WO2004109808A1 - 半導体装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004109808A1 WO2004109808A1 PCT/JP2003/007168 JP0307168W WO2004109808A1 WO 2004109808 A1 WO2004109808 A1 WO 2004109808A1 JP 0307168 W JP0307168 W JP 0307168W WO 2004109808 A1 WO2004109808 A1 WO 2004109808A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 356
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0684—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape, relative sizes or dispositions of the semiconductor regions or junctions between the regions
- H01L29/0692—Surface layout
- H01L29/0696—Surface layout of cellular field-effect devices, e.g. multicellular DMOS transistors or IGBTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0603—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by particular constructional design considerations, e.g. for preventing surface leakage, for controlling electric field concentration or for internal isolations regions
- H01L29/0642—Isolation within the component, i.e. internal isolation
- H01L29/0649—Dielectric regions, e.g. SiO2 regions, air gaps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/08—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
- H01L29/083—Anode or cathode regions of thyristors or gated bipolar-mode devices
- H01L29/0834—Anode regions of thyristors or gated bipolar-mode devices, e.g. supplementary regions surrounding anode regions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7396—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions
- H01L29/7397—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions and a gate structure lying on a slanted or vertical surface or formed in a groove, e.g. trench gate IGBT
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a semiconductor device in which a main current flows in a thickness direction of a semiconductor substrate.
- an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor: insulated gate bipolar transistor) element is connected in anti-parallel to the IGBT element.
- a configuration has been proposed in which a diode element is formed adjacent to the diode element.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-197715 discloses that a gate electrode structure is formed on a first main surface side of a semiconductor substrate, and a ⁇ -type impurity region is formed in the surface of the second main surface. And ⁇ -type impurity regions are formed alternately adjacent to each other, the ⁇ -type impurity region and the gate electrode structure constitute an IGB ⁇ region, and the ⁇ -type impurity region and the gate electrode structure constitute a diode region. Is disclosed.
- An embodiment of a semiconductor device includes: a first main electrode provided on a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate; a second main electrode provided on a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate; A semiconductor device including at least one trench-type gate electrode provided in a surface of a first main surface, wherein a main current flows in a thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate includes: At least one trench isolation structure provided in the surface of the main surface; a first impurity region of the first conductivity type provided in the surface of the second main surface; And a second impurity region of a second conductivity type, wherein the at least one trench isolation structure includes an insulator or the semiconductor go plate in a trench provided in a surface of the second main surface. Is formed by embedding a semiconductor of the opposite conductivity type, and is provided so as to separate the first impurity region and the second impurity region.
- the first impurity region is used as a drain region of a MOSFET element and a cathode region of a diode element
- the second impurity region is used as a collector region of an IGBT element.
- the presence of at least one trench isolation structure increases the resistance of the current path flowing during the operation of the IGBT element, and can reduce the current flowing during the modulation in the current path, so that snapback can be suppressed.
- snapback can be suppressed without reducing the area of the effective region occupying the second main surface (the sum of the areas of the first impurity region and the second impurity region). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the on-voltage during the operation of the IGBT element, the forward voltage Vf during the operation of the diode element, and the local current density during each operation from increasing.
- An embodiment of a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: a first main electrode provided on a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate; and a second main electrode provided on a second main surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- At least one trench isolation structure allows, for example, an impurity region functioning as a drain region of a MOSFET element and a cathode region of a diode element, and a collector of the IGBT element.
- an impurity region functioning as a drain region of a MOSFET element and a cathode region of a diode element, and a collector of the IGBT element.
- the resistance of the current path flowing during operation of the IGBT element increases due to the presence of at least one trench isolation structure, and the current flowing during the modulation in the current path is reduced.
- snapback can be suppressed.
- snapback can be suppressed without reducing the area of the effective region occupying the second main surface (the sum of the areas of the impurity regions). This prevents the on-voltage and the forward voltage Vf during operation of the diode element from increasing and the local current density during each operation from increasing.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a conductor device for explaining the history of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit for explaining the operation of the conductor device for explaining the background of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operating characteristics of the conductor device for explaining the background of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of an embodiment of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a configuration of a semiconductor substrate used in the semiconductor device according to the present invention in a wafer state.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit for explaining the operation of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the operation characteristics of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a modification of the embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of a semiconductor device 90 devised to solve the problems of the conventional semiconductor device.
