WO1991008517A1 - Process for treating silver halide photographic meterial and composition therefor - Google Patents

Process for treating silver halide photographic meterial and composition therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991008517A1
WO1991008517A1 PCT/JP1990/001574 JP9001574W WO9108517A1 WO 1991008517 A1 WO1991008517 A1 WO 1991008517A1 JP 9001574 W JP9001574 W JP 9001574W WO 9108517 A1 WO9108517 A1 WO 9108517A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
fixing
compound
silver halide
silver
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PCT/JP1990/001574
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tetsuro Kojima
Nobuo Watanabe
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP20443090A external-priority patent/JP2618743B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2206070A external-priority patent/JP2775518B2/ja
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
Priority to DE69032164T priority Critical patent/DE69032164T2/de
Priority to US07/741,426 priority patent/US5401621A/en
Priority to EP90917532A priority patent/EP0496887B1/en
Publication of WO1991008517A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991008517A1/ja

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/38Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/42Bleach-fixing or agents therefor ; Desilvering processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a processing method and a processing composition for a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, and more particularly to a processing method for a silver halide material having excellent desilvering properties and a processing composition thereof.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having a small thermostin of a sample and excellent in releasability, and a processing composition thereof.
  • the present invention relates to a method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material having a small amount of bleaching capri due to bleach-fixing and having excellent liquid stability, and a processing composition thereof.
  • the processing of a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprises a color developing process and a silver removing process.
  • Silver generated by development is oxidized with a bleaching agent and then dissolved with a fixing agent.
  • a bleaching agent a ferric (HI) ion complex salt (for example, an aminopolycarboxylic acid monoiron (1 โ‡ ) complex salt) is mainly used, and as a fixing agent, thiosulfate is usually used.
  • the processing of black-and-white photographic light-sensitive materials comprises a development process and a process of removing unexposed silver halide. Unlike the processing of color photographic light-sensitive materials, they are fixed without undergoing bleaching after development. Also in this case, thiosulfate is usually used as a fixing agent.
  • JP-A-1-201659 discloses that a mesoionic compound is used as a bleaching accelerator in a bleaching bath or a bleach-fixing bath. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-44355 discloses that a 1,2,4-triazolyl-13-thiolate compound is used as a fixing accelerator in a fixing bath. However, these patents do not describe the intended effects of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned bleaching agent and fixing agent are used in the same bath as a bleach-fixing bath in the processing of color printing paper from the viewpoint of speeding up.
  • the bleaching agent used here is usually iron (I) complex salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
  • oxidizing agents with higher oxidizing power higher redox potential
  • the problem of liquid stability is that thiosulfate undergoes oxidative deterioration and precipitates.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-44355 discloses that a 1,2,4, -triazorimu 3 -thiolate compound is added to a fixing bath as a fixing accelerator.
  • a mesoionic compound as a bleaching accelerator to a bleaching bath or a bleach-fixing bath.
  • these patents disclose a mesoionic compound as a fixing agent in a bleach-fixing bath as in the present invention.
  • the effect is often achieved with a small amount of use, and it also has a function such as removing substances adsorbed on silver halide (or silver).
  • the present invention cannot be easily inferred from the use amount and the role (function) of the present invention which are greatly different from those used as a fixing agent as in the present invention.
  • mesoionic compounds include U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,003-910, 4,675,276, 4,624,913, 4,631,253, and JP-A-62-217237. Nos. 64-3641, 60-144737, 62-253,161, 62-287, 239, 61-176, 920, 62-96, 943, JP-A-1-154, No. 056 is disclosed, all of which are added to a photographic light-sensitive material or added to a developing solution, and do not mention the intended effects of the present invention.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material which is excellent in desilvering property and which has a low thermostin of a sample after processing.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a processing method for providing a bleach-fix bath which has little bleaching capri and is excellent in liquid stability.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on a support after exposure.
  • Processing method for developing A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, characterized in that the bath having fixing ability comprises at least one mesone compound represented by the following general formula (I):
  • the first aspect of the present invention has been achieved.
  • X represents โ‡ or C 1
  • โ‡ and โ‡ represent โ‡ , S, N, N-R 2 or C 1 R 3
  • U represents 0, S or Nโ€”
  • โ‡ โ‡ represents 1 0 โ‡ , โ€” S โ‡ or 1 N R.
  • R, R z, R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different and represent "(TR ', T is
  • n Wath 0 or 1 Table.
  • R, R 'and R โ‡ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkynole group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or a heterocyclic group.
  • R, R 'and R is substituted with a carboxylic acid or sulfonate group.
  • X and U, Y and Z, and Z and U may be closed.
  • the โ€œbath having fixing abilityโ€ includes, for example, a fixing bath and a bleach-fixing bath.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide at least one bleach-fix bath.
  • a method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material characterized in that the method comprises a kind of methionine compound as a fixing agent, and substantially excludes other fixing agents (hereinafter referred to as a second embodiment of the present invention). ).
  • the meso-ion compounds used in the present invention are described in W. Baker and WD Ollis in a quarterly review (Quart. Rev.) 11.15 (1957), adduct-noise.
  • a group of compounds referred to in the Advances in Heterocycl is Chemistry 1911 (197b), which is a "5- or 6-membered heterocyclic compound with one covalent structural formula or polarity.
  • the compound cannot be satisfactorily represented by the structural formula, and is a compound that has a โ‡ -electron six pseudomole linked to all the atoms that make up the ring, and the ring has a partial positive charge, and the exocyclic atom or atomic group With the same negative charge above.
  • X represents, New or C one R, Y and Z represents 0, S, N, N- R z or C one R 3, U is 0, S or N-R 4 Represents
  • examples of the heterocycle formed by the combination of X, Y, Z, and U include, for example, imidazoliums, birazolides, oxazolidines, thiazolidines, torazolids, and tetrazolidiums. , Thiadiazolium, oxaziazoliums, thiatriazoliums, oxatriazoliums, etc. I can do it.
  • a โ‡ represents โ€” โ‡ e, โ€” S โ‡ or 1 N R.
  • R,, R, R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different and represent โ‡ T โ‡ Hr R ', where T is
  • R, R 'and may be the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n- Butyl group, t-butyl group, n-hexyl group, hydroxyethyl group, dimethylaminoethyl group, cyanoethyl group, carboxyshethyl group, carboxymethyl group, carboxypropyl group, 1,2-dicarboxyshethyl group A sulfoethyl group, a sulfopropyl group, a sulfobutyl group, a 2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl group), a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclo
  • R, R 'and R is a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof (eg, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, an ammonium salt) or a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof (eg, a sodium salt).
  • a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof eg, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, an ammonium salt
  • a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof eg, a sodium salt.
  • X and ', Y and Z, Z and U may be closed.
  • R, R 'and R โ€œhave a substituent other than the carboxylic acid group and the sulfonic acid group
  • substituent include, for example, a nitrogen atom, a halogen atom (eg, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom) , A mercapto group, a cyano group, an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methoxyl group), an alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a methoxyloxy group, a methylthioethoxy group), an alkyl group A ruthio group (for example, methylthio group, dimethylaminoethylthio group, methoxysylthio group), a sulfonyl group (for example, methansulfonyl group), a rubamoyl group (for example, unsubstituted rubamoyl group (for
  • the compound represented by the general formula (I) may form a salt (eg, acetate, nitrate, salicylate, hydrochloride, iodate, bromate).
  • a salt eg, acetate, nitrate, salicylate, hydrochloride, iodate, bromate.
  • A represents โ€”โ€”
  • X represents N or Cโ€”R
  • Y represents โ‡ , S, N or Nโ€”R z
  • Z represents N, โ€”R 2 or C-R 3 to represent
  • U is represent N-R 4.
  • T is preferably โ€”Nโ€”, one Cโ€”or a combination thereof, R โ€ฒ and! ? โ‡ is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
  • R โ€ฒ and R โ€ฒโ€ฒ is preferably an alcohol group substituted with a carboxylic acid group or a sulfonate group.
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R Represents the same or different, and represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • R 5 , R 7, R 8 and R 9 may be a hydrogen atom.
  • R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R! It is assumed that at least one alkyl group among 0 is substituted with at least one carboxylic acid group or sulfonic acid group.
  • reaction solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the extracted ethyl acetate layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then ethyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain the desired product 389, lg (yield). 89.3%).
  • Synthesis Example 1 The same method as in Synthesis Example 1 was carried out using methoxycarbonylmethylisothiosinate and 1-honolemil-1 1-methylhydrazine synthesized in the same manner as in (1) to obtain the desired mesoion. 4 One-carboxyl 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolimum 3 โ€”thiolate was synthesized. Melting point 231-232'C
  • the amount of compound of the present invention is used in a fixing bath or bleach-fixing baths 1 X 1 0 - 5 โ‡ 10 Moruno ยฃ are suitable, arbitrary 1 chi 10- 3 mol to 3 mol / a is preferable.
  • the halogen composition of the silver halide emulsion in the light-sensitive material to be processed is AgBrI (I โ‡ 2 mol%), it is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 2 mol /.
  • AgBr, AgBrCp or high silver chloride it is preferable to use 0.1 to 1 molno. You may use together a method compound.
  • the compound of the present invention may be used in combination with thiosulfate as described below.
  • the present inventors have studied various fixing agents other than thiosulfate in order to improve the fixing property.
  • meso-ion compounds it was found that those having a water-soluble group as a substituent showed a significant improvement in fixation.
  • the meso-ionic compound having the water-soluble substituent gave a better result with respect to the thermo-tin as compared with the compound having no water-soluble substituent.
  • Fixing agent substitution group improves not only desilvering property but also thermostin after processing It was unexpected.
  • thermostin reducing thermostin
  • concentrations in the bath 10_ 3-0 fixer concentration before bath. 5-fold is preferred.
  • M represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring composed of a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfate atom, or a selenium atom.
  • Q is โ€” โ‡ โ‡ , 1 S โ‡ or 1 N e โ€” Represents R โ‡ .
  • Examples of the 5-membered heterocyclic ring represented by M include imidazole, virazolium, oxazolium, thiazolium, triazolium, tetrazolium, and thiadiazolium. , Oxazia Zolium, thiatriazolium, oxatriazole, and the like.
  • RH represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (for example, methyl, ethynole, n-propynole, n-butyl, isopropyl, n-octynole, ethoxynorrebonylmethyl, dimethylamino) Ethynole), substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group (eg, cyclohexyl group, 4-methylinocyclohexyl group, cyclopentyl group, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl Group (eg, propenyl group, 2-methylpyridinyl group, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group (eg, propargyl group, butulyl group, 1-methylpropargyl group, etc.), substitution A substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group (eg, benzyl group, 4-methoxybenzy
  • the heterocyclic ring represented by M may be a nitro group, a halogen atom (eg, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom), a mercapto group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group ( For example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a t-butyl group, a methoxyethyl group, a methylthioethyl group, a dimethylaminoethyl group, a morpholinethyl group, a methylthiomethyl group, a methyl group Xyethyl, xyethyl, trimethylammonioethyl, cyanoethyl, phosphonomethyl, phosphonoethyl, aryl (e.g., phenyl, 4-Methanesulfonamide group, 4-Methylphenyl group,
  • unsubstituted Group unsubstituted Group, methylthioperido group, methoxethylthioperido group), sulfamoylamino group (for example, unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, dimethylsulfamoylamino group), and acyl group (for example, acetyl group) Benzoyl group, 4-methoxybenzoyl group, thioacyl group (eg, thioacetyl group), heterocyclic group (eg, 1-morpholino group, 1-vinylidino group, 2-pyridyl group, 4- Viridyl group, 2-Chenyl group, 1-Bilazolyl group, 1-Imidazolyl group, 2-Tetrahydric furyl group, Tetrahydrochenyl group, oxycarbol group (for example, Toxicarbonyl group, phenoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl group, methylthioethoxycarbony
  • the compound represented by the general formula (m) may form a salt (eg, acid salt, nitrate, salicylate, hydrochloride, iodate, bromate).
  • a salt eg, acid salt, nitrate, salicylate, hydrochloride, iodate, bromate.
  • โ‡ and โ‡ represent โ€”.
  • X represents N or C one R 13
  • Y is 0,
  • S represents N or N-R 14
  • Z represents N, N-R 15 or C _ R 16.
  • R 12 , Ris. Ri 4 R 15 and R 16 are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aranolalkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an amino group, an acylamino group. , A sulfonamide group, a ureido group, a sulfamoylamino group, an acyl group, a thioacyl group, a carbamoyl group or a thiocarbamoyl group.
  • R 13 and R 16 may be a hydrogen atom.
  • R 1 2 d R 3 1 โ‡ 12 and 15, 12 โ‡ RI 6 R l4 and R l 5, and F โ‡ 14 and R 16 may form a ring.
  • the compound represented by the general formula (IV) will be described in detail.
  • R 12 , R 13 , R... R 15 and R 15 are a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a t-butyl group, a methoxyl group, Methylthioethyl, dimethylaminoethyl, morpholinoethyl, dimethylaminoethylthioethyl, aminoethyl, methylthiomethyl, trimethylammonioethyl, phosphonomethyl, phosphono An ethyl group), a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group (for example, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentynole group, a 2-methylcyclohexyl group), a substituted or unsubstituted group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group (eg,
  • Formula (IV) in preferably Ku is X, is N, C- R 13 represents, Y! Represents N-R, 4 or S, 0, Z is N or C- a R 16 Table eagle, R 12 , R 13 or R 16 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group. Represents. However, R 13 and R 16 may be a hydrogen atom.
  • R 14 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted An unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thioacyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted thioalkavayl group are preferred.
  • the compound represented by the above general formula (BI) or (IV) of the present invention is a compound described in J. Heterocyclic Chera. 2_. 105 (1965) J. Org. Chem. 32, 2245 (1967), Journal of Ob. Chemical, J. Chem. Soc. ) 3799 (1969), Journal 'Ob' America โ‡ Chemical 'So' Sci. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.) 80 1895 (1958), Chemical. Commun.) 1222 (1971), Tetrahedron Lett. 2939 (1972), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
  • the phrase โ€œhas substantially no other fixing agentโ€ specifically refers to another fixing agent.
  • the compound of the present invention can effectively function as a fixing agent by substantially preventing the other fixing agents from being owned, for example, by substantially preventing the commonly used thiosulfate from being substantially owned. What we were able to achieve was unexpected.
  • the amount of the compound of the present invention used in the bleach-fix bath is an amount capable of functioning as a fixing agent, for example, 1 part: โ‡ morno. 1. 5 X10- 1 or more mole Z are preferred, more preferably at least 2 X10- 1 mole Z โ‡ , 2 X10 - 1 โ‡ 3 mol / i particularly good preferable.
  • the halogen composition of the silver halide emulsion in the light-sensitive material to be processed is AgBrI (I โ‡ 1 mol% or more, preferably 3 to 15 mol%), 0.5 to 2 mol / l It is preferably used at ยฃ, more preferably 1.2 to 2 mol / ยฃ.
  • the composition of the hagogen is AgBr, AgBrCp or high silver chloride (AgCp โ‡ 80 mol% In the above case), it is preferable to use 0.2 to 0.9 molno, more preferably 0.4 to 0.9 molno.
  • the former is the case of the normal amount of coated silver is relatively large (e.g., 2 to 10 g Zm z) shooting photosensitive material, the latter is relatively not small, usually silver coverage (e.g. 0. 4 โ‡ 0. 9g Znt 2 ) This is the case for photosensitive materials for printing.
  • improvement of the liquid stability of each processing bath has been desired.
  • a problem with the stability of the bleach-fixing bath and the subsequent rinsing bath is the precipitation of sulfides resulting from the oxidative degradation of the thiosulfate used as the fixing agent.
  • the reason why the problem also occurs in the washing bath is that the bleach-fixing solution is brought into the washing bath during processing.
  • Sulfite is usually used as an antioxidant to prevent this precipitation.However, when replenishment is low, simply increasing the amount of sulfite used no longer causes solubility problems or oxidization of sulfite. Problems such as the formation of sodium sulfate precipitates are becoming increasingly unsolvable.
  • the present inventors have studied various fixing agents having excellent oxidation stability in place of thiosulfate.As a result, the mesoion compound has fixing ability, is stable against oxidation, and precipitates even when the replenishing amount is small. It was also found that the bleaching capri was smaller than that of thiosulfate, and good results were obtained, especially in a bleach-fix solution combined with a high potential oxidizing agent.
  • the reason that the meso-ionic compound has excellent oxidation resistance and good fixability is that the S-group and the P-group bonded to the aromatic ring are stable to oxidation. , Or one SO group,
  • the structure is such that the charge of the N โ‡ R group etc. is not neutralized by tautomerism, so it may have high affinity with silver. I don't know for sure.
  • bleached capri is expected to decrease the amount of the main drug remaining in the film after treatment, and it is currently being broken.
  • the addition of the compound of the present invention to a washing bath or a stabilizing bath is also effective and effective for preventing precipitation of the washing bath.
  • the silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention at least one of a blue-sensitive layer, a green-sensitive layer, and a red-sensitive layer is provided on a support.
  • the number and the order of the silver halide emulsion layer and the non-photosensitive layer are not particularly limited.
  • a typical example is a halide having at least one light-sensitive layer comprising a plurality of silver halide emulsion layers having substantially the same color sensitivity but different sensitivities on a support.
  • a silver photographic light-sensitive material, wherein the light-sensitive layer is a unit light-sensitive layer having color sensitivity to any of blue light, green light, and red light.
  • the photosensitive layers are arranged in this order from the support side in the order of the red-sensitive layer, the โ‡ -sensitive layer, and the blue-sensitive layer.
  • the above-mentioned order of installation may be reversed, or the order of installation may be such that different photosensitive layers are sandwiched between the same color-sensitive layers.
  • Non-photosensitive layers such as various intermediate layers may be provided between the silver halide light-sensitive layers and as the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer.
  • the intermediate layer includes JP-A-61-43748, JP-A-59-113438, and JP-A-59-113438. It may contain couplers, DIR compounds, etc. as described in the specifications of 113440, 61-20037 and 61-20038, and may be provided with a color mixing inhibitor as usual. Good.
  • a plurality of silver halide emulsion layers constituting each unit photosensitive layer are composed of a high-speed emulsion layer and a low-speed emulsion layer.
  • the layer configuration can be used favorably.
  • a low-sensitivity emulsion layer and a support are provided on the side away from the support.
  • a high sensitivity emulsion layer may be provided on the near side.
  • a low-sensitivity blue-sensitive layer (BL), a high-sensitivity blue-sensitive layer (BH), a high-sensitivity-sensitive layer (GH), and a low-sensitivity green-sensitive layer (GL)
  • BL low-sensitivity blue-sensitive layer
  • BH high-sensitivity blue-sensitive layer
  • GH high-sensitivity-sensitive layer
  • GL low-sensitivity green-sensitive layer
  • RH High-sensitivity red-sensitive layer
  • RL Low-sensitivity red-sensitive layer
  • the layers may be arranged in the order of blue-sensitive layer / * GHNORHZGLLZRL from the farthest side from the support.
  • the blue-sensitive layers ZGL, RRL, ZZ, and HZRH can be arranged in this order from the side farthest from the support.
  • Layer / high-speed emulsion layer Z may be arranged in the order of low-speed emulsion layer.
  • the preferred silver halide contained in the photographic emulsion layer contains about 30 mol% or less of silver iodide.
  • Silver iodobromide, silver iodochloride, or silver iodochlorobromide Particularly preferred is silver iodobromide or silver iodochlorobromide containing from about 2 mol% to about 25 mol% of silver iodide.
  • the silver halide contained in the photographic emulsion layer may be silver chlorobromide which does not substantially contain silver iodide. Is preferably made of silver chloride.
  • substantially not containing silver iodide means that the silver iodide content is 1 mol% or less, preferably 0.2 mol% or less.
  • any silver halide and silver chloride can be used. Although this ratio can vary widely depending on the purpose, a silver chloride ratio of 2 mol% or more can be preferably used.
  • a so-called high silver chloride emulsion having a high silver chloride content is preferably used.
  • the silver chloride content of these high silver chloride emulsions is preferably at least 90 mol%, more preferably at least 95 mol%.
  • an almost pure silver chloride emulsion having a silver chloride content of 98 to 99.9 mol% is also preferably used.
  • the silver halide grains in the photographic emulsion layer include those having regular crystals such as cubic, octahedral, and tetrahedral, those having irregular crystalline forms such as spherical and tabular, and twin planes. It may have a crystal defect or a composite form thereof.
  • the silver halide may be fine grains having a grain size of about 0.2 or less, large-sized grains having a projected area diameter of up to about 10, and may be a polydisperse emulsion or a monodisperse emulsion.
  • Silver halide photographic emulsions usable in the present invention include, for example, Research Disclosure (hereinafter referred to as RD) No. 17643 (December 1978), pp. 22-23, โ€œI. Emulsion Production (Emulsion preparation and types) ", and No. 18716 (November 1979), p. 648," Physics and Chemistry of Photography โ€œby Grafkid, published by Paul Montel (P. Glaf ki des, Chera icet Phisique Pho tograph) ique, Paul Hontel, 1967), Duffin's "Emulsion Chemistryโ€, published by Focal Press (GF Duff in, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry (Focal)
  • Tabular grains having an aspect ratio of about 5 or more can also be used in the present invention. Tabular grains are written by Gatov, Gutoff, Photograph Science and Engineering, brother 14 248-2 โ‡ /
  • the crystal structure may be uniform, the inside and the outside may be composed of different halogen compositions, or may have a layered structure, and silver halides having different compositions are joined by ebitaxial junction. It may be bonded to a compound other than silver halide such as silver rhodan or lead oxide.
  • the โ‡ -gen silver emulsion is usually used after physical ripening, chemical sensitization and spectral sensitization.
  • various polyvalent metal ion impurities cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, thallium, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, nodium radium, osmium, Salts such as iridium and platinum or complex salts
  • Compounds used for chemical sensitization include those described in JP-A-62-215272, page 18, lower right column to page 22, upper right column.
  • the additives used in such a process are described in RD No. 17643 and RD No. 18716, and the relevant parts are summarized in the table below.
  • Known photographic additives that can be used in the present invention are also described in the above two RDs, and are described in the following table. Location.
  • a compound capable of being immobilized by reacting with formaldehyde described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,411,987 and 4,435,503 is used. It is preferable to add to Various color foggers can be used for the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention, and specific examples are described in the patents described in the above-mentioned RD No. 17643, WCG.
  • magenta coupler 5-birazolone-based and birazoloazole-based compounds are preferred, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,310,619 and 4,351,897, EP 73,636, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,432, 3,725,064, RDNa24220 (June 1984), JP-A-60-33552, RDNo.24230 (June 1984), JP-A-60-43659, 61 -72238, 60-35730, 55-118034, 60-185951, U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,500,630, 4,540,654, 4,556,630,
  • Examples of cyan couplers include phenol-based and naphthol-based power blurs.
