Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
  • A61F13/531—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
  • A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
  • A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
  • A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/02—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin in the form of fibres or filaments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
  • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
  • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
  • D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
  • D01F11/04—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
  • D01F11/06—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
  • D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
  • D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
  • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
  • A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
  • A61F2013/8408—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control with odour control
  • A61F2013/8414—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control with odour control with anti-microbic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
  • A61L2300/21—Acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
  • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
  • B32B2307/7145—Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
  • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/728—Hydrophilic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2535/00—Medical equipment, e.g. bandage, prostheses or catheter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2555/00—Personal care
  • B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/696—Including strand or fiber material which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous compositions, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

Definitions

• this invention relates to hydrophilic polypropylene fibers which preferably have antimicrobial activity.
• a multilayer absorbent device suitable as, e.g., a wound dressing.a medical drape, and the like.
• the invention provides a polypropylene fiber having incorporated therein a C 8 to C ⁇ 6 fatty acid monoglyceride or a mixture of glycerides containing at least 80 percent by weight of one or more C 8 to C ⁇ 6 fatty monoglycerides, and a hydrophilic enhancer material.
• the invention includes fibrous nonwoven. woven and knit webs and batts made from such fibers.
• the invention provides a hydrophilic polypropylene fiber comprising: (a) polypropylene; (b) an effective amount of at least one C 8 to 2 fatty acid monoglyceride added to the polypropylene as a melt additive to impart both hydrophilicity and antimicrobial activity to Gram-positive bacteria to the surface of the fiber; and (c) an effective amount of an antimicrobial enhancer material such that the surface of the fiber is antimicrobial to Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae.
• Preferred antimicrobial enhancer materials include organic acids and chelating agents, most preferably lactic acid.
• the invention provides an absorbent device comprising: (a) an absorbent layer having upper and lower opposed, major surfaces and comprising fibers that are hydrophilic and, preferably, antimicrobial to Gram-positive bacteria; and (b) a liquid-impermeable and moisture vapor permeable backing sheet adhered to the upper surface of the absorbent layer.
• the fibers comprise polypropylene and an effective amount of at least one C 8 to 6 fatty acid monoglyceride added to the polypropylene as a melt additive to render the surface of the fibers hydrophilic and, preferably, antimicrobial.
• the surface of the hydrophilic fibers are treated with an effective amount of an antimicrobial enhancer material, such as lactic acid, such that the surface of the fibers in the absorbent layer are antimicrobial to Gram-negative bacteria.
• an antimicrobial enhancer material such as lactic acid
• the absorbent layer and backing sheet are substantially coextensive.
• the absorbent layer and the backing sheet are not substantially coextensive and the backing sheet extends beyond at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the absorbent layer to form an extended portion with an upper and lower surface.
• the lower surface of the extended portion is adjacent to the absorbent layer and at least a portion of the lower surface carries an adhesive layer which can be used to adhere the absorbent device to the skin around the wound.
• this embodiment can further comprise a release liner that is substantially coextensive with the backing sheet and adhered to the backing sheet by the adhesive layer. The release liner would be removed from the absorbent device prior to application to a wound.
• a preferred embodiment of the absorbent device further comprises a liquid- permeable sheet that is substantially coextensive with, and adhered to, the lower surface of the absorbent layer.
• the liquid permeable sheet permits passage of liquid, e.g.. exudate, from the wound into the absorbent layer, and preferably prevents adherence of the absorbent layer to the wound.
• the liquid permeable sheet can be hydrophilic or antimicrobial, or both.
• the invention also provides useful devices made from such fibers, such as fabrics, webs, batts, and single and multi-layer nonwoven constructions, which are employed in the manufacture of wound dressings, medical drapes, surgical gowns, surgical masks, disposable diapers, filter media, face masks, orthopedic cast padding/stockinettes, respirators, food packaging, dental floss, industrial wipes, textiles, and battery separators.
• the absorbent device of the present invention can advantageously be used as a wound dressing because it can (i) absorb a substantial quantity of wound exudate when the dressing is worn for an extended period of time or when the wound produces a large quantity of exudate, and (ii) retard growth of bacteria in the absorbent layer, and, in some cases, in the wound.
• a further advantage of the absorbent device is that the antimicrobial activity of the device reduces the sterilization load associated with the wound dressing when the device is sterilized prior to packaging such as. for example, by exposure to ethylene oxide.
• the invention further provides a method of preparing fibers that are both hydrophilic and, preferably, antimicrobial to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the method comprising the steps of (i) preparing a hot melt mixture comprising melted polypropylene and an amount of at least one C 8 to C ⁇ 6 fatty acid monoglyceride that is effective to impart both hydrophilicity and, preferably, antimicrobial activity to Gram- positive bacteria to the surface of the fiber; and (ii) shaping the mixture into the desired shape, for example forming the fibers by extrusion through a die.
• the method further comprises the step of contacting the shaped mixture with a liquid composition comprising at least one antimicrobial enhancer material, thereby cooling and at least partially solidifying the shaped mixture and, when present, evaporating sufficient solvent or carrier liquid from the liquid composition to yield an essentially dry coating of the antimicrobial enhancer material on the surface of the shaped mixture that is of sufficient concentration and uniformity such that the extruded surface is antimicrobial to Gram-negative bacteria.
• the monoglyceride is a C 8 - C ⁇ 2 fatty acid monoglyceride, such as, for example, glycerol monolaurate.
• Some embodiments of the aforementioned fibers further incorporate an effective amount of a hydrophilic enhancer material added to the polypropylene as a melt additive to enhance the hydrophilicity of the fibers.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an absorbent device according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another absorbent device according to the invention.
