- the electrode substrate is formed on the surface of the light transmitting conductive layer 21 of the first substrate 101, and in the case of the second semiconductor electrode 32, the porous insulating layer 6 and the first current collecting electrode 41 are formed. surface
- a colloidal solution in which fine particles such as metal oxides and metal sulfides and a small amount of an organic polymer are dispersed is applied to the surface of the first current collecting electrode 41, and then dried and then heated to form an organic material. It can also be produced by decomposing and removing a polymer.
- the colloid solution can also be applied by various methods such as a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, and a spin coating method.
- the electrode substrate thus produced is also formed in the form of an aggregate of fine particles.
- each of the electrode bases of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 is usually formed in the form of an aggregate of fine particles.
- the average particle size of the fine particles measured by X-ray diffraction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 100 nm, particularly preferably 10 to 40 nm. Further, it is more preferable that the average particle diameter of the electrode substrate of the first semiconductor electrode 31 is smaller than the average particle diameter of the electrode substrate of the second semiconductor electrode 32. Thereby, the amount of light transmitted through the first semiconductor electrode 31 on the light receiving surface side can be increased, and the light use efficiency can be further improved.
- the difference between the average particle diameter of the electrode substrate of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the average particle diameter of the electrode substrate of the second semiconductor electrode 32 is not particularly limited, but may be 5 to 60 nm, particularly 10 to 50 ⁇ m. preferable. Further, if the average particle size of the electrode substrate of the first semiconductor electrode 31 is 10 to 20 ⁇ m and the average particle size of the electrode substrate of the second semiconductor electrode 32 is 30 to 50 ⁇ m, The amount of light that passes through and reaches the second semiconductor electrode 32 can be made sufficiently large, and the light use efficiency can be further improved.
- each of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 is not particularly limited, and may be a planar electrode or a linear electrode formed with a specific electrode pattern.
- the first semiconductor electrode 31 is usually planar, and is provided on a portion of the surface of the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 except for a peripheral portion where a joint is formed.
- the second semiconductor electrode 32 is a specific electrode. It is preferable to use a linear electrode formed in a pattern.
- the specific pattern is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lattice pattern 33 as shown in FIG. 10, a comb-shaped pattern 34 as shown in FIG. 11, a radial pattern 35 as shown in FIG.
- the width and thickness of the linear electrode are not particularly limited, and may be set in consideration of the photoelectric conversion efficiency, cost, and the like. preferable. As described above, by forming the second semiconductor electrode 32 as a linear electrode formed in a specific pattern, the electrolyte and the like can be easily moved toward the catalyst layer 8.
- the thickness of each of them is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 to 100 m, 50 ⁇ m, especially 2-40 m, and even 5-30 m. If the thickness of each of the semiconductor electrodes 31 and 32 is 0.1 to 100 m, the photoelectric conversion is sufficiently performed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
- the first semiconductor electrode 31 has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.1, particularly 0.5 to 1 m, and furthermore to 1 to 15 ⁇ m. It is preferable that the thickness is 30 ⁇ m and the first semiconductor electrode 31 is thinner than the second semiconductor electrode 32.
- the first semiconductor electrode 31 improves its strength and adhesion to the translucent conductive layer 21. Therefore, the second semiconductor electrode 32 has its strength, the porous insulating layer 6 and the first current collecting electrode.
- Heat treatment is preferably performed to improve the adhesiveness to 41.
- the temperature and time of the heat treatment are not particularly limited, but the heat treatment temperature is preferably 40 to 700 ° C, particularly 100 to 500 ° C, and the heat treatment time is preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours, particularly 20 minutes to 5 hours.
- a resin sheet is used as the light-transmitting substrate 1 on the first semiconductor electrode 31 side, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment at a low temperature so that the resin is not thermally degraded.
- the method of attaching the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 to the electrode substrate is not particularly limited.
- the electrode substrate is immersed in a solution in which the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 are dissolved in an organic solvent, and the solution is impregnated. Thereafter, the organic solvent can be removed by removing the organic solvent. Further, a solution in which sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 are dissolved in an organic solvent is applied to an electrode substrate, and then the organic solvent is It can be attached by removing it.