  • a force brush that releases a photographically useful residue with the force ring can also be preferably used in the present invention.
  • DIR couplers that release development inhibitors are described in R D 17643, V! Patents described in paragraphs (A) to (F), JP-A-57-151944, JP-A-57-154234, JP-A-60-184248, JP-A-63-37346, U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,248,962, and 4,782,012 The one described in the item is preferred.
  • the coupler used in the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention can be introduced into the light-sensitive material by various known dispersion methods.
  • high-boiling organic solvents having a boiling point at normal pressure of 175 or more used in the oil-in-water dispersion method include phthalic acid esters (dibutyl phthalate). , Dicyclohexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylethylhexyl phthalate, desyl phthalate, bis (2,4-di-t-amylphenyl) phthalate, bis (2,4-di-1) t-Milphenyl) isophthalate, bis (1,1-ethylpropyl) phthalate, etc., and esters of phosphoric acid or phosphonic acid (triphenyl phosphate, Recyclyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate, tricyclohexylphosphate, tri2-ethylhexylphosphate, tridodecylphosphate, tributane Shetyl phosphat
  • Organic solvents having a boiling point of about 30 ยฐ C or more, preferably 50 ยฐ C or more and about 160 ยฐ C or less can be used as the scavenger solvent. Typical examples thereof include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and butyl acetate. Ethyl propionate, methylethyl ketone, cyclopihexanone, 2-ethoxyhexyl acetate, dimethylformamide, and the like.
  • a homopolymer or a copolymer described on pages 12 to 30 of International Publication No. W088 / 00723 is used.
  • acrylic polymers is preferred in terms of stabilizing the color image.
  • the present invention can be applied to various types of photosensitive materials.
  • General purpose or movie power Ranega film, slide or TV color reversal film, color paper, direct positive color light sensitive material, color boji film and Color reversal paper is a typical example.
  • Suitable supports that can be used in the present invention are described, for example, in the aforementioned RD. No. 17643, page 28, and in the same RD. No. 18716, page 647, right column to page 648, left column.
  • the total thickness of all hydrophilic colloid layers on the side having the emulsion layer is 25 or less, preferably 20 or less, and the film swelling speed T 1/2 is 30 seconds or less ( (Preferably 15 seconds or less).
  • the film thickness means a film thickness measured under a humidity control of 25% at a relative humidity of 55% (2 days), and the film swelling rate T1 / 2 can be measured according to a method known in the art. For example, A. Green et al., Photogr. Sci. Eng., Vol. 19, No. 2, Photographing 'Science' and Engineering. Use a swellometer of the type described on pages 124-129. T 1/2 is 30% of the color developing solution, and 90% of the maximum swollen film thickness reached when processed for 0.1 min 15 seconds is the saturated film thickness, and reaches this film thickness of 1/2 Is defined as the time to
  • the film swelling rate โ‡ 1/2 can be adjusted by adding a hardening agent to gelatin as a binder or by changing the aging conditions after coating.
  • the swelling ratio is preferably 150 to 400%.
  • the swelling ratio can be calculated from the maximum swelling film thickness under the conditions described above according to the following formula:
  • the color photographic light-sensitive material described above should be developed by the usual method described in the aforementioned RD No. 17643, pp. 28-29, and RD No. 18716, 615 left-right column. Can be.
  • the color developing solution used for developing the photosensitive material is preferably an alkaline solution containing an aromatic primary amine color developing agent as a main component.
  • Aminophenol compounds are also useful as the color developing agent, but P-phenylenediamine compounds are preferably used.
  • a typical example thereof is 3-methyl-141-amino-N , N-Jetylaniline, 3โ€”Methyl-4 N-Amino Nโ€”Ethyl Nโ€” / 5โ€”Hydroxyshetyl Ayurin, 3โ€”Methyl-1 4โ€”Amino Nโ€”Ethyl-N โ€” 9-Methanesulfonamidoethylaniline, 3โ€”Methyl- 4โ€”Amino-Nโ€”Ethyl-Metoxysheylaniline and their sulfates, hydrochlorides or pโ€”Toluenesulfonates And the like. These compounds can be used in combination of two or more depending on the purpose.
  • the color developer is a pH buffer such as alkali metal carbonate, borate or phosphate, bromide, iodide, benzimi It is common to include development inhibitors or antifoggants such as dazoles, benzothiazoles or mercapto compounds.
  • benzyl alcohol is a pollutant, liquid preparation, and color pollution prevention Therefore, it is better not to build a house.
  • substantially means less than or equal to 2 (preferably, not at all) per color developer.
  • the black-and-white developer includes dihydroxybenzenes such as hydroquinone, 3-villazolidones such as 1-phenyl-3-virazolidone or aminofuynols such as N-methyl-p-aminophenol.
  • dihydroxybenzenes such as hydroquinone, 3-villazolidones such as 1-phenyl-3-virazolidone or aminofuynols such as N-methyl-p-aminophenol.
  • Known black-and-white developing agents can be used alone or in combination.
  • the pH of these color developing solutions and black-and-white developing solutions is generally 9 to 12.
  • the amount of replenishment of these developing solutions depends on the type of photographic material to be processed, but is generally less than 3 ยฃ per square meter of the photographic material, and it is necessary to reduce the bromide ion concentration in the replenishing solution. It can be reduced to 500 or less.
  • a so-called high silver chloride photosensitive material when a so-called high silver chloride photosensitive material is used, by lowering bromine ions in the color developing solution and increasing the amount of chloride ions, photographic properties and processing properties are excellent, and fluctuations in photographic properties are suppressed. Especially preferred because it can do this.
  • the amount of replenishment can be reduced to about 20 โ‡ per square meter of the light-sensitive material at which the overflow in the color developing bath is substantially eliminated.
  • the replenishment rate is reduced, it is preferable to prevent evaporation of the liquid and air oxidation by reducing the contact area of the processing tank with air. Further, the replenishing amount can be reduced by using means for suppressing the accumulation of bromide ion in the developer.
  • the processing temperature of the color developing solution of the present invention is from 20 to 50, preferably from 30 to 50. โ‡ 45.
  • the processing time is 20 seconds to 5 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 3 minutes.However, the processing time can be further reduced by using a high temperature and high pH and using a high concentration of a color developing agent. .
  • the photographic emulsion layer after color development is usually bleached.
  • the bleaching process may be performed simultaneously with the fixing process (bleach-fixing process), or may be performed separately.
  • the bleaching process is performed.
  • fixing are performed simultaneously (bleach-fixing process).
  • a processing method of performing a bleach-fixing process after the bleaching process may be used. Further, processing in a continuous bleach-fixing bath in two tanks, fixing before bleach-fixing, or bleaching after bleach-fixing can be arbitrarily performed according to the purpose.
  • bleaching agent examples include compounds of polyvalent metals such as iron (m), cobalt (I), chromium (IV), and copper ( โ‡ ), peracids, quinones, and two-port compounds.
  • Typical bleaching agents are: fluorinated compounds; bichromates; organic salts of iron (DI) or cobalt (IE), such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentoxide, cyclopentane Aminopolycarboxylic acids such as hexanediaminetetraacetic acid, methyliminoni acid, 1,3-diaminobutanepanacetic acid, glycol etherdiamintetraacetic acid, etc.
  • Iron aminodicarboxylate (DI) complex salts such as iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (m) complex salt and persulfate are preferable from the viewpoint of rapid treatment and prevention of environmental pollution.
  • iron (II) complex salt of amino borohydride can be bleach-fixed in bleaching solution. It is also particularly useful in liquids.
  • a so-called high-potential oxidizing agent having an oxidation-reduction potential of 150 mV or more, preferably 180 mV or more, more preferably 200 mV or more is preferable.
  • the oxidation-reduction potential of the oxidizing agent in the above can be determined by the method described in Transactions of the Faraday Society (Transactions of the Faraday Society). 55 (1959), 1312-1313. Is defined as the oxidation-reduction potential obtained by the measurement.
  • the oxidation-reduction potential in this case was obtained by the above-described method under the condition of PH 6.0.
  • the reason why the potential obtained at pH 6.0 is employed is that the vicinity of pH 6.0 is a measure of the occurrence of bleaching capri.
  • iron (III) aminopolycarboxylate complex salt examples include sodium, potassium, ammonium, etc., but ammonium salt is preferred in terms of fastest bleaching.
  • the pH of the bleaching solution or bleach-fixing solution using these aminopolycarboxylate iron (M) complex salts is usually 5.5 to 8, but a lower pH can be used to speed up the processing. .
  • a bleaching accelerator can be used in the bleaching solution, the bleach-fixing solution and their prebaths, if necessary.
  • Specific examples of useful bleach accelerators are described in the following specification.
  • the bleach-fixing solution of the present invention includes known additives such as rehalogenating agents such as ammonium bromide and ammonium chloride, PH buffering agents such as ammonium nitrate, and gold corrosion inhibitors such as ammonium sulfate. Additives can be added. '
  • a known fixing agent may be used in addition to the compounds of the general formulas (I) and (II) of the present invention.
  • the fixing agent include thiosulfates, thiocyanates, thioether compounds, thioureas, and iodide salts of thioureas.
  • thiosulfates are generally used.
  • Ammonium sulfate is preferred in terms of solubility and fixing speed, and other fixing It may be used in combination with an agent.
  • the fixing solution may contain an aminoboronic acid or an organic phosphonic acid-based chelating agent (preferably, 1-hydroxyshethylidene-1,1,1-diphosphonic acid and N, N, N). ', N' monoethylene diamine tetraphosphonic acid).
  • the fixing solution may further contain various types of fluorescent whitening agents, antifoaming agents, surfactants, polybulbyllidone, methanol, and the like.
  • stirring of each processing solution in the desilvering step is enhanced as much as possible from the viewpoint of shortening the desilvering processing time.
  • stirring means include the methods described in JP-A-62-183460 and JP-A-62-183461.In the case of means for impinging a jet, the time until the collision is that the photosensitive material is treated with the processing solution. Preferably within 15 seconds of being introduced to the
  • the crossover time from the color developing solution to the bleaching solution improves the bleaching capri and the stain adhesion on the photosensitive material surface. From the viewpoint, it is preferable that the time is within 10 seconds.
  • the one-hour crossover from the bleaching solution of the present invention to the processing solution having a fixing ability is preferably within 10 seconds from the viewpoint of improving poor recoloring of the cyan dye.
  • the replenishing amount of the fixing solution, the photographic color light-sensitive material e.g., coated silver amount 4 to 12 g Zm z
  • replenishment of bleach-fixing solution The quantity should be less than 60 ffie Zm 2 Good.
  • a sulfite, a bisulfite, a carbonyl bisulfite adduct, or a sulfinic acid compound may be added.
  • aminoborierubonic acids and organic phosphonic acid chelating agents preferably, 1-hydroxyshethylidene-1,1,1-diphosphonic acid and N, N, N โ€ฒ , N'-ethylenediaminetetraphosphonic acid.
  • the bleach-fixing solution can further contain various fluorescent whitening agents, antifoaming agents, surfactants, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methanol, and the like.
  • each processing solution in the desilvering step is strengthened as much as possible from the viewpoint of shortening the desilvering processing time.
  • stirring means include the methods described in JP-A-62-183460 and JP-A-62-183461.In the case of means for impinging a jet stream, the time until the impact is that the photosensitive material is treated with the processing solution. It is preferable to do this within 15 seconds after entering the II.
  • the crossover from the color developing solution to the bleach-fixing solution for one hour is improved in terms of bleach capri and contamination of the photosensitive material surface. It is preferable that the time is within 10 seconds.
  • the replenishing amount of bleach-fixing solution, the photographic color light-sensitive materials (e.g., coated silver amount 4 โ‡ ; 12 g Z m 2 ) rather then preferable is 800 _ m 2 hereinafter in the case of, mosquito In the case of color photographic paper, it is preferably 60 Zm 2 or less.
  • the silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material used in the present invention generally undergoes water washing and Z or stabilization steps after desilvering. The amount of water to be washed in the washing process depends on the characteristics of the photosensitive material (for example, the materials used such as couplers), the intended use, the aqueous water temperature, the number of washing tanks (number of stages), and the replenishment method such as countercurrent and forward flow, and various other factors.
  • the amount of washing water can be greatly reduced, but bacteria increase due to the increase in the residence time of water in the tank, and the generated suspended matter adheres to the photosensitive material. And other problems.
  • the method of reducing Ca ions and Mg ions described in JP-A-62-288838 is extremely effectively used. be able to.
  • chlorinated bactericides such as isothiazo pyridine compounds diabendazoles and sodium chlorinated sodium diisocyanoate described in JP-A-57-8542, and other benzotriazoles, etc., written by Hiroshi Horiguchi Use the bactericides described in "The Chemistry of Bactericidal and Fungicides", edited by the Sanitary Technology Society, โ€œMicrobial Sterilization, Sterilization, and Inhibition Techniques", and the Japan Society of Bacteriological Protection and Prevention, "Encyclopedia of Bacterial and Inhibitorsโ€. Can also.
  • the pH of the washing water in the processing of the light-sensitive material of the present invention is from 4 to 9, and preferably from 5 to 8.
  • the washing temperature and washing time can also be variously set depending on the characteristics of the photosensitive material, the use, etc., but generally 15 to 45 to 20 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 25 to 40 to 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Select range Is done.
  • the light-sensitive material of the present invention can be processed directly with a stabilizing solution instead of the above-mentioned water washing. In such a stabilization treatment, any of the known methods described in JP-A-57-8543, JP-A-58-14834, and JP-A-60-220345 can be used.
  • the stabilization process may be further performed after the water washing process.
  • formalin, hexamethylene tetramine, a formalin used as a final bath of a photographic light-sensitive material may be used.
  • stabilizing baths having a dye stabilizing agent represented by oxahydridotriazine and an N-methylol compound. If necessary, this stabilizing bath also contains ammonium compounds, metal compounds such as Bi and A ยฃ, fluorescent whitening agents, various chelating agents, membrane pH regulators, hardening agents, bactericides, and antioxidants.
  • an alkanolamine or a surfactant preferably silicone
  • Water used in the water washing or stabilization process is tap water, and ion-exchange resin is used to reduce the Ca ion and Mg ion concentration to 5 โ‡ ยฃ or less. It is preferable to use treated water or water that has been sterilized by a halogen or UV germicidal lamp.
  • the replenishment amount of the above washing and stabilizing solution is 1 to 50 times, preferably 2 to 30 times, more preferably 2 to 15 times the amount brought in from the previous bath per unit area of the photosensitive material.
  • the overflow solution accompanying this replenishment can be reused in the desilvering step and other steps.
  • the silver halide color light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention may contain a color developing agent for the purpose of simplifying and speeding up the processing.
  • a color developing agent for the purpose of simplifying and speeding up the processing.
  • a color developing agent for example, the indoor lily described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,342,597 Compounds, Schiff base-type compounds described in 3,342,599, RD RD โ‡ 14,850 and 15,159, aldol compounds described in 13,924, U.S. Pat.No.3,719,492 And the urethane compounds described in JP-A-53-135628.
  • the silver halide color light-sensitive material processed in the present invention may contain various 1-phenyl-3-virazolidones for the purpose of accelerating color development, if necessary.
  • Typical compounds are described in JP-A-56-64339, JP-A-57-144547, and JP-A-58-115438.
  • the various processing solutions used in the present invention are used at 10 ยฐ C. (: up to 50 ยฐ C. Usually, a temperature of 33 to 38 ยฐ C. is standard. However, a higher temperature is used to accelerate the processing and shorten the processing time. In addition, it is possible to improve the image quality and the stability of the processing solution by lowering the temperature to lower temperature, and also to save the silver of the photosensitive material by West German Patent No. 2,226,770 or US Pat. , 499, may be performed using cobalt intensification or hydrogen peroxide intensification.
  • One example of a silver halide color light-sensitive material is one using direct positive silver halide. The processing using this photosensitive material will be described below.
  • a surface of PH 11.5 or less containing an aromatic primary amine color developer after imagewise exposure of silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material, or after or while fogging with light or a nucleating agent It is also preferable to directly form a positive color image by performing color development, bleaching and fixing with a developer. More preferably, the pH of this developer is in the range of 11.0 to 10.0.
  • the fogging treatment in the present invention includes a method of applying a second exposure to the entire surface of a photosensitive layer called a so-called โ€œlight fogging methodโ€ and a method of developing in the presence of a nucleating agent called a โ€œchemical fogging methodโ€ Either of these may be used. Development may be performed in the presence of a nucleating agent and fog light. Further, a light-sensitive material having a nucleating agent may be overexposed.
  • the light fogging method is described in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application No. 61-253716, page 47, line 4 to page 49, line 5, and the nucleating agent that can be used in the present invention is described in the specification. It is described on page 49, line 6 to page 67, line 2, and the use of compounds represented by the general formulas [N-1] and [N-2] is particularly preferred. Specific examples thereof include [N-I-1] to [N-I-10] described on pages 56 to 58 of the same specification and [N- โ‡ -] described on pages 63 to 66 of the same specification. 1] to [Nโ€”Dโ€”12] are preferred.
  • nucleation promoter used in the present invention is described on page 68, line 11 to page III, line 3 of the same specification, and specific examples thereof are described on page 69 to page 70 of the same specification.
  • the use of (A-1) to (A-13) is preferred.
  • the color developing solution used in the development processing of the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention is described on page 71 โ‡ line to page 72, line 9 in the same specification, and in particular, aromatic primary amines
  • a p-phenylenediamine-based compound is preferable, and a typical example thereof is 3-methyl-1-amino-N-ethyl-Nโ€” ( โ‡ -methansulfo N-amidoethyl) anilin, 3โ€”methyl 4-amino-ethyl- โ‡ โ€” ( โ‡ Hydroxy Shechinore) anilin, 3โ€”methyl 4โ€”amino-ethyl โ‡ โ€” Metoki Shechilla Urine and salts thereof such as sulfates and hydrochlorides can be mentioned.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a silver halide black-and-white photographic light-sensitive material.
  • the light-sensitive material and the processing thereof will be described in detail below.
  • the halogen composition of the silver halide emulsion used in the present invention there is no particular limitation on the halogen composition of the silver halide emulsion used in the present invention, and any composition such as silver chloride, silver chlorobromide, silver iodobromide, silver bromide, and silver iodobromide can be used. Although good, the amount of silver iodide is preferably 10 mol% or less, particularly preferably 5 mol% or less.
  • the silver halide grains in the photographic emulsion layer used in the present invention may have a relatively wide grain size distribution, but preferably have a narrow grain size distribution.
  • the particle size, which accounts for 90% of the total, is within โ‡ 40% of the average particle size.
  • the average grain size of the silver halide used is preferably a fine grain (for example, 0.7 or less), and particularly preferably a grain size of 0.7 or less. 5 or less is preferred.
  • the particle size distribution is basically not limited, but is preferably monodisperse.
  • the term โ€œmonodisperseโ€ as used herein means that at least 95% by weight or number of particles is composed of particles having a size within 40% of the average particle size: t.
  • the silver halide grains in the photographic emulsion may have regular (regular) crystals such as cubic, octahedral, rhomboid, and tetrahedral, and irregular shapes such as spherical and tabular. Are those that have a characteristic (i rr e gu l ar) crystal or those that have a complex form of these crystal forms You can use it.
  • the silver halide grains may be composed of a uniform phase in the inside and the surface layer, or different phases.
  • the silver halide emulsion used in the present invention may be prepared by the following methods during formation or physical ripening of silver halide grains: potassium salt, sulfite, lead salt, thallium salt, rhodium salt, or a complex salt thereof, A didium salt or a complex salt thereof may coexist.
  • the silver halide used in the present invention per mol of silver 10- B โ‡ 10- 5 molar Lee Li indium salts are prepared Wakashi Ku is the presence of a complex salt thereof, and silver iodide content of the grain surface Is silver halo iodide having a grain average silver iodide content higher than that of silver iodide.
  • the use of an emulsion containing such a silver haloiodide provides photographic characteristics with higher sensitivity and higher gamma.
  • the silver halide emulsion used in the method of the present invention may not be chemically sensitized, but may be chemically sensitized.
  • chemical sensitization of silver halide emulsions sulfur sensitization, reduction sensitization and noble metal sensitization are known, and any of these methods can be used alone or in combination with chemical sensitization. You may.
  • the gold sensitization method is a typical one of the noble metal sensitization methods, and uses a gold compound, mainly a gold complex salt.
  • Complex salts such as precious metals other than gold, for example, platinum, platinum, rhodium, rhodium, etc., can be used. Examples are given in U.S. Pat. No. 2,448,060 and British Patent No. 618,016.
  • sulfur sensitizer various sulfur compounds such as thiosulfates, thioureas, thiazoles, rhodanines and the like can be used in addition to the sulfur compounds contained in gelatin. In the above, it is preferable to use a iridium salt or a rhodium salt at the time of grain formation, especially before the completion of physical ripening in the production process of the silver halide emulsion.
  • the silver halide emulsion layer may contain two types of monodisperse emulsions having different average grain sizes as disclosed in JP-A-61-223734 and JP-A-62-90646. It is preferable in terms of the highest density (Dmax), and the small-sized monodispersed particles are preferably chemically sensitized, and the method of chemical sensitization is most preferably sulfur sensitization.
  • the large-size monodisperse emulsion may not be chemically sensitized, but may be chemically sensitized. Generally, large-sized monodispersed particles are not subjected to chemical sensitization because black spots are easily generated. However, it is particularly preferable to apply the chemical sensitization so shallow that black spots are not generated.
  • โ‡ shallow application '' refers to shortening the time required for chemical sensitization compared to chemical sensitization of small-sized grains, lowering the temperature, or reducing the amount of chemical sensitizer added.
  • the difference in sensitivity between the large-size monodispersed emulsion and the small-sized monodispersed emulsion is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 1.0 as AlogE, more preferably 0.2 to 0.7. Yes, the larger the large size monodispersed emulsion, the better.
  • the average particle size of the small-sized monodispersed grains is 90% or less, preferably 80% or less, of the average size of the large-sized silver halide monodispersed grains.
  • the average grain size of the silver halide emulsion grains is preferably 0.02; to 1.0 // more preferably 0.1 to 0.5, and the average grain size of large and small monodispersed grains falls within this range. It is preferable that the house is located.
  • the coated silver amount of the small-sized monodispersed emulsion is Is preferably 40 to 90% by weight, more preferably 50 to 80% by weight, based on the amount of phase-coated silver.
  • a single dispersion emulsion having a different grain size may be introduced into the same emulsion or into separate layers.
  • the large size emulsion be the upper layer and the small size emulsion be the lower layer.
  • the total coated silver amount is preferably 1 g / m 2 to 8 g / m 2 .