• hydrophilic hydrophilicity or similar terminology is used to describe substrates (e.g., fibers, woven or nonwoven fabrics, webs, knits or fiber batts etc.) that can be wet by water, by aqueous solutions of acids and bases (e.g., aqueous potassium hydroxide) and by polar liquids (e.g. sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol).
• acids and bases e.g., aqueous potassium hydroxide
• polar liquids e.g. sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol
• antimicrobial or “antimicrobial activity” means that a material has sufficient antimicrobial activity as measured by American Association of Textile and Color Chemists (AATCC) Test Method 100-1993 (AATCC Technical Manual, 1997, pp. 143 to 144), to reduce an initial bacterial load by at least 90% over a 24-hour exposure period at 23-24° C.
• AATCC American Association of Textile and Color Chemists
• fiber and “fibrous” as used herein refer to particulate matter, generally comprising thermoplastic resin, wherein the length to diameter ratio of the particulate matter is greater than or equal to about 10. Fiber diameters may range from about 0.5 micron up to at least 1.000 microns and each fiber may have a variety of cross-sectional geometries, may be solid or hollow, and may be colored by, e.g., inco ⁇ orating dye or pigment into the polymer melt prior to extrusion.
• nonwoven web or “nonwoven fabric” means a web or fabric having a structure of individual fibers which are interlaid, but not in a regular manner, such as knitting and weaving. Nonwoven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes such as, for example, melt blowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded carded web processes.
• spunbonded fibers refers to small diameter fibers which are formed or
• melt blown fibers refers to fibers which are typically formed by extruding the molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into a high velocity, usually heated gas (e.g.. air) stream which attenuates the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter. Thereafter, the melt-blown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly disbursed melt-blown fibers. Any of the nonwoven webs may be made from a single type of fiber or two or more fibers which differ in composition and/or thickness. Alternatively, sheath-core fibers can be extruded containing different polymer compositions in each layer, or containing the same polymer composition in each layer but employing the more hydrophilicity-imparting component in the outer sheath layer.
• the polymers useful in preparation of the hydrophilic fibers of the present invention are polypropylenes, including isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, and mixtures of isotactic. atactic and/or syndiotactic polypropylene.
• the monoglycerides useful in the invention are derived from glycerol and medium to long chain length (i.e., C 8 to Cj ) fatty acids such as caprylic, capric, and lauric acids. Most preferably, the monoglycerides are derived from Cio to C ⁇ 2 fatty acids and are food grade and Generally Regarded as Safe ("GRAS") materials. Examples of preferred monoglycerides include glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monocaprate, and glycerol monocaprylate. Because the monoglycerides useful in the invention are typically available in the form of mixtures of unreacted glycerol.
• mixtures that contain a high concentration (e.g., greater than about 80%, preferably greater than about 85 wt. %, more preferably greater than about 90 wt. %, and most preferably greater than about 92 wt. %) of the monoglyceride.
• a convenient way to determine whether one of the aforementioned mixtures, or even a particular monoglyceride, will work in the invention is to calculate the hydrophilic- lipophilic balance ("HLB value") for the mixture.
• HLB value hydrophilic- lipophilic balance
• the HLB value of one of the aforementioned mixtures decreases with increasing fatty acid chain lengths, and also decreases as the diglyceride and triglyceride content in the mixture increases.
• Useful materials typically have HLB values of about 4.5 to about 9, more preferably from about 5.3 to about 8.5. Examples of particularly useful commercially available materials include those available from Med-Chem Laboratories, East Lansing, MI, under the tradename LAURICIDLNTM, Riken Vitamin Ltd., Tokyo, Japan under the tradename POEMTM, and Henkel Corp. of Germany under the tradename "MONOMULSTM 90 L-12".
• the fibers of this invention can be made by blending or otherwise uniformly mixing at least one C 8 to Cj 6 fatty acid monoglyceride and the solid polypropylene, for example, by intimately mixing the monoglyceride with pelletized or powdered polymer, and melt extruding the mixture into a fibrous web using any of the commonly known processes for producing nonwoven webs, such as by using the spunbonding techniques or melt-blowing techniques, or combinations of the two, described above.
• the monoglyceride can be mixed per se with the polypropylene, or it can be mixed with the polymer in the form of a "masterbatch" (concentrate) of the monoglyceride in the polymer.
• Masterbatches can typically contain from about 10% to as much as about 25% by weight of the monoglyceride.
• an organic solution of the monoglyceride can be mixed with the powdered or pelletized polymer, the mixture dried to remove solvent, then melted and extruded into the desired shape.
• the neat form of monoglyceride can be injected into a molten polymer stream to form a blend just prior to extrusion into the desired shape.
• an annealing step may be carried out to enhance hydrophilicity.
• the article is annealed at a temperature and for a time sufficient to increase the amount of monoglyceride at the surface of the article.
• the annealing process can be conducted below the melt temperature at about 60° to about 80°C for a period of about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes or more. In some cases, the presence of moisture during annealing can improve the effectiveness of the monoglyceride.
• the annealing of a fibrous web can be carried out, for example, in combination with other processing steps for the web (e.g.. during the warm cycle of an ethylene oxide sterilization cycle). Hydrophilicity may also be enhanced by contacting the shaped article with heated surfaces, such as hot rolls at about 60°C to 100°C for about 10-60 seconds.
• Melt-blown hydrophilic fibers useful in the present invention can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,849,241 (Butin et al.) and 5.064.578 (Insley et al.), or from microfiber webs containing particulate matter such as those disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,971,373 (Braun), 4,100,324 (Anderson), and 4,429,001 (Kolpin et al.). Multilayer constructions of nonwoven fabrics enjoy wide industrial and commercial utility and include such uses as fabrics for medical gowns and drapes.
