WO2002098443A2 - Stabilisierte mrna mit erhöhtem g/ c- gehalt und otimierter codon usage für die gentherapie - Google Patents
Stabilisierte mrna mit erhöhtem g/ c- gehalt und otimierter codon usage für die gentherapie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002098443A2 WO2002098443A2 PCT/EP2002/006180 EP0206180W WO02098443A2 WO 2002098443 A2 WO2002098443 A2 WO 2002098443A2 EP 0206180 W EP0206180 W EP 0206180W WO 02098443 A2 WO02098443 A2 WO 02098443A2
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Definitions
- composition containing a stabilized and optimized for translation in its coding areas mRNA
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing an mRNA which is stabilized by sequence modifications in the translated area and is optimized for translation.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is particularly suitable as a vaccine and as a therapeutic agent for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, a method for determining sequence modifications which serve for the stabilization and translation optimization of mRNA is disclosed.
- Gene therapy and genetic vaccination are molecular medical processes, the use of which in the therapy and prevention of diseases will have a significant impact on medical practice. Both methods are based on the introduction of nucleic acids into cells or in the patient's tissue and on the subsequent processing the information encoded by the introduced nucleic acids, ie expression of the desired polypeptides.
- DNA viruses as DNA vehicles.
- Viruses of this type have the advantage that, due to their infectious properties, a very high transfection rate can be achieved.
- the viruses used are genetically modified so that no functional infectious particles are formed in the transfected cell. Despite this precautionary measure, a certain risk of the uncontrolled spread of the introduced gene therapy and viral genes cannot be excluded due to possible recombination events.
- the DNA introduced into the cell is integrated to a certain extent into the genome of the transfected cell.
- this phenomenon can have a desired effect, since it can have a long-lasting effect on the DNA introduced.
- integration into the genome poses a significant risk of gene therapy.
- the inserted DNA can be inserted into an intact gene, which is a mutation that hinders the function of the endogenous gene or even completely switches it off.
- Such integration events can on the one hand switch off vital enzyme systems for the cell, and on the other hand there is also the risk of the cell thus changed being transformed into a degenerate state if the integration of the foreign DNA changes a gene that is crucial for the regulation of cell growth.
- DNA viruses as gene therapeutics and vaccines.
- the corresponding DNA vehicles contain a strong promoter, for example the viral CMV promoter.
- the integration of such promoters into the genome of the treated cell can lead to undesirable changes in the regulation of gene expression in the cell.
- Another disadvantage of using DNA as a gene therapeutic and vaccine is the induction of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies in the patient, causing a potentially fatal immune response.
- RNA does not pose the risk of being stably integrated into the genome of the transfected cell.
- no viral sequences, such as promoters, are required for effective transcription.
- RNA is broken down much more easily in vivo. Probably due to the relatively short half-life of RNA in the bloodstream compared to DNA, no anti-RNA antibodies have so far been detected. For this reason, RNA can be regarded as the molecule of choice for molecular medical therapy procedures.
- RNA-degrading enzymes so-called RNAases (ribonucleases) are responsible for the instability. Even the smallest contaminants from ribonucleases are sufficient to completely break down RNA in solution.
- RNAases ribonucleases
- the natural breakdown of mRNA in the cytoplasm of cells is very finely regulated.
- the terminal structure is of crucial importance. At the 5 'end is the so-called''cap structure "(a modified guanosine nucleotide) and at the 3 end there is a sequence of up to 200 adenosine nucleotides (the so-called poly A tail). About these structures The RNA is recognized as mRNA and the degradation is regulated.
- EP-A-1083232 proposes a method for introducing RNA, in particular mRNA, into cells and organisms in order to solve the above-mentioned problem of histability of RNA ex vivo, in which the RNA is in the form of a complex with a cationic peptide or protein ,
- WO 99/14346 describes further methods for stabilizing mRNA.
- modifications of the mRNA are proposed which stabilize the mRNA species against the degradation of RNases.
- modifications relate on the one hand to stabilization by means of sequence modifications, in particular a reduction in the C and / or U content by base elimination or base substitution.
- chemical modifications in particular the use of nucleotide analogs, and 5'- and 3'-blocking groups, an increased length of the poly-A tail and the complexation of the mRNA with stabilizing agents and combinations of the measures mentioned are proposed.