  • the light-sensitive material used in the present invention includes sensitizing dyes described in JP-A-55-52050, pp. 45-53 (for example, cyanine dyes and merosyanine dyes) for the purpose of improving sensitivity. Can be added. These sensitizing dyes may be used alone, or a combination thereof may be used, and a combination of sensitizing dyes is often used, particularly for supersensitivity. Along with the sensitizing dye, a dye that does not itself have a spectral sensitizing effect or a substance that does not substantially absorb visible light and that exhibits supersensitization may be included in the emulsion. Useful dyes, combinations of dyes exhibiting supersensitivity and substances exhibiting supersensitization are described in Research Disclosure, Vol. 176, 17643 (published in December 1978), page 23 IV J It is described in the section.
  • azols such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroindazoles, benzobenzimidazoles, and bromobenzi Midazoles, mecaptothiazoles, mecaptobenzothiazoles, mechabutothiadiazoles, aminotriazoles, benzothiazoles, nitrobenzotriazoles, etc.
  • the light-sensitive material processed in the present invention may have a nucleating agent in a photographic emulsion layer or other hydrophilic colloid layers.
  • nucleating agent used in the light-sensitive material processed in the present invention examples include, for example, RESEARCH DISCLOSURE Item 23516 (November 1983, P. 346) and the references cited therein, as well as U.S. Pat. 207, 4,269,929, 4,276,346, 4,278,748, 4,385,108, 4,459,347, 4,560,638 4, 478, 928, UK Patent 2,011,391B, JP-A-60-179734, 62-270, 948, 63-29, 751, 61-170,733, 61-27, Item 744, No. 62-948, EP217,310, or US Pat.No.
  • various compounds containing โ‡ or S atoms are effective.
  • the light-sensitive material processed in the present invention may have a desensitizer in a photographic emulsion layer or other hydrophilic colloid layers.
  • the organic desensitizer used in the light-sensitive material used in the present invention is defined by its polarographic half-wave potential, that is, the oxidation-reduction potential determined by polarography, and the sum of the anode potential and cathode potential of the borer port is positive. It becomes.
  • a method for measuring the oxidation-reduction potential of a bolograph is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,501,307.
  • Organic desensitizers having at least one water-soluble base are preferred. More specifically, examples thereof include a sulfonate group, a carboxylate group, and a sulfonate group. These groups are organic bases (for example, ammonia, pyridin, triethylamine, and the like). Salts may be formed with pyridin, morpholine, and the like, or alkali metals (eg, sodium, calcium, and the like).
  • organic desensitizer those represented by the general formulas () to (V) described in JP-A-63-133145 are preferably used.
  • Organic ' โ‡ agent used in the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention 1.
  • 0 X 10- 8 โ‡ silver halide emulsion layer; I. 0 X 10- 4 mole / m z, especially 1.
  • 0 X 10 " 7 โ‡ : I. 0 X 10- 5 2 exist allowed to be the preferred arbitrariness.
  • the emulsion layer or other hydrophilic colloid layer of the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention may contain a water-soluble dye as a filter dye or for various purposes such as preventing irradiation.
  • a filter dye a dye for further lowering the photographic sensitivity, preferably an ultraviolet absorber having a spectral absorption maximum in the intrinsic sensitivity range of silver halide, or when used as a light-sensitive material Mainly 38 โ‡ ! Dyes having substantial light absorption in the region of -600 nm are used.
  • These dyes may be added to the emulsion layer depending on the purpose, or may be added to the upper part of the silver halide emulsion layer, that is, a non-photosensitive hydrophilic covalent layer which is farther from the support than the silver halide emulsion layer. It is preferable to add the mordant together with the mordant and fix it.
  • the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorber is a suitable solvent (for example, water, alcohol (for example, methanol, ethanol, propylene alcohol), acetone, methyl cellulose solvent, etc., or a mixture thereof). Mixed solvent] and added to the coating solution.
  • a suitable solvent for example, water, alcohol (for example, methanol, ethanol, propylene alcohol), acetone, methyl cellulose solvent, etc., or a mixture thereof.
  • UV absorbers examples include benzotriazole compounds substituted with aryl groups, 4-thiazolidone compounds, benzophenone compounds, cinnamate compounds, butadiene compounds, benzoxazole compounds, and UV-absorbing polymers. Can be used.
  • ultraviolet absorbers are described in U.S. Pat.Nos. 3,533,794, 3,314,794, 3,352,618, JP-A-46-2784, U.S. Pat.Nos. 3,705,805, 3 , 707,375, 4,045,229, 3,700,455, 3,499,863, and German Patent Application Publication 1,547,863.
  • the filter dyes include oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, styrene dyes, melocyanine dyes, cyanine dyes and azo dyes. From the viewpoint of reducing the residual color after the development, a dye which is soluble in water or decolorized by alkali or sulfite ion is preferred.
  • pyrazolonexonol dyes described in U.S. Patent No. 2,274,782 diaryl azo dyes described in U.S. Patent No. 2,956,879, U.S. Patent No. 3,423,207, No. 3,384,487, a stillyl dye butadidinyl dye, U.S. Pat.No. 2,527,583, a merocyanine dye, U.S. Pat.Nos. 3,486,897, 3,652 Nos. 3,284, and 3,718,472.
  • the dye is dissolved in a suitable solvent (for example, water, alcohol (for example, methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol), acetate, methylsolvent, or a mixed solvent thereof). It is added to the non-photosensitive hydrophilic colloid layer coating solution of the present invention.
  • a suitable solvent for example, water, alcohol (for example, methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol), acetate, methylsolvent, or a mixed solvent thereof.
  • the specific amount of the dye used is generally in the range of 10 to 3 g / m 2 to 1 g / m 2. In particular, a preferable amount can be found in the range of 10 to 3 g / ra 2 to 0.5 gZm 2 .
  • the photographic light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention may have an inorganic or organic hardener in the photographic emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloid layers.
  • chromium salts aldehydes, (formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, etc.), N-methyl compounds (such as dimethylol urine), and active butyl compounds (1, 3, 5โ€”triac) Liloylhexahydros-triazine, 1,3-vinylsulfonyl-121-propanol, etc., active halogen compounds (2,4-dichloro-16-hydroxy-s) ), Mucohalogenic acids and the like can be used alone or in combination.
  • a coating aid In the photographic emulsion layer or other hydrophilic color layer of the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention, a coating aid, antistatic, improvement of slipperiness, emulsification / dispersion, prevention of adhesion and improvement of photographic properties (for example, development acceleration, high contrast Various surfactants may be included for various purposes such as chemical reaction and sensation.
  • Surfactants preferably used in the present invention are polyalkylene oxides having a molecular weight of 600 or more described in JP-B-58-9412.
  • a fluorine-containing surfactant for example, US Pat. Nos. 4,201,586, JP-A-60-80849, and JP-A-59-74554. Is particularly preferred.
  • the photographic light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention is provided with a matting agent such as silica, magnesium oxide, or polymethylmethacrylate for the purpose of preventing adhesion to the photographic emulsion layer or other hydrophilic colloid layer. You can see it.
  • a matting agent such as silica, magnesium oxide, or polymethylmethacrylate
  • the photographic emulsion of the light-sensitive material processed in the present invention may contain a dispersion of a water-insoluble or hardly soluble synthetic polymer for the purpose of improving dimensional stability and the like.
  • a water-insoluble or hardly soluble synthetic polymer for the purpose of improving dimensional stability and the like.
  • a polymer having a monomer component of a combination of acrylic acid, metaacrylic acid, and the like can be used.
  • the silver halide emulsion layer and other layers of the photographic light-sensitive material of the present invention preferably contain a compound having an acid group.
  • Compounds having an acid group include organic acids such as salicylic acid, acetic acid, and ascorbic acid and acid monomers such as acrylic acid, maleic acid, and phthalic acid as repeating units. Mention may be made of polymers or copolymers. Regarding these compounds, reference can be made to the descriptions in JP-A-61-223834, JP-A-61-228437, JP-A-62-25745, and JP-A-62-55642.
  • ascorbic acid as a low molecular weight compound
  • an acid monomer such as acrylic acid and divinyl benzene
  • It is a water-dispersible latex of a cobolimer consisting of a crosslinkable monomer having two or more unsaturated groups such as
  • the developing solution used for developing the silver halide black-and-white photosensitive material contains a commonly used additive (for example, a developing agent, an alkaline agent, a PH buffer, a preservative, and a chelating agent). It can be owned. Any of the known methods can be used for the treatment of the present invention, and a known treatment solution can be used.
  • the processing temperature may be a temperature lower than 18 ยฐ C or a temperature higher than 50 ยฐ C, which is usually selected between 18 ยฐ C and 50 ยฐ C.
  • Black-and-white developers include dihydroxybenzenes, 1-phenylene
  • Known developing agents such as 3-virazolidones and aminofunols can be used alone or in combination.
  • Hydroxybenzene-based developing agents used in the above black-and-white developer include hydroloquinone, chloronodroquinone, bromonodroquinone, isoprovirhydroquinone, methylhydroquinon, 2,3โ€”Dichloronodroquinone, 2,3โ€”Jib mouth monodroquinone, 2,5โ€”Dimethyl high droquinone, etc.
  • the quinone is preferred.
  • Examples of 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone or its derivative as an auxiliary developing agent include 1-phenyl-2,3-birazolidone, 1-phenyl-2,4,4 dimethyl-1-3-virazolidone, 1-phenyl Lou 4 โ€”Methyru 4 โ€”Hydroxymetyl 1 3 โ€”Bilazolidone, 1 โ€”Feniru 4, 4 โ€”Dihidroki Sime Chiru 3 โ€”Virazolidon, 1 1Phenyl 1 5 โ€”Metyl 3 โ€”Virazolidon, 1 p โ€”Amino Fenuru 4, 4 โ€”Dimethyl 3 โ€”Pizolidon, 1 โ€” P โ€”Tri โ‡ 4,4 โ‡ โ‡ โ€” โ€”3-virazolidone.
  • โ‡ โ€”Aminophanol-based auxiliary developing agents โ‡ โ€”Methyl phenolโ€”Amino phenol, โ‡ โ€”Amino phenol, (โ€” (Hydroxy Shechirou โ‡ - โ‡ -aminophenol, (-(4 โ€”-hydroxyphenyl) glycine, 2 โ€”-methyl- โ‡ -aminophenol, โ‡ -benzylamine There is a strong force such as phenol, among which โ‡ -methyl โ‡ -amino phenol is preferred.
  • the dihydroxy benzene-based developing agent is usually preferably used in an amount of 0.05 mol / ยฃ to 8 molno โ‡ .
  • the former is 0.05 molno ยฃ to 0.5.
  • Mol / ยฃ the latter being preferably used in an amount of not more than 0.06 mol / ยฃ.
  • Examples of the sulfite preservatives used in the present invention include sodium sulfite, sodium sulfite, lithium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, metabisulfite, and formaldehyde sodium bisulfite. There is a stream.
  • sulfites are used in excess of 0.3 moles or more, and if added in too large an amount, precipitates in the developer and cause liquid contamination, so the upper limit is 1. Preferably it is 2 moles โ‡ ยฃ.
  • Alkali agents used in the developer of the present invention include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium tertiary phosphate and tertiary phosphate.
  • Control agents and buffers such as potassium phosphate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate.
  • Additives other than the above components include boric acid and borax
  • Development inhibitors such as: ethylene glycol, ethylene render alcohol,
  • Antifoggants such as triazole-based compounds or black
  • Preventive agent can be housed, and if necessary,
  • the developer used in the present invention contains a silver stain inhibitor as disclosed in
  • JP-A-62-186259 The developer described in JP-A-62-186259 was used as a buffering agent.
  • Oxisims for example, acetoxim
  • tritium salts and potassium salts For example, tritium salts and potassium salts.
  • the fixing solution may contain, if necessary, a hardening agent (eg, a water-soluble aluminum compound), acetic acid and a dibasic acid (eg, tartaric acid, quenched acid).
  • a hardening agent eg, a water-soluble aluminum compound
  • acetic acid e.g, tartaric acid, quenched acid
  • a dibasic acid e.g, tartaric acid, quenched acid
  • Acid or their salts preferably PH It has 3.8 or more, more preferably 4.0 to 7.5.
  • a known fixing agent may be used in addition to the compound of the present invention.
  • the fixing agent include sodium sulfate and ammonium thiosulfate, and ammonium thiosulfate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of fixing speed.
  • the amount of the fixing agent to be used can be appropriately changed, and is generally about 0.1 to about 5 mol.
  • Water-soluble aluminum salts which mainly act as a hardener in the fixer, are compounds generally known as hardeners in acidic hardeners, such as aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate. And alums.
  • tartaric acid or its derivative can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These compounds are effective if they have a fixer solution of 0.005 mol or more per 1 ยฃ of fixer, and particularly effective are 0.01 mol ยฃ to 0.03 mol of ยฃ.
  • tartaric acid potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, lithium tartrate, ammonium tartrate, ammonium tartrate, and the like.
  • citric acid As examples of the citric acid or derivatives thereof effective in the present invention, citric acid, sodium citrate, and potassium citrate are powerful.
  • the fixer may further contain a preservative (eg, sulfite, bisulfite), a โ‡ buffer (eg, acetic acid, boric acid), a โ‡ modifier (eg, ammonia, sulfuric acid), an image preserving agent, if desired. Improving agents (eg, potassium iodide) and chelating agents can be provided.
  • the binder is 10 to 40 g, more preferably 18 because of the high developer content. Use about โ‡ 25 g / ยฃ.
  • the fixing temperature and time are the same as in the case of development, and preferably from about 20 to about 50 and from 10 seconds to 1 minute.
  • fungicides for example, compounds described in Horiguchi's "Bacterial Prevention and Prevention Chemistry", JP-A-62-115154), water-washing accelerators (sulfites, etc.), chelating agents You may have a house.
  • the replenishing amount of the washing water or the like may be 1200ffi ยฃ / "in z or less (set to 0).
  • the case where the replenishing amount of the washing water (or the stabilizing solution) is 0 is a so-called pool water washing method.
  • a multi-stage countercurrent method eg, two-stage or three-stage has been known for a long time.
  • washing bath or stabilizing bath examples include an isothiazoline-based compound described in BT Kreiman, J. Image, Tech. Vol. 10 No. 6242 (1984), Research Disclosure (R..X). Vol. 205, No. 20526 (May 1981), an isothiazoline compound described in Vol. 228, 228 โ‡ 22845 (April, 1983),
  • the compounds described in JP-A-61-115, 154 and JP-A-62-209, 532 can also be used in combination as a microbiocide.
  • part or all of the overflow solution from the washing or stabilizing bath which is generated by replenishing the washing or stabilizing bath used after the treatment according to the present invention with water subjected to protection means, is disclosed in As described in JP-A-235,133 and JP-A-63-129,343, it can also be used for a processing solution having a fixing ability, which is a preceding processing step.
  • a water-soluble surfactant or a water-soluble surfactant is used to prevent water bubbles from occurring when washing with a small amount of washing water and / or to prevent a treating agent component adhering to the squeeze roller from being transferred to the treated film.
  • An antifoaming agent may be added.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 63/1988 discloses a method for preventing contamination by dyes eluted from a photosensitive material.
  • the dye adsorbent described in -163, 456 may be placed in a washing tank.
  • the developed and fixed photographic material is washed with water and dried. Washing is performed almost completely to remove the silver salt dissolved by fixing, preferably about 20 to about 50 and 10 seconds to 3 minutes.
  • Drying is carried out at about 40 to about 100'C. It can be changed accordingly, but usually about 5 seconds to 3 minutes and 30 seconds.
  • the โ‡ -Iller transport type automatic developing machine is described in US Pat. Nos. 3,025,779 and 3,354,971 and the like, and in this specification, it is simply referred to as a roller transport type processor.
  • the roller transport type processor has four steps of developing, fixing, washing and drying.
  • the method of the present invention does not exclude other steps (for example, a stopping step), but follows these four steps. Is most preferred.
  • the water washing process can save water by using a two- or three-stage countercurrent washing method.
  • the developer used for developing the light-sensitive material to be processed in the present invention is preferably stored in a packaging material having low oxygen permeability described in JP-A-61-73147.
  • a replenishment system described in JP-A-62-91939 can be preferably used.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention can be applied to both black-and-white photographic materials and black-and-white silver halide photographic materials (for example, black-and-white photographic materials for photography). , X-ray black-and-white light-sensitive materials, printing black-and-white light-sensitive materials), and laser light-sensitive infrared light-sensitive materials.
  • Sample 101 which is a multilayer color light-sensitive material composed of each layer having the following composition, was prepared.
  • Silver iodobromide emulsion (Ag I 4 mol%, internal high
  • Silver iodobromide emulsion (AgI 10 mol%, internal high
  • Thickness ratio 2 Silver coating amount 0.7 Gelatin 0.8 ES-1 1 X 10- 4 EXS-2 3 X 10- 4
  • Silver iodobromide emulsion (AgI 2 mol%, internal high A g I type, sphere equivalent diameter 0.3, sphere equivalent โ‡
  • Silver iodobromide emulsion (AgI 4 mol%, internal high
  • Silver iodobromide emulsion (Ag I 10 mol%, internal high
  • Silver iodobromide emulsion (Ag I 10 mol%, internal high
  • Fine grain silver iodobromide (average grain size 0.07,
  • the dry film thickness of all the coating layers except for the undercoat layer was 17.6, and the swelling rate (T โ€ฒ / 2 ) was 8 seconds.
  • the prepared sample was cut and processed into a width of 35 mm, imagewise exposed, and with the processing formula shown below, using an automatic processor, the cumulative replenishment capacity of the fixing solution; Performing the running process and the process
  • Rinse (1) 1 minute 05 seconds 35 minutes 10 ยฃ countercurrent piping from (2) to (1).
  • Replenishment amount is 35mm width per 1m length
  • Tap water is filled with a โ‡ -type strong acid-strength ion exchange resin ('Armite IR-120B manufactured by Rohm and Haas) and a โ‡ -type anion exchange resin (' Amberlite IR-400 ') Water is passed through a mixed bed power column to reduce the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions to 3 mg / ยฃ or less, and sodium sodium dichloride sodium 20 mg / ยฃ and sodium sulfate โ‡ 0.15 g / ยฃ was added.
  • a โ‡ -type strong acid-strength ion exchange resin 'Armite IR-120B manufactured by Rohm and Haas
  • a โ‡ -type anion exchange resin ' Amberlite IR-400 '
  • the O solution G pH was in the range of 6.5 to 7.5 c
  • the amount of residual silver in the unexposed portion of the sample after this treatment was measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
  • the samples after the processing at the end of running were stored in a thermostat at 60 ยฐ CZ and 70% humidity for 10 days, and the change in minimum density (Drain) of magenta before and after the thermostat was examined.
  • New tear paper Table 1 shows the results.
  • Table 1 shows that by using the compound of the present invention as a fixing agent, good results were obtained in which desilvering properties were good in rapid processing and less in moist heat. I understand.
  • Example 1 The same tests as in Example 1 were performed, replacing A-9 or A-13, respectively.
  • Rinse water is a counter-current system from (2) to โ‡ , and all of the water in the wash water was introduced into the fixing bath.
  • To replenish the bleach-fixing bath connect the upper part of the bleach tank and the lower part of the bleach-fixer tank of the automatic processor and the upper part of the fixing tank with the lower part of the bleach-fix tank with a pipe, and replenish the bleach tank and the fixing tank. All of the liquid generated by the supply of the developer is allowed to flow into the bleach-fixing bath.1
  • the amount of developer brought into the bleaching process, the amount of bleaching solution brought into the fixing process, Oihi's fixer washing process The carry-on amounts were 2.5 i and 2.0 i โ‡ 2.0 per meter length of 35 mm wide photosensitive material, respectively.
  • the crossover O time is 5 seconds in each case, and this time is included in the processing time of the previous process.
  • the composition of the treatment liquid is shown below.
  • Aqueous solution (700g /)
  • the fixing agent of the present invention 1.32 mol 3,9 T mol midazole 28.5 85.5
  • H-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin Amberit IR-120B manufactured by Michigan Anders
  • OH-type strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-400
  • Filled mixed bed force Through the rum to reduce the calcium and magnesium concentrations to 3 mg or less, followed by sodium sodium dichloride 20 mg // i and sodium sulfate 150 mg / โ‡ was added. โ‡ of this solution was in the range of 6.5-7.5.
  • the amount of silver remaining in the unexposed area of the sample after the treatment was measured using a fluorescent X-ray diffraction apparatus.
  • the samples were stored in a thermostat at 70% humidity for 60 days for 60 days, and the change in the minimum magenta concentration (Dmin) before and after the thermostat was examined.
  • Dmin minimum magenta concentration
  • Example 1 In addition, the same test was carried out when the comparative compounds (A), (B), (C) and (D) used in Example 1 were replaced with the compound of the present invention in an equimolar amount.
  • Table 1 shows that the use of the compound of the present invention as a fixing agent It can be seen that good results were obtained, such as good desilvering properties in rapid processing and little sting in moist heat.
  • Example 3 Compound โ‡ -1 was converted to Compound โ‡ -3, A-4, A-5, A-7, A-8, A-9, A-12, A-13, A-14, A-1 7, Aโ€”18, Aโ€”20, Aโ€”22, Aโ€”24, Aโ€”29, Aโ€”30, Aโ€”31, Aโ€”39, Aโ€”43, Aโ€”45, Aโ€”52 or Aโ€”54 The same tests as in Example 3 were performed instead.
  • Example 5 As a result, as in Example 3, when the fixing agent of the present invention was used, good results were obtained with excellent image storability (wet heat thermo) and desilverability (fixing property) in rapid processing.
  • Example 5 When the fixing agent of the present invention was used, good results were obtained with excellent image storability (wet heat thermo) and desilverability (fixing property) in rapid processing.
  • multilayered color photographic paper having the following layer structure was prepared.
  • the coating solution was prepared as follows.
  • Coating solutions for the second to seventh layers were prepared in the same manner as the coating solution for the first layer.
  • As a gelatin hardening agent for each layer 1-oxy-1,3,5-dichloromethane s-triazine sodium salt was used.
  • the following dyes were added to the emulsion layer to prevent irradiation.
  • composition of each layer is shown below.
  • the numbers represent the coated amount (g Zm 2 ).
  • the silver halide emulsion shows the coated amount in terms of silver.