- a P-type semiconductor region 9 is formed over the entire surface of the first main surface MS1 of the semiconductor substrate 901, which is an N-type substrate (N) having a high specific resistance. 0 2 is formed.
- two trenches 903 are provided from the surface of the first main surface MS1 to penetrate the P-type semiconductor region 92 and reach the inside of the semiconductor substrate 901, and the inner wall surface of the trench 903 is a gate. It is covered with the insulating film 904.
- the gate insulating film 904 Therefore, a conductive material is buried in a region inside the enclosed trench 903 to form a trench type gate electrode 905.
- a relatively high concentration (N +) N-type semiconductor region 9 selectively formed so as to at least partially contact the gate insulating film 904 is formed. 0 6 is provided.
- the N-type semiconductor regions 906 are provided on both sides of each of the two trenches 903, but the relatively high concentration ( P + ) P-type semiconductor region 907 is provided. Note that the P-type semiconductor region 907 is a structure for obtaining good electrical contact with the P-type semiconductor region 902.
- a first main electrode 908 is provided so as to be in contact with upper portions of the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the P-type semiconductor region 907 adjacent to each other.
- the first main electrode 908 is an electrode for applying a potential to the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the P-type semiconductor region 907 from the external terminal ET. Note that the first main electrode 908 may function as an emitter electrode or may function as an anode electrode or a source electrode depending on the operation of the semiconductor device 90. In addition, a control voltage is applied to trench type gate electrode 905 from external terminal GT.
- the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are connected to each other. It has been. Further, a second main electrode 916 is provided so as to be in common contact with P-type semiconductor region 912 and N-type semiconductor region 913.
- the configuration is made to improve the electrical characteristics.
- the second main electrode 916 is an electrode for applying a potential to the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 from the external terminal CT. Note that the second main electrode 916 may function as a collector electrode or may function as a force source electrode or a drain electrode in some cases.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the function of the semiconductor device 90 as an equivalent circuit.
- the semiconductor device 90 functions as an IGBT element and a diode element connected in anti-parallel to the IGBT element. Is shown.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics of the semiconductor device 90.
- the current path (1) is a path when operating as a so-called MOSFET element
- the current path (2) is a path when operating as a so-called IGBT element.
- the semiconductor device 90 operates as a diode when the ground potential is applied to the external terminal ET, the negative potential is applied to the external terminal CT, and the off signal is applied to the external terminal GT.
- a current flows through the path in the semiconductor substrate 901 having R 3 to the N-type semiconductor region 913.
- the resistance value of the resistor R1 between the N-type semiconductor region 913 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 is equal to that of the P-type semiconductor region 912. Is very small when is approaching.
- FIG. 3 conceptually shows the current-voltage characteristics of the semiconductor device 90. That is, in Fig. 3, the horizontal axis shows the voltage value, and the vertical axis shows the current value. The four types of current-voltage characteristics, C and characteristic D, are shown.
- Characteristic A is a characteristic indicating a relationship between a current flowing through the external terminal CT and a potential difference between the external terminal CT and the point X when the N-type semiconductor region 913 is not connected to the external terminal CT but is opened. .
- Characteristic B is a characteristic that indicates the relationship between the current flowing through the external terminal CT when the P-type semiconductor region 912 is not connected to the external terminal CT and is in an open state, and the potential difference between the external terminal CT and the point X. is there.
- Characteristic C is a characteristic indicating the relationship between the current flowing through the external terminal CT when the N-type semiconductor region 913 is not connected to the external terminal CT and the potential difference between the external terminal CT and the external terminal ET when the external terminal CT is opened. It is.
- Characteristic D is a characteristic showing the relationship between the current flowing through the external terminal CT when the P-type semiconductor region 912 is not connected to the external terminal CT and the potential difference between the external terminal CT and the external terminal ET when the external terminal CT is opened. It is.