- mice immunized with the synthetic DNA construct Furthermore, an increased antibody formation against the g g protein was observed in mice in mice immunized with the synthetic DNA construct and also an increased cytokine release in vitro in transfected spleen cells of mice. Finally, an induction of a cytotoxic immune response could be found in mice immunized with the g ⁇ g expression plasmid.
- the authors of this article attribute the improved properties of their DNA vaccine essentially to a change in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of the mRNA expressed by the DNA vaccine, which is caused by the optimized codon use. In contrast, the authors consider the impact of changed codon usage on translation efficiency to be low.
- a modified mRNA and at least one such modified mRNA in connection with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and / or vehicle-containing pharmaceutical composition are provided, the modified mRNA coding for at least one biologically active or antigenic peptide or polypeptide, the Sequence of the mRNA, in particular for the at least one Peptide or polypeptide coding region, compared to the wüdtyp-mRNA has the following modifications, which can either alternatively or in combination.
- the G / C content of the region of the modified mRNA coding for the peptide or polypeptide is greater than the G / C content of the coding region of the wild-type mRNA coding for the peptide or polypeptide, the encoded amino acid sequence being unchanged from the wild type is.
- This modification is based on the fact that the sequence sequence of the region of the mRNA to be translated is essential for an efficient translation of an mRNA.
- the composition and the sequence of the different nucleotides play an important role.
- sequences with an increased G (guanosine) / C (cytosine) content are more stable than sequences with an increased A (adenosine) / U (uracil) content.
- the codons are varied in this way, while maintaining the translated amino acid sequence, compared to the wild-type mRNA that they increasingly contain G / C nucleotides. Since several codons code for one and the same amino acid (degeneration of the genetic code), the codons which are most favorable for stability can be determined (alternative codon usage).
- N The case of amino acids which are coded by codons which contain only G or C nucleotides is not Modification of the codon required.
- the codons for Pro (CCC or CCG), Arg (CGC or CGG), Ala (GCC or GCG) and Gly (GGC or GGG) do not require any change since there is no A or U.
- codons which contain A and / or U nucleotides are changed by substituting other codons which code for the same amino acids but do not contain A and / or U. Examples are:
- the codons for Pro can be changed from CCU or CCA to CCC or CCG; the argon codons can be changed from CGU or CGA or AGA or AGG to CGC or CGG; the codons for Ala can be changed from GCU or GCA to GCC or GCG; the codons for Gly can be changed from GGU or GGA to GGC or GGG.
- the codons for Phe can be changed from UUU to UUC; the codons for Leu can be changed from UUA, CUU or CUA to CUC or CUG; the codons for Ser can be changed from UCU or UCA or AGU to UCC, UCG or AGC; the codon for Tyr can be changed from UAU to UAC; the stop codon UAA can be changed to UAG or UGA; the codon for Cys can be changed from UGU to UGC; the codon His can be changed from CAU to CAC; the codon for gin can be changed from CAA to CAG; the codons for Üe can be changed from AUU or AUA to AUC; the codons for Thr can be changed from ACU or ACA to ACC or ACG; the codon for Asn can be changed from AAU to AAC; the codon for Lys can be changed from AAA to AAG; the codons for Val can be changed from GUU or GUA to GUC or GUG; the codon for
- substitutions listed above can of course be used individually but also in all possible combinations to increase the G / C content of the modified mRNA compared to the original sequence. For example, everyone in the original (wüdtyp-) sequence occurring codons for Thr to ACC (or ACG) are changed. However, combinations of the above substitution possibilities are preferably used, for example:
- the G / C content of the region of the modified mRNA coding for the peptide or polypeptide is preferably at least 7% points, more preferably at least 15% points, particularly preferably at least 20% points compared to the G / C Content of the coded region of the wüdtyp-mRNA coding for the polypeptide increased.
- the further modification according to the invention of the mRNA contained in the pharmaceutical composition characterized in the present invention is based on the knowledge that the translation efficiency is also determined by a different frequency in the occurrence of tRNAs in cells. Therefore, if so-called "rare" codons are increasingly present in an RNA sequence, the corresponding mRNA is translated significantly more poorly than in the case when there are codons coding for relatively "frequent" tRNAs.
- the region coding for the peptide or polypeptide is changed in relation to the corresponding region of the wild-type mRNA in such a way that at least one codon of the wild-type sequence which is responsible for a the cell encodes relatively rare tRNA, exchanged for a codon which codes for a tRNA which is relatively common in the cell and which carries the same amino acid as the relatively rare tRNA.