• constituent layers of such multilayer constructions can be varied according to the desired end use characteristics, and can comprise two or more layers of melt-blown and spun-bond webs in many useful combinations, such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,145,727 (Potts et al.) and 5,149,576 (Potts et al.).
• Preferred hydrophilic enhancer materials include polybutylene, polybutylene copolymers, ethylene/octene copolymers, atactic polypropylene, and certain sorbitan monoesters.
• Polybutylene and its copolymers such as, for example, polybutylene 0200, polybutylene 0400, polybutylene 0800, polybutylene DP 8310, and polybutylene DP 8340 (all available from Shell Chemical Co.), ethylene/octene copolymers, such as, for example, ENGAGETM 8401 and 8402 (available from DuPont Dow Elastomer), ethylene butylene and butylene/ethylene copolymers, for example, EXACTTM 4023 (available from Exxon) and MONTELLTM dp-8340 (AVAILABLE FROM Montell), and atactic poly(alpha)olefins, such as APAO-2180-E8 atactic polypropylene, a high molecular weight homopolymer of polypropy
• Effective concentrations of the polybutylene homopolymer and copolymers determined by measuring the amount inco ⁇ orated as a melt additive prior to fiber formation, range from about 2 to about 25% by weight, and preferably from about 5% to about 15% by weight.
• the enhancement effect is seen at polybutylene levels up to about 25% by weight, and at monoglyceride concentrations as low as 1.0% by weight, based on the weight of the composition prior to fiber formation.
• C 8 to C ⁇ 6 , preferably C ⁇ to C )6 sorbitan monoesters such as SPANTM 20 (sorbitan monolaurate) or SPANTM 40 (sorbitan monopalmitate) for example EXACTTM 4023 (available from Exxon) and MONTELLTM DP-8340 (available from Montell), in combination with the monoglyceride, with or without polybutylene, can further enhance the hydrophilic properties of the extrudate.
• These monoesters both enhance the hydrophilicity of the web and allow the web to maintain its hydrophilicity after aging at ambient conditions. When these hydrophilic enhancer materials are used, they may replace from about 10% to about 50% of the monoglyceride, preferably from about 30% to about 50%.
• nonwoven webs or fabrics and fiber batts can further include commonly used hydrophilic fillers such as, for example, wood pulp, cellulose, cotton, rayon, recycled cellulose, and shredded cellulose sponge, as well as adhesive binders and antistats.
• hydrophilic fillers such as, for example, wood pulp, cellulose, cotton, rayon, recycled cellulose, and shredded cellulose sponge, as well as adhesive binders and antistats.
• any of a wide variety of constructions may be made from the above- described fibers and fabrics, and such constructions will find utility in applications requiring hydrophilicity.
• Such constructions include aqueous media absorbent devices such as diapers, feminine care products, and adult incontinence products, which utilize the fiber and fabrics as at least a portion of their fluid-absorbing "core” element.
• Absorbent device refers to a consumer product that is capable of absorbing significant quantities of water and other aqueous fluids (i.e., liquids) such as body fluids.
• aqueous media absorbent devices include wound dressings, disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons, incontinence pads, disposable training pants, paper towels, geofabrics, facial tissues, medical drapes and masks, medical gowns, and the like.
• the fabrics of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in devices like sanitary napkins, diapers, and incontinence pads.
• Aqueous media absorbent devices frequently will comprise a substantially aqueous media impervious and moisture vapor-permeable backing sheet, an aqueous media permeable top sheet, and an aqueous media absorbent core comprising at least one aqueous media absorbent layer positioned between said backing sheet and said top sheet.
• the aqueous media impervious backing sheets may comprise any suitable material, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyurethane, preferably having a thickness of at least about 0.020 mm, which will help retain fluid within the absorbent article.
• the aqueous media impervious backing sheet may also comprise a fabric treated with a water repellent material.
• the aqueous media permeable top sheets can comprise material, such as polyester, polyolefin, rayon, and the like, that is substantially porous and permits aqueous media to readily pass therethrough into the underlying absorbent core. Suitable materials for both the top sheets and the backing sheets are well known in the art.
• Disposable diapers comprising the hydrophilic fabrics of the invention may be made by using conventional diaper making techniques, replacing or supplementing the wood pulp fiber core typically employed with the fabrics comprising hydrophilic fibers of the present invention.
• the hydrophilic fibers of the invention may also be used to input hydrophilicity to the top sheet of such an article where hydrophilicity is desired.
• the hydrophilic fabrics of this invention may thus be used in diapers in single layer or in multiple layer core configurations. Articles in the form of disposable diapers are described by U.S. Patent Nos. 3,592,194 (Duncan et al.), 3.489,148 (Duncan et al.), and 3,860,003 (Buell).
• a liquid composition comprising at least one antimicrobial enhancer material and optionally a liquid vehicle is applied by, e.g., dipping, spraying, printing, padding or by brush or sponge, to a portion of or the entire exterior surface of the shaped article, namely, fibers, woven and nonwoven fabrics or webs, and batts.
• the liquid vehicle is then removed, typically by drying, from the liquid composition to provide an essentially dry coating of the antimicrobial enhancer material containing at least about 50 weight percent enhancer material, preferably at least about 75 weight percent enhancer material, and more preferably at least about 95 wt. % enhancer material on the surface of the article.
• the antimicrobial enhancer when combined in sufficient concentration and uniformity with a fiber prepared with the monoglyceride melt additive, enhances either the antimicrobial activity of the article surface or the spectrum of antimicrobial activity, that is, the article surface has antimicrobial activity to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
• Preferred antimicrobial enhancer materials are organic acids and chelating agents.