- the coating method include a wire bar method, a slide hopper method, an etastrusion method, a curtain coating method, a spin coating method, and a spray coating method. This solution can be applied by a printing method such as offset printing, gravure printing, or screen printing.
- the amount of the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 to be attached is preferably 0.01 to 1 millimeter, particularly 0.5 to 1 millimeter with respect to the electrode substrate lg of the semiconductor electrodes 31 and 32! If the adhesion force is 0.01-1 millimeter, the photoelectric conversion in the semiconductor electrodes 31 and 32 is efficiently performed.
- the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 may be attached to at least the surface of the electrode substrate, but it is preferable that the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 are attached and contained within a distance of 90% from the surface of the electrode substrate. Adhered and contained throughout the electrode substrate. Thereby, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further improved.
- the conversion efficiency may decrease. Therefore, it is preferable that after the process of attaching the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321, the semiconductor electrodes 31 and 32 are washed to remove the excess sensitizing dyes 311 and 321. This removal can be performed by washing with a polar solvent such as acetonitrile and an organic solvent such as an alcohol solvent using a washing tank. Further, in order to attach a large amount of the sensitizing dyes 311 and 321 to the electrode substrate, it is preferable to perform a process such as immersion or coating by heating the electrode substrate. In this case, in order to prevent water from adsorbing on the surface of the electrode substrate, it is preferable to perform the treatment promptly at 40 to 80 ° C. after heating without lowering the temperature to room temperature.
- the first current collecting electrode 41 is provided on the other surface of the second semiconductor electrode 32.
- the shape of the first current collecting electrode 41 is not particularly limited, and may be a planar shape as shown in FIG.
- the area of the first current collecting electrode 41 is smaller than the surface of the second semiconductor electrode 32.
- the porous body is preferable.
- the first current collecting electrode 41 can be formed in contact with the entire other surface of the second semiconductor electrode 32, but in this case, the first current collecting electrode 41 is formed of a porous material containing an electrolyte and capable of moving. It is necessary to make the body.
- the cross section of the porous body is observed with an electron microscope, and the porosity calculated as the area ratio of the area of the porosity to the entire area of the visual field is not particularly limited.
- the first current collecting electrode 41 can contain a required amount of electrolyte and can sufficiently move the electrolyte.
- the first current-collecting electrode 41 which also has a porous physical strength, is formed of a coating film formed using a metallized ink containing a metal component such as tungsten, titanium, and nickel, and an oxidizing material pore-forming agent such as alumina. Can be manufactured by firing.
- the first current collecting electrode 41 may be a linear electrode formed by a specific electrode pattern.
- the specific pattern is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lattice pattern 44 as shown in FIG. 13, a comb-like pattern 45 as shown in FIG. 14, a radial pattern 46 as shown in FIG.
- the width and thickness of the linear electrode are not particularly limited, and should be set in consideration of the electric resistance, cost, and the like. Is preferred.
- the total area of the first current collecting electrodes 41 is larger than the total area of the second semiconductor electrodes 32. It is preferably 1 to 90%, particularly 5 to 50%, more preferably 10 to 20%. If the total area of the first current collecting electrode 41 is 1 to 90%, particularly 5 to 50% of the total area of the second semiconductor electrode 32, the area where the first current collecting electrode 41 is not provided is The electrolyte can be sufficiently interposed, and the electrolyte can be easily moved.
- the electrolyte layer 5 can be formed by an electrolyte solution.
- This electrolyte solution usually contains a solvent and various additives in addition to the electrolyte.
- the iodide in (1) include metal iodides such as Lil, Nal, KI, Csl, and Cal, and tetraalkylammonium-dumide, pyridyl-moulda.
- the bromide in (2) includes metals such as LiBr, NaBr, KBr, CsBr, and CaBr.
- bromide, and bromide salts of quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetraalkylammonium-bromobromide and pyridi-ambromide.
- quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetraalkylammonium-bromobromide and pyridi-ambromide.
- I and Lil an electrolyte obtained by combining a quaternary ammonium compound such as pyridinium mosidide and imidazolidum oxalate with an iodine salt is particularly preferable.
- These electrolytes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent contained in the electrolyte layer 5 is preferably a solvent having a low viscosity, a high ionic mobility and a sufficient ion conductivity.