- the characteristic B shows a straight line having a slope of l / R1
- the characteristic A shows a characteristic that almost no current flows until the potential difference between the external terminal CT and the point X becomes about 0.6 V.
- the voltage at which the IGBT element operates and the current flows is defined as the modulation voltage Vmod.
- Figure 3 shows the characteristic E, where the current sharply increases as the voltage decreases, with the Z point in the characteristic D as a turning point, and this characteristic corresponds to the snapback phenomenon.
- the negative resistance region where the snapback phenomenon is observed is called a snapback region.
- the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are in contact with each other. If they are close, a snapback phenomenon occurs. Therefore, by further increasing the distance between the N-type semiconductor region 913 and the P-type semiconductor region 912, the area of the effective region occupying the second main surface MS2 (P-type semiconductor region 912 and N-type The sum of the area of the semiconductor regions 913) decreases, and the characteristics A and C slightly shift to the higher voltage side (to the right in FIG. 3).
- the resistance value of the resistor 1 increases, and the slope of the characteristic B becomes gentle. If the area between the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 is increased, but the area of the semiconductor chip is not increased, the area of the N-type semiconductor region 912 necessarily decreases. However, since the area ratio of the N-type semiconductor region 912 to the semiconductor chip becomes smaller, the slope of the characteristic D becomes slightly smaller.
- the area of the effective region occupying the second main surface MS2 is reduced.
- the on-voltage during operation of the device or the forward voltage Vf during operation of the diode device increases, and the local current density during operation of each increases.
- snapback can be suppressed by making the area of the N-type semiconductor region 913 smaller than that of the P-type semiconductor region 912, and the area of the N-type semiconductor region 913 can be reduced. If it is extremely small compared to 9 12, it is possible to prevent snapback from being observed.However, by reducing the area of the N-type semiconductor region 9 13, the order in which the diode element operates can be reduced. If the directional voltage V f becomes high or the current density becomes very large, the diode element may be damaged.
- the inventors have arrived at a technical idea of providing a trench in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 91 between the N-type semiconductor region 913 and the P-type semiconductor region 912.
- the configuration and operation of a semiconductor device 100 obtained based on the above technical idea will be described.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of the semiconductor device 100.
- a P-type semiconductor region 9 is formed over the entire surface of the first main surface MS1 of the semiconductor substrate 901, which is an N-type substrate (N) having a high specific resistance. 0 2 is formed.
- the N-type semiconductor substrate 91 has a different specific resistance and a different distance L between the bottom of the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the bottom of the trench 903 depending on the breakdown voltage class.
- the specific resistance is set to 40 to 60 ⁇ cm, and the distance L is set to about 100 to 20 O ⁇ m. If the pressure resistance class is lower than that, the specific resistance becomes lower and the distance L Becomes shorter.
- two trenches 903 are provided from the surface of the first main surface MS1 to penetrate the P-type semiconductor region 902 and reach the inside of the semiconductor substrate 901.
- the inner wall surface of the trench 903 is a gate. It is covered by the insulating film 904. Further, a conductive material is buried in a region inside the trench 903 surrounded by the gate insulating film 904 and the trench 903 is formed.
- the mold gate 905 is formed.
- the P-type semiconductor region 902 becomes a body region including a channel region. Impurity concentration and depth are set based on threshold voltage
- the impurity concentration and the diffusion depth are determined by ion implantation conditions and thermal diffusion conditions.
- the impurity concentration is usually set to 1 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 in a region in contact with the source electrode of the MOSFET or the emitter electrode of the IGBT, and the diffusion depth The depth is set at a depth of several / zm so as not to exceed the trench 903.
- the trench 903 is provided by etching at a pitch of 2 to 10 / m, has a width of 0.5 to 3.0 zm, and a depth of 3 to 20 m.
- the gate insulating film 904 provided on the inner wall surface of the trench 903 is an insulating film constituting a MOSFET, and is set to have an optimum thickness based on a gate drive voltage, a saturation current, a capacity, and the like. Generally, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 10 to 200 nm is used and is formed by thermal oxidation or deposition.
- the trench type gate electrode 905 embedded in the trench 903 is made of a polycrystalline silicon film having a high impurity concentration, a high melting point metal material such as tungsten silicide, or a multilayer film thereof.