• Suitable antimicrobial enhancer materials include: lactic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, acetic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acidic sodium hexametaphosphate (such as SPORLXTM acidic sodium hexametaphosphate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or EDTA) and salts thereof.
• Preferred materials are both food grade and GRAS materials, and a particularly preferred antimicrobial enhancer material is lactic acid.
• the liquid composition is prepared by dissolving, dispersing or emulsifying the antimicrobial enhancer material in a liquid vehicle such as water and or a lower alcohol, such as ethanol, to provide a liquid composition comprising from about 1.0 to about 50 wt. % enhancer material based on total weight of the liquid composition.
• a preferred method for applying the liquid composition to extruded fibers is to spray the hot fibers as they exit the extrusion die. Typical spray rates of about 3 kg/hr to about 25 kg/hr of an aqueous lactic acid solution are suitable for fiber extrusion rates of about 90 to about 100 kg/hr. Undiluted liquid lactic acid or any dilution up to a 1 part lactic acid per 3 parts water are preferred. Solvent removal, if necessary, can be accomplished by drying the coated fibers in an oven.
• the device has an absorbent layer 11 which is substantially conformable and is comprised of one or more layers of nonwoven or woven fabrics, webs or fiber batts.
• the layers are comprised of fibers that are hydrophilic and, preferably, also antimicrobial to Gram-positive bacteria, and even more preferably, to Gram-negative bacteria as well.
• the layers may be bonded together by melt bonding (e.g., pattern bonding or radio frequency bonding) or adhesives to form a single, unitary layer.
• Suitable adhesives include hot melt spray adhesives such as HL-1685-X or HL-1710-X, both of which are commercially available from H.B. Fuller Co., St. Paul, Minnesota.
• the hot melt adhesive can be applied using spiral spray adhesive systems such as those commercially available from Nordson Co ⁇ oration, Duluth, Georgia. Typical adhesive application rates using such systems are about 6 to 10 grams/m 2 .
• the fibers may be combined with other additives commonly used to prepare absorbent fabrics or batts, such as wood pulp, cellulose, cotton, rayon, recycled cellulose, shredded cellulose sponge and binders.
• the thickness of the absorbent layer is from about 0.5 to about 10 mm.
• the absorbent layer 11 has an upper surface 12 and a lower surface 13. Adhered to the upper surface 12 is a substantially conformable and substantially coextensive, liquid- impermeable backing sheet 14.
• the backing sheet 14 can be essentially continuous, or it can be microporous, and preferably it is moisture vapor-permeable so as to prevent an unacceptable buildup of moisture within the absorbent device when the absorbent layer 11 is saturated, for example, with wound exudate.
• the backing sheet 14 is typically about 0.02 to about 0.12 mm thick, and can be selected from a variety of commonly known polymeric films, such as polyurethane and polypropylene films.
• a microporous film preferred for use as a backing sheet can be prepared according to the method of U.S. Patent No.
• the backing sheet 14 can be adhered to the absorbent layer 11 by melt bonding (e.g., pattern bonding or radio frequency bonding), or by a continuous or discontinuous adhesive layer (not shown) comprising, for example, one of the non-cytotoxic adhesives known in the art such as those described above.
• a substantially conformable liquid-permeable sheet 15 is adhered to the lower surface 13 of the absorbent layer 11.
• adhered is meant that sheet 15 abuts and extends along the lower surface 13 and can be, but need not be, attached thereto by adhesive means.
• the liquid-permeable sheet 15 is preferably substantially coextensive with the absorbent layer 11 and adhered to it either by melt bonding or by an adhesive as described hereinabove (e.g., a hot melt spray adhesive).
• the liquid-permeable sheet is about 0.05 mm to about 0.075 mm thick, and is substantially porous to permit free flow of liquid.
• a particularly preferred liquid-permeable sheet is the non-stick netting commercially available from Applied Extrusion Technologies, Middletown, Delaware as Delnet CKX215 P-S or Delnet P530-S.
• FIG. 2 Shown in FIG. 2 is an absorbent device 20.
• the device 20 has an absorbent layer 21 with an upper surface 22 and lower surface 23.
• Adhered to the upper surface 22 of the absorbent layer 21 is a substantially conformable backing sheet 24.
• the backing sheet 24 is not coextensive with the absorbent layer 21. Instead, the backing sheet 24 extends beyond the outer perimeter of the absorbent layer 21 , preferably uniformly, to provide an extended portion 25 with a lower surface 26.
• the lower surface of the extended portion 25 carries an adhesive layer 27 that can be used to adhere the absorbent device to the target, such as the skin around a wound.
• the adhesive 26, preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive, may be in the extended portion 25 or may be covering the entire surface 22.
• Preferred adhesives include adhesives having good adhesion to skin and resistance to moisture. Examples of such adhesives are those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,648.166 ( Dunshee).
• the device also includes a substantially conformable, liquid-permeable sheet 29 adhered to the lower surface 23 of the absorbent layer 21.
• the liquid permeable sheet 29 is coextensive with the absorbent layer 21.
• the device also optionally includes a release liner 30 that is substantially coextensive with and adhered to the backing sheet 24 by the adhesive layer 27. Prior to application of the absorbent device 20 to the target, the release liner 30 is removed from the absorbent device.
• suitable adhesives for adhesive layer 27 include any of the non-cytotoxic adhesives described hereinabove.
• Release liner 30 can be any polymeric film, paper or foil known in the art to be useful as a release liner.
• Examples of useful release liners include 50 g/m 2 basis weight SC 501FM40 white Sopal Flexible Packaging available from Day Cedex. France.
• the backing sheet 24, absorbent layer 21. and liquid permeable sheet 29 can be the same as those elements used in the absorbent device depicted in FIG. 1.