- a solvent include (1) carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, (2) heterocyclic compounds such as 3-methyl-2-year-old xazolidinone, and (3) ethers such as dioxane and getyl ether.
- chain ethers such as ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and polypropylene glycol dialkyl ether; (5) methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol monoolequinolate ether, propylene Monoanolecones such as glycolone monoolequine ethereol, polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether; (6) ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and glycerin; (7) -tolyls such as acetonitrile, glutarodi-tolyl, methoxyacetonitrile, propio-tolyl, and benzo-tolyl; Non-proton polar substances such as sulfolane
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 5 is not particularly limited, but can be 100 m or less, particularly 20 m or less. If the thickness is 100 m or less, particularly 20 m or less, the photoelectric conversion Efficiency can be increased sufficiently. Furthermore, the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 can be brought into contact with each other. In this case, if the thickness of the formed gap is 20 m or less (usually, the thickness is not less than 20 m), the photoelectric conversion is performed. The efficiency can be made sufficiently high.
- the method for providing the electrolyte layer 5 is not particularly limited.
- the conductive layer 22 is provided between the light-transmitting substrate 1 and the substrate 7 or between the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 and the substrate 7 or on the side of the substrate 7 as described later, the light-transmitting Between the substrate 1 and the substrate 7, between the translucent conductive layer 21 and the substrate 7, between the translucent substrate 1 and the conductive layer 22, or between the translucent conductive layer 21 and the conductive layer 22.
- the first semiconductor An electrolyte solution can be injected into a sealed space formed by sealing with resin or glass around the electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 and the like.
- the electrolyte solution may be injected into the closed space from the side of the light-transmitting substrate 1 or from the side of the substrate 7, but may be injected into the light-transmitting substrate 1, which has few components that need to be perforated.
- an inlet is provided. Although only one inlet is required, other holes may be provided for venting air. By providing the holes for air release in this manner, the electrolyte solution can be more easily injected.
- the resin used for sealing around the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 include epoxy resin, urethane resin, polyimide resin, thermosetting polyester resin and the like. Fats. Further, this sealing can be performed with glass, and particularly when the solar cells 201 to 206 are required to have long-term durability, it is preferable to seal with glass.
- the electrolyte layer 5 can also be provided with an ionic liquid such as a non-volatile imidazolyl salt, a liquid obtained by gelling this ionic liquid, and a solid such as copper iodide and copper thiocyanide.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 5 is not particularly limited, but can be 100 ⁇ m or less, particularly 20 ⁇ m or less (usually 1 ⁇ m or more) as in the case of using the electrolyte solution. . If the upper limit of the thickness in each case is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the conversion efficiency can be sufficiently increased.
- the porous insulating layer 6 is provided in contact with the second semiconductor electrode 32 and the first current collecting electrode 41, or the first current collecting electrode 41.
- the material of the porous insulating layer 6 is not particularly limited, but is preferably formed of ceramic.
- the ceramic is not particularly limited, and various ceramics such as an oxide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, and a carbide ceramic can be used. Alumina, mullite, zirconia and the like can be mentioned as oxide-based ceramics.
- the nitride ceramic include silicon nitride, sialon, titanium nitride, and aluminum nitride.
- the carbide-based ceramic include silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and aluminum carbide.
- alumina which is preferably alumina, silicon nitride, or zirconia, is particularly preferable.
- the porosity of the porous insulating layer 6 is not particularly limited, a cross section of the porous insulating layer 6 is observed with an electron microscope, and is calculated as an area ratio of the area of the porosity portion to the entire area of the visual field.
- the porosity force is preferably 2 to 40%, particularly 10 to 30%, and more preferably 15 to 25%.
- the porosity is 2 to 40%, particularly 10 to 30%, the content and movement of the electrolyte are easy, and the action of photoelectric conversion is not impaired.
- the thickness of the porous insulating layer 6 is also not particularly limited, but may be 0.5-20 / ⁇ , particularly 110 / ⁇ , and further 2-7 m. When the thickness of the porous insulating layer 6 is 0.5 m or more, the semiconductor electrode 32 side and the catalyst layer 8 side can be electrically insulated.
- the porous insulating layer 6 is formed by depositing a ceramic such as alumina, silicon nitride, or zirconium on the surface of the catalyst layer 8 by a physical vapor deposition method such as a magnetron sputtering method or an electron beam vapor deposition method. Can be.