- a conductive film having a thickness equal to or more than half the width of the trench 903 is deposited on the first main surface MS1 and then planarized by anisotropic etching or the like. After forming a pattern mask, a conductive film may be deposited and etched.
- the optimum concentration of the P-type semiconductor region 902 changes depending on the work function value of the material of the trench-type gate electrode 905, and in an extreme case, an N-type semiconductor region is provided along the side surface of the trench 903 to make contact with the gate insulating film.
- N-type semiconductor region 906 selectively formed so as to at least partially contact the gate insulating film 904 is provided in the surface of the P-type semiconductor region 902. I have.
- N-type semiconductor region 906 is that of two trenches 903 Although it is provided on both sides, a relatively high concentration (P + ) P-type semiconductor region 907 is provided between the N-type semiconductor regions 906 facing each other between the trenches. .
- P-type semiconductor region 907 is a structure for obtaining a good electrical contact with the P-type semiconductor region 902.
- Each of the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the P-type semiconductor region 907 is formed by patterning by photolithography and ion implantation, and the surface concentration is set to, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 2 Q atoms / cm 3 or more. You.
- a first main electrode 908 is provided so as to be in contact with upper portions of the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the P-type semiconductor region 907 adjacent to each other.
- the first main electrode 908 is an electrode for applying a potential to the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the P-type semiconductor region 907 from the external terminal ET. Note that the first main electrode 908 may function as an emitter electrode or may function as an anode electrode or a source electrode depending on the operation of the semiconductor device 90. In addition, a control voltage is applied to trench type gate electrode 905 from external terminal GT.
- the first main electrode 908 is formed by selectively etching an interlayer insulating film (not shown) formed so as to cover the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the P-type semiconductor region 907 by photolithography and etching.
- An opening is formed by depositing a conductive film made of, for example, a compound of aluminum and silicon. .
- a protection film (not shown) is formed on the first main electrode 908, and is connected to an external power supply through an opening provided in a predetermined portion of the protection film.
- a P-type semiconductor region 912 and an N-type semiconductor region 913 formed alternately at intervals are provided in the surface of the second main surface MS 2 of the semiconductor substrate 9.01.
- a trench isolation structure 911 formed by embedding an insulator 914 in the trench is provided in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 91 between them.
- the impurity concentration of each of the P-type collector region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 is 1 ⁇ 10 ”atoms / cm 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ toms / cm 3.
- the concentration may be outside the above range, and annealing may not be performed.
- a second main electrode 916 is provided so as to be in common contact with P-type semiconductor region 912 and N-type semiconductor region 913.
- the trench isolation structure 911 is provided in the second main surface such that the exposed surface is flush with the exposed surfaces of the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913.
- the second main electrode 916 is disposed so as to cover the trench isolation structure 911 as well.
- the second main electrode 916 is an electrode for applying a potential to the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 from the external terminal CT. Note that the second main electrode 916 may function as a collector electrode or may function as a cathode electrode or a drain electrode in some cases.
- the depth of the trench isolation structure 911 depends on the specific resistance of the semiconductor substrate 901, the impurity concentration of the N-type semiconductor region 913 and the impurity concentration of the P-type semiconductor region 912, the area ratio between the two, the trench isolation structure 9
- the value is set to an optimized value based on the material and throughput of the insulator 914 constituting 11 and is formed by anisotropic etching or the like.
- the width of the trench isolation structure 911 can be set arbitrarily, for example, a width of 0.2 ⁇ m; L 0 / m, and an arrangement interval of 0.5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ . Set to m.
- the insulator 914 constituting the trench isolation structure 911 has a polarity opposite to that of the charge in the semiconductor substrate 901, and all the trench isolation structures 911 have the opposite polarity.
- the material and the material are set so that the total charge amount is substantially equal to the charge amount in the semiconductor substrate 91 in a region from the second main surface MS2 of the semiconductor substrate 91 to the bottom surface of the trench isolation structure 911.
- the dimensions are set.