- This modification modifies the RNA sequences in such a way that codons are inserted for which frequently occurring tRNAs are available.
- tRNAs occur relatively frequently in the cell and which, on the other hand, are relatively rare. see. e.g. Akashi, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2001, 11 (6): 660-666.
- all codons of the wüdtyp-sequence which code for a tRNA which is relatively rare in the cell can each be exchanged for a codon which codes for a tRNA which is relatively common in the cell and which carries the same amino acid as the relative one rare tRNA.
- This preferred embodiment provides a particularly efficiently translated and structured mRNA, for example for the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
- DSE destabilizing sequence elements
- Such destabilizing sequences are, for example, AU-rich sequences ("AURES") which occur in 3'-UTR sections of numerous unstable mRNA (Caput et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986, 83: 1670 to 1674 ).
- the RNA molecules contained in the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention are therefore preferably modified compared to the Wüd-type mRNA in such a way that they have no such destabilizing sequences.
- sequence motifs which are recognized by possible endonucleases, for example the sequence GAACAAG, which is contained in the 3 'UTR segment of the gene coding for the transferin receptor (Binder et al., EMBO J. 1994, 13: 1969 to 1980).
- sequence motifs are also preferably eliminated in the modified mRNA of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
- base substitutions are preferably introduced using a DNA template for the production of the modified mRNA with hooves by techniques of the usual targeted mutagenesis; Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2001.
- a corresponding DNA molecule is therefore transcribed in vitro to produce the mRNA.
- This DNA template has a suitable promoter, for example a T7 or SP6 promoter, for in vitro transcription, followed by the desired nucleotide sequence for the mRNA to be produced and a termination signal for in vitro transcription.
- the DNA molecule which forms the template of the RNA construct to be produced is produced by fermentative multiplication and subsequent isolation as part of a plasmid which can be replicated in bacteria.
- suitable plasmids may, for example, the plasmids pT7Ts (GenBank accession number U26404; Lai et al, Development, 1995, 121:.
- PGEM ® - row for example, pGEM ® -l (GenBank accession number X65300. ; by Promega) and pSP64 (GenBank accession number X65327); see. also Mezei and Storts, Purification of PCR Products, in: Griffin and Griffin (ed.), PCR Technology: Current Innovation, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001.
- the desired nucleotide sequence can thus be cloned into a suitable plasmid according to molecular biology methods known to a person skilled in the art using short synthetic DNA ougonucleotides which have short single-stranded transitions at the resulting interfaces or genes produced by chemical synthesis (cf. Maniatis et al ., see above).
- the DNA molecule is then cut out of the plasmid, in which it can present in a single or multiple copy, by digestion with restriction enducleases.
- the modified mRNA which is contained in the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, can also have a 5'-Ca ⁇ structure (a modified guano sin nucleotide).
- Examples of cap structures are m7G (5 ') ppp (5' (A, G (5 ') ⁇ p (5') A and G (5 ') ppp (5') G.
- the modified mRNA contains a polyA tail of at least 50 nuclotides, preferably at least 70 nuclotides, more preferably at least 100 nuclotides, particularly preferably at least 200 nuclotides.
- IRES infernal ribosomal entry side
- An IRES can thus act as the sole ribosome binding site, but it can also serve to provide an mRNA that has several Coded peptides or polypeptides which are to be translated independently of one another by the ribosomes ("multicistronic mRNA").
- IRES sequences which can be used according to the invention are those from picornaviruses (eg FMDV), pest viruses (CFFV), polioviruses (PV), encephalo -Myocarditis Viruses (ECMV), Foot and Mouth Disease Viruses (FMDV), Hepatitis C Viruses (HCV), Classic- Swine Fever Viruses (CSFV), Miirines Leukoma Virus (MLV), Simean-Hound Deficiency- Viruses (SIV) or cricket paralysis viruses (CrPV).
- picornaviruses eg FMDV
- CFFV pest viruses
- PV polioviruses
- ECMV encephalo -Myocarditis Viruses
- FMDV Foot and Mouth Disease Viruses
- HCV Hepatitis C Viruses
- CSFV Classic- Swine Fever Viruses
- MMV Miirines Leukoma Virus
- the modified mRNA in the 5 'and / or 3' untranslated regions has stabilization sequences which are capable of increasing the half-life of the mRNA in the cytosol.
- stabilization sequences can have a 100% sequence homology to naturally occurring sequences which occur in viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes, but can also be partially or completely synthetic in nature.