• moisture vapor-permeable adhesive coated films like those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,726,989 can also be used as the backing sheet 24.
• the invention may also find particular utility as an antimicrobial face mask, e.g., a surgical mask, or as an antimicrobial medical drape or gown, e.g., a surgical drape.
• Face masks are used as barriers between the wearer and the environment, and are well described in the an, e.g., in U. S. Pat. No. Re. 28.102 (Mayhew). Through their filtration efficiency, face masks can remove particulates (organic, inorganic, or microbiological) from the incoming or out going breath. Face masks are generally not antimicrobially active even though they are commonly used in a health care setting as a method of minimizing pathogen transmission risk.
• the invention includes a face mask with antimicrobial activity, that is a mask capable of killing microorganisms that come into contact with it. This activity extends to antimicrobial kill of such common organisms like bacteria, fungi, the influenza A virus, and the rhinovirus, the cause of the common cold.
• Surgical drapes may be constructed from single layers of a fibrous web material or include multi-layered laminates that include one or more film layers, e.g., as described in U. S. Pat. Nos. 3.809,077 (Hansen) and 4,522.203 (Mays). Surgical drapes require sterilization prior to use and since the drapes generally do not have inherent antimicrobial activity, any microbial contamination can remain on the surface of these drapes.
• the invention includes surgical drapes that can be self-sterilizing through the application of an antimicrobial coating to the surface of the surgical drape.
• Active surfaces like the self-sterilizing surgical drapes of this invention can provide long term antimicrobial kill of microorganisms coming in contact with the drape surface.
• GML glycerol monolaurate, available from Med-Chem Laboratories, East Lansing, Michigan under the tradename "LAURICIDLNTM.”
• GM-C8 glycerol monocaprylate, available as POEMTM M-100 from Riken
• GM-C10 glycerol monocaprate, available as POEMTM M-200 from Riken Vitamin LTD., Tokyo, Japan.
• GM-C12 glycerol monolaurate, prepared as follows: A 250-mL three-necked flask equipped with thermometer, addition funnel and nitrogen inlet adapter was charged with 100.16 g (0.5 mol) of lauric acid (available from. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Milwaukee, WI) and 0.7 g (0.5% with respect to the total weight of reactants) of benzyl triethylammonium chloride (the catalyst, available from Sigma-Aldrich Co.). The reaction mixture was heated to an internal temperature of 114°C using a silicone oil bath at 1 19°C.
• lauric acid available from. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Milwaukee, WI
• benzyl triethylammonium chloride the catalyst, available from Sigma-Aldrich Co.
• GM-C14 glycerol monomyristate, prepared as follows: Using a procedure similar to that described for the preparation of GM-C12, 114.19 g (0.5 mol) of myristic acid (available from Sigma-Aldrich Co.), 38.9 g (0.525 mol) of glycidol, and 0.77 g of benzyl triethylammonium chloride were reacted for 18 hours to provide 143.5 g of product.
• myristic acid available from Sigma-Aldrich Co.
• GM-C16 glycerol monopalmitate, prepared as follows: Using a procedure similar to that described for the preparation of GM-C12, 89.75 (0.35 mol) of palmitic acid (available from Sigma-Aldrich Co.), 27.22 g (0.3675 mol) of glycidol, and 0.58 g of benzyl triethylammonium chloride were reacted for 6 hours to provide 1 14.4 g of product.
• GM-C18 glycerol monostearate, prepared as follows: Using a procedure similar to that described for the preparation of GM-C12, 142.24 (0.5 mol) of stearic acid
• GM-C18D glycerol monostearate, prepared as follows: An aliquot of about 60 g of GM-C18 was distilled using a single plate distillation at a head temperature of 240°C at 0.5 torr to provide about 25 g of distillate.
• HS-1 glycerol monococoate, available as LUMULSETM GML from Lambert
• HS-2 glycerol monooleate, available as LUMULSETM GMO from Lambert Technologies.
• HS-3 glycerol monostearate, available as EMERESTTM 2400 from Henkel Co ⁇ ., Organic Products Division, Charlotte, North Carolina.
• HS-4 glycerol monoisostearate, prepared as follows: A 1-L 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with heating mantle, stirrer, thermometer, and Dean-Stark apparatus was charged with 284.48 g (1 mol) of isostearic acid (available as EMERESTTM 873 from Henkel Co ⁇ .), 92.09 g (1 mol) of glycerol, 2.26 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid (available from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin), and 131.8 g of toluene.
• isostearic acid available as EMERESTTM 873 from Henkel Co ⁇ .
• p-toluenesulfonic acid available from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• HS-6 PEG 400 monotallate. available as MAPEGTM 400MOT from BASF Corp., Specialty Chemicals.
• HS-7 ethoxylated (9.5) octylphenol, available as TRITONTM X-100 from Union Carbide Co ⁇ , Danbury, Connecticut.
• HS-8 polyoxyalkylene (10) oleyl ether, available as BRIJTM 97 from ICI Surfactants, Wilmington, Delaware.
• HS-9 a phenoxyaryl alkyl ethoxylate, available as EMULVLNTM from Bayer Co ⁇ ., Pittsburgh, PA.
• SPANTM 20 sorbitan monolaurate, 100% active, having an HLB of 8.6, available from Uniquma (ICI Surfactants), Wilmington, DE.
• SPANTM 40 sorbitan monopalmitate, 100% active, having an HLB of 6.1, available from Uniquma (ICI Surfactants), Wilmington, DE.
• ARLACELTM 60 sorbitan monostearate, 100% active, having an HLB of 4.3, available from Uniqema (ICI Surfactants).