- the N-type impurity concentration of the semiconductor substrate 91 is n (atoms / cm 3 ), the width of the trench isolation structure 91 1 is W, the depth is t, the depth is x, and the trench isolation structure is If the distance between the center lines of 9 11 1 (trench arrangement pitch) is P, and the elementary quantity is q, qn is within the region of the semiconductor substrate 9 0 1 sandwiched between the two trench isolation structures 9 1 1 ⁇ Since (P-W) tx negative charges are present, the material of the insulator 9 14 is set so that the same amount of positive charges as the above negative charges exists inside one trench isolation structure 9 11 Set. More specifically, an insulator having a fixed charge density of n ⁇ (P ⁇ W) / W is used.
- the withstand voltage can be stably increased by the RESURF effect, and the thickness of the semiconductor substrate 91 can be reduced. Also, Since the concentration of the semiconductor substrate 91 can be increased, the on-voltage of the IGBT element and the forward voltage V f of the diode element can be reduced, and the energy loss can be reduced.
- the semiconductor device 100 when the semiconductor device 100 operates as an IGBT element, the first main electrode 908 becomes an emitter electrode, the second main electrode 916 becomes a collector electrode, and the first main surface MS 1
- the N-type semiconductor region 906 formed at this time becomes an emitter region
- the P-type semiconductor region 9 • 2 becomes a body region including a channel region
- the P-type semiconductor region 907 becomes a body contact region.
- the first main electrode 908 becomes an anode electrode
- the second main electrode 916 becomes a cathode electrode
- the semiconductor region 902 is an anode region
- the P-type semiconductor region 907 is an anode contact region
- the N-type semiconductor region 913 provided on the second main surface MS2 side is a cathode region.
- the first main electrode 908 serves as a source electrode
- the second main electrode 916 serves as a drain electrode
- the N-type semiconductor region 906 serves as a source region
- a P-type The semiconductor region 902 becomes a body region including a channel region
- the P-type semiconductor region 907 becomes a body contact region
- the N-type semiconductor region 913 becomes a drain region.
- FIGS. 5, 8 to 11 are plan views of the semiconductor device 100 as viewed from the second main surface MS2 side in a state of a semiconductor chip.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a plurality of loop-shaped trench isolation structures 911 each having a rectangular contour are arranged in parallel with an interval therebetween, and the region surrounded by the loop-shaped trench isolation structures 911 is illustrated in FIG.
- An N-type semiconductor region 913 is provided, and a P-type semiconductor region 912 is provided so as to surround the trench isolation structure 911.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show examples of the planar shape of the trench 903 when viewed from the first main surface MS1 side.
- FIG. No. 03 are arranged in parallel in the surface of the P-type semiconductor region 902 at an interval, and the arrangement direction coincides with the arrangement direction of the trench isolation structure 911.
- a plurality of stripe-shaped trenches 903 are arranged in parallel at intervals in the surface of the P-type semiconductor region 902, but in the arrangement direction. Has an angle of 90 degrees with the arrangement direction of the trench isolation structures 911. 6 and 7, the N-type semiconductor region 906 and the like are omitted for convenience.
- the trenches 93 so that the arrangement direction of the trenches 93 and the arrangement direction of the trench isolation structures 911 form 90 degrees, there is an advantage that the current distribution can be made uniform.
- FIG. 9 Shows an example in which a plurality of trench-shaped trench isolation structures 9 11 having a rectangular outline are arranged at intervals so as to be concentric, and the loop of the central trench isolation structure 9 11 1 is the smallest. It is configured such that the loop of the trench isolation structure 911 increases toward the outside.
- a P-type semiconductor region 912 is provided in a region surrounded by the central trench isolation structure 911, and an N-type semiconductor region 913 is provided so as to surround the central trench isolation structure 911. ing. Thereafter, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, similarly, P
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which a plurality of stripe-shaped trench isolation structures 911 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and a P-type semiconductor region 9 is provided between the plurality of trench isolation structures 911. 12 and N-type semiconductor regions 9 13 are alternately arranged, but the region in which P-type semiconductor regions 9 12 and N-type semiconductor regions 9 13 are alternately arranged has a trench isolation structure. Only at the center of the array of 911, both ends of the trench isolation structure 911 are provided in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 911 having a low impurity concentration, and the outer peripheral region of the semiconductor chip is provided. Is provided with a P-type semiconductor region 912.