- a coating film may be formed on the surface of the catalyst layer 8 by a screen printing method or the like using a slurry containing each ceramic component, a sintering aid, an organic binder, and the like, and then a porous body may be formed. It can be formed by a method of firing under conditions.
- a coating film is formed on the surface of the catalyst layer 8 by a screen printing method or the like, and then at a predetermined temperature. It can also be formed by a method such as firing for the required time.
- the substrate 7 may or may not have translucency.
- the light-transmitting substrate 7 glass, a resin sheet, or the like can be used as in the case of the light-transmitting substrate 1.
- a resin sheet examples of the resin used for forming this sheet include thermoplastic resins such as polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyethylidene norbornene.
- thermoplastic resins such as polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, and polyethylidene norbornene.
- the substrate 7 is a light-transmitting substrate, its thickness depends on the material and is not particularly limited, but the thickness is such that the above-mentioned transmittance is 60 to 99%, particularly 85 to 99%. Is preferred.
- the substrate 7 having no translucency can be formed of ceramic.
- the substrate 7 made of ceramic has high strength, and the substrate 7 can be used as a supporting substrate to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell 201-206 having excellent durability.
- the ceramic used for forming the ceramic substrate 7 is not particularly limited, and various ceramics such as an oxide ceramic, a nitride ceramic, and a carbide ceramic can be used.
- the oxidizing ceramics include alumina, mullite, and zirconia.
- a nitride ceramic Silicon, sialon, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of the carbide-based ceramic include silicon carbide, titanium carbide, aluminum carbide and the like.
- alumina which is preferably used such as alumina, silicon nitride, and zirconia, is particularly preferable.
- the substrate 7 is made of a ceramic material
- its thickness is not particularly limited, but may be 100 ⁇ m-5 mm, particularly 500 ⁇ m-5 mm, and further 800 ⁇ m-5 mm, and 500 ⁇ m-2 mm It can also be. If the thickness of the ceramic substrate is 100 ⁇ m-5 mm, especially 800 ⁇ m-5 mm, this strong substrate 7 will be the supporting substrate, and it will be a dye-sensitized solar cell 201-206 with excellent durability. be able to.
- the catalyst layer 8 is formed of a metal having a catalytic activity, or a metal, a conductive oxide and a conductive polymer used for forming the light-transmitting conductive layer. And at least one of them.
- the substance having catalytic activity include noble metals such as platinum, gold, and rhodium (however, silver is not preferable because of its low corrosion resistance to electrolytes. And carbon black, etc., which together have conductivity.
- the catalyst layer 8 has high catalytic activity, which is preferably formed of a precious metal having catalytic activity and being electrochemically stable, is hard to be dissolved in an electrolyte solution, and particularly preferably uses platinum.
- the metal used in the catalyst layer 8 may be aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, or the like. And tungsten.
- the conductive polymer used by being mixed with the catalyst layer 8 is aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, or the like.
- the conductive polymer include those prepared by blending various conductive materials with non-conductive resin.
- the resin is not particularly limited, and may be a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
- the thermoplastic resin include thermoplastic polyester resin, polyamide, polyolefin, and polychloride butyl.
- the thermosetting resin include an epoxy resin, a thermosetting polyester resin, and a phenol resin.
- the conductive substance is also not particularly limited, and noble metals such as carbon black, platinum, gold, and rhodium, and metals such as copper, aluminum, nickel, chromium, and tungsten, and conductive polymers such as polyaline, polypyrrole, and polyacetylene. And the like.
- noble metals such as carbon black, platinum, gold, and rhodium, and metals such as copper, aluminum, nickel, chromium, and tungsten
- conductive polymers such as polyaline, polypyrrole, and polyacetylene. And the like.
- carbon black and a noble metal having both conductivity and catalytic activity are particularly preferable.
- the conductive material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the substance having the catalytic activity described above depends on the metal, the conductive oxide, and the conductive polymer.
- 100 parts by mass and the like it is preferably 1 to 99 parts by mass, particularly preferably 50 to 99 parts by mass.