• ARLACELTM 83 sorbitan sequioleate (V mole adduct). 100% active, having an HLB of 3.7, available from Uniqema (ICI Surfactants).
• Fluorochemical Surfactants FS-1 a hydrophilic fluorochemical polymer melt additive for nonwovens, available as 3MTM FC-1802 Protective Chemical from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota.
• MeFOS A/TRITONTM X-100 adduct made by the condensation reaction of TRITONTM X-100 chloride with MeFOSA amide (C 8 F ⁇ SO 2 NH 2 ) as follows:
• TRITONTM X-100 chloride was made according to the following procedure: To a 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with overhead stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and two attached gas washing bottles (the second bottle containing a 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide) was charged 646 g (1.0 mol) of TRITONTM X-100 O 00/71789
• SS-1 NUWETTM 500 silicon ethoxylate, available from Osi Specialties, Inc., Danbury, CT.
• ESCORENETM PP3505 polypropylene, having a 400 melt index flow rate, available from Exxon Chemical Co., Baytown, Texas.
• PP 3746 ESCORENETM PP3746 polypropylene, having a 1400 melt index flow rate, available from Exxon Chemical Co.
• EOD 96-36 FINATM EOD-96-36 polypropylene, having a 750 melt flow index, available from Fina Co ⁇ ., La Porte, Texas.
• 3960X FLNATM 3960X polypropylene, having a 350 melt flow index, available from Fina Co ⁇ ., LaPorte, Texas.
• 3155 EXXONTM 3155 polypropylene, having a 35 melt flow index, available from Exxon Chemical co.
• EXACTTM 4023 ethylene/butylene copolymer, containing a majority by weight of ethylene, available from Exxon Chemical Co.
• PB 0400 MONTELLTM 0400 1-butylene homopolymer, having a 20 nominal melt index, available from Montell, Houston, TX.
• DP-8910 MONTELLTM DP-8910 polybutylene, containing peroxide, available from Montell.
• DP-8340 MONTELLTM DP-8340 1 -butylene/ethylene copolymer, having a melt flow index of 35, available from Montell. 8401: ENGAGETM 8401, an ethylene/octene copolymer containing 19% octene by weight, having a melt flow index of 30, available from DuPont Dow Elastomer.
• ENGAGETM 8402 an ethylene/octene copolymer containing 13.5% octene by weight, having a melt flow index of 30, available from DuPont Dow Elastomer.
• Antimicrobial Enhancer Material LA Lactic acid, USP, commercially available from J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ.
• HLB Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
• HLB values for each material.
• the HLB values for each monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride present in the materials were calculated using a group contribution method.
• the HLB value for glycerol was also calculated. In this method, HLB values are derived using the relation:
• HLB 7+ ⁇ (hydrophilic group number) - ⁇ (hydrophobic group number).
• group numbers for the particular monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides as well as glycerol are given in Tables I-IV on page 374 of the reference: J.T. Davies and E. K. Rideal. Interfacial Phenomena. Second Edition, Academic Press. London, 1963.
• the HLB value for each material was then calculated using the weight fraction of glycerol and each monoglyceride. diglyceride and triglyceride component in the material using the following equation:
• HLB mixture (wt. fraction monoglyceride) x (HLB monoglyceride) + (wt. fraction diglyceride) x (HLB diglyceride) +
• the basis weight of the resulting webs was 50 ⁇ 5 g/m " (GSM), and the targeted diameter of the microfibers was 7 to 12 micrometers.
• the width of the web was about 12 inches (30.5 cm).
• the extrusion temperature was 255°C.
• the primary air temperature was 258°C
• the pressure was 124 KPa (18 psi)
• the polymer throughput rate was about 180 g/hr/cm.
• This Procedure B is basically the same as Procedure A described above, except that the extrusion temperature was 280 to 350°C, the polymer throughput rate was about 66 kg/hr, and the monoglyceride was inco ⁇ orated into the polymer melt stream just before the die. as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,933,229 (Insley et al.) and 5.064,578 (Insley et al.). The monoester throughput rate was about 2 kg/hr and the die width was about 152 cm.
• the extruder used was a Reifenhauser Extruder Model Number RT 381 (available from Reifenhauser Co., Troisdorf, Nordrheim Nonetheless, Germany), 2.34 m in length x 1.335 m in width x 1.555 m in height, weighing 2200 kg.
• the extruder was driven by an infinitely variable shunt wound DC motor, 37.3 kW and 2200 rev/min max.
• the maximum screw speed was reduced to 150 rev/min.
• the screw was 70 mm in diameter and 2100 mm in length.
• the extruder had five 220 V heating zones using a total of 22.1 kW of heating power.
• the metering pump delivered 100 cm 3 of polymer melt per revolution.
• the die had seven adjacent heating zones.
• the spinneret was approximately 1.2 meters wide and had 4036 holes, each hole of 0.6 mm diameter and 2.4 mm in length.
• the extrusion temperature reported was the temperature in the die block before the polymer melt stream was distributed along the die.
• the maximum throughput of the die was 104 kg/h, or 0.43 g/hole/min.
• the cooling chamber operated with an air temperature of 18.3° C and a cooling air speed of 1000 to 3000 m/min.
• the bonder used to bond the spunbond fibers into a fabric was a Kusters Two-
• the effective bonding width was 1.2 m.
• the upper patterned metal roll had a 14.66% bonding area and a temperature of 270-285°F (132-141°C), while the lower rubber roll had a slick surface and a temperature of 265-280°F (129-138°C).
• the bonding nip pressure was 57-750 pounds force per linear inch (3000-41000 J/cm).
• the heating of the rolls was done by convection from a continuously circulating furnace oil. The temperature of the nips was 200-300°F (93-149°C).