- busing sequences that can be used in the present invention can be called the non-translated sequences (UTR) of the ⁇ -globin gene, for example of Homo sapiens or Xenopus laevis.
- a stabilization sequence has the general formula (C / U) CCAN x CCC (U / A) Py x UC (C / U) CC, which is contained in the 3TJTR of the very stable mRNA which is necessary for ooGlobin, ⁇ - ( I) CoUagen, 15-lipoxygenase or encoded for tyrosine hydroxylase (cf. Holcik et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94: 2410 to 2414).
- stabilization sequences can be used individually or in combination with one another and also in combination with other stabilization sequences known to a person skilled in the art.
- the modified mRNA it is also preferred that it has at least one analog of naturally occurring nucleotides. This is based on the fact that the RNA-degrading enzymes occurring in the cells preferably recognize naturally occurring nucleotides as the substrate. The insertion of nucleotide analogs can therefore make RNA degradation more difficult, and the effect on the translation efficiency when inserting these analogs, in particular in the coding region of the mRNA, can have a positive or negative effect on the translation efficiency.
- nucleotide analogs which can be used according to the invention.
- the preparation of such analogs is known to a person skilled in the art, for example from US Patents 4,373,071, US 4,401,796, US 4,415,732, US 4,458,066, US 4,500,707, US 4,668,777, US 4,973,679, US 5,047,524, US 5,132,418, US 5,153,319, US 5,262,530 and 5,700,642.
- analogs can occur in non-translated and translated regions of the modified mRNA.
- the effective transfer of the modified mRNA into the cells to be treated or the organism to be treated can be improved in that the modified mRNA is associated with a cationic peptide or protein or is bound.
- the use of protamine as a polycationic, nucleic acid-binding protein is particularly effective.
- the use of other cationic peptides or proteins, such as poly-L-lysine or histones, is also possible. This procedure for stabilizing the modified mRNA is described in EP-A-1083232, the relevant offer content of which is fully included in the present invention.
- the modified mRNA codes for at least one biologically active peptide or polypeptide which is present in for example, the patient to be treated is not, only insufficiently or incorrectly groomed.
- polypeptides dystrophin encoded by the mRNA according to the invention are enzymes which are missing or defective in metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria, galactosemia, homocystinuria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, etc., enzymes , which are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine and GABA, in particular tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase, ⁇ -1-antitrypsin etc.
- metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria, galactosemia, homocystinuria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, etc.
- enzymes which are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine and GABA, in particular tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase, ⁇ -1-antitrypsin etc.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be used for the delivery of cell surface receptors and molecules which bind to such receptors bind, are used by coding the modified mRNA contained in the pharmaceutical composition for such a biologically active protein or peptide.
- a biologically active protein or peptide examples include, for example, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), growth hormones, insulin, interferons, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor (GM-CFS), erythropoietin (EPO), etc.
- TPA tissue plasminogen activator
- GM-CFS granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor
- EPO erythropoietin
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used, for example, for tissue regeneration.
- the coded, especially in the pharmaceutical composition Modified mRNA contained in the present invention preferably for growth factors from the TGF- ⁇ family, in particular EGF, FGF, PDGF, BMP, GDNF, BDNF, GDF and neurotrophic factors such as NGF, neutrophins etc. to be mentioned.
- Another area of application of the present invention is vaccination, i.e. the use of the modified mRNA for vaccination or the use of the pharmaceutical composition as a vaccine or the use of the modified mRNA for the production of the pharmaceutical composition for vaccination.
- the vaccination is based on the introduction of an antigen, in the present case the genetic information for the antigen in the form of the modified mRNA coding for the antigen, into the organism, in particular into the cell.
- the modified mRNA contained in the pharmaceutical composition is translated into the antigen, i.e. the polypeptide or antigenic peptide encoded by the modified mRNA is expressed, thereby stimulating an immune response directed against this polypeptide or antigenic peptide.
- vaccinated against a pathological germ i.e.
- a surface antigen of such a germ is used for vaccination with the aid of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, containing the modified mRNA coding for the surface antigen, if used as a genetic vaccine for the treatment of cancer Immune response achieved by introducing the genetic information for tumor antigens, in particular proteins, which are expressed exclusively on cancer cells, by administering a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention which contains an mRNA coding for such a cancer antigen. This expresses the cancer antigen (s) in the organism, causing an immune response that is effective against the cancer cells.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is used, in particular, for the treatment of cancer (the modified mRNA coding for a tumor-specific surface antigen (TSSA)), for example for the treatment of malignant melanoma, colon carcinoma, lymphoma, sarcomas, small-cell lung cancer , Blastomas, etc. into consideration.