- Figure 10 shows that a plurality of loop-shaped trench isolation structures 911 (small loops) with a rectangular outline are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the outline is rectangular so as to surround the outer periphery of this array.
- An example is shown in which a larger loop-shaped trench isolation structure 911 (large loop) is arranged, and an N-type semiconductor region 913 is arranged in a region surrounded by the trench isolation structure 911 forming a small loop.
- a P-type semiconductor region 912 is provided so as to surround the trench isolation structure 911 forming a small loop.
- An N-type semiconductor region 913 is provided so as to surround the H-separation structure 911.
- FIG. 11 shows an example in which a plurality of stripe-shaped trench isolation structures 911 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and a P-type semiconductor is provided between the plurality of trench isolation structures 911. Regions 9 12 and N-type semiconductor regions 9 13 are alternately arranged.
- the trench isolation structure 911 is disposed so as to extend to the edge of the semiconductor chip, and the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are formed by the trench isolation structure 911 And the chip wedge.
- FIG. 12 shows a plan configuration of a semiconductor wafer for obtaining the semiconductor chips as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 12 shows a state in which a plurality of stripe-shaped trench isolation structures 911 are provided in the semiconductor wafer WF.
- the semiconductor wafer WF is divided into a plurality of pieces. It can be divided into semiconductor chips.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing the function of the semiconductor device 100 as an equivalent circuit.
- the device 100 is shown to function as an IGBT element and a diode element connected in anti-parallel to the IGBT element.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics of the semiconductor device 100.
- a channel formed in the P-type semiconductor region 902 which is in contact with the path in the semiconductor substrate 901 and the gate insulating film 904 having the resistances R 11, R 1, and R 12 from 9 13 A current path (1) reaching the N-type semiconductor region 906 through the P-type semiconductor region 912, and a path and a gate in the semiconductor substrate 901 having the resistances R13 and R12 from the P-type semiconductor region 912.
- a current path (2) is formed to reach the N-type semiconductor region 906 through a channel region formed in the P-type semiconductor region 902 in contact with the insulating film 904. It is.
- the current path (1) passes through when operating as a so-called MOSFET element.
- the current path (2) is a path for operation as a so-called IGBT element.
- the semiconductor substrate 901 When a ground potential is applied to the external terminal ET, a negative potential is applied to the external terminal CT, and an off signal is applied to the external terminal GT, the semiconductor substrate 901 operates as a diode element and has a resistor R14. A current path (3) reaching the N-type semiconductor region 913 through the internal path is formed.
- the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor By separating the region 913 from the region 913 by the trench isolation structure 911, a resistor R13 is provided between the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the point X1, and the N-type semiconductor region 913 and the X There will be resistors R 11 and R 1 between the two points, increasing the resistance between the external terminals CT and X 1 and reducing the potential difference between the external terminals CT and XI. It can be easily enlarged. Note that the resistance value of the resistor R1 is as small as that of the semiconductor device 90 shown in FIG. 2, but the resistance value of the resistor R11 is sufficiently larger than that of the resistor R1.
- the resistors R12 and R13 in the semiconductor substrate 901 are modulated when the semiconductor layer 100 operates as an IGBT element, and the resistor R14 is modulated when the semiconductor layer 100 operates as a diode element.
- the resistance value decreases as the voltage increases, so the variable resistance symbol was used. However, when operating as a MOSFET element, the resistance value is almost constant. .
- FIG. 14 conceptually shows the current-voltage characteristics of the semiconductor device 100. That is, in FIG. 14, the horizontal axis represents the voltage value, the vertical axis represents the current value, and the four types of current-voltage characteristics of characteristic Al, characteristic B1, characteristic C1, and characteristic D1 are shown. For comparison, the characteristics A, B, C and D shown in Fig. 3 are also shown.
- the characteristic A1 indicates the relationship between the current flowing through the external terminal CT and the potential difference between the external terminal CT and the point X1 when the N-type semiconductor region 913 is not connected to the external terminal CT but is opened. It is a characteristic.