• the speed of the bonder was directly synchronized to the speed of the collection belt that had a range of 3.6 to 65 linear meters per minute.
• the basis weight for each nonwoven fabric (g/m 2 ) was calculated by multiplying the speed of the spin pump (rev/m) times the constant 71. For all examples, the basis weight used was approximately 20 g/m".
• the Hydrophilicity Test was run by holding the outside surface (side opposite the collector) a rectangular nonwoven web sample approximately 8 x 1 1 inches (20 x 28 cm) under a stream of either hot (approximately 45° ⁇ 2°C) or cold (approximately 25° ⁇ 2°C) tap water with a volume output of approximately 200 ml/min at a distance of about 1 inch (2.5 cm) from the water spigot.
• the nonwoven web sample was held with thumbs downward on top of the center of each 8 inch (20 cm) side edge and fingers upward underneath the web sample pointed toward the center of the sample for support, and tilting the web slightly so that the far 11 inch (28 cm) edge was slightly higher than the near 11 inch (28 cm) edge.
• Each nonwoven web sample had a basis weight of 50 ⁇ 5 g m " , an effective fiber diameter of 8 to 13 microns (as calculated according to the method set forth in Davies, C. N., "The Separation of Airborne Dust and Particulates," Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, Proceedings IB, 1952), and a web solidarity of 5 to 15%.
• the following number scale was used to rate the hydrophilicity of each web sample:
• a 12 inch (30 cm) long x 8 inch (20 cm) wide by 2 inch (5 cm) deep pan was filled with 2 liters of tap water having a temperature of 25 ⁇ 2° C.
• Nonwoven melt blown fabric web samples having a target basis weight of 9 to 10 grams per square meter were each cut to a rectangular shape of 6.5 ⁇ 0.5 inches by 1 1.5 ⁇ 1 inch and weighed 2.4 ⁇ 0.3 grams.
• Each rectangular web sample was weighed to the nearest hundredth gram on a balance to give the Fabric Dry Weight.
• the web sample was placed flat upon the water surface for 5 ⁇ 2 seconds, then was removed from the water surface and was allowed to drip excess water for 5 ⁇ 2 seconds.
• the wetted, drained web sample was weighed again to the nearest 0.01 gram to give the Fabric Wet Weight.
• the Percent Wet Pickup was calculated using the formula:
• the absorbent side i.e., netting side
• the excess water was allowed to drip off from one corner of the pad for 30 ⁇ 2 seconds, still holding a corner of the pad with the smallest possible area.
• the sample was then weighed again.
• the percent water absorbency of the sample was then calculated using the formula:
• the hydrophilicity of the outside surface (side opposite the collector belt) of spunbond fabrics was measured using the following drop wetting test procedure.
• 10 drops of 0.9% aqueous NaCl having a temperature of 25 ⁇ 3°C and about 6-8 mm in diameter were gently placed on the fabric at least 8 mm apart. After 10 seconds, the number of drops that are completely absorbed from the surface of the nonwoven into the paper towel was recorded. Values provided in the examples are each an average of three such drop abso ⁇ tion trials.
• the materials of this invention were cut into 3.8 cm x 3.8 cm square samples and evaluated for antimicrobial activity according to the American Association of Textile and Color Chemists (AATCC) Test Method 100-1993, as published in the AATCC Technical Manual, 1997, pages 143-144. Modifications to the Test Method included the use of Tryptic Soy Broth as the nutrient broth and for all dilutions and Tryptic Soy Agar as the nutrient agar. Letheen Broth (VWR Scientific Products, Batavia, IL) was used as the neutralizing solution.
• Examples 1 to 7 were prepared using concentrations of GML varying from 1 to 4% by weight (based on polymer weight).
• Examples 8-13 were prepared using various monoglycerides of relatively high purity at 3% by weight.
• Comparative Example Cl was prepared using glycerol monostearate at 3% by weight.
• Comparative Examples C5 to C8 were prepared using less pure grades of glycerol monoesters.
• Comparative Examples C2 and C3 were prepared using different fluorochemical nonionic surfactants and Comparative Example C4 was prepared using a silicone surfactant.
• Comparative Examples C9 to C13 were prepared using various other hydrocarbon surfactants, including PEG di- and monoesters, an alkylphenol ethoxylate, an alcohol ethoxylate, and a phenoxy aryl alkylphenol ethoxylate. Comparative Examples C14 and C15 were prepared without a melt additive. It should be noted that Examples 8-10 and Comparative Example C15 were prepared using the same Melt-Blown Extrusion Procedure A outlined above, but at an extrusion temperature of 220°C instead of 255°C. A rating of hydrophilicity for each nonwoven web was determined using the Hydrophilicity Test. A description of the samples and their Hydrophilicity Test results are summarized in Table 2.
• Table 2 Also included in Table 2 is an analysis of weight percent monoglyceride, where applicable, for each additive.
• N/A means not applicable because material did not contain monoglyceride
• Cio, Ci2,Ci4 and C )6 carboxylic acids (HLB values of 8.3, 7.4, 6.3, 6.2, 5.3 and 4.5 respectively) also imparted improved wettability to nonwoven webs.
• materials containing monoglycerides derived from C i8 carboxylic acid provided only slightly better hot water wetting than the control.
• Examples 6 and 11 prepared from GML and GM-C12, which have glycerol monolaurate contents of 94 and 90.5% and calculated HLB values of 6.3 and 6.2, respectively
• Comparative Example C5 prepared with HS-1 having a glycerol monolaurate content of 44.5% and a calculated HLB value of 4.3.
• the samples shown in Examples 6 and 11 provided improved wettability over the control.
• the Comparative Example C5 sample did not. In part, this was attributable to the lower concentration of monoglyceride in the Comparative C5 sample.