  • Second layer Color mixture prevention layer
  • Silver chlorobromide emulsion (cubic, average grain size 0.55,
  • the coefficient of variation of the size distribution is 0.10 and 0.08, and the
  • Silver chlorobromide emulsion (cubic, 1: 4 mixture (Ag mole ratio) of 0.58 lord and 0.45 / an) Coefficient of variation in grain size distribution 0.90 and 0.11, each emulsion and also a g B r 0.6 mol% was localized on a part of the grain surface) 0.23 Zerah Chi down 1.34 Macia Nkapura (ex C) 0.32 Color Image stabilizer (cpd - 6) 0.17 Color Image stabilizer (cpd - 7) 0.40 Color image stabilizer (cpd-8) 0.04 Solvent (s01V-6) 0.15 6th layer (ultraviolet absorbing layer)
  • R C Z H 5 and C 4 H
  • the drifting fixer is replenished with the drifter replenisher and rinse solution (121).
  • composition after each treatment is as follows.

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Description

ๆ˜Ž ็ดฐ ๆ›ธ
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ๅŠใณๅ‡ฆ็†็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉ ๆŠ€่ก“ๅˆ†้‡Ž
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฏใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ๅŠใณๅ‡ฆ็†็ต„ๆˆ ็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ฉณใ— ใ ใฏ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ๅŠใณใใฎๅ‡ฆ็†็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉๆ›ดใซ่ฉณใ— ใ ใฏๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใฎ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใŒๅฐ‘ใช ใใ€ ใ‹ใค้›ข่„ฑๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™ ็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ๅŠใณใใฎๅ‡ฆ็†็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ• ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ใซ่ตทๅ› ใ™ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใŒๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใ‹ ใคๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซ ใƒฉไธ€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–น ๆณ•ๅŠใณใใฎๅ‡ฆ็†็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ƒŒๆ™ฏๆŠ€่ก“
ไธ€่ˆฌใซใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใฏใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผ็™บ่‰ฒ ็พๅƒ้Ž็จ‹ใจ้Š€้™คๅŽป้Ž็จ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็พๅƒใง็”Ÿใ˜ใŸ้Š€ใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใง้…ธ ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใ€ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใงๆบถ่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏไธปใซ็ฌฌ 2้‰„ ( HI ) ใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณ้Œฏไฝ“ๅกฉ ๏ผˆใŸใจใˆใฐใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธไธ€้‰„ ๏ผˆ 1ฮ  ) ้Œฏไฝ“ๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใŒ้€šๅธธ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅˆ้ป’็™ฝๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใฏ็พๅƒ้Ž็จ‹ใจๆœช้œฒๅ…‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ– ้Š€ใฎ้™คๅŽป้Ž็จ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅƒๅพŒๆผ‚็™ฝ้Ž็จ‹ใ‚’็ตŒใšๅฎš็€ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏ ้€šๅธธใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ้ป’็™ฝใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚‚ ้€ŸๅŒ–ใŒๆœ›ใพใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๅ„ๅ‡ฆ็† ๅทฅ็จ‹ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ๅŒ–ใ—ใ‚ˆใ† ใจ็ ”็ฉถใŒใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅฎš็€ๅทฅ ็จ‹ใ‚‚ใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใงใช ใใ€ ็จฎใ€…ใฎๅฎš็€ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใŒใ€ ๆคœ่จŽใฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŒๅŠนๆžœใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆใ€ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉไปฅๅค–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆ่ฟ…้€ŸๅŒ–ใ‚’ใฏใ‹ใ‚ใ† ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ใ ใฆใ‚‚ ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 4378424ๅทใ€ ็‰น ้–‹ๆ˜ญ 57-150842ๅทใชใฉใซใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎ 1, 2, 4โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ โ€” 3โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸ่จ˜่ผ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒ่ฉณ็ดฐใชๆคœ่จŽใฏ ใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1-201659ๅทใซใฏใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆผ‚็™ฝไฟƒ้€ฒ ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆๆผ‚็™ฝๆตดใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 2-44355ๅทใซใฏ 1, 2, 4โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  ไธ€ 3โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฎš็€ๆตดใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰น่จฑใซใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠนๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰่ฟฐในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจใ—ใฆใฏใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใซใ‚‚็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 003๏ผŒ 910ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 675, 276ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4,624, 913ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 631, 253ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ ๆ˜ญ 62-217237ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 64- 3641ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60-144737ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62- 253,161 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62-287, 239ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61-176, 920ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62-96,423ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1-154, 056ๅทใŒ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซๆทปๅŠ  ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅƒๆถฒใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ ็›ฎ็š„ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠนๆžœใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ็”ปๅƒใฎไฟๅญ˜ๆ€งๅ‘ไธŠใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚บใฏ้ซ˜ใใ€ ๆ„Ÿ ๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ไธญใฎ็ด ๆใ‹ใ‚‰ใจๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎๆœ€็ต‚ๆตดใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไธก้ขใŒๆคœ่จŽใ•ใ‚Œ ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใพใ ใพใ ไธๅๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใ€ ็”ปๅƒไฟ ๅญ˜ๆ€งใจใ‚‚็พๅœจใฎๆ‰€ใพใ ใพใ ๆบ€่ถณใงใใ‚‹ๆ€ง่ƒฝใพใง้”ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ ๆŠœๆœฌ็š„ใชๅฏพ็ญ–ใŒๆœ›ใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไธŠ่จ˜ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใฏ่ฟ…้€ŸๅŒ–ใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†็ญ‰ใงใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใจใ—ใฆๅŒไธ€ๆตดใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใฏ้€šๅธธใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธไธ€้‰„ ( I ) ้Œฏไฝ“ๅกฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฟ‘ๅนด่ฟ…้€ŸๅŒ–ใ‚’ใ• ใ‚‰ใซ้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ้…ธๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใฎใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ใ„ ๏ผˆ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎ้ซ˜ใ„๏ผ‰ ้…ธๅŒ–ๅ‰คใŒๆผ‚็™ฝๆตดไธญใงไฝฟใ‚ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใŒๅคงใใ„ใ“ใจใ‚„ๆผ‚็™ฝ ๅฎš็€ๆตดๅŒ–ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใฎใชใฉใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็Ÿฅ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใฎๅ•้กŒใจใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใฎ้…ธๅŒ–ๅŠฃๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅ— ใ‘ๆฒˆๆฎฟใ‚’็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ่ฟ‘ๅนดไฝŽ่ฃœๅ……ๅŒ–ใŒ้€ฒใ‚€ใซใคใ‚Œใ€ ็‰นใซๅ•้กŒใจใชใ‚Šใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใฎ้…ธๅŒ–ใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ‚’ไฟๆ’ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ ้€šๅธธ็”จใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ๅข—้‡ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใŒ้…ธๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ่Œซ็ก ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใชใฉๅˆฅใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใงใฎๅฏพ็ญ–ใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃ ใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€ๆ–นใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 4378424ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 57 - 150842ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใง่ฟฐในใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ ใงใฎๅŠนๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅ…จ ใ่ฟฐในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 2- 44355ๅทใซใฏ 1 , 2 , .4 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ใƒผ 3 โ€” ใƒใ‚ฉใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใจ 'ใ—ใฆๅฎš็€ๆตดใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1 - 201659ๅทใซใฏใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆผ‚็™ฝ ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆๆผ‚็™ฝๆตดใพใŸใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้–‹็คบใ• ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰็‰น่จฑใซใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใ‚’ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใซๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹่จ˜่ผ‰ใฏๅ…จใ ใช ใใ€ ใพใŸๆœฌ็™บ ๆ˜Žใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠนๆžœใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่จ˜่ผ‰ใ‚‚ๅ…จใ ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆใ€ ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใงๅŠนๆžœใŒๅ‡บ ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒๅคšใใ€ ใพใŸๆฉŸ่ƒฝใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ ๏ผˆๅˆใฏ้Š€๏ผ‰ ใธใฎ ๅธ็€็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’้™คใพใ™ใ‚‹็ญ‰ใฎๅฝนๅ‰ฒใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใจใฏไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใ€ ๅฝนๅ‰ฒ ๏ผˆๆฉŸ่ƒฝ๏ผ‰ ใจใ‚‚ๅคงใƒ ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎนๆ˜“ใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’้กžๆŽจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ ใชใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚คใ‚ชใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจใ—ใฆใฏใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใซใ‚‚็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 003- 910ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 675, 276ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 624, 913ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 631, 253ๅทใ€ ็‰น ้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62-217237ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 64- 3641ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60-144737ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62- 253,161 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62- 287, 239ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61-176, 920ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62-96, 943ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1-154, 056ๅทใŒ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซๆทปๅŠ  ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅƒๆถฒใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ ็›ฎ็š„ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠนๆžœใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใ€ ๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใฎไธกๆ–นใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆบ€่ถณใงใ ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใฏ็พๅœจใพใ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆ˜Žใฎ้–‹็คบ
ๅพ“ใฃใฆๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใ‹ใคๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใฎ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ• ใ‚’ไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใŒๅฐ‘ใช ใใ€ ใ‹ใคๆถฒ ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž่€…ใ‚‰ใฏ้‹ญๆ„ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸ็ตๆžœใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎไธŠ่จ˜็ฌฌ 1 ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1ๅฑคใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ• ใซ ๏ผš ใฆใ€ ๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใŒไธ‹่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใฎใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ• ๏ผˆไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜๏ผ‰ ใซใ‚ˆ ใ‚Š ้”ๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌ่‰ฒ ( I )
Figure imgf000007_0001
ๅผไธญใ€ Xใฏ ฮใพใŸใฏ C ไธ€ ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ ฮฅใŠใ‚ˆใณ ฮ– ใฏใ€‡ใ€ Sใ€ Nใ€ N - R 2 ใพใŸใฏ C ไธ€ R 3 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Uใฏ 0ใ€ SใพใŸใฏ Nโ€”
ฮ˜
R 4 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚ ฮ‘ ฮ˜ใฏไธ€ 0 ฮ˜ใ€ โ€” S ฮ˜ใพใŸใฏไธ€ N Rใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
R ,ใ€ R z ใ€ R 3 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 4 ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็•ฐใคใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚ˆ ใ "๏ผˆT R ' ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Tใฏ
- R " 0 S
I II I
โ€” S โ€”ใ€ ไธ€โ—ฆไธ€ใ€ ไธ€ Nโ€•ใ€ ไธ€ Cไธ€ใ€ ไธ€ Cไธ€ใ€ - S 0 2 โ€”ใพใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไปปๆ„ใซ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใŸ้€ฃ็ตๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ nใฏ 0ใพใŸใฏ 1 ใ‚’่กจ ใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
Rใ€ R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ Rใ€ƒ ใฏๅŒไธ€ใงใ‚‚็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใๅ„ใ€…ๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ข ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ใพใŸใฏใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
ใŸใ ใ— Rใ€ R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R " ใฎใ† ใกๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฏใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ ้…ธใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸ Xใจ Uใ€ Yใจ Zใ€ Z ใจ Uใฏ้–‰็’ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใชใŠใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใง ใ€Œๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใ€ ใจใฏไพ‹ใˆ ใฐๅฎš็€ๆตดใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใชใฉใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎไธŠ่จ˜็ฌฌ 2 ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใŒๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ไธ€ ็จฎใฎใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆๅซใฟใ€ ใ‹ใคไป–ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆใพใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉไธ€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿ ๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ• ๏ผˆไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜๏ผ‰ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š้”ๆˆใ• ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ค ใ‚ชใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจใฏ W. Bakerใจ W. D. Ollis ใŒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ชไธ€ใ‚ฟ ใƒช ใƒผ ยท ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผ๏ผˆQuart. Rev.) 11. 15 (1957)ใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒ‰ ใƒŽ -ใƒณใ‚ทใ‚ฃ ใ‚บ . ใ‚ค ใƒณ ' ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒชใƒผ๏ผˆAdv ances in Heterocycl is Chemistry) 19 1 (197b)ใง ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ็พคใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€Œ 5ใพใŸใฏ 6ๅ“กใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐ็ŠถๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ€ ไธ€ใค ใฎๅ…ฑๆœ‰็ตๅˆๆง‹้€ ๅผใพใŸใฏๆฅตๆ€งๆง‹้€ ๅผใงใฏๆบ€่ถณใซ่กจ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใšใ€ ใพใŸ็’ฐใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅŽŸๅญใซ้–ฌ้€ฃใ—ใŸ ฯ€้›ปๅญใฎๅ…ญ ๅฝๅญใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใง็’ฐใฏ้ƒจๅˆ†็š„ๆญฃ้›ป่ทใ‚’ๅธฏใณใ€ ็’ฐๅค–ๅŽŸๅญใพใŸ ใฏๅŽŸๅญๅ›ฃไธŠใฎ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„่ฒ ้›ป่ทใจใคใ‚Šๅˆใ„ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจ ใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
ใพใšใ€ ๅ‰่จ˜ใ—ใŸๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซใŠใ„ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€่ƒฝ ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ•ใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ไธญใ€ Xใฏ ฮใพใŸใฏ Cไธ€ R , ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ YใŠใ‚ˆใณ Zใฏ 0ใ€ Sใ€ Nใ€ Nโ€” Rz ใพใŸใฏ Cไธ€ R3 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Uใฏ 0ใ€ SใพใŸใฏ Nโ€” R 4 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง Xใ€ Yใ€ Zใ€ Uใฎ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใง ๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ค‡็ด ็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใฏไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ฃ ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒˆใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ข ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ต ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใชใฉใŒใ‚ ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ฮ˜
A ยฉใฏโ€”ใ€‡ eใ€ โ€” S ฮ˜ใพใŸใฏไธ€ N Rใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
R , ใ€ R ใ€ R 3 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 4 ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็•ฐใคใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚ˆ ใ ~ T~Hr R ' ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Tใฏ
R " 0 S
I II II
ไธ€ Sโ€”ใ€ ไธ€ 0 โ€”ใ€ ไธ€ Nโ€”ใ€ ไธ€ Cไธ€ใ€ ไธ€ Cโ€•ใ€ - S 0 2 ไธ€ใพใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไปปๆ„ใซ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใŸๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚คใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ๅŸบใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ n ใฏ 0 ใพใŸ ใฏ 1 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
Rใ€ R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ ใฏๅŒไธ€ใงใ‚‚็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใๅ„ใ€…ๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ 1ใ€œ 6 ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒ ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ t ไธ€ใƒ–ใƒใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใ‚จ ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ—ใƒญใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 , 2 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทโ€” 3 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ็‚ญ ็ด ๆ•ฐ 3ใ€œ10ใฎใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ทใ‚ฏใƒญใƒ—ใƒญใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ท ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 ใƒผใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ 2ใ€œ 8 ใฎใ‚กใƒซใ‚ฑไบŒ ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ–ใƒญใบใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญใ‚ทโ€” 2 โ€”ใƒ–ใƒ†ใƒฅใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ 2ใ€œ 8 ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ (ไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‘ใƒซใ‚ฎใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใพใŸใฏ็ฝฎๆ› ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ็‚ญ็ด  ๆ•ฐ 1ใ€œ 8 ใฎใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธ ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€” ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 โ€”ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒ• ใƒชใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— Rใ€ R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R " ใฎใ† ใกๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฏใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ ้…ธใพใŸใฏใใฎๅกฉ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใพใŸใฏใใฎๅกฉ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ขใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸ X ใจใ—'ใ€ Yใจ Zใ€ Z ใจ Uใฏ้–‰็’ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ ใ“ใง Rใ€ R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R " ใŒใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธๅŸบไปฅ ๅค–ใซ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใฎ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏไพ‹ใˆใฐไบŒ ใƒˆ ๅฃๅŸบใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŽŸๅญ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐๅกฉ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ่‡ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒกใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญ ใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽใ‚จใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚น ใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒขใ‚ค ใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒขใ‚ค ใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซใ‚ฉ ใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ท ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ฆ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ๅกฉ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ้…ข้…ธ ๅกฉใ€ ็ก้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ต ใƒช ใƒใƒซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ๅกฉ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใƒจ ใ‚ฆ็ด ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ่‡ญ็ด ้…ธๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ไธญๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ A ยฉใฏโ€” โ€”ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Xใฏ N ใพใŸใฏ Cโ€” R, ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Yใฏโ—ฆใ€ Sใ€ NใพใŸใฏ Nโ€” Rz ใ‚’่กจ ใ‚ใ—ใ€ Zใฏ Nใ€ - R 2 ใพใŸใฏ Cโ€” R3 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Uใฏ Nโ€” R4 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
R " S
I II
nใŒ 1 ใฎๆ™‚ใฏ Tใฏโ€” Nโ€”ใ€ ไธ€ Cโ€”ใพใŸใฏใใฎ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใใ€ R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ๏ผ๏ผŸใ€ƒ ใฏๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใง R ' ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R" ใฎใ† ใกๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1ใค ๏ผˆๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ 1ใ€œ 2ๅญ๏ผ‰ ใฏใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใƒซใƒฐใƒซๅŸบใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ไธญใ‚ˆใ‚Šใพใ— ใ ใฏไปฅไธ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ II ) ใŒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ  ) .
Figure imgf000011_0001
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ  ) ไธญใ€ X ' ใฏ NใพใŸใฏ Cโ€” R5 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ— Y ใฏ
7
0ใ€ Sใ€ N - R 6 ใพใŸใฏ Nโ€” N z ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ R R
R 8
R7 ใ€ R8 ใ€ R 9 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R ,ใ€‚ใฏๅŒไธ€ใงใ‚‚็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใๅ„ใ€…็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ็‚ญ็ด ๆ•ฐ 1ใ€œ 6ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ ใง R 5 ใ€ R 7 ใ€ R 8 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 9 ใฏใ€ ๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ R 5 ใ€ R 6 ใ€ R 7 ใ€ R 8 ใ€ R 9 ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R๏ผ 0ใฎใ† ใกๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ ใจใ‚‚ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใพใŸ ใฏใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŒๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ“ ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
Figure imgf000012_0001
CHECHZCOOH
Figure imgf000012_0002
CHzCHzSOsNH,
Aโ€” 4. Na03SCHzCH2Nโ€”
S ยฉ
CH:
Figure imgf000012_0003
CHzCOzCOONH.
Figure imgf000012_0004
S3
Figure imgf000013_0001
HO
H0
Figure imgf000013_0002
HN003ZH0
01
Figure imgf000013_0003
HO
ฮ˜ S HO
ใ€
Nโ€” N2H0300H 8- V S
H0032H3
I
HOOOHO Q S ใƒŽ H3
A - V
IT
f.SlO/06df/JDd "S80/16 ฮŸฮ›ฮป
Figure imgf000014_0001
NHCOOHzCHzCOOH
Aโ€”16, H00CCHCH2-Nโ€” N
C3H7 / ^ใƒฝ sใ€‡
ใ€ N
Aโ€”17 CH3-Nโ€” N
่ญฐ CCH2CH๏ผš , ใƒฝ se
NH;
Figure imgf000014_0002
CH2CH2C00H
A -20 CHs-N^rN
CH3 v /(V)V
^ ใƒ™ S ฮ˜
CH3 7 ฮฏ
CHzCH2S03Na A -21
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000015_0003
se
A -24, HOOCCH z-Nโ€”N
Figure imgf000015_0004
A -29. CH3N^v
'ฮฆ sยฉ
CH2CHzC00H
S03N& H, ECOOH
Figure imgf000016_0001
A -36. ZCOOH
Figure imgf000017_0001
A -38, CH:
NaO
ๅ…ซ sใ€‡
10
Figure imgf000017_0002
CHzCOOH
25 Aไธ€ 43, CH3Nโ€”
I
CHzCHzCOONH,
Figure imgf000018_0001
A -45, CH N
ฮธ
H00CCHzCH2'" fใƒฝ' NCH3
CH3
Figure imgf000018_0002
A -47, HOOCCHzN^N
' 1 ฮ˜ XCH; ใƒŽ
CH ๅ‚ NCH2CH2N
CH; H;
CHZCH2N / C
CH:
Figure imgf000018_0003
Aโ€” 49 CH: .CHzCOOH
CH3 ใ€ OS
COOH; A -50.
Figure imgf000019_0001
A -51.