- the catalyst layer 8 can be formed of a substance having conductivity and catalytic activity. Further, it can be formed of at least one of a metal, a conductive oxide, and a conductive high molecule containing a substance having catalytic activity. Further, the catalyst layer may be a layer composed of only one material or a mixed layer composed of two or more materials. The catalyst layer is formed of a metal layer, a conductive oxide layer, a conductive polymer layer, or a mixed layer having a force of at least two of metals, conductive oxides, and conductive polymers. A multi-layered catalyst layer having a force of two or more layers may be used.
- the thickness of the catalyst layer 8 is not particularly limited, but may be 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m, particularly 3 nm to 2 ⁇ m in both cases of a single layer and a multilayer. If the thickness of the catalyst layer 8 is 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m, the catalyst layer 8 can have sufficiently low resistance.
- the catalyst layer 8 made of a substance having catalytic activity has a metallizing layer containing fine particles of a substance having catalytic activity coated on the surface of the substrate 7 and, when the conductive layer 22 is provided, on the surface of the conductive layer 22. It can be formed by coating. Further, the catalyst layer 8 made of a metal or a conductive oxide containing a substance having a catalytic activity can also be formed by the same method as in the case of a substance having a catalytic activity. Examples of the coating method include various methods such as a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, and a spin coating method.
- the catalyst layer 8 can also be formed by depositing a metal or the like on the surface of the substrate 7 or the like by a sputtering method, an evaporation method, an ion plating method, or the like.
- the catalyst layer 8 is made of a conductive polymer containing a substance having a catalytic activity
- the conductive polymer and a substance having a catalytic activity such as a powder or a fiber are mixed with a Banbury mixer, an internal mixer
- the resin composition prepared by kneading with a device such as an open roll is formed into a film, and this film is used as a substrate 7 or the like. It can be formed by bonding to a surface.
- a solution or dispersion prepared by dissolving or dispersing the resin composition in a solvent can be applied to the surface of the substrate 7 or the like, dried, and the solvent can be removed.
- the catalyst layer 8 is a mixed layer, it can be formed by an appropriate method among the various methods described above, depending on the type of the contained material.
- a second current collecting electrode 42 can be provided between the second current collecting electrode 42 and the surface of the conductive layer 22.
- the second current collecting electrode 42 is formed by forming the catalyst layer 8 from a noble metal having excellent conductivity such as white gold or gold, and particularly when the catalyst layer 8 is thickened to 20 nm or more, further 1 ⁇ m or more (usually 10 m or less). It is not necessary to provide them from the viewpoint of conductivity, but it is preferable to provide them in terms of cost. That is, since platinum and the like are expensive, it is preferable to make the catalyst layer 8 as thin as possible.
- the thin layer has a high resistance
- the second collection in which the metal force of tungsten, titanium, nickel, and the like is high.
- the current collection efficiency can be improved and the cost can be reduced.
- the catalyst layer 8 is formed of a composition or the like in which a substance having catalytic activity is mixed with a conductive oxide, the resistance of the catalyst layer 8 becomes higher. It is more preferable to increase the efficiency.
- the shape of the second current collecting electrode 42 is not particularly limited. However, since the second base 102 is not necessarily transparent, the second current collecting electrode 42 has a planar shape as shown in FIG. be able to. Since the second current collecting electrode 42 does not need to move the electrolyte, it may not be a porous body when it is planar, but may be a porous body. Further, in order to form the second current collecting electrode 42 having a low resistance, the planar shape is similar to that of the catalyst layer 8 and is 50% or more, particularly 65% or more, and further 80% or more with respect to the catalyst layer 8 (the same as above). It is preferable that the electrode is a planar electrode having an area. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the catalyst layer 8 is arranged in a similar shape.
- the second current collecting electrode 42 may be a linear electrode formed by a specific electrode pattern as shown in FIG.
- the specific pattern is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lattice pattern 44 as shown in FIG. 13, a comb-like pattern 45 as shown in FIG. 14, a radial pattern 46 as shown in FIG.
- the width and thickness of the linear electrode are not particularly limited, and the electrical resistance and cost are taken into consideration. It is preferable to design and set.
- the entire area of the second current collecting electrode 42 is not particularly limited, but may be smaller than the entire area of the catalyst layer 8. It can be 0.1% or more, especially 5% or more, and further 10% or more. The total area can be 90% or more, and the second current collecting electrode 42 having such a large area can further increase the current collecting efficiency.