- cancer the modified mRNA coding for a tumor-specific surface antigen (TSSA)
- TSSA tumor-specific surface antigen
- tumor antigens include 707-AP, AFP, ART-4, BAGE, ß-catenin / m, Bcr-abl, CAMEL, CAP-1, CASP-8, CDC27 / m, CDK4 / m, CEA, CT, Cyp-B, DAM, ELF2M, ETV6-AML1, G250, GAGE, GnT-V, GplOO, HAGE, HER-2 / new, HLA-A * 0201-R170I, HPV-E7, HSP70-2M, HAST-2, hTERT (or hTRT ), iCE, KIAA0205, LAGE, LDLR / FUT, MAGE, MART-1 / Melan- A, MC1R, Myosin / m, MUC1, MUM-1, -2, -3, NA88-A, NY-ESO-1, pl90 minor bcr-abl, Pml RAR ⁇ , PRAME, PSA
- FaU Infectious diseases encoded the corresponding surface antigens with the strongest antigenic potential by the modified mRNA In the case of pathogenic germs or organisms, particularly in the case of viral genes, this is typically a secreted form of a surface antigen.
- polypeptides are preferably used according to the invention, the polypeptides being polyepitopes, for example the above-mentioned antigens, in particular surface antigens of pathogenic germs or organisms or tumor cells, preferably secreted protein forms.
- the mRNA modified in accordance with the invention can contain, in addition to the antigenic or the gene-therapeutic peptide or polypeptide, at least one further functional section which is, for example, for a cytokine (monokine, lymphokine, interleukin or chemokine, such as BL-1, IL) which promotes the immune response -2, BL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, EL-10, IL-12, INF- ⁇ , INF- ⁇ , GM-CFS, LT- ⁇ or growth factors such as hGH.
- cytokine monokine, lymphokine, interleukin or chemokine, such as BL-1, IL
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can contain one or more adjuvants.
- adjuvant means any chemical or biological compound that promotes a specific immune response.
- different mechanisms can be considered. For example. Compounds which promote endocytosis of the modified mRNA contained in the pharmaceutical composition by dendritic cells (DC) form a first class of adjuvants which can be used. Other compounds that allow the maturation of the DC, for example. Lipopolysaccharide, TNF-c. or CD40 ligand, are another class of suitable adjuvants.
- any "hazard signal" -type agent LPS, GP96, ougonucleotides with the CpG motif
- cytokines such as GM-CFS
- LPS GP96, ougonucleotides with the CpG motif
- cytokines such as GM-CFS
- Other known adjuvants are aluminum hydroxide, Freud's adjuvant and the aforementioned stabilizing cationic peptides or polypeptides, such as protamine.
- lipopeptides such as Pam3Cys are also particularly suitable for use as adjuvants in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention; see. Deres et al, Nature 1989, 342: 561-564.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention contains a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
- Carriers used for parenteral administration include, for example, sterile water, sterile saline solutions, polyalkylene glycols, hydrogenated naphthalene and in particular biocompatible lactide polymers. Lactide / glycolide copolymer or polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene copolymers.
- compositions according to the invention can include substances or substances, such as lactose, mannitol, substances for covalently attaching polymers, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol to inhibitors according to the invention, complexing with metals or inclusion of materials in or on special preparations of polymer compounds, such as polylactate, polyglycolic acid, hydrogel or on liposomes, microemulsion, micelles, uneven or multi-lamellar vesicles, erythrocyte fragments or spheroplasts.
- polymers such as, for example, polyethylene glycol to inhibitors according to the invention, complexing with metals or inclusion of materials in or on special preparations of polymer compounds, such as polylactate, polyglycolic acid, hydrogel or on liposomes, microemulsion, micelles, uneven or multi-lamellar vesicles, erythrocyte fragments or spheroplasts.
- polymers such as, for example, polyethylene glycol to inhibitors according to
- Controlled or constant release of the active ingredient component according to the invention in the composition includes formulations based on epophilic depots (eg fatty acids, waxes or oils).
- epophilic depots eg fatty acids, waxes or oils.
- coatings of substances or compositions according to the invention containing such substances namely coatings with polymers (for example poloxamers or poloxamines) are also disclosed.