- Characteristic B1 indicates that the current flowing through the external terminal CT when the P-type semiconductor region 912 is not connected to the external terminal CT and is in the open state, and the potential between the external terminal CT and the X1 point. This is a characteristic showing the relationship between the differences.
- the characteristic C1 indicates the relationship between the current flowing through the external terminal CT and the potential difference between the external terminal CT and the external terminal ET when the N-type semiconductor region 913 is not connected to the external terminal CT but is opened. It is a characteristic.
- the characteristic D1 is a characteristic indicating a relationship between a current flowing through the external terminal CT and a potential difference between the external terminal CT and the external terminal ET when the P-type semiconductor region 912 is not connected to the external terminal CT but is opened. It is.
- the characteristic A 'does not connect the N-type semiconductor region 9 13 to the external terminal CT, a relationship between the current voltage at the X 5 points in the case of the oven down state.
- the characteristics C 1 and D 1 are different from each other. It is the same as characteristics C and D shown in FIG.
- id is the operating current of the MOS FET element, that is, the current flowing through the current path (1), and particularly indicates the current value at the point Z.
- the current ic is the operating current of the IGBT element, that is, the current flowing through the current path (2), and is zero at the point Z.
- the area of the effective region occupying the second main surface MS2 (the area of the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913) can be suppressed.
- the on-voltage during operation of the IGBT element and the forward voltage Vf during operation of the diode element increase. High local current densities during each operation are prevented.
- the configuration of the first main surface MS1 side is formed through a manufacturing process similar to that of a conventionally known general IGBT or MOSFET, and a description of the known technology will be omitted.
- 15 to 18 are cross-sectional views sequentially showing the manufacturing process for obtaining the structure on the second main surface MS2 side.
- the configuration of the layer below the first main electrode 908 has already been formed on the first main surface MS1 side.
- a trench TR is formed in the second main surface MS2 of the 901 by photolithography and anisotropic etching.
- the thickness T of the semiconductor substrate 901 is such that the semiconductor wafer is hardly cracked or chipped in the process of manufacturing the semiconductor device, and does not require a special depth of focus adjustment in an exposure apparatus or the like in the photolithography process.
- the thickness is set to about the same. For example, taking a 6-inch semiconductor wafer as an example, it is set at 500 to 650 zm.
- the thickness S from the bottom of the trench TR to the first main surface MS 1 is determined in consideration of the reduction in on-resistance and the withstand voltage. For example, assuming a semiconductor device with a withstand voltage of 600 V, Set to 60 zm.
- the width of the trench TR divided by the arrangement interval can be set arbitrarily. Set to ⁇ 500 ⁇ m.
- an insulating film ZL having a thickness equal to or larger than the width of the trench TR is deposited on the entire surface of the second main surface MS2 by a CVD method or the like to thereby insulate the trench TR.
- Embed membrane ZL is deposited on the entire surface of the second main surface MS2 by a CVD method or the like to thereby insulate the trench TR.
- an etch back is performed by anisotropic etching or the like, and the insulating film ZL on the surface of the first main surface MS 1 is removed to form a trench isolation formed by the insulator 914. Obtain structure 91 1.
- the second main surface MS2 side may be polished by a polishing technique such as anisotropic etching or CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) to obtain a desired substrate thickness.
- a polishing technique such as anisotropic etching or CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) to obtain a desired substrate thickness.
- the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are formed before the trench isolation structure 911 is formed, and the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are formed.
- a trench isolation structure 911 is formed at the boundary between the P-type semiconductor regions 912 and N-type semiconductors after the polishing described with reference to FIG. An area 9 13 is formed.
- a conductive material constituting the second main electrode 916 is deposited by a vapor deposition method or the like, whereby a structure on the second main surface MS2 side can be obtained.
- the structure on the second main surface MS2 side is formed after forming the structure on the first main surface MS1 side.However, the present invention is not limited to this. If there is no problem in forming the configuration of the first main surface MS1, the configuration of the second main surface MS2 is formed during the formation of the configuration of the first main surface MS1. May be.
- an annealing step is performed.
- the timing of forming the second main electrode 916 is not limited to the above. However, since the second main electrode 916 is formed of a multilayer metal film containing gold or silver, a wafer process is performed to prevent metal contamination. It is desirable to form in the final step.