CHECH2C00H
ฮ˜ 0 COCH
Figure imgf000019_0002
NHzCOCH
Figure imgf000019_0003
NHCOCH:
Figure imgf000019_0004
CHzCHzSCH2C00H ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ‰่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆ H ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒผ ๏ผˆ J Heterocylic Chem.) 2_. 105 (1965)ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ยท ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใ‚ฉ ใƒผใ‚ฌใƒ‹ ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒช ไธ€๏ผˆJ. Org. Chem.) 32. 2245 (1967). ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ โ™ฆ ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆ J. Chem. Soc. ) 3799 (1969) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใ‚กใƒก ๏ผŒ ใ‚ซ ใƒณ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒŽใƒฌ ' ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆJ. Am. Chem. Soc.) 80 ใ€ 1895 (1958) ใ€ ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซ ใƒŽใƒฌ * ใ‚ณ ใƒŸใƒ‹ใƒฆใ‚ฒใƒผใ‚ทใƒจ ใƒณ (Chem. Commun.) 1222 (1971) ใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใธ ใƒˆ-ใƒญ ใƒณ ยท ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚น๏ผˆTetrahedron Lett J 2939 (1972) ใ€ ็‰น ้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60- 87322ๅทใ€ ใƒ™ใƒช ใƒ’ใƒ† ' ใƒ‡ใ‚ก ' ใƒ‰ใ‚ค ใƒ„ใƒใ‚ง ใƒณ ' ใธใƒŸ ใƒ„ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒณ ยท ใ‚ฑใ‚ปใƒซใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ• h (Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen bes ellschaf t) 38 ใ€ 4049 (1905) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ โ™ฆ ใ‚ฉใƒ– โ™ฆ ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ
โ€ข ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ * ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ ยท ใ‚ณ ใƒŸ ใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ๏ผˆJ. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.) 1224 (1971)ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60- 122936ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60- 117240ๅทใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒ‰ใƒใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ฃ ใ‚บ ' ใ‚ค ใƒณ ยท ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ๅœ ใƒช โ€• (Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry) 19 ใ€ 1 976)ใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใธ ใƒ‰ใƒญ ใƒณ * ใƒฌใ‚ฟไธ€ใ‚บ๏ผˆTetrahedron Letters) 5881 (1968) - ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ . ใ‚ฉใƒ– . ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒผ๏ผˆj. Hete rocyclic Chem.) 5_. 277 (1968)ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ยท ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚ซ ใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ' ใƒŽใƒฝ 'ไธ€ใ‚ญใƒณ ' ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใ‚ถใ‚ฏ ใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ I (J. Chem. Soc. , Parkin Trans. I) 627 (1974) ใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใธ ใƒ‰ใƒญ ใƒณ ' ใƒฌใ‚ฟ ใƒผใ‚บ ๏ผˆTetrahedron Letters) 1809 (1967)ใ€ ๅŒ 1578 (1971) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ โ™ฆ ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซ ๏ผŒ ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆJ. Chem. Soc.) 899 (1935)ใ€ ๅŒ 2865 (1959) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ยท ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฌใƒ‹ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒชใƒผ ๏ผˆJ. Org. Chem.) 30 ใ€ 567 (1965)็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅˆๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ไปฅไธ‹ใซไปฃ่กจ็š„ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅˆๆˆไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆๆˆไพ‹ 1 (ไพ‹็คบๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 1 ใฎๅˆๆˆ๏ผ‰
( 1 ) 2 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒใƒซใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ชใ‚ทใ‚กใƒใƒผ ใƒˆใฎ ๅˆๆˆ
/5โ€”ใ‚กใƒฉใƒ‹ใƒณใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ 603.6gใจใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผ ใƒซ 1. 5 ยฃใฎๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ๆฐทๅ†ทไธ‹ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ 1256mยฃใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸๅพŒใ€ 10 ไปฅไธ‹ใงไบŒ็กซๅŒ–็‚ญ็ด  235 ใ‚’ๆปดไธ‹ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆปดไธ‹ๅพŒ 10'Cไปฅไธ‹ใง 1 ๆ™‚้–“ๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ 5 ใฆไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒญใƒ›ใƒซใƒก ใƒผ ใƒˆ 288 ใ‚’ ๆปดไธ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใฎใพ ใพ 2ๆ™‚้–“ๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅๅฟœๅพŒๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ ใจๆฐดใงๅˆ†ๆถฒใ—ใ€ ๆŠฝๅ‡บใ—ใŸ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซๅฑคใ‚’็กซ้…ธใƒžใ‚ฐใƒ ใ‚ทใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใงไนพ ็‡ฅใ€ ๆฟพไธŸใ—ใŸๅพŒ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚’ๆธ›ๅœง็•™ๅŽปใ—ใฆๆฒน็Šถใฎ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉ 389, lg (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 89.3%) ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚
( 2 ) 1 โ€”ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซไธ€ 1 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 ใƒผใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซ ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚ป ใƒŸ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใ‚ธ ใƒ‰ใฎๅˆๆˆ
(1)ใงๅˆๆˆใ—ใŸ 2 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒใƒซใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ค ใ‚ฝ ใƒใ‚ช ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒ ใƒผ ใƒˆ 101.6g ใจ 1 ไธ€ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒฉ ใ‚ธ ใƒณ 61.7 g ใจ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ 150 ใฎๆททๅˆๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ 2ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑ้‚„ๆตใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅ‡ๅœง็•™ๅŽปใ—ใŸๆฎ‹ๆธฃใซ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ 500^ใ‚’ๅŠ  ใˆใ€ ๆŠ˜ๅ‡บใ—ใŸ็ตๆ™ถใ‚’ๆฟพๅ–ใ—ใฆ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉ 105.0g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 64.3% ) ใ‚’ๅพ— ใŸใ€‚
( 3 ) ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไธ€ 1. 5 โ€” ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒ ใƒซใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ 1, 2๏ผŒ 4 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  ใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ ใฎๅˆๆˆ
(2)ใงๅˆๆˆใ—ใŸ 1 ไธ€ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 ใƒผ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซ ใƒซ ใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚ป ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใ‚ธ ใƒ‰ ยท93.3g ใซใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซ 300 ฮนฯใ€ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ท ใƒ‰ใฎ 28%ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซๆบถๆถฒ 10 ใ‚’ ๅŠ ใˆใฆๅฎคๆธฉไธ‹ 2ๆ™‚้–“ๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใ€ ๆžๅ‡บใ—ใŸ็ตๆ™ถใ‚’ๆฟพๅ–ใ—ใฆ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉ 67.2 g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 78.0%) ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ž็‚น 139 ใ€œ140ใฆ
( 4 ) ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไธ€ 4 ไธ€ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 , 5 โ€” ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซ โ€” 1, 2, 4 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ไธ€ 3 โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ ใฎๅˆๆˆ
(3)ใงๅˆๆˆใ—ใŸใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไธ€ 1 , 5 โ€” ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 ใƒผใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซ ใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 , 2๏ผŒ 4 ใƒผ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  ไธ€ 3 โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ 64.6gใซๆฐดใ‚’ 300 ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆบถ่งฃใ—ใ€ 5 Nใฎๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  lOOffigใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 30'Cใง 2ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅๅฟœๅพŒๅฎคๆธฉไธ‹ใ€ ๆฟƒ ๅกฉ้…ธ 45szยฃใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆไธญๅ’Œใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ๆธ›ๅœงไนพๅ›บใ—ใŸๆฎ‹ๆธฃใ‚’ๆฐด ใ‹ ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ—ใฆ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉ 49.3g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 81.6%) ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ž็‚น 214ใ€œ 215*Cๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏ N M Rใ€ I Rใ€ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚นใบใ‚ฏ ใƒˆ ใƒซใ€ ๅ…ƒ็ด  ๅˆ†ๆŠ˜ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅˆๆˆไพ‹ 2 (ไพ‹็คบๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 2ใฎๅˆๆˆ๏ผ‰
( 1 ) 1 โ€”ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซไธ€ 1 ใƒผใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚ป ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใ‚ธ ใƒ‰ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๅกฉใฎๅˆๆˆ
1 โ€”ใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซไธ€ 1 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒฉ ใ‚ธ ใƒณ 114.2gใซใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซ 600ฮดโˆ‘ฮฒใจๆฐด 300ฮฏฯŽใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใŸๆบถๆถฒใซใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ชใ‚ท ใ‚กใƒใƒผ ใƒˆใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉ 175.3gใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆ 4ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑ้‚„ๆตใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅๅฟœ ๅพŒๅๅฟœๆถฒใ‚’ๆธ›ๅœงไนพๅ›บใ—ใฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ›บๅฝข็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ 1 ยฃใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ—็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉ 169.4g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 66.0%) ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ž็‚น 255 ใฆใ€œ256 ใฆ
( 2 ) ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไธ€ 1 , 5 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซไธ€ 1 ,
2, 4 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ โ€” 3 โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใฎๅˆๆˆ
(1)ใงๅˆๆˆใ—ใŸ 1 ใƒผใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซไธ€ 1 ใƒผใƒก ใƒใƒซโ€” 4 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ป ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใ‚ธ ใƒ‰ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉ 139.8gใซใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ 850 zafiใจใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ท ใƒ‰ใฎ 28%ใƒกใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซๆบถๆถฒ 5 ใ‚’ ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 3ๆ™‚้–“ๅŠ ็†ฑ้‚„ๆตใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฎคๆธฉใพใงๅ†ทๅดใ—ใ€ ๆŠ˜ๅ‡บใ—ใŸ็ตๆ™ถใ‚’ ๆฟพๅ–ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ ๏ผš ๆฐด = 9 ๏ผš 1 ใฎๆททๅˆๆบถๅช’ 2 ยฃใ‹ ใ‚‰ๅ†็ตๆ™ถใ—ใ€ ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉ 99.3g (ๅŽ็Ž‡ 67.9%) ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ž็‚น 300ใฆ ไปฅไธŠ
ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏ N M Rใ€ I Rใ€ ใƒžใ‚นใ‚นใบใ‚ฏ ใƒˆ ใƒซใ€ ๅ…ƒ็ด ๅˆ†ๆž ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅˆๆˆไพ‹ 3 (ไพ‹็คบๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 52ใฎๅˆๆˆ๏ผ‰
ๅˆๆˆไพ‹ 1 ไธ€๏ผˆ1)ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ—ใฆๅˆๆˆใ—ใŸใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒใƒซใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ชใ‚ทใ‚กใƒใƒผ ใƒˆ ใจ 1 โ€”ใƒ›ใƒŽใƒฌใƒŸใƒซไธ€ 1 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒณ ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ€ ๅˆๆˆไพ‹ 1 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ—ใฆ็›ฎ็š„็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ค ใ‚ชใƒณไธ€ 4 ไธ€ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 ใƒผใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 , 2๏ผŒ 4 - ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ‚’ๅˆๆˆใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ž็‚น 231ใ€œ232 'C
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๅฎš็€ๆตดใพใŸใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้‡ใฏ 1 X 1 0 - 5ใ€œ10ใƒขใƒซใƒŽยฃใŒ้ฉๅฝ“ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 1 ฮง 10โ€”3ใƒขใƒซใ€œ 3 ใƒขใƒซ/ aใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ไธญใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ ็ต„ๆˆใŒ A g B r I ( I โ‰ฅ 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…) ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ 0. 5ใ€œ 2 ใƒขใƒซ/ ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ใพใŸใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ็ต„ๆˆใŒ A g B rใ€ A g B r C ยฃใพใŸใฏ้ซ˜ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ ๏ผˆA g C ยฃโ‰ฅ80ใƒขใƒซ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ 0. 1 ใ€œ 1 ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ยฃใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žไปฅๅค–ใฎไป–ใฎใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝต็”จใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ๅพŒ่ฟฐใฎๅฆ‚ใ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใจไฝต็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ†ใ—ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บ ๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใฆใ€ ้€šๅธธ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใชใ„ๆ–นใŒ็กซๅŒ–้˜ฒๆญขใชใฉใฎ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฎš็€ๆ€งใฎๅ‘ไธŠใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž่€…ใ‚‰ใฏใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉไปฅๅค–ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ใ‚’็จฎใ€…ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธญใงใ‚‚ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ้‹ญๆ„ๆคœ่จŽ ใ—ใŸ็ตๆžœใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใจใ—ใฆๆฐดๆบถๆ€งๅŸบใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆๅคงๅน…ใชๅฎš ็€ๆ€งใฎๅ‘ไธŠใŒใฟใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆฐดๆบถๆ€ง็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใ‚’ใ‚‚ ใฃใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚คใ‚ชใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆฐดๆบถ ๆ€ง็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใฎใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซๆฏ”ใน่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใฎ็ฝฎ ๆ›ๅŸบใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚่‰ฏๅŒ–ใ— ใŸใฎใฏไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎ็†็”ฑใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ๆฐดๆบถๆ€ง็ฝฎๆ›ๅŸบใฎๅฐŽๅ…ฅใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฎš็€ๆ™‚ใซ็”Ÿ ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹้Š€้Œฏไฝ“ใŒ่†œๅ†…ใซๆฎ‹ๅญ˜ใ—ใซ ใ ใ ใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒๆ˜Ž ็ขบใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ๅฐšใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๆตดใพใŸใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใฎๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใซๅŠนๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚‰ใฎๆตดไธญใฎๆฟƒๅบฆใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅ‰ๆตดใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คๆฟƒๅบฆใฎ 10_ 3ใ€œ0. 5ๅ€ใŒ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ‰่จ˜็ฌฌ 2 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใซๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ใจใ—ใฆ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ M ) ๅŠใณ ๏ผˆIV ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใƒณ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎ็™บๆ˜Žใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎไธญใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏไปฅไธ‹ใฎ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ใŒ่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ H )
Figure imgf000024_0001
ๅผไธญใ€ Mใฏ็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ็ช’็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ้…ธ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ็กซ้…ธๅŽŸๅญใพใŸใฏ ใ‚ป ใƒฌใƒณๅŽŸๅญใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 5ๅ“กใพใŸใฏ 6ๅ“กใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—. A ! Qใฏ โ€” ฮŸ ฮ˜ใ€ ไธ€ S ฮ˜ใพใŸใฏไธ€ N eโ€” R ฮ—ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
ใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒฉใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒชใƒผใƒซๅŸบใพใŸใฏใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ m ) ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Mใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 5ๅ“กใฎ่ค‡็ด ็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใฏใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ€ ใƒ“ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ธใ‚ก ใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ข ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ต ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ้กž ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
R Hใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒใƒซใ€ ใ‚ง ใƒใƒŽใƒฌใ€ n โ€”ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒŽใƒฌใ€ n โ€”ใƒ–ใƒใƒซใ€ ใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซใ€ n โ€”ใ‚ฉใ‚ฏ ใƒ ใƒŽใƒฌใ€ ใ‚จ ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซ ใƒŽใƒฌใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซใƒก ใƒใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒŽใƒฌ ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ทใ‚ฏๅฃใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ๅฃใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒšใƒณใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ—ใƒญใบใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ— ฯ€ ใบใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‘ใƒซใ‚ฎใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ–ใƒใƒฅใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‘ ใƒซใ‚ฎใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ก ใƒฉใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 ใƒผใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก ็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚กใƒชใƒผใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 ใƒผใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใƒ• ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ• ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 ไธ€ใ‚จ ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœ ใƒ‹ใƒซใƒ• ใƒฆ ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ๅˆใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ ใƒ” ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒŽ ๅŸบใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ Mใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ค‡็ด ็’ฐใฏไบŒ ใƒˆ ๅฃๅŸบใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŽŸๅญ ๏ผˆไพ‹ ใˆใฐๅกฉ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ่‡ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญ็ญ‰๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒ— ใƒˆๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใใ‚Œ ใžใ‚Œ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ง ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบใ€ t ไธ€ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒŽ ใ‚งใƒใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จ ใƒˆ.ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฉใ‚งใƒใƒซ ฯŠใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒŽ ใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚กใƒชใƒผใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ• ใƒฆ ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4ไธ€ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€
3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 ใƒผใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 3 ,
4 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒŽใƒฌใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆ ใฐใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒšใƒณใƒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‘ใƒซใ‚ฎใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚กใƒฉใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐในใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 ไธ€ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ• ใ‚จใƒใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆ ใฐใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ช ใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒผใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ (ไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญ ใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซใƒใ‚ช ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒผใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ฉๅŸบใ€ 4 ใƒผใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ท ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 2 โ€”ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐใƒใ‚ฉๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 2 โ€”ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚บใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒ” ใƒฉใ‚พใƒชใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚จใ‚ฟ ใƒณ ใ‚น ใ‚พใƒฌใƒ› ใƒ‹ใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ p โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒชใƒฌใ‚จ ใƒณ ใ‚น ใ‚พใƒฌใƒ› ใƒ‹ ใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚คใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็ฝฎๆ›ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ซใƒซใƒŽ ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ซใƒŽใƒฌใƒใƒข ใ‚ฃ ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒซใƒŽ Nใƒขใ‚คใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใ‚ซใƒซใƒŽ ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซ ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ (ไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚น ใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒข ใ‚ค ใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚น ใƒŽใƒฌใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒข ใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใบใ‚ฝใ‚บใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ–ใƒญ ใƒ“ใ‚ช ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ p โ€” ใƒˆใƒซใ‚จใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ ใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ไบŒ ใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ– ฮฑ ใƒ“ใƒซใ‚ฆ ใƒฌใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ฅใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ช ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃ ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃ ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒใ‚ชใ‚ขใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ ใ‚ชใ‚ขใ‚ปใƒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 1 โ€”ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ 1 ไธ€ ใƒ“ใบใƒช ใ‚ธใƒŽ ๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4-ใƒ“ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 ไธ€ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒชใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ๅฃใƒ• ใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœ --ใƒซๅŸบ (ไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒใƒซยฝใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒŽ ใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒ ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœไบŒ ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ็”šใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒช ใƒŽๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธใพใŸใฏใใฎๅกฉใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใพใŸใฏใใฎๅกฉใ€ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใชใฉใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ m ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏใ€ ๅกฉ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ้…ธ ๅกฉใ€ ็ก้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ตใƒช ใƒใƒซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ๅกฉ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใƒจใ‚ฆ็ด ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ่‡ญ็ด ้…ธๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) ไธญๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ ฮ‘, ฮ˜ใฏโ€” ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎไธญใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆIV) ใŒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆIV)
Figure imgf000028_0001
ๅผไธญใ€ X, ใฏ NใพใŸใฏ Cไธ€ R 13ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Y, ใฏ 0ใ€ Sใ€ N ใพใŸใฏ Nโ€” R 14ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Zใฏ Nใ€ Nโ€” R15ใพใŸใฏ C _ R 16ใ‚’ ่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
R 12ใ€ R i s. R i 4 R 15ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 16ใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ข ใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒฉใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒผใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ฆ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒขใ‚คใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ ใ‚ชใ‚ขใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ ใ™ใ€‚
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ R 13ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 16ใฏๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
R 1 2 d R 3 1\ 1 2ใจ 1 5ใ€ 1 2 ^ R I 6 R l 4ใจ R l 5 ใ‚ˆใฒ F^ 14 ใจ R 16ใฏ็’ฐใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ไธŠ่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ IV ) ใง็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ ใ‚‹ใ€‚
R 1 2ใ€ R 1 3ใ€ R . . R 1 5ใŠใ‚ˆใณ ใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ nโ€”ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซๅŸบใ€ t ไธ€ใƒ–ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒŽ ใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒ ใƒซใƒใ‚ชใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฉใ‚งใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒŽ ใƒก ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒ ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ท ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ท ใ‚ฏใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒšใƒณใƒใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ท ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ ใˆใฐใƒ—ใƒญใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚กใƒฉใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ ใˆใฏใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒผใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒŠใƒ•ใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4ไธ€ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ• ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ• ใ‚จ ไบŒใƒซๅŸบใ€ 3 , ไธ€ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ• ใ‚จ ไบŒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ 2 โ€” ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 3 โ€” ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 4ไธ€ใƒ”ใƒช ใ‚ธใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2โ€”ใƒใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 1 ไธ€ใ‚ค ใƒŸ ใƒ€ใ‚พใƒช ใƒซๅŸบใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญ ใƒ• ใƒช ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ก ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ก ใ‚ปใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ค ใ‚นใƒฌใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ’ใ‚ฉใƒ‹ใƒซ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ ็”šใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ 4โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒซใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ€ 3 - ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒขใ‚ค ใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบใ€ 3 -ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒข ใ‚ค ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ก ใ‚ท ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚กใ‚ปใƒใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฃ ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒใ‚ชใ‚ขใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ ใˆใฐใƒใ‚ชใ‚ขใ‚ปใƒใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚คใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒ ใƒข ใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒข ใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒข ใ‚ค ใƒซๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ชๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒขใ‚คใƒซๅŸบ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— R z ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 5 ใฏๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆIV) ไธญๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ X , ใฏ Nใ€ Cโ€” R 13ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Y ! ใฏ Nโ€” R , 4ใพใŸใฏ Sใ€ 0ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Zใฏ NใพใŸใฏ Cโ€” R 16ใ‚’่กจ ใ‚ใ—ใ€ R 12ใ€ R 13ใพใŸใฏ R 16ใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซ ๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ› ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใพใŸใฏ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ ใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ— R 13ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R 16ใฏใ€ ๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ R 14 ใฏใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎ ๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใƒใ‚ชใ‚ข ใ‚ทใƒซๅŸบใ€ ็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎใƒใ‚ฉ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒใƒข ใ‚ฃ ใƒซๅŸบใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) , ( W) ใซ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŒๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
Bไธ€ 1
CH; ใƒก
CH; ฮ—3 S2
!
ฮ˜ S ztK ใƒŽ H3
300Z0SH
Lโ€” a
ฮ˜
Figure imgf000031_0001
SI
Nใ€
Figure imgf000031_0002
HO
Figure imgf000031_0003
ฮตฮ—0ฮถฮ—0 ฮ˜ S
ฮŽ ฮ-ฮ-ฮตฮ—3 ฮŠ- a
62
Z.IS80/I6 O r,SlO/06df/X3d t en
t
n cn
CO ft)
CD OO
CO t
Figure imgf000032_0001
- 1
5
31
Figure imgf000033_0001
CHZCH=CH2
Figure imgf000033_0002
Bไธ€ 16,
0
Figure imgf000033_0003
Figure imgf000033_0004
Figure imgf000033_0005
20
Figure imgf000033_0006
CH:
25 B -20. CH3-N^TN
Figure imgf000034_0001
B -21 CHs-.N, N
ใ€ \
CH3" ใ— ใ€
CHzCHz iCH 3 ) 3
e Cยฃ ยฎ
Figure imgf000034_0002
Figure imgf000034_0003
CH2CHzSCH2CHzOH
Figure imgf000034_0004
r t t C71
en
CO t t to to C
O CO cn cn
Figure imgf000035_0001
cn CO
โ‘  โ‘  โ‘  ฮฆ
en
t
Od td ฯ‰
1 1 1 1
CO CO CO CO G CO
CO
ri CO t O
o
CO
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
B -41 Nโ€” N-CH3
ไน‰ยฉ
Figure imgf000037_0002
Figure imgf000037_0003
Figure imgf000037_0004
Figure imgf000037_0005
1 ใ€ , (ฮด) ig- g
;ONH H
02
ฮ˜
o
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000038_0002
;H3
ฮตฮ—0- ฮ˜ ฮ
Nโ€” ฮฮตฮ—3 8ๅœ 9
01
ฮต
Figure imgf000038_0003
ๅœ 9
Figure imgf000038_0004
9ๅœ a
98 SIO/06df/13d 1IS80/I6 OAV t t
n
00 td cn cn cn
CO t
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
B -59. CzHsOOCCHz.N^N
ไน‚ S ยฉ
CHzCOOCzH,
e
Figure imgf000040_0002
COOCzH:
sยฉ
Figure imgf000040_0003
OCzHs
Figure imgf000040_0004
ไน‚
CHzCOOCzH
Figure imgf000041_0001
CH:
B -65, CH3- ^r
CH ๅ…ฅ oe
CH; ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ‰่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ BI ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆ IV ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒชไธ€๏ผˆ J . Heterocyclic Chera.) 2_. 105 (1965)ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใ‚ฉ โ€”ใ‚ฌใƒ‹ ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒช ไธ€ ๏ผˆJ. Org. Chem.) 32 ใ€ 2245 (1967) ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ . ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆJ. Chem. Soc.) 3799 (1969) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใ‚ขใƒก ใƒช ใ‚ซ ใƒณ โ™ฆ ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝ' ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆJ. Am. Chem. Soc.) 80 1895 (1958) ใ€ ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซ . ใ‚ณ ใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใƒฆใ‚ฒใƒผใ‚ทใƒจ ใƒณ๏ผˆChem. Commun.) 1222 (1971) ใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒ˜ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใƒณ ใ€Š ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚น๏ผˆTetrahedron Lett.) 2939 (1972) ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ ๆ˜ญ 60- 87322ๅทใ€ ใƒ™ใƒช ใƒ’ใƒ† ' ใƒ‡ใ‚ก ' ใƒ‰ใ‚ค ใƒ„ใƒใ‚งใ‚ฝ ยท ใธใƒŸ ใƒ„ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒณ โ€ข ใ‚ฒใ‚ผใ‚พใƒฌใ‚ทใƒ• ๅœ (Berichte der Deu tschen Chem i schen Gesel 1 s chaf t) 38 ใ€ 4049 (1905) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ณ ใƒŸ ใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ U. Chem. Soc.