- substances or compositions according to the invention can have protective coatings, for example protease inhibitors or permeability enhancers.
- Preferred carriers are typically aqueous carrier materials, using water for injection (WF1) or water buffered with phosphate, citrate or acetate, etc., and the pH typically to 5.0 to 8.0, preferably 6.0 to 7 , 0, is set.
- the carrier or vehicle will preferably also contain salt components, for example sodium chloride-potassium chloride or other components which make the solution, for example, isotonic.
- the carrier or vehicle can furthermore contain additional components, such as human serum albumin (HSA), polysorbate 80, sugar or amino acids.
- HSA human serum albumin
- polysorbate 80 polysorbate 80, sugar or amino acids.
- the manner of administration and the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention depend on the disease to be treated and its stage of progress, as well as the body weight, the age and the sex of the patient.
- the concentration of the modified mRNA in such formulations can therefore vary within a wide range from 1 ⁇ g to 100 mg / ml.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is preferably administered to the patient parenterally, for example intravenously, intra-artery U, subcutaneously, intramuscularly. It is also possible to administer the pharmaceutical composition topically or orally.
- a method for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases or an vaccination method for the prevention of the above-mentioned diseases comprises the administration of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention to a patient, in particular a human being.
- a method is also provided that serves to determine the modified sequence of the mRNA contained in the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
- the adaptation of the RNA sequences is carried out with two different optimization goals: on the one hand with the greatest possible G / C content, and on the other hand with the best possible consideration of the frequency of the tRNAs according to codon usage.
- a virtual translation of a remaining RNA (or DNA) sequence is carried out in order to generate the corresponding amino acid sequence.
- a virtual reverse translation is carried out which, on the basis of the degenerate genetic code, supplies Wahlm ⁇ gUclikeiten for the corresponding codons.
- RNA sequences known in nature are read in, which can provide the basis for an RNA which has been stablized according to natural sequence motifs. It can also be a sel analysis are provided which can analyze stabilizing and unstabilizing properties or areas of the RNA on the basis of structural calculations.
- FIG. 1 shows wüdtyp- and modified sequences for the influenza matrix protein.
- FIG. 1A shows the wild-type gene and FIG. 1B shows the amino acid sequence derived therefrom (one-letter code).
- Fig. IC shows a gene sequence coding for the influenza matrix protein, the G / C content of which is increased compared to the wüdtyp sequence.
- Figure 1D shows the sequence of a gene coding for a secreted form of the influenza matrix protein (including an N-terminal signal sequence), the G / C content of the sequence being increased compared to the wüd-type sequence.
- 1E shows an mRNA coding for the influenza matrix protein, which contains stabilizing sequences in comparison to the wüdtyp mRNA.
- FIG. 1F shows an mRNA coding for the influenza matrix protein which, in addition to stabilizing sequences, has an increased G / C content.
- FIG. IG also shows a modified mRNA which codes for the secreted form of the influenza matrix protein and which has stabilizing sequences and an increased GC content compared to the Wüd type.
- the start and stop codons are highlighted in bold in FIGS. 1A and IC to IG.
- Nucleotides which have been changed compared to the wild-type sequence of FIG. 1A are shown in capital letters in the figures IC to IG.
- Fig. 2 shows wüdtyp- and sequences modified according to the invention, which code for the tumor antigen MAGEl.
- 2A shows the sequence of the wild-type gene and FIG. 2B the amino acid sequence derived therefrom (three-letter code).
- 2C shows a modified mRNA coding for MAGE1, the G / C content of which is increased compared to the Wüd type.
- 2D shows the sequence of a modified mRNA coding for MAGE1, in which the codon use was optimized with regard to the coding as frequently as possible tRNA occurring in the cell. Start and stop codons are each marked in bold.
- a computer program was first used as an exemplary embodiment of the method for determining the sequence of a modified mRNA according to the invention, which uses the genetic code or its degenerative nature to modify the nucleotide sequence of a conventional mRNA in such a way that a maximum G / C Content in connection with the use of codons which code for tRNAs which occur as frequently as possible in the cell, the amino acid sequence encoded by the modified mRNA being identical to the unmodified sequence.
- only the G / C content or only the codon usage can be modified compared to the original sequence.
- the QueUcode in Visual Basic 6.0 (development environment used: Microsoft Visual Studio Enterprise 6.0 with Service Pack 3) is specified in the appendix.