- the semiconductor substrate 901 is formed of an N-type semiconductor substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate 901 is formed of an N-type semiconductor substrate.
- similar effects can be obtained even in the case of a P-type semiconductor substrate. No.
- the semiconductor device 100 has a configuration in which the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are commonly connected to the second main electrode 916, 16 was configured to cover the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913.
- the structure is simple, and no complicated wiring is required to connect to the external terminal CT.
- the second main electrode 916 a connected to the P-type semiconductor region 9 12 and the N-type semiconductor region 9 13 connected to the N-type semiconductor region 9 13 connected to the N-type semiconductor region 9 13
- the second main electrode 916b may be provided, and the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 may be connected to separate main electrodes.
- the second main electrode 916a is configured to be connected to the external terminal CT via the resistance element 915, so that the N-type semiconductor region 913 and the P-type semiconductor region 912
- the resistance in the semiconductor substrate 901 between the semiconductor device 100 and the semiconductor device 100 may be smaller than that of the semiconductor device 100, so that the depth of the trench isolation structure 911 can be reduced.
- a diode element and a transistor element may be connected to the second main electrode 916a as a current limiting element instead of the resistance element 915.
- the P-type semiconductor region 912 and the N-type semiconductor region 913 are configured to be connected to separate main electrodes, so that various configurations can be adopted. Become.
- the N-type semiconductor region 913 By selecting the material of the second main electrode 916 so that the contact resistance to the P-type semiconductor region 912 becomes higher than the contact resistance to the P-type semiconductor region 912, the semiconductor device 10OA shown in FIG. Similar effects can be obtained.
- a metal having a large work function such as gold, silver, and platinum is used as the second main electrode 916.
- the trench isolation structure 911 is configured by burying an insulator in the trench, but has a conductivity type opposite to that of the semiconductor substrate 901, and is substantially equal to the semiconductor substrate 91.
- a high resistance semiconductor having an impurity concentration (for example, an impurity concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 14 atoms / cm ⁇ specific resistance of 50 to 60 ohms in a device with a withstand voltage of 1200 V) may be embedded.
- the trench isolation structure 911 When the trench isolation structure 911 is made of a high-resistance semiconductor, an insulating film may be formed between the high-resistance semiconductor, the N-type semiconductor region 913, and the P-type semiconductor region 912, The insulating film may or may not be present at the bottom of the trench isolation structure 911.
- the trench isolation structure 911 may be configured with only the trench without embedding an insulator or a high-resistance semiconductor material in the trench TR.
- the application of the present invention is not limited to IGBT elements and diode elements, but can also be applied to thyristor elements.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03736055.9A EP1630872B1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | Semiconductor device and its manufacturing method |
US10/515,346 US7504707B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2004570612A JP4456006B2 (ja) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
PCT/JP2003/007168 WO2004109808A1 (ja) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
CNB038169657A CN100573910C (zh) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | 半导体器件及其制造方法 |
TW092121794A TWI257686B (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-08-08 | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
US12/271,544 US7629226B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2008-11-14 | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
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PCT/JP2003/007168 WO2004109808A1 (ja) | 2003-06-05 | 2003-06-05 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
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US10515346 A-371-Of-International | 2003-06-05 | ||
US12/271,544 Division US7629226B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2008-11-14 | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
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US (2) | US7504707B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1630872B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4456006B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100573910C (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI257686B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004109808A1 (ja) |
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US8686467B2 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2014-04-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor device comprising semiconductor substrate and having diode region and IGBT region |
JP2015207588A (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-19 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
US10062760B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2018-08-28 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
US10784349B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2020-09-22 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
JP2021052208A (ja) * | 2017-06-09 | 2021-04-01 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP7078099B2 (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2022-05-31 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1630872A4 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1630872A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
JPWO2004109808A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
CN1669151A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
US20090068815A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
US7504707B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
EP1630872B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
TW200428575A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
TWI257686B (en) | 2006-07-01 |
US7629226B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 |
JP4456006B2 (ja) | 2010-04-28 |
CN100573910C (zh) | 2009-12-23 |
US20050212057A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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