- a third current collecting electrode 43 is further provided between the light transmitting substrate 1 and the light transmitting conductive layer 21 or on the surface of the light transmitting conductive layer 21. You can also.
- the shape of the third current collecting electrode 43 is not particularly limited as long as the translucency is maintained, and may be a linear electrode formed by a specific electrode pattern.
- the electrodes may be shaped like a lattice pattern 44 as shown in FIG. 13, a comb-like pattern 45 as shown in FIG. 14, a radial pattern 46 as shown in FIG.
- the third current collecting electrode 43 is formed in a linear shape with a specific electrode pattern, the width and thickness of the linear electrode are not particularly limited, and should be set in consideration of the electrical resistance and cost.
- the total area of the third current collecting electrode 43 is preferably 0.1-20%, particularly 0.1-5%, and more preferably 0.1-1% with respect to the total area of the first semiconductor electrode 31. If the total area of the third current collecting electrode 43 is 0.1 to 20% with respect to the total area of the first semiconductor electrode 31, the current collecting efficiency can be increased and the first semiconductor electrode 31 is irradiated. The light intensity can be sufficiently maintained.
- the method of providing the first current collecting electrode 41, the second current collecting electrode 42, and the third current collecting electrode 43 is not particularly limited.
- a magnetron sputtering using a mask on which a predetermined pattern is formed is used.
- a method of depositing a metal such as tungsten, titanium, and nickel by a physical vapor deposition method such as an electron beam vapor deposition method, and then patterning by photolithography or the like is used.
- it can be formed by a method of patterning using a metallizing ink containing each metal component by a screen printing method or the like, followed by firing.
- a metal used for the physical vapor deposition method or the like besides tungsten, titanium and nickel, a noble metal such as platinum and gold, copper and the like can also be used.
- a noble metal such as platinum and gold, copper and the like
- the metal it is preferable to use tungsten, titanium, nickel, a noble metal, or the like having excellent corrosion resistance.
- Noble metals such as tungsten, titanium, nickel, platinum, and gold, copper, and the like can also be used as the metal contained in the metallizing.
- tungsten, titanium which has excellent corrosion resistance
- nickel, a noble metal, or the like is preferable to use.
- the densities of the current collecting electrodes 41, 42, and 43 can be adjusted depending on the conditions of physical vaporization and firing, and in particular, in the case of the first current collecting electrode 41, the above-mentioned empty space is used. It is preferable to use a current collecting electrode made of a porous material having a porosity.
- the conductive layer 22 is not necessary when the current collecting efficiency of the second current collecting electrode 42 is sufficiently high, but improves the current collecting efficiency when the current collecting efficiency of the second current collecting electrode 42 is not sufficient. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the second base 102 between the substrate 7 and the catalyst layer 8.
- the conductive layer 22 may or may not have a light-transmitting property. Further, the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 can be formed using the same material or the like.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 22 is not particularly limited because light transmission is not essential, but a thin film is preferable in terms of cost. Although a thin film is transparent, the internal resistance is high. Therefore, it is preferable that the thickness of the conductive layer 22 be set in consideration of the light transmission and the internal resistance.In general, the surface resistance is 100 ⁇ / cm 2 or less, particularly, 11 ⁇ / cm 2. It can be thickness.
- the method for forming the conductive layer 22 is not particularly limited, either, and the conductive layer 22 can be formed by applying a paste containing fine particles such as a metal and a conductive oxide to the surface of the substrate 7.
- the coating method include various methods such as a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, and a spin coating method.
- the conductive layer 22 can also be formed by depositing a metal or the like on the surface of the substrate 7 by a sputtering method, an evaporation method, an ion plating method, or the like.
- the method for producing the dye-sensitized solar cells 201 to 206 is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be produced by the following method.
- the light-transmitting substrate 1, the light-transmitting conductive layer 21, and the first semiconductor electrode 31 are laminated in this order, or when the third current collecting electrode 43 is provided, the light-transmitting substrate 1 and the light-transmitting conductive A laminate formed by further laminating a third current collecting electrode 43 between the layer 21 or on the surface of the translucent conductive layer 21, a substrate 7, a catalyst layer 8, a porous insulating layer 6, a first current collecting electrode 4
- the first and second semiconductor electrodes 32 are laminated in this order, or when the second current collecting electrode 42 or the conductive layer 22 is provided, the second current collecting electrode is further provided between the substrate 7 and the catalyst layer 8.