Chem. Commun.) 1224 (1971)ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60- 122936ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60 -117240ๅทใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒ‰ใƒŽใน'ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ฃ ใ‚บ ' ใ‚ค ใƒณ ' ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒชไธ€ (Advances in Heterocycl ic Chemistry) 19 ใƒฝ 1 (1976)ใ€ ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใธ ใƒˆ'ใƒญ ใƒณ ยท ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚บ๏ผˆTetrahedron Letters) 5881 (1968) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ยท ใƒ˜ใƒ†ใƒญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸ ใ‚น ๅœ ใฒไธ€ U- Heterocyclic Chem.) 5_. 277 (1968) . ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠ ใƒซ ยท ใ‚ฉใƒ– โ™ฆ ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ' ใƒŽใƒฝ 'ไธ€ใ‚ญใƒณ ' ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใ‚ถใ‚ฏ ใ‚ท ใƒง ใƒณ IU. Chem. Soc, , Perkin Trans. I) 627 (1974)ใ€ ใƒ† ๅœ ใƒฉ ใธ ใƒ‰-ใƒญ ใƒณ ยท ใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚น (Tetrahedron Letters) 1809 (1967) ใ€ ๅŒ 1578 (1971) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ' ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚ซใƒซ ' ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚กใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆJ. Chem. Soc.) 899 (1935)ใ€ ๅŒ 2865 (1959) ใ€ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใƒŠใƒซ ยท ใ‚ฉใƒ– ' ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฌใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ฑ ใƒŸใ‚น ใƒˆ ใƒชใƒผ๏ผˆJ. Org. Chem.) 30- 567 (1965)็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅˆๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆIV) ใฎ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใŠใ„ใฆ ใ€Œไป–ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใช ใ„ใ€ ใจใฏใ€ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏไป–ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ 0.05ใƒขใƒซใƒŽยฃไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝ ใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 0.01ใƒขใƒซใƒŽยฃไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไป–ใฎ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใชใ„ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ้€šๅธธใ”ใไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ็”จ ใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆœฌ็™บ ๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆœ‰ๅŠนใซๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ•ใ›ใ†ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใฎ ใฏไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใงไฝฟ็”จใ• ใ‚Œใ‚‹้‡ใฏใ€ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใ† ใ‚‹้‡ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฏ 1 ใ‚บ๏ผš^ ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ยฃไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ 1. 5 X10-1ใƒขใƒซ Z ไปฅไธŠใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ 2 X10-1 ใƒขใƒซ Z ฯ‹ไปฅไธŠใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ 2 X10 -1ใ€œ 3 ใƒขใƒซ/ iใŒ็‰นใซๅฅฝ ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ไธญใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒ ใƒณ็ต„ๆˆใŒ A g B r I ( I โ‰ฅ 1 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธŠๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 3ใ€œ15ใƒขใƒซ %) ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ 0. 5ใ€œ 2 ใƒขใƒซ/ ยฃใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 1. 2ใ€œ 2 ใƒขใƒซ/ ยฃใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณ็ต„ๆˆใŒ A g B rใ€ A g B r C ยฃใพใŸใฏ้ซ˜ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ ๏ผˆ A g C ยฃ โ‰ฅ80ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ… ไปฅไธŠ๏ผ‰ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ 0 . 2ใ€œ0. 9 ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใ‚ˆ ใ‚Šๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 0. 4ใ€œ0. 9ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ยฃใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๅ‰่€…ใฏ้€šๅธธๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใŒๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๅคšใ„ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 2ใ€œ10 g Zm z) ๆ’ฎ ๅฝฑ็”จๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅพŒ่€…ใฏ้€šๅธธๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใŒๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๅฐ‘ใช ใ„ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 0. 4 ใ€œ0. 9g Znt 2) ใƒ–ใƒช ใƒณ ใƒˆ็”จๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฟ‘ๅนดไฝŽ่ฃœๅ……ๅŒ–ใŒ้€ฒใ‚€ใซใคใ‚Œใฆๅ„ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆตดใจใ‚‚ๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใฎๅ‘ไธŠใŒ ๆœ›ใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใŠใ‚ˆใณใใฎๅพŒๆตดใฎๆฐดๆด—ๆตดใฎๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใซ ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ•้กŒใฏๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใฎ้…ธๅŒ–ๅŠฃๅŒ–ใซ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹็กซๅŒ–็‰ฉใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฉฒๆฐดๆด—ๆตดใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใฏๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใŒๆฐดๆด—ๆตดใซๆŒใก่พผใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ้…ธๅŒ–้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใŒ้€šๅธธ็”จ ใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ไฝŽ่ฃœๅ……ๅŒ–ใฎ้š›ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใฎไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใ‚’ ๅข—ใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใฏๆบถ่งฃๆ€งใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚„ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใŒ้…ธๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹่Š’็ก ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ็”Ÿๆˆใชใฉใฎๅ•้กŒใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่งฃๆฑบใงใใช ใ ใชใคใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž่€…ใ‚‰ใฏใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹้…ธๅŒ–ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ใ‚’็จฎใ€…ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸ็ตๆžœใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๅฎš็€่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใจใ‚‚ใซ้…ธๅŒ–ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงไฝŽ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฎๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ็”ŸๆˆใŒใชใ„ใ“ ใจใ€ ๅˆใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒช ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใซๆฏ”ในๅฐใ• ใ็‰นใซ้ซ˜้›ป ไฝ้…ธๅŒ–ๅ‰คใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซใŠใ„ใฆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒ่€้…ธๅŒ–ๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใ‹ใคๅฎš็€ๆ€งใ‚‚่‰ฏๅฅฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ็†็”ฑใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ่Šณ้ฆ™็’ฐใซ็ตๅˆใ—ใŸไธ€ S ฮ˜ๅŸบใ€ ไธ€ ฮ ฮ˜ ฮš ฮ—ๅŸบใชใฉ ใŒ้…ธๅŒ–ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‡ ็š„ๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ๅˆใ€ ไธ€ S OๅŸบใ€
ไธ€ N ฮ˜ R ๅŸบใชใฉใฎ้›ป่ทใŒไบ’ๅค‰็•ฐๆ€งใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธญๅ’Œใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ๆง‹้€ ใซ ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚้Š€ใจใฎ่ฆชๅ’Œๆ€งใŒๅคงใใ„ใ“ใจใชใฉใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŒ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใŒ่‰ฏๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎ่†œๅ†…ๆฎ‹ ๅญ˜ใฎไธป่–ฌ้‡ใŒๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไบˆๆƒณใ•ใ‚Œ็พๅœจ่งฃๆŠ˜ไธญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅฐšใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๆตดใพใŸใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ ๆฐดๆด—ๆตดใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ้˜ฒๆญขใซใฏๅŠนๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฎๆตดไธญใฎๆฟƒๅบฆใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅ‰ๆตดใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คๆฟƒๅบฆใฎ 10โ€” 3ใ€œ0. 5ๅ€ใŒๅฅฝ ใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉไธ€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŠใ‚ˆใณใใ‚Œใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซ้’ ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคใ€ ็ท‘ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคใ€ ่ตคๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎๅฐ‘ ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1ๅฑคใŒ่จญใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคๅŠ ใณ้žๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใฎๅฑคๆ•ฐๅŠใณๅฑค้ †ใซ็‰นใซๅˆถ้™ใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชไพ‹ใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซใ€ ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใชใ ใจ ใ‚‚ 1 ใคๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ฉฒๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใฏ ้’่‰ฒๅ…‰ใ€ ็ท‘่‰ฒๅ…‰ๅŠใณ่ตค่‰ฒๅ…‰ใฎไฝ•ใ‚Œใ‹ใซๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜ไฝๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ ๆ€งๅฑคใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅคšๅฑคใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใซๅ˜ไฝๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใฎ้…ๅˆ—ใŒใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ๅดใ‹ใ‚‰้ †ใซ่ตคๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคใ€ ็ถ ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคใ€ ้’ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคใฎ้ †ใซ่จญ็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็›ฎ็š„ใซๅฟœ ใ˜ใฆไธŠ่จ˜่จญ็ฝฎ้ †ใŒ้€†ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใพใŸๅŒไธ€ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒๆ€งๅฑคไธญใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใŒๆŒŸใพใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จญ็ฝฎ้ †ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใจใ‚Šใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜ใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใฎ้–“ๅŠใณๆœ€ไธŠๅฑคใ€'ๆœ€ไธ‹ๅฑคใซใฏๅ„ ็จฎใฎไธญ้–“ๅฑค็ญ‰ใฎ้žๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใ‚’่จญใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
่ฉฒไธญ้–“ๅฑคใซใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61 - 43748ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 59- 113438ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 59 - 113440ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61-20037ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61 -20038ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ ใ†ใชใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ D I RๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ็ญ‰ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ้€šๅธธ็”จ ใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๅ„ๅ˜ไฝๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฏใ€ ่ฅฟ ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 1,121, 470ๅทใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 923, 045ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œ ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ€ ไฝŽๆ„Ÿๅบฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎ 2ๅฑคๆง‹ๆˆใ‚’ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ็”จ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฏใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ้ †ๆฌกๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใŒไฝŽ ใ ใชใ‚‹ๆง˜ใซ้…ๅˆ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใใ€ ใพใŸๅ„ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎ้–“ ใซใฏ้žๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑคใŒ่จญใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 57- 112751ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62- 200350ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62-206541ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62-206543ๅท็ญ‰ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅดใซไฝŽๆ„Ÿๅบฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅดใซ้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ‚’่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ใ„ๅดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝŽๆ„Ÿๅบฆ้’ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค (B L ) ใƒŽ้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆ้’ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค ๏ผˆ B H ) ใƒŽ้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆ็ถ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค ๏ผˆ G H ) ใƒŽไฝŽๆ„Ÿๅบฆ็ท‘ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค ๏ผˆ G L ) ใƒŽ้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆ่ตคๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค ๏ผˆ R H ) ZไฝŽๆ„Ÿๅบฆ่ตคๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค ๏ผˆ R L ) ใฎ้ †ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ B H/B LใƒŽ G L / G H ZR H /R Lใฎ้ †ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ B HZ B L ZG HZG L /R L /R Hใฎ้ †็ญ‰ใซ่จญ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 55-34932ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ใ„ๅดใ‹ใ‚‰้’ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค/ *G HใƒŽ R H ZG L ZR Lใฎ้ † ใซ้…ๅˆ—ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 56-25738ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62- 63936ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ใ„ ๅดใ‹ใ‚‰้’ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งๅฑค ZG LใƒŽ R L ZG HZR Hใฎ้ †ใซ้…ๅˆ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 49- 15495ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธŠๅฑคใ‚’ๆœ€ ใ‚‚ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ€ ไธญๅฑคใ‚’ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใ‚‚ไฝŽใ„ๆ„Ÿ ๅ…‰ๅบฆใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ€ ไธ‹ๅฑคใ‚’ไธญๅฑคใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใ‚‚ๆ›ดใซๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใฎไฝŽ ใƒใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ‚’้…็ฝฎใ—ใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใŒ้ † ๆฌกไฝŽใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ 3ๅฑคใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้…ๅˆ—ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅบฆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ 3ๅฑคใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 59 - 202464ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅŒไธ€ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ ๆ€งๅฑคไธญใซใŠใ„ใฆๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅดใ‹ใ‚‰ไธญๆ„Ÿๅบฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑค /้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆ ไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ZไฝŽๆ„Ÿๅบฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎ้ †ใซ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็จฎใ€…ใฎๅฑค ๆง‹ๆˆ โ™ฆ ้…ๅˆ—ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒใ€ ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผใƒใ‚ฌใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ๅˆ ใฏใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๅ่ปขใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ใใฎๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใซๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œ ใ‚‹ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใฏ็ด„ 30ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€ ๆฒƒ ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใ€ ๆฒƒๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏๆฒƒๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็‰นใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ ใฎใฏ็ด„ 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ‹ใ‚‰็ด„ 25ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใพใงใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏๆฒƒๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒใ€ ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซ ใฏใ€ ใใฎๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใซ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ่ณช ็š„ใซๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚’่ˆใพใชใ„ๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ๅฅฝใพใ— ใ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚’่ˆใพใช ใ„ใจใฏใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰็Ž‡ใŒ 1 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 0 . 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ… ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ„ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ็ต„ๆˆใซใค ใ„ใฆใฏไปปๆ„ใฎ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎๆฏ”็Ž‡ใฏ็›ฎ็š„ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅบƒใ„็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใ‚’ใจใ‚Š ใ†ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ๆฏ”็Ž‡ใŒ 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใซ ้ฉใ—ใŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰็Ž‡ใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ๆ‰€่ฌ‚้ซ˜ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใŒๅฅฝ ใพ ใ— ใ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ซ˜ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰็Ž‡ใฏใ€ 90ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธŠใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใใ€ 95ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธŠใŒๆ›ดใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็พๅƒ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใ‚’ไฝŽๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€ ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰็Ž‡ใŒ 98ใ€œ99.9ใƒข ใƒซ๏ผ…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใปใผ็ด”ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ใฎไนณๅ‰คใ‚‚ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคไธญใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฏใ€ ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ ๅ…ซ้ขไฝ“ใ€ ๅๅ›› ้ขไฝ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใช็ตๆ™ถใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ็ƒ็Šถใ€ ๆฟ็Šถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ๅค‰ๅ‰‡็š„ใ‚’็ตๆ™ถๅฝขใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถ้ขใชใฉใฎ็ตๆ™ถๆฌ ้™ฅใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใฎ็ฒ’ๅพ„ใฏใ€ ็ด„ 0. 2 ไปฅไธ‹ใฎๅพฎ็ฒ’ๅญใงใ‚‚ๆŠ•ๅฝฑ้ข็ฉ ็›ดๅพ„ใŒ็ด„ 10 ใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใงใฎๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ็ฒ’ๅญใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใ ใ€ ๅคšๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰ค ใงใ‚‚ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒช ใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒ . ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ ใ‚นใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃไธ€ ๏ผˆไปฅไธ‹ใ€ R D ใจ่จ˜ใ™๏ผ‰ No.17643 (1978 ๅนด 12ๆœˆ๏ผ‰๏ผŒ 22 ใ€œ23้ ๏ผŒ "I. ไนณๅ‰ค่ฃฝ้€  ๏ผˆEmulsion preparation and types)" ใ€ ๅŠใณๅŒ No.18716 (1979ๅนด 11ๆœˆ๏ผ‰๏ผŒ 648้ ใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒฉ ใƒ•ใ‚ญใƒ‡่‘— ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸใฎ็‰ฉ็†ใจๅŒ–ๅญฆใ€ ๏ผŒ ใƒใƒผใƒซใƒข ใƒณใƒ†ใƒซ็คพๅˆŠ ๏ผˆP.Glaf k i des , Chera i c e t Ph i s i que Pho tograph i que , Paul Hon tel , 1967) ใ€ ใƒ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒณ่‘— ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅŒ–ๅญฆใ€ ๏ผŒ ใƒ• ใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ซใƒซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚น็คพๅˆŠ (G. F. Duff in, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry (Focal
Press, 1966)) ใ€ ใ‚ผใƒช ใ‚ฏใƒž ใƒณ่‘— ใ€Œๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ใจๅก—ๅธƒใ€ ใ€ ใƒ• ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ซใƒŽใƒฌใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚น็คพๅˆŠ (V. L. Zelikman e t al.๏ผŒ Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, Focal Press , 1964) ใชใฉใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 574, 628ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 655๏ผŒ 394ๅทๅŠใณ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 1,413, 748ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใ‚‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ใ‚กใ‚นใบใ‚ฏ ใƒˆๆฏ”ใŒ็ด„ 5ไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅนณๆฟ็Šถ็ฒ’ๅญใ‚‚ๆœฌ ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅนณๆฟ็Šถ็ฒ’ๅญใฏใ€ ใ‚ฌ ใƒˆใƒ•่‘—ใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉ ใƒˆใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ยท ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚น ยท ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ‰ ยท ใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ข ใƒช ใƒณใ‚ฐ ๏ผˆ Gu tof f , Phot ograph i c Science and Engineering) ๅผŸ 14 248ใ€œ 2ฮฐ /ๆŒบ
(1970ๅนด๏ผ‰ ๏ผ› ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 434, 226ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 414, 310ๅทใ€ ๅŒ
4, 433, 048ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 439๏ผŒ 520ๅทๅŠใณ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 112, 157ๅทใชใฉ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็ตๆ™ถๆง‹้€ ใฏไธ€ๆง˜ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจใจๅค–้ƒจใจใŒ็•ฐ่ณชใชใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ ็ต„ๆˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ๅฑค็Šถๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ใชใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€ ใพ ใŸใ€ ใ‚งใƒ“ใ‚ฟใ‚ญใ‚ท ใƒฃใƒซๆŽฅๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็ต„ๆˆใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใŒ ๆŽฅๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ใพใŸไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒญใƒ€ใƒณ้Š€ใ€ ้…ธๅŒ–้‰›ใชใฉใฎใƒ ฯ€ใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไปฅๅค–ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจๆŽฅๅˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใพใŸ็จฎใ€…ใฎ็ตๆ™ถๅฝขใฎ็ฒ’ๅญใฎๆททๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใƒ ฯ€ใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€ ็‰ฉ็†็†Ÿๆˆใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„ŸๅŠใณๅˆ†ๅ…‰ๅข— ๆ„Ÿใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็‰ฉ็†็†Ÿๆˆใฎ้Ž็จ‹ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ็จฎใ€… ใฎ ๅคšไพก้‡‘ๅฑžใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไธ็ด”็‰ฉ ๏ผˆใ‚ซ ใƒ‰ ใƒŸ ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ไบœ้‰›ใ€ ้‰›ใ€ ้Š…ใ€ ใ‚ฟ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ้‰„ใ€ ใƒซใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใƒญ ใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใƒŽใƒฝ 'ใƒฉ ใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ชใ‚น ใƒŸ ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ค ใƒช ใ‚ธ ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ€ ็™ฝ้‡‘ใชใฉใฎๅกฉใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ้Œฏๅกฉใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62-215272 ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 18้ ๅณไธ‹ๆฌ„ใ€œ็ฌฌ 22้ ๅณไธŠๆฌ„ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ ใฎใ‚ˆ ใ† ใชๅทฅ็จ‹ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆทปๅŠ ๅ‰คใฏ R D No. 17643ๅŠใณๅŒ No.18716ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎ่ฉฒๅฝ“'็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅพŒๆŽฒใฎ ่กจใซใพ ใจใ‚ใŸใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๅ†™็œŸ็”จๆทปๅŠ ๅ‰คใ‚‚ไธŠ ่จ˜ใฎ 2ใคใฎ R Dใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎ่กจใซ้–ฌ้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่จ˜่ผ‰็ฎ‡ ๆ‰€ใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆทปๅŠ ๅ‰ค็จฎ้กž R D 17643 R D 18716
1 ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿๅ‰ค 23้  648้ ๅณๆฌ„
2 ๆ„ŸๅบฆไธŠๆ˜‡ๅ‰ค ๅŒ ไธŠ
3 ๅˆ†ๅ…‰ๅข—ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใ€ 23ใ€œ24้  648้ ๅณๆฌ„ใ€œ
ๅผท่‰ฒๅขžๆ„Ÿๅ‰ค 649้ ๅณๆฌ„
4 ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰ค 24้ 
5 ใ‹ใถใ‚Š้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค 24ใ€œ25้  649้ ๅณๆฌ„ใ€œ
ๅŠใณๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
ๅ…‰ๅธๅŽๅ‰คใ€ 25ใ€œ26้  649้ ๅณๆฌ„ใ€œ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ 650้ ๅทฆๆฌ„
็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค
7 ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค 25้ ๅณๆฌ„ 650้ ๅทฆใ€œๅณๆฌ„ 8 ่‰ฒ็ด ็”ปๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค 25้ 
9 ็กฌ่†œๅ‰ค 26้  651้ ๅทฆๆฌ„
10 ใƒ‘ใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ไธ€ 26้  ๅŒ ไธŠ
11 ๅฏๅก‘ๅ‰คใ€ ๆฝคๆป‘ๅ‰ค 27้  650้ ๅณๆซŠ
12 ๅก—ๅธƒๅŠฉๅ‰ค 26้  ' 27้  650้ ๅณๆซš
่กจ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰ค
13 ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒ ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ 27้  ๅŒ ไธŠ
้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค
ใพใŸใ€ ใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใ‚ฌใ‚นใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๅ†™็œŸๆ€ง่ƒฝใฎๅŠฃๅŒ–ใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ™ ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 4 , 411 , 987ๅทใ‚„ๅŒ 4 , 435๏ผŒ 503ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใจๅๅฟœใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ›บๅฎšๅŒ–ใงใใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ ใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏ็จฎใ€…ใฎใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ€ ใใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใฏๅ‰ๅ‡บใฎ R DNo.17643 ใ€ Wโ€” Cใ€œ Gใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็‰น่จฑใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ‚ค ใ‚ง ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 933๏ผŒ 501 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 022, 620 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4,326,024 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 401, 752 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 248, 961 ๅทใ€ ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 58- 10739ๅทใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 1 , 425, 020 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1,476, 760ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 973, 968ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 314, 023ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 511, 649ๅทใ€ ๆฌงๅทž็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 249.473Aๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใจใ—ใฆใฏ 5โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒญ ใƒณ็ณปๅŠใณใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒญใ‚ข ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็ณปใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 310, 619 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 351, 897ๅทใ€ ๆฌงๅทž็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 73, 636ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 061 , 432ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 725, 064ๅทใ€ R DNa24220 (1984ๅนด 6ๆœˆ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60-33552 ๅทใ€ R DNo.24230 (1984ๅนด 6ๆœˆ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60-43659ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61- 72238ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60-35730ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 55-118034ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60-185951ๅทใ€ ็ฑณ ๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 500, 630ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 540, 654ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 556, 630ๅทใ€
W 0 ( P C T ) 88Z04795ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็‰นใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใƒฑใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ็ณปๅŠใณใƒŠใƒ• ใƒˆใƒผใƒซ็ณปๅŠ› ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 05^,212ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 146, 396ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 228, 233ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 296, 200ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 369, 929ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 801, 171 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 772,162ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 895, 826ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 772, 002ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 758, 308ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 334, 011ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4๏ผŒ327,173ๅทใ€ ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑๅ…ฌ้–‹ ็ฌฌ 3, 329, 729ๅทใ€ ๆฌงๅทž็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 121 , 365Aๅทใ€ ๅŒ 249,453Aๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 446, 622ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 333, 999ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 753, 871ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 451, 559ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 427, 767ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 690, 889ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 254, 212 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 296, 199ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61-42658ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใ— ใ„ใ€‚