- RNA construct with a sequence of the lac Z gene from E. coli optimized for stabilization and translation efficiency was created.
- a G / C content of 69% (compared to the Wüdtyp sequence of 51%; cf. Kalnins et al., EMBO J. 1983, 2 (4): 593-597) could thus be achieved.
- the optimized sequence was produced according to methods known in the art.
- the terminal oligonucleotides had the following restriction sites: an Ec ⁇ RV at the 5 'end and a _Bg / ⁇ site at the 3 end. About digestion with Ec ⁇ KVIBgl ⁇ .
- pT7Ts contains sequences from the ⁇ -globin gene from Xenopus levis at 5 'and 3', respectively.
- the plasmid was cut with the restriction enzymes mentioned before inserting the modified lacZ sequence.
- the pT7Ts-lac-Z construct was grown in bacteria and purified by phenol-chloroform extraction. 2 ⁇ g of the construct were transcribed in vitro using the method known to a person skilled in the art, whereby the modified mRNA was produced.
- the hoof of the computer program according to the invention from example 1 was used to optimize the gene for the influenza matrix protein (wüdtyp-sequence see FIG. 1A, derived amino acid sequence FIG. IB). This gave rise to the G / C-rich sequence variant shown in FIG. IC. A G / C-rich sequence coding for the secreted form of the influenza matrix protein and coding for an N-terminal signal sequence was also determined (cf. FIG. 1D).
- the secreted form of the influenza matrix protein has the advantage that it has an increased immunogenicity compared to the non-secreted form.
- mRNA molecules were designed based on the optimized sequences.
- the mRNA for the influenza matrix protein which was optimized with regard to G / C content and codon use, was additionally combined with stabilizing sequences in the 5 'and 3' range (the stabilization sequences originate from the 5 'and 3' UTRs of the ß-globin - Xenupus laevis mRNA; see pT7Ts vector in Lai et al., see above) (see FIGS. 1E and 1F).
- the mRNA coding for the secreted form of the influenza matrix protein was also sequence-optimized in the translated region and provided with the rodent sequences mentioned (cf. FIG. IG).
- the mRNA coding for the tumor antigen MAGE1 was modified with hooves of the computer program of Example 1.
- the sequence shown in FIG. 2C was determined, which has a 24% higher G / C content (351 G, 291 C) compared to the Wüdtyp sequence (275 G, 244 G).
- the wüdtyp-sequence was Temative codon use improved in terms of translation efficiency due to the coding of tRNAs that occur more frequently in the cell (cf. FIG. 2D).
- the alternative codon use also increased the G / C content by 24%.
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Priority Applications (20)
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CA2457959A CA2457959C (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-05 | Pharmaceutical composition containing a stabilised mrna optimised for translation in its coding regions |
EP02732752A EP1392341B1 (de) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-05 | Stabilisierte mrna mit erhöhtem g/c-gehalt und optimierter codon usage für die gentherapie |
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US10/729,830 US10188748B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2003-12-05 | Pharmaceutical composition containing a stabilised mRNA optimised for translation in its coding regions |
AU2007203181A AU2007203181B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2007-07-10 | Stabilised mRNA with an increased G/C content and optimised codon for use in gene therapy |
AU2009202873A AU2009202873B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2009-07-16 | Stabilised MRNA with an increased G/C content and optimised codon for use in gene therapy |
US12/787,566 US20110077287A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2010-05-26 | Pharmaceutical composition containing a stabilised mrna optimised for translation in its coding regions |
US12/787,755 US20100239608A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2010-05-26 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
US13/185,119 US20110269950A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2011-07-18 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
US14/487,425 US11135312B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2014-09-16 | Pharmaceutical composition containing a stabilised mRNA optimised for translation in its coding regions |
US14/994,913 US20230181765A2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2016-01-13 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
US15/005,753 US20160136243A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2016-01-25 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
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US15/005,950 US10568972B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2016-01-25 | Pharmaceutical composition containing a stabilised mRNA optimised for translation in its coding regions |
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US15/005,911 US20160136258A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2016-01-25 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
US15/005,986 US11369691B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2016-01-25 | Pharmaceutical composition containing a stabilised mRNA optimised for translation in its coding regions |
US15/248,902 US20160361438A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2016-08-26 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
US16/116,320 US20190134222A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2018-08-29 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING A STABILISED mRNA OPTIMISED FOR TRANSLATION IN ITS CODING REGIONS |
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