- the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 are laminated so as to face each other and the laminate obtained by laminating the conductive layer 22 and the conductive layer 22 to obtain a dye-sensitized solar cell 201-206.
- the use efficiency of irradiated light is high, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
- the wavelength range of light absorbed by each of the sensitizing dye 311 of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the sensitizing dye 321 of the second semiconductor electrode 32 is different, the light use efficiency can be further improved.
- the wavelength range of light absorbed by the sensitizing dye 311 is shorter than the wavelength range of light absorbed by the sensitizing dye 321, the light amount transmitted through the first semiconductor electrode 31 on the light receiving surface side is reduced. It can be increased, and the light use efficiency can be further improved.
- the sensitizing dye 311 and the sensitizing dye 321 is composed of two or more sensitizing dyes having different wavelength ranges of the light to be absorbed, the wavelength range of the light to be absorbed is higher. It is wider and light use efficiency is especially improved.
- Each of the electrode bases of the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 is composed of an aggregate of particles, and the average particle diameter of the particles constituting the electrode base of the first semiconductor electrode 31 is the second semiconductor electrode. Even when the average particle diameter of the particles constituting the 32 electrode bases is smaller, the amount of light transmitted through the first semiconductor electrode 31 on the light receiving surface side can be increased, and the light use efficiency can be further improved. Monkey
- the electrolyte and the like can be sufficiently moved toward the catalyst layer 8.
- the electrolyte and the like can be sufficiently moved toward the catalyst layer 8.
- the first current collecting electrode 41 is linearly formed with a specific electrode pattern, the current collecting efficiency can be improved and the electrolyte and the like can be sufficiently moved toward the catalyst layer 8. be able to.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further improved.
- the third current collecting electrode 43 is provided between the light transmitting substrate 1 and the light transmitting conductive layer 21 or on the surface of the light transmitting conductive layer 21, the current collecting efficiency of the first semiconductor electrode 31 is increased. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is further improved.
- the third current collecting electrode 43 is formed in a linear shape with a specific electrode pattern, a sufficient amount of light can be transmitted toward the semiconductor electrode 31.
- the substrate 7 When the substrate 7 is made of ceramic, the substrate 7 serves as a support substrate, and has excellent durability. Dye-sensitized solar cells 201 to 206 can be obtained.
- a glass substrate having a length of 100 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of lmm is used as the light-transmitting substrate 1, and tungsten is used on the surface thereof.
- Three current collecting electrodes 43 were formed.
- the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 made of fluorine-doped suzuka having a thickness of 500 nm was formed by RF sputtering.
- a slurry containing titanium particles having a particle size of 10 to 20 nm (trade name “Ti Nonoxide DZSP” manufactured by Solaronix) was applied to the surface of the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 by screen printing.
- a titanium electrode layer (electrode substrate) having a length of 90 mm, a width of 90 mm and a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- this laminate was immersed in an ethanol solution of a ruthenium complex (manufactured by Solaronix, trade name “535bis-TBA”) for 10 hours, and as shown in FIG. —
- a ruthenium complex which is a sensitizing dye 311 that absorbs light in a wavelength region of 600 nm, was attached to form a first semiconductor electrode 31, thereby producing a first laminate.
- a slurry was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of alumina powder having a purity of 99.9% by mass with 5 parts by mass of a mixed powder of magnesium, silica and silica as a sintering aid, and 2 parts by mass of a binder and a solvent, Using this slurry, an alumina green sheet having a thickness of 2 mm was prepared by a doctor blade method. Thereafter, a 500 nm-thick conductive coating film serving as the catalyst layer 8 was formed on the surface of the alumina green sheet by a screen printing method using a metallizing ink containing a platinum component.
- a 6 ⁇ m-thick insulating coating film to be the porous insulating layer 6 was formed by using a slurry obtained by further mixing carbon as a pore-forming agent with the above slurry. Then, a hole is formed on the surface of this insulating coating film by the metallizing ink. Using an ink containing alumina powder as an agent, a conductive coating film having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to be the first current collecting electrode 41 was formed.