• HLB value which accounts for both monoglyceride content and type of monoglyceride can be an excellent predictor of whether commercially available monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride and glycerol mixtures will function at the concentrations most desired for cost effectiveness and processability.
• the data show that additive materials containing monoglycerides and having HLB values of about 4.5 to 9.0 will improve wettability over the control.
• HS-5 and HS-6 which are mixtures of di- and mono-fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, did not significantly improve the wettability of nonwoven webs over the control.
• Example 30 and Comparative Example C24 were tested again according to the Hydrophilicity Test after aging for a total of about 7 months. Hot water values were 2 and 5, respectively, while cold water values were 5 and 5, respectively.
• Examples 70 to 72 compositions containing both GML and HS-1 (glycerol monolaurates of high and low purity, respectively) at various weight ratios were evaluated in polypropylene EOD 96-36 using Melt-Blown Extrusion Procedure A The Hydrophilicity Test was used to evaluate the wettability of each nonwoven web A description of the hydrocarbon surfactant compositions, their monoglyceride content. calculated HLB values and wettability data are presented in Table 9
• Comparative Examples C5 and C15 The fabrics were melted at 200°C in a platen press and then pressed with an applied force of ten tons for about 45 seconds. The samples were then allowed to air cool under the same pressure. The resulting films were all seven mils (0.3 mm) thick. A test was run to determine the anti-fog properties of the four sample films. The test was performed as follows: Firstly, four four-ounce glass jars were filled with warm water (approximately 30°C) to just below the neck. A silicone sealant (Cling n Seal RTV silicone adhesive/sealant) was applied to the top of the jar. Each film sample was placed on top of a jar to act as a lid.
• Example 76 This Example illustrates the preparation of an absorbent device according to the invention.
• a melt-blown nonwoven web of polypropylene was prepared from a polymer/monoester blend of Fina 3960X polypropylene and 3.0% by weight of GML using the Melt Blown Extrusion Process B, described herein.
• the resulting web (basis weight 130 g/m " ) was combined with cellulose pulp (basis weight 40 g/m " ) commercially available from International Tray Pads and Packaging, Inc. of Aberdeen, North Carolina as 7 ply Hibulk Paper Web using a process similar to that described in U.S. Patent No. 4, 100,324 (which disclosure is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein) to give a finished nonwoven absorbent web material.
• a three-layer absorbent device was then prepared by laminating together the above finished web material with a hquid-impermeable polypropylene backing sheet prepared according to the method described in U.S. Patent No 4,726,989 (Mrozinski), (Example 1 without the solvent extraction of the oil) on one side and a liquid-permeable non-stick netting (CKX215 P-S Netting, commercially available from Applied Extrusion Technologies, Middletown, Delaware) on the other side.
• the lamination was carried out using hexagonal honeycomb patterned rolls heated to 132°C and gapped at 0.12 to 0.25 mm. The dressing was observed to immediately absorb body-temperature water on the side with the non-stick netting.
• Examples 77 to 81 These Examples illustrate the antimicrobial activity of nonwoven webs used to prepare the absorbent devices.
• Melt-blown nonwoven webs were prepared using PP3505 polypropylene and various amounts of GML using a process similar to the Melt-Blown Extrusion Process B except with a flow rate of 0 45 Kg/hr and a temperature range of 250°C to 280°C
• the resulting web was further combined with cellulose pulp using a process and a material similar to that described in Example 76
• an aqueous solution of LA was sprayed onto the fibers to achieve a level of 1 5% (based on the total weight of the coated and dried web) The heat of the polymer evaporated the water and left the lactic acid intimately in contact with the GML-containing fibers
• the resulting webs were then evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the Antimicrobial Test and Staphvlococcus aureus
• concentrations of GML used to prepare the Examples, the web basis weights and the web antimicrobial activities are summarized in Table 1 1
• the antibacterial data in Table 1 1 are percent reductions in bacterial colony forming units (CFU) after a 24-hour exposure time at 23-24° C These data show that all test samples possessed bactericidal activity although the material treated with lactic acid after extrusion showed the greatest percent kill of S aureus
• melt-blown polypropylene nonwoven webs were prepared using PP3505 polypropylene and various amounts of GML using a process similar to the Melt-Blown Extrusion Process B. except that the monoester throughput rate was about 6.8 kg/hr and the die width was about 51 cm.
• Example 85 a melt-blown polypropylene nonwoven web was prepared using PP3746 polypropylene, 7.5% PB 0400 polybutylene, and 2.0% GML using a process similar to the Melt-Blown Extrusion Process B. except that the monoester throughput rate was about 9.1 kg/hr and the die width was about 51 cm.
• Example 86 a sample of the three-layer absorbent device prepared as generally described in Example 76 was employed.
• the nonwoven polypropylene web component was made using 3.0% GML and had a resulting basis weight of 130 g/m".
• the average dry weights of the individual components of a 7.62 cm x 7.62 cm sample of the device were 0.16 g (netting), 0.13 g (film backing), and 0.96 g (absorbent polypropylene/cellulose pulp core).
• Percent Water Absorbency 121 1 % based on dry weight of the device less the dry weight of netting and film components.
• Example 87 the extruded polymer mixture consisted of 93 5% 3155. 1 5% GML and 5% PB 0400
• Example 88 the extruded polymer mixture consisted of 88 5% 3155, 1 05% GML, 0 45% SPANTM 20 and 10% PB 0400
• Example 89 the extruded polymer mixture consisted of 86 2% 3155. 1 65% GML. 0 85% SPANTM 20 and 11 33% PB 0400

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=27384701

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (18)

Families Citing this family (576)