- a catalyst layer 8 90 mm long, 90 mm wide, 500 nm thick, 90 mm long, 90 mm wide, 5 ⁇ m thick is formed on the surface of an alumina substrate 7 having a thickness of lmm.
- the slurry containing the titanium particles was applied to the surface of the first current collecting electrode 41 by a screen printing method, dried and fired in the same manner to obtain a 90 mm long, 90 mm wide, and 20 mm thick.
- Electrode substrate An m-thick electrode layer (electrode substrate) was formed. Next, this laminate is immersed for 10 hours in a solution containing a sensitizing dye 321 which is an organic dye that absorbs light in a wavelength range of 500 to 7 OO nm, and the sensitizing dye 321 is added to the sintered titanium particles.
- the second semiconductor electrode 32 was formed by the attachment to form a second stacked body.
- the catalyst layer 8 of the alumina substrate 7 of the second laminate is formed, and an adhesive sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, which is also a thermoplastic resin (Solaronix, trade name “SX1170-60”), is formed on the part.
- an adhesive sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m which is also a thermoplastic resin (Solaronix, trade name “SX1170-60”), is formed on the part.
- the first stacked body is arranged so that the first semiconductor electrode 31 and the second semiconductor electrode 32 of the second stacked body are opposed to each other, and then the alumina substrate 7 is turned down.
- the substrate was placed on a hot plate adjusted to 100 ° C. and heated for 5 minutes to bond the light-transmitting conductive layer 21 of the first laminate to the alumina substrate 7 of the second laminate, thereby forming a joint 9.
- a lociodine electrolytic solution manufactured by Solaronix, trade name “Io dolyte PN-50”
- Io dolyte PN-50 a lociodine electrolytic solution
- the injected iodine electrolyte is contained in the porous first current collecting electrode 41 and the porous insulating layer 6 and further moves to reach the surface of the catalyst layer 8.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell 201 was produced.
- the inlet was sealed with the above-mentioned adhesive. The power was extracted from each of the third current collecting electrode 43, the first current collecting electrode 41, and the catalyst layer 8.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell 205 produced in (1)-(3) above was illuminated with simulated sunlight having an irradiation intensity of lOOmWZcm 2 by a solar simulator whose spectrum was adjusted to AMI. Upon irradiation, it had a characteristic of a conversion efficiency of 10.5%.
- a 1 m-thick planar second current collecting electrode 42 made of tungsten is provided on the surface of the ceramic substrate 7 by a sputtering method, and the catalyst layer 8 is formed on the surface of the second current collecting electrode 42.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell 206 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the provision. The power was taken out from each of the third current collecting electrode 43, the first current collecting electrode 41, and the second current collecting electrode.
- the characteristic was a conversion efficiency of 10.8%, which was superior to Example 1
- the current collecting electrode 42 was also provided on the catalyst layer 8 side. It can be seen that the provision of such a structure further improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first current collecting electrode 41 was not provided, and its performance was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the characteristic is 2%, which indicates that the characteristics are inferior to those of Examples 1 and 2.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive layer 21, the semiconductor electrode 31, and the current collecting electrode 43 were not provided, and the performance was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was found that the conversion efficiency was 6.8%, which was inferior to those of Examples 1 and 2.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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EP04819284A EP1689018A1 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-04 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
AU2004310584A AU2004310584C1 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-04 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
US10/571,532 US20060289057A1 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-04 | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
BRPI0415979-9A BRPI0415979A (pt) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-04 | célula solar sensìvel a corante |
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JP2003-400487 | 2003-11-28 | ||
JP2003400487A JP2005166313A (ja) | 2003-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
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EP (1) | EP1689018A1 (ja) |
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AU (1) | AU2004310584C1 (ja) |
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TWI537235B (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-06-11 | 國巨股份有限公司 | 含鈦化合物核殼粉末及其製作方法,及含鈦化合物的燒結體 |
JP7120745B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2022-08-17 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 光波長変換装置及び光複合装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20060289057A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
AU2004310584A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
AU2004310584B2 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
JP2005166313A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
BRPI0415979A (pt) | 2007-01-23 |
CN1860640A (zh) | 2006-11-08 |
EP1689018A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
AU2004310584C1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
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