็™บ่‰ฒ่‰ฒ็ด ใฎไธ่ฆๅธๅŽใ‚’่ฃœๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผ ใƒ‰ ยท ใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใฏ R DNo.17643 ใฎ VIโ€” G้ …ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 163, 670ๅทใ€ ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 57 -39413ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 004, 929ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 138, 258ๅทใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ ็ฌฌ 1,146, 368 ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 774,181ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ซ ใƒ„ใƒ—ใƒช ใƒณใ‚ฐๆ™‚ใซๆ”พๅ‡บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่›ๅ…‰่‰ฒ็ด ใซ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็™บ่‰ฒ่‰ฒ็ด ใฎไธ่ฆๅธๅŽใ‚’่ฃœๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ‚„ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ ็ฌฌ 4, 777, 120ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใจๅๅฟœใ—ใฆ่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใ† ใ‚‹ ่‰ฒ็ด ใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚ซใƒผใ‚ตไธ€ๅŸบใ‚’้›ข่„ฑๅŸบใจใ—ใฆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
็™บ่‰ฒ่‰ฒ็ด ใŒ้ฉๅบฆใชๆ‹กๆ•ฃๆ€งใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒฉไธ€ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น ่จฑ็ฌฌ 4,366, 237ๅทใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 125๏ผŒ 570ๅทใ€ ๆฌงๅทž็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 96, 570 ๅทใ€ ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ ๏ผˆๅ…ฌ้–‹๏ผ‰ ็ฌฌ 3, 234, 533ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่‰ฒ็ด ๅฝขๆˆใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใฎๅ…ธๅž‹ไพ‹ใฏใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 451, 820ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 080, 211ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 367, 282ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 409, 320 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4,576, 910ๅทใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 2, 102, 173ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅŠ› ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒช ใƒณใ‚ฐใซไผดใฃใฆๅ†™็œŸ็š„ใซๆœ‰็”จใชๆฎ‹ๅŸบใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒฉ ไธ€ใ‚‚ใพใŸๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็พๅƒๆŠ‘ๅˆถๅ‰คใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ D I Rใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใฏใ€ ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎ R D 17643 ใ€ V๏ผใ€œ F้ …ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ็‰น่จฑใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 57-151944ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 57-154234ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60 - 184248ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-37346ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 4, 248, 962ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4 , 782, 012ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ• ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
็พๅƒๆ™‚ใซ็”ปๅƒ็Šถใซ้€ ๆ ธๅ‰คใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็พๅƒไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใƒ– ใƒฉใƒผใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2,097, 140ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 131, 188ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ ๆ˜ญ 59-157638ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 59- 170840ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใใฎไป–ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใฎใงใใ‚‹ ใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 130, 427ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ็ซถไบ‰ๅŠ› ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4๏ผŒ283,472ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 338, 393ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4๏ผŒ310,618 ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅคšๅฝ“้‡ใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60-185950ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62- 24252ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ D I R ใƒฌ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉๆ”พๅ‡บใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ DIR ๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผๆ”พๅ‡บๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ€ D I Rใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผๆ”พๅ‡บใƒฌ ใƒ‰ ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏใ‚นๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏ D I R ใƒฌ ใƒ‰ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏใ‚นๆ”พๅ‡บใƒฌ ใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ๆฌงๅทž็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 173, 302Aๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ้›ข่„ฑๅพŒๅพฉ่‰ฒใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚’ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ€ R D ฮฮฑ11449 ใ€ ๅŒ 24241ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61-201247ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝ ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คๆ”พๅ‡บใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 553, 477ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒชใ‚ฌ ใƒณ ใƒ‰ๆ”พๅ‡บใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 63-75747ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒญใ‚ค ใ‚ณ่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚’ๆ”พ ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 774, 181ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ่›ๅ…‰่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚’ ๆ”พๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ็ญ‰ใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใฏใ€ ็จฎใ€…ใฎๅ…ฌ ็Ÿฅๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฐดไธญๆฒนๆปดๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๆณ•ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้ซ˜ๆฒธ็‚นๆบถๅช’ใฎไพ‹ใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ
2, 322, 027ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๆฐดไธญๆฒนๆปดๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๆณ•ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅธธๅœงใงใฎๆฒธ็‚นใŒ 175ใฆไปฅไธŠใฎ้ซ˜ๆฒธ็‚นๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅ‰คใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใจใ— ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒซ้…ธใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆใ‚ธใƒ–ใƒใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธ ใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ธไธ€ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒ‡ใ‚ท ใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ2, 4 โ€”ใ‚ธไธ€ t โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒซใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌ ใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ2, 4 โ€”ใ‚ธไธ€ t ใƒผใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒซใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ 1 , 1 ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒช ใƒณ้…ธใพ ใŸใฏใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใฎใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฏ ใƒฌใ‚ธใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚จใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ธใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซใƒ›ใ‚น ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒผ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒ ใƒซใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใƒฅใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใƒฆใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒ– ใƒˆใƒฐใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใ‚จไธ€ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฏ ๅฃ ใƒญใƒ–ๅฃ ใƒ“ใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ•ใƒฑไธ€ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ธโ€” 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใƒ•ใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒใƒผ ใƒˆใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๅฎ‰ๆฏ้ฆ™ ้…ธใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚งโ€” ใƒˆใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒŽใƒฌใน ใƒณใ‚พใ‚งไธ€ ใƒˆใ€ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซไธ€ p โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใ‚จใƒผ ใƒˆใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰้กž ๏ผˆ N , Nโ€”ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ซ ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€ ฮ' , N ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒฉใ‚ฆ ใƒช ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€ N โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ“ใƒญ ใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซ้กžใพใŸใฏใƒ• ใƒฑใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ข ใƒช ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซใ€ 2 , 4 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒผ ter tโ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒซใƒ•ใƒฆใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ่„‚่‚ชๆ—ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ ใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ปใƒใ‚ฒใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚ฉใ‚ฏ ใƒใƒซใ‚กใ‚ผใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ปใƒญใƒผใƒซ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒ–ใƒใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ก ใƒช ใƒซใƒฉใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ชใ‚ฏใƒใƒซใ‚ท ใƒˆ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒช ใƒณ่ช˜ๅฐŽ ไฝ“ ๏ผˆ N , N โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ–ใƒใƒซโ€” 2 โ€”ใƒ– ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทไธ€ 5 โ€” ter tโ€”ใ‚ฉใ‚ฏใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒฆใƒช ใƒณใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็‚ญๅŒ–ๆฐด็ด ้กž ๏ผˆใƒ‘ใƒฉใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒซใƒŠใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒณใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸๆ•ๅŠฉ ๆบถๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๆฒธ็‚นใŒ็ด„ 30 'CไปฅไธŠใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 50 'CไปฅไธŠ็ด„ 160 โ€ขCไปฅไธ‹ใฎๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅ‰คใชใฉใŒไฝฟ็”จใงใใ€ ๅ…ธๅž‹ไพ‹ใจ ใ—ใฆใฏ้…ข้…ธใƒฑใƒใƒซใ€ ้…ข้…ธใƒ–ใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใ‚ชใƒณ้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ฑ ใƒˆ ใƒณใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ฯ€ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ 2 โ€”ใ‚จ ใƒˆใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ขใ‚ปใƒ†ใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ›ใƒซ ใƒ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒฉใƒ† ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏใ‚นๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๆณ•ใฎๅทฅ็จ‹ใ€ ๅŠนๆžœๅŠใณๅซๆตธ็”จใฎใƒฉใƒ† ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ใ‚นใฎๅ…ท ไฝ“ไพ‹ใฏใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4 , 199 , 363ๅทใ€ ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑๅ‡บ้ก˜ ๏ผˆ O L S ) ็ฌฌ 2๏ผŒ 541 , 274ๅทๅŠใณๅŒ 2 , 541๏ผŒ230ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใฏๅ‰่จ˜ใฎ้ซ˜ๆฒธ็‚นๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅช’ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจไธ‹ใพ ใŸใฏไธๅญ˜ๅœจไธ‹ใงใƒญใƒผใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใƒฉ ใƒ† ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ใ‚นใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น ่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 203, 716ๅท๏ผ‰ ใซ่ˆๆตธใ•ใ›ใฆใ€ ใพใŸใฏๆฐดไธๆบถๆ€งใ‹ใคๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถ ๅช’ๅฏๆบถๆ€งใฎใƒœใƒช ใƒžใƒผใซๆบถใ‹ใ—ใฆ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณๅฃใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใซไนณๅŒ–ๅˆ† ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏใ€ ๅ›ฝ้š›ๅ…ฌ้–‹็•ชๅท W 088/00723ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใฎ็ฌฌ 12ใ€œ 30้ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ˜็‹ฌ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใพใŸใฏๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒชใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰็ณปใƒใƒชใƒžไธ€ใฎไฝฟ็”จใŒ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–็ญ‰ใฎไธŠใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฏ็จฎใ€…ใฎๅŠ›ใƒฉไธ€ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ้ฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไธ€ ่ˆฌ็”จใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏๆ˜ ็”ป็”จใฎๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผใƒใ‚ฌใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ใ€ ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚ค ใƒ‰็”จใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏใƒ† ใƒฌใƒ“็”จใฎใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅ่ปขใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผในไธ€ใƒ‘ไธ€ใ€ ็›ดๆŽฅใƒใ‚ธ ๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผใƒœใ‚ธใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ๅŠใณๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผๅ่ปขใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผ ใชใฉใ‚’ไปฃ่กจไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้ฉๅฝ“ใชๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎ R D. No.17643ใฎ 28้ ใ€ ๅŠใณๅŒ No.18716ใฎ 647้ ๅณๆฌ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ 648้ ๅทฆๆฌ„ใซ่จ˜ ่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅดใฎๅ…จ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ๅฑคใฎ่†œๅŽšใฎ็ทๅ’ŒใŒ 25 ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 20ๅฟไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใค ่†œ่†จๆฝค้€Ÿๅบฆ T 1 /2 ใŒ 30็ง’ไปฅไธ‹ ๏ผˆๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 15็ง’ไปฅไธ‹๏ผ‰ ใŒๅฅฝใพใ— ใ„ใ€‚ ่†œๅŽšใฏใ€ 25'C็›ธๅฏพๆนฟๅบฆ 55%่ชฟๆนฟไธ‹ ๏ผˆ 2 ๆ—ฅ๏ผ‰ ใงๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸ่†œๅŽš ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ่†œ่†จๆฝค้€Ÿๅบฆ T 1/2 ใฏใ€ ๅฝ“่ฉฒๆŠ€่ก“ๅˆ†้‡ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎ ๆ‰‹ๆณ•ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚จใƒผ ' ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒผใƒณ (A. Green)ใ‚‰ใซใ‚ˆ ใ‚Š ใƒ•ใ‚ฉ ใƒˆ ใ‚ฐใƒฉ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ 'ใƒณ ใ‚ฏ ' ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚น ' ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ‰ . ใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ข ใƒช ใƒณใ‚ฐ๏ผˆPhotogr. Sci. Eng.) . 19ๅทปใ€ 2ๅทใ€ 124 ใ€œ129้ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅž‹ใฎใ‚นใ‚จใƒญใƒกใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ ๏ผˆ่†จๆฝค่จˆ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใงๆธฌๅฎšใงใใ€ T 1 / 2 ใฏ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒใง 30ใฆใ€ 0. ๅˆ† 15็ง’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใŸ ๆ™‚ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅคง่†จๆฝค่†œๅŽšใฎ 90 %ใ‚’้ฃฝๅ’Œ่†œๅŽšใจใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎ 1 /2 ใฎ ่†œๅŽšใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจๅฎš็พฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่†œ่†จๆฝค้€Ÿๅบฆ ฮค 1 / 2 ใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ไธ€ใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณใซ็กฌ่†œๅ‰ค ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅก—ๅธƒๅพŒใฎ็ตŒๆ™‚ๆกไปถใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใค ใฆ่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ่†จๆฝค็Ž‡ใฏ 150ใ€œ400 %ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ„ใ€‚ ่†จๆฝค็Ž‡ใจใฏใ€ ใ•ใใซ่ฟฐในใŸๆกไปถไธ‹ใงใฎๆœ€ๅคง่†จๆฝค่†œๅŽšใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅผ ๏ผš ๏ผˆๆœ€ๅคง่†จๆพ—่†œไธ€่†œๅŽš๏ผ‰ ใƒŽ่†œๅŽšใซๅพ“ใฃใฆ่จˆ็ฎ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎ R D No. 1 764 3 ใฎ 28ใ€œ 29้ ใ€ ๅŠใณๅŒ No. 18716ใฎ 615ๅทฆๆฌ„ใ€œๅณๆฌ„ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้€šๅธธใฎๆ–นๆณ• ใซใ‚ˆใคใฆ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒใฏใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ่Šณ้ฆ™ ๆ—็ฌฌไธ€็ดšใ‚กใƒŸ ใƒณ็ณป็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใ‚’ไธปๆˆๅˆ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒซๅŠ› ใƒชๆ€ง ๆบถ ๆถฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒ•ใƒฆใƒŽใƒผใƒซ็ณปๅŒ– ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚‚ๆœ‰็”จใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ P โ€”ใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ใใฎไปฃ่กจไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 4 ไธ€ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒผ Nใ€ Nใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒช ใƒณใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 ไธ€ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒผ N โ€”ใ‚งใƒ ใƒซไธ€ Nโ€” /5 โ€”ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒฆใƒช ใƒณใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒผ N โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซไธ€ Nโ€” 9 ไธ€ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚กไบŒ ใƒช ใƒณใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ไธ€ N โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ ไธ€ใƒก ใƒˆใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ง ใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒช ใƒณๅŠใณใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ๅกฉ้…ธๅกฉใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ p โ€” ใƒˆใƒซใ‚ง ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธๅกฉใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏ็›ฎ็š„ใซๅฟœ ใ˜ 2็จฎไปฅไธŠไฝต็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒช้‡‘ๅฑžใฎ็‚ญ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ้…ธๅกฉใ‚‚ ใ— ใ ใฏใƒช ใƒณ้…ธๅกฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช P H็ทฉ่กๅ‰คใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–็‰ฉๅกฉใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–็‰ฉๅกฉใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚บใ‚ฃ ใƒŸ ใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒ™ ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็พๅƒๆŠ‘ๅˆถๅ‰คใพใŸใฏใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒช้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใชใฉใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒณ้กžใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใ‚ป ใƒŸ ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ธ ใƒ‰้กžใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚จใ‚ฟใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณใ€ ใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธ้กžใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ ๏ผˆ 1 , 4 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚กใ‚ถใƒ“ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใ€”2 , 2 , 2 ใ€• ใ‚ฉใ‚ฏ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณ๏ผ‰ ้กžใฎๅฆ‚ใๅ„็จฎไฟๆ’ๅ‰คใ€ ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณ ใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅ‰คใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ€ ใƒใƒช ใ‚งใƒ ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ€ ๅ››็ดšใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ้กžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็พๅƒ ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใ€ ่‰ฒ็ด ๅฝขๆˆใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ็ซถไบ‰ๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใƒœใƒญ ใƒณ ใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒฉใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ปๅ‰คใ€ 1 ไธ€ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พ ใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฃœๅŠฉ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใ€ ็ฒ˜ๆ€งไป˜ไธŽๅ‰คใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒ ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒŽ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธใซไปฃ่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ„็จฎใ‚ญใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚งใƒ ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใ€ ใƒฆ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒญไธ‰้†‰้…ธใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ ไบ”้…ข้…ธใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใ€ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ค ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚ธ้…ข้…ธใ€ 1 ใƒผใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒช ใƒ‡ใƒณไธ€ 1 , 1 ใƒผใ‚ธใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒญใƒผ N , N , N โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒกใƒใƒฌใƒณใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณใƒผ N , N , N , N โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใƒŒ ใƒใƒฌใƒณใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚งใƒใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณใƒผใ‚ธ ๏ผˆ 0 โ€”ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ้…ข้…ธ๏ผ‰ ๅŠใณใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ 4 , 4 ' โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒผ 2 , 2 ' โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚นใƒใƒซใƒ™ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ ็‰ฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่›ๅ…‰ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰คใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒชไธ€ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ่„‚่‚ชๆ—ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธใ€ ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ็ญ‰ใฎๅ„็จฎ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€ง ๅ‰คใชใฉใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ไฝ†ใ—ใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใฏๅ…ฌๅฎณๆ€งใ€ ่ชฟๆถฒๆ€งๅŠใณ่‰ฒๆฑšๆŸ“้˜ฒๆญข ใฎ็‚นใงๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆใพใชใ„ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง ใ€ŒๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซใ€ ใจ ใฏใ€ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒ 1 ยฃๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š 2 ไปฅไธ‹ ๏ผˆๆ›ดใซๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏๅ…จใ่ˆใพ ใชใ„๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸๅ่ปขๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ้€šๅธธ้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰็™บ ่‰ฒ็พๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใชใฉใฎใ‚ธใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ้กžใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใชใฉใฎ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณ้กžใพใŸใฏ N โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ p โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซ ใชใฉใฎใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒ•ใƒฆใƒŽใƒผใƒซ้กžใชใฉๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎ้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใ‚’ๅ˜็‹ฌใงใ‚ ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒๅŠใณ้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎ P Hใฏ 9 ใ€œ12ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใซๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1ๅนณๆ–นใƒกใƒผ ใƒˆ ใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š 3 ยฃไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒไธญใฎ่‡ญๅŒ–็‰ฉใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ไฝŽๆธ› ใ•ใ›ใฆใŠใ ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š 500 ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ€ ๆ‰€่ฌ‚้ซ˜ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒไธญใฎ่‡ญ็ด  ใ‚คใ‚ช ใƒณใ‚’ไฝŽใ ใ—ใ€ ๅกฉๅŒ–็‰ฉใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใƒณใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๅคšใ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅ†™็œŸๆ€งใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ€งใซๅ„ชใ‚Œใ€ ๅ†™็œŸๆ€งใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใง็‰นใซๅฅฝ ใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏใ€ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆตดใงใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผ ใƒ•ๅฃไธ€ใŒๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซใช ใ ใชใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1ๅนณๆ–นใƒก ไธ€ ใƒˆใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š็ด„ 20 ^ใพใงๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใ‚’ไฝŽๆป…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏๅ‡ฆ ็†ๆงฝใฎ็ฉบๆฐ—ใจใฎๆŽฅ่งฆ้ข็ฉใ‚’ๅฐใ• ใ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆถฒใฎ่’ธ็™บใ€ ็ฉบๆฐ—้…ธๅŒ–ใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸ็พๅƒๆถฒไธญใฎ่‡ญๅŒ–็‰ฉใ‚ฃ ใ‚ช ใƒณใฎ่“„็ฉใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฃœๅ……้‡ใ‚’ไฝŽๆธ›ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆใฏใ€ 20ใ€œ50ใฆใงๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 30 ใ€œ 45ใฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ€ 20็ง’ใ€œ 5ๅˆ†ใงใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 30็ง’ใ€œ 3ๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ้ซ˜ๆธฉ้ซ˜ P Hใจใ—ใ€ ใ‹ใค็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใ‚’้ซ˜ๆฟƒๅบฆใซ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๆ›ดใซๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎใ‚’ๅ›ณใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๅพŒใฎๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฏ้€šๅธธๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‡ฆ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๆœฌ ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‡ฆ็†ใฏๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่กŒใช ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ— ๏ผˆๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๅญๅˆฅใซ่กŒใชใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใŒใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏๆผ‚็™ฝใจๅฎš็€ใŒๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ (ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†๏ผ‰ ใ€‚ ๆ›ดใซๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎ่ฟ…้€ŸๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅ›ณใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซใƒ‹ๆงฝใฎ้€ฃ็ถšใ—ใŸๆผ‚ ็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎๅ‰ใซๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใ€ ๅˆใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใ‚‚็›ฎ็š„ใซๅฟœใ˜ไปปๆ„ ใซๅฎŸๆ–ฝใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) ใ€ ใ‚ณใƒใƒซ ใƒˆ ( I ) ใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒ  ( IV ) ใ€ ้Š… ๏ผˆ ฯ€ ) ใชใฉใฎๅคšไพก้‡‘ๅฑžใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ้Ž ้…ธ้กžใ€ ใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณ้กžใ€ ไบŒ ใƒˆๅฃๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ็ญ‰ใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไปฃ่กจ็š„ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰ค ใจใ—ใฆใฏใƒ•ใƒฑใƒช ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒณๅŒ–็‰ฉ ๏ผ› ้‡ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒ ้…ธๅกฉ ๏ผ› ้‰„ ๏ผˆ DI ) ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ ใ‚ณใƒใƒซ ใƒˆ ๏ผˆ IE ) ใฎๆœ‰ๆฉŸ้ฉๅกฉใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚งใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒชใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณไบ”้…”้…ธใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏใƒญใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ค ใƒŸ ใƒŽใƒ‹้†‰้…ธใ€ 1 , 3 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒ–ๅฃใƒ‘ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใ€ ใชใฉใฎใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้กž ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏใ‚ฏใ‚งใƒณ้…ธใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ€ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚ด้…ธใชใฉใฎ้Œฏๅกฉ ๏ผ› ้Ž็กซ้…ธๅกฉ ๏ผ› ่‡ญ็ด ้…ธๅกฉ ๏ผ› ้Žใƒžใƒณใ‚ฌใƒณ้…ธๅกฉ ๏ผ› ไบŒ ใƒˆใƒญใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ้กžใชใฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ† ใกใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) ้Œฏ ๅกฉใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ DI ) ้ŒฏๅกฉๅŠใณ้Ž็กซ้…ธ ๅกฉใฏ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใจ็’ฐๅขƒๆฑšๆŸ“้˜ฒๆญขใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ๅŠ›ใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ II ) ้Œฏๅกฉใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ ๆถฒใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚็‰นใซๆœ‰็”จใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ็‰นใซ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใŒ 150m VไปฅไธŠใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 180m V ไปฅไธŠใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ 200m VไปฅไธŠใฎใ€ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹้ซ˜้›ปไฝ้…ธๅŒ–ๅ‰ค ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹้…ธๅŒ–ๅ‰คใฎ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฏใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใ‚นใ‚กใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒจ ใƒณ ใ‚บ ยท ใ‚ฉใƒ– โ™ฆ ใ‚ถ ยท ใƒ•ใ‚ก ใƒฉใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ ' ใ‚ฝใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚จใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ๏ผˆ Transactions of the Faraday Society). 55ๅทป ๏ผˆ1959ๅนด๏ผ‰ ใ€ 1312ใ€œ1313่ฒทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ ใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใงๅฎš็พฉใ• ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฏใ€ P H6. 0 ใฎๆกไปถใงไธŠ่ฟฐใฎๆ–น ๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ P H6. 0ใซใŠใ„ใฆ ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸ้›ปไฝใ‚’ๆŽก็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ P H6. 0ไป˜่ฟ‘ใŒๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒช ใฎ็™บ็”Ÿใฎ ็›ฎๅฎ‰ใจใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ้Œฏๅกฉใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ไฝตใ›ใฆใ€ ไธŠ่จ˜ๅฎš็พฉใซ ใŠใ‘ใ‚‹้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใ‚’่จ˜ใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐšใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) ้Œฏๅกฉใฏใ€ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ขใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ็ญ‰ใฎๅกฉใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆผ‚็™ฝใฎ้€Ÿใ„็‚นใงๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ No. ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝ
(mV vs. NHE, pH=6)
1 . N - ๏ผˆ 2 -ใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰๏ผ‰
ใ‚ฃ ใƒŸใƒŽไบŒ้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ้Œฏๅกฉ 180
2. ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒŽไบŒ้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) 200
้Œฏๅกฉ
3. ใ‚ฃ ใƒŸใƒŽไบŒ้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) ้Œฏๅกฉ 210
4. 1๏ผŒ 4 ใƒผใƒ–ใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ ๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ HI ) ้Œฏๅกฉ 230
5. ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใƒใ‚ฉใ‚งไธ€ใƒ†ใƒซใ‚ธ
ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ H ) ้Œฏๅกฉ 230
6. ใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใƒซใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ
ๅ››้ฝš้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ 1ฮ  ) ้Œฏๅกฉ 240
7. 1, 3โ€”ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ
ๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ HI ) ้ฉๅกฉ 250
8. ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„
( m ) ้Œฏๅกฉ no
9. ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณไบ”้…ข้…ธ
้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) ้Œฏๅกฉ 80
10. ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใ‚นไธ€ 1, 2โ€”ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใธใ‚ญ
ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ธใ‚กใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…”้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ )
้Œฏๅกฉ 80
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆM) ้Œฏๅกฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒ ๅˆใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ P Hใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธ 5.5ใ€œ 8ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎ่ฟ…้€Ÿ ๅŒ–ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ๆ›ดใซไฝŽใ„ P Hใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒใ€ ๆผ‚ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒๅŠใณใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‰ๆตดใซใฏใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆผ‚ ็™ฝไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆœ‰็”จใชๆผ‚็™ฝไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ ใฏใ€ ๆฌกใฎๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 893, 858ๅทใ€ ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 1,290,812ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 059,988ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 53-32736ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-57831ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-37418ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-72623ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-95630ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-95631ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53- 104232ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-124424ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-141623 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-28426ๅทใ€ R DNo.17129ๅท ๏ผˆ 1978ๅนด 7ๆœˆ๏ผ‰ ใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ ใฎใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ– ใƒˆๅŸบใพใŸใฏใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผ› ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 50- 140129ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ธใƒณ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ ๏ผ› ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 45-8506 ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 52-20832ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-32735ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 706, 561ๅทใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใ‚ฉๅฐฟ็ด ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“๏ผ› ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 1,127, 715ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 58- 16, 235ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–็‰ฉๅกฉ๏ผ› ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 966, 410ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 2, 748, 430ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒœใƒชใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ้กž๏ผ› ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 45- 8836 ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒช ใ‚ขใƒŸ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ› ใใฎไป–็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 49-42434ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 49- 59644ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53-94927ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 54-35727ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 55-26506ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 58 -163940ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ› ่‡ญๅŒ–็‰ฉใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณ็ญ‰ใŒไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใชใ‹ ใงใ‚‚ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆๅŸบใพใŸใฏใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒไฟƒ้€ฒ ๅŠนๆžœใŒๅคงใใ„่ฆณ็‚นใงๅฅฝใพใ— ใใ€ ็‰นใซ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 893,858ๅทใ€ ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 1,290, 812ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 53- 95630ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒ ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ›ดใซใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4, 552, 834ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚‚ๅฅฝ ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใฏๆ„ŸๆไธญใซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ๆ’ฎๅฝฑ ็”จใฎใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰ค ใฏ็‰นใซๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚ƒๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅใƒ ใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชๅ†ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–ๅ‰คใ‚„็ก้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใชใฉใฎ P H็ทฉ ่กๅ‰คใ€ ็กซ้…ธใ‚กใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใชใฉใฎ้‡‘ ่…้ฃŸ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใชใฉใฎๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๆทป ๅŠ ๅ‰คใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ '
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๆตดใซใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ๅŠใณ ๏ผˆ ฮ  ) ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉไปฅๅค–ใซใ€ ๆ—ข็Ÿฅใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ไฝต็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚ง ไธ€ใƒ†ใƒซ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉๅฐฟ็ด ้กžใ€ ใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–็‰ฉๅกฉ็ญ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใฎไฝฟ็”จใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็‰นใซใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธ ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใŒๆบถ่งฃๆ€งใ‚„ๅฎš็€้€Ÿๅบฆใฎ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใใ€ ไป–ใฎๅฎš็€ ๅ‰คใจไฝต็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎไฟๆ’ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธ ๅกฉใ‚„้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธไป˜ๅŠ ็‰ฉใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒณ้…ธๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซใฏๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งๅ‘ไธŠใฎใŸใ‚ ใซใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒณ้…ธ้กžใ‚„ๆœ‰ๆฉŸใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธ็ณปใ‚ญใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰ค (ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒช ใƒ‡ใƒณไธ€ 1 , 1 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ ้…ธๅŠใณ N , N , N ' , N ' ไธ€ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ ้…ธ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ๆ›ดใซใ€ ๅ„็จฎใฎ่›ๅ…‰ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰คใ€ ๆถˆๆณกๅ‰คใ€ ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰คใ€ ใƒใƒช ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒซใƒ“ใƒญ ใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฟใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ็ญ‰ใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่„ฑ้Š€ๅทฅ็จ‹ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ„ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎๆ”ชๆ‹Œใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€ ่„ฑ้Š€ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“็Ÿญ็ธฎใฎ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ”ชๆ‹Œๆ‰‹ๆฎตใจใ— ใฆใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62- 183460ๅทใ‚„ๅŒ 62- 183461ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ๅ™ดๆตใ‚’่ก็ชใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ๆฎตใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ่ก็ชใพใง ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 15็ง’ไปฅๅ†…ใซ่กŒใ†ใฎ ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒใธใฎใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผใƒไธ€ๆ™‚ ้–“ ๏ผˆๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผ็พๅƒๆถฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใพใงใฎ็ฉบ ไธญๆ™‚้–“๏ผ‰ ใฏใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™่กจ้ขใฎๆฑšใ‚Œไป˜็€ใ‚’ๆ”น่‰ฏใ™ใ‚‹ ็‚นใง 10็ง’ไปฅๅ†…ใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใธใฎใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผใƒไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณ่‰ฒ็ด ใฎๅพฉ่‰ฒไธ่‰ฏ ใ‚’ๆ”น่‰ฏใ™ใ‚‹็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ 10็ง’ไปฅๅ†…ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๆ’ฎๅฝฑ็”จใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ (ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 4ใ€œ12 g Zm z ) ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ 800 / m zไปฅไธ‹ ใŒๅฅฝใพใ— ใใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ 60 ffie Zm 2ไปฅไธ‹ใ‹ๅฅฝ ใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎไฟๆ’ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใ€ ไบœ ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ‚„้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒ‹ใƒซ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธไป˜ๅŠ ็‰ฉใ€ ใ‚นใƒซ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒณ้…ธๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งๅ‘ไธŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒœใƒชใ‚จใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธ้กžใ‚„ๆœ‰ๆฉŸใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธ็ณปใ‚ญใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰ค ๏ผˆๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏใ€ 1 ใƒผ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ ใƒช ใƒ‡ใƒณไธ€ 1 , 1 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธๅŠใณ N , N , N ' , N ' ไธ€ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ ่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฏใ€ ๆ›ดใซใ€ ๅ„็จฎใฎ่›ๅ…‰ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰คใ€ ๆถˆๆณกๅ‰คใ€ ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€ง ๅ‰คใ€ ใƒœ ใƒช ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒซใƒ”ใƒญ ใƒช ใƒ‰ ใƒณใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ็ญ‰ใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจๅŠ›ใ€' ใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่„ฑ้Š€ๅทฅ็จ‹ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ„ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎๆ”ฌๆ‹Œใฏใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ€ ่„ฑ้Š€ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“็Ÿญ็ธฎใฎ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ”ชๆ‹Œๆ‰‹ๆฎตใจใ— ใฆใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62- 183460ๅทใ‚„ๅŒ 62 - 183461ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใชใฉใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ๅ™ดๆตใ‚’่ก็ชใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ๆฎตใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ่ก็ชใพใง ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใซ IIๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 15็ง’ไปฅๅ†…ใซ่กŒใ†ใฎ ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใธใฎใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผใƒ ไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ ๏ผˆๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผ็พๅƒๆถฒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ ใพใงใฎ็ฉบไธญๆ™‚้–“๏ผ‰ ใฏใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใ‚„ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™่กจ้ขใฎๆฑšใ‚Œไป˜็€ใ‚’ ๆ”น่‰ฏใ™ใ‚‹็‚นใง 1 0็ง’ไปฅๅ†…ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๆ’ฎๅฝฑ็”จใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ ๆ–™ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 4 ใ€œ๏ผ› 12 g Z m 2 ) ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ 800 _ m 2ไปฅ ไธ‹ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ 60 Z m 2ไปฅไธ‹ใ‹ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ่„ฑ ้Š€ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๅŠใณ Zๅˆใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅทฅ็จ‹ใ‚’็ตŒใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฐดๆด—ๅทฅ็จ‹ใงใฎๆฐดๆด—ๆฐด้‡ใฏใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ็‰นๆ€ง ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ็ญ‰ ไฝฟ็”จ็ด ๆใซใ‚‹๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็”จ้€”ใ€ ๆ›ดใซใฏๆฐดๆ€งๆฐดๆธฉใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎๆ•ฐ ๏ผˆๆฎต ๆ•ฐ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๅ‘ๆตใ€ ้ †ๆต็ญ‰ใฎ่ฃœๅ……ๆ–นๅผใ€ ใใฎไป–็จฎใ€…ใฎๆกไปถใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅบƒ ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซ่จญๅฎšใ—ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ†ใกใ€ ๅคšๆฎตๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆฐดๆด—ใ‚ฟ ใƒณ ใ‚ฏๆ•ฐใจๆฐด้‡ใฎ้–”ไฟ‚ใฏใ€ Journal of the Society of Motion Pic ture and Television Engineers ็ฌฌ 64ๅทปใ€ P. 248ใ€œ253 (1955 ๅนด 5ๆœˆๅท๏ผ‰ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ€ ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅ‰่จ˜ๆ–‡็Œฎใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅคšๆฎตๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐด้‡ใ‚’ๅคงๅน…ใซ ๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅ†…ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆฐดใฎๆปž็•™ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅข—ๅŠ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒช ใ‚กใŒ็นๆฎ–ใ—ใ€ ็”Ÿๆˆใ—ใŸๆตฎ้Š็‰ฉใŒๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซไป˜็€ใ™ใ‚‹็ญ‰ ใฎๅ•้กŒใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ใ“ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ•้กŒใŒ่งฃๆฑบ็ญ–ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62-288838ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ C a ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณใ€ M g ใ‚ค ใ‚ชใƒณใ‚’ไฝŽๆธ›ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆฅตใ‚ใฆๆœ‰ๅŠนใซ็”จใ„ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 57-8542ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใ‚พ ฯ€ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚ƒใ‚ตใ‚ฃ ใ‚กใƒ™ใƒณใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ๅกฉ็ด ๅŒ–ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฝใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŒใƒผใƒซ้…ธ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ็ญ‰ใฎๅกฉ็ด ็ณปๆฎบ่Œๅ‰คใ€ ใใฎไป–ในใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็ญ‰ใ€ ๅ €ๅฃๅš่‘— ใ€Œ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒ้ปดๅ‰คใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆใ€ ใ€ ่ก›็”ŸๆŠ€่ก“ไผš็ทจ ใ€Œๅพฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใฎๆธ›่Œใ€ ๆฎบ่Œใ€ ้˜ฒๅพตๆŠ€่ก“ใ€ ใ€ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒๅพตๅญฆไผš็ทจ ใ€Œ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒๅพตๅ‰คไบ‹ๅ…ธใ€ ใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆฎบ่Œๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใฎ P Hใฏใ€ 4 ใ€œ 9ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 5ใ€œ 8ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดๆธฉใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ ๆๆ–™ใฎ็‰นๆ€งใ€ ็”จ้€”็ญ‰ใง็จฎใ€…่จญๅฎšใ—ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใซใฏใ€ 15ใ€œ45ใฆ ใง 20็ง’ใ€œ 10ๅˆ†ใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ 25ใ€œ40ใฆใง 30็ง’ใ€œ 5ๅˆ†ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใŒ้ธๆŠž ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆ›ดใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ไธŠ่จ˜ๆฐดๆด—ใซไปฃใ‚Šใ€ ็›ดๆŽฅๅฎ‰ ๅฎšๆถฒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅ‡ฆ็†ใซ ใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 57 - 8543ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 58 - 14834ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60 - 220345ๅทใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ™ในใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๅ‰่จ˜ๆฐดๆด—ๅ‡ฆ็†ใซ็ถšใ„ใฆใ€ ๆ›ดใซๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๆ’ฎๅฝฑ็”จๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๆœ€็ต‚ๆตดใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใ‚‹ใ€ ใƒ›ใƒซใƒž ใƒช ใƒณใ€ ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒก ใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒŸ ใƒณใ€ ใธใ‚ญใ‚ต ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ธ ใƒณใ‚„ N โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒญใƒผใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซไปฃ่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‰ฒ็ด ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅ‰คใ‚’ ่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใซใ‚‚ๅฟ…่ฆใซ ๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ B iใ€ A ยฃใชใฉใฎ้‡‘ๅฑžๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ่› ๅ…‰ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰คใ€ ๅ„็จฎใ‚ญใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰คใ€ ่†œ P H่ชฟ็ฏ€ๅ‰คใ€ ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใ€ ๆฎบ่Œๅ‰คใ€ ้˜ฒๅพตๅ‰คใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณใ‚„็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ ใ‚ท ใƒช ใ‚ณ ใƒณ็ณปใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฐดๆด—ๅทฅ็จ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅทฅ็จ‹ ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆฐดใจใ—ใฆใฏๆฐด้“ๆฐดใฎใปใ‹ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆจน่„‚ใชใฉใซใ‚ˆ ใคใฆ C a ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณใ€ M g ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ 5็œใƒŽ ยฃไปฅไธ‹ใซ่„ฑใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅ‡ฆ ็†ใ—ใŸๆฐดใ‚„ใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณใ€ ็ดซๅค–็ทšๆฎบ่Œ็ฏ็ญ‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆฎบ่Œใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆฐดใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜ๆฐดๆด—ๅŠใณใƒŽๅˆใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ๅ˜ไฝ้ข็ฉๅฝ“ ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ๆตดใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ้‡ใฎ 1ใ€œ50ๅ€ใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 2ใ€œ30ๅ€ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 2ใ€œ15ๅ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ e ใ“ใฎ่ฃœๅ……ใซไผดใ†ใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒญ ไธ€ๆถฒใฏ่„ฑ้Š€ๅทฅ็จ‹ไป–ใฎๅทฅ็จ‹ใซใŠใ„ใฆๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎ็ฐก ็•ฅๅŒ–ๅŠใณ่ฟ…้€ŸๅŒ–ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใง็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใ‚’ๅ†…่”ตใ—ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅ†…่”ต ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใฎๅ„็จฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ซใƒผใ‚ตไธ€ใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3 , 342 , 597ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ฃ ใƒณ ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒฆใƒช ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ๅŒ 3, 342, 599ๅทใ€ R D ฮฮฑ14, 850ๅทๅŠใณๅŒ 15, 159ๅท ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒƒ ใƒ•ๅกฉๅŸบๅž‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ๅŒ 13, 924ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‰ใƒผใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ ็‰ฉใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 719, 492ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ้‡‘ๅฑžๅกฉ้ฉไฝ“ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 53-135 628 ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ฆใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฏใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœ ใ˜ใฆใ€ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒใ‚’ไฟƒ้€ฒใ™ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€ ๅ„็จฎใฎ 1 โ€”ใƒ• ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 3 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณ้กžใ‚’ๅ†…่”ตใ—ใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 56 - 64339ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 57-144547ๅทใ€ ๅŠใณๅŒ 58- 115438ๅท็ญ‰ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ„็จฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฏ 10ยท (๏ผšใ€œ 50'CใซใŠใ„ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฏ 33 ใ€œ38'CใฎๆธฉๅบฆใŒๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๆธฉใซใ—ใฆๅ‡ฆ ็†ใ‚’ไฟƒ้€ฒใ—ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ้€†ใซใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไฝŽๆธฉใซใ—ใฆ็”ป่ณชใฎ ๅ‘ไธŠใ‚„ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใฎๆ”น่‰ฏใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ็ฏ€้Š€ใฎใŸใ‚่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 226, 770ๅทใพใŸใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ ็ฌฌ 3, 674, 499 ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒใƒซ ใƒˆ่ฃœๅŠ›ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ้Ž้…ธๅŒ–ๆฐด็ด ่ฃœๅŠ› ใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ 1ใคใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆ็›ดๆŽฅใƒใ‚ธๅž‹ใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ‡ฆ็†ใซ ใคใ„ใฆไปฅไธ‹่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ใฎๅพŒใ€ ๅ…‰ๅˆใฏ้€  ๆ ธๅ‰คใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใถใ‚Šๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’ๆ–ฝใ—ใŸๅพŒๅˆใฏๆ–ฝใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็ฌฌไธ€ ็ดšใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ็ณป็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒ่–ฌใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ P H 11.5ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ่กจ้ข็พๅƒๆถฒใง็™บ่‰ฒ ็พๅƒใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝ ยท ๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š็›ดๆŽฅใƒใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผ็”ปๅƒใ‚’ๅฝข ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎ P Hใฏ 11.0ใ€œ๏ผ› 10.0ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆ›ดใซๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‹ใถใ‚Šๅ‡ฆ็†ใฏใ€ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ ใ€Œๅ…‰ใ‹ใถใ‚Šๆณ•ใ€ ใจๅ‘ผ ใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅฑคใฎๅ…จ้ขใซ็ฌฌไบŒใฎ้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ๅŠใณ ใ€ŒๅŒ–ๅญฆ็š„ใ‹ ใถใ‚Šๆณ•ใ€ ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹้€ ๆ ธๅ‰คใฎๅญ˜ๅœจไธ‹ใซใฆ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎใ† ใกใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ้€ ๆ ธๅ‰คใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‹ใถใ‚Šๅ…‰ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจไธ‹ใง ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ้€ ๆ ธๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ใ‹ใถ ใ‚Š้œฒๅ…‰ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๅ…‰ใ‹ใถใ‚Šๆณ•ใซ้–ฌใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅ‰่จ˜ใฎ็‰น้ก˜ๆ˜ญ 61 - 253716ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 47้  4่กŒใ€œ 49้  5่กŒใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ†ใ‚‹้€ ๆ ธ ๅ‰คใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏๅŒๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 49้  6่กŒใ€œ 67้  2่กŒใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ็‰นใซไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ใ€” Nโ€” 1 ใ€• ใจ ใ€” Nโ€” 2 ใ€• ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎไฝฟ็”จ ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅŒๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 56ใ€œ58้ ใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ ใ€” Nโ€” I โ€” 1 ใ€• ใ€œ ใ€” Nโ€” I ไธ€ 10] ใจๅŒๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 63ใ€œ66้  ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ ใ€” Nโ€” ฮ  โ€” 1 ใ€• ใ€œ ใ€” Nโ€” Dโ€” 12] ใฎไฝฟ็”จใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ† ใ‚‹้€ ๆ ธไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅŒๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 68้  11 ่กŒใ€œ ฮ ้  3่กŒใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ็‰นใซใ“ ใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅŒ ็ฌฌ 69้ ใ€œ 70้ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ ๏ผˆ Aโ€” 1 ) ใ€œ ๏ผˆ Aโ€” 13) ใฎไฝฟ็”จใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ€
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผ็พ ๅƒๆถฒใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅŒๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธ็ฌฌ 71้ ^่กŒ็›ฎใ€œ 72้  9่กŒ็›ฎใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ• ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ็‰นใซ่Šณ้ฆ™ๆ—็ฌฌ 1็ดšใ‚ก ใƒณ็ณป็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒ่–ฌใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใจใ— ใฆใฏใ€ p โ€”ใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใใ€ ใใฎไปฃ่กจ ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 4 ไธ€ใ‚ข ใƒŸใƒŽ ใƒผ N โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซไธ€ Nโ€” ( ฮฒ - ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ‚จใƒใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒช ใƒณใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 ใƒผใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒผ ฮ โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ ฮ โ€” ๏ผˆ ^ ไธ€ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒŽใƒฌ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒช ใƒณใ€ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 โ€”ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒผ ฮ โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ ฮ โ€” ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒฆใƒช ใƒณๅŠใณใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ๅกฉ้…ธๅกฉใชใฉใฎๅกฉใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใง ใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฌกใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€้ป’็™ฝๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ ใซใ‚‚้ฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไปฅไธ‹ใใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ๅŠใณใใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉณใ—ใ่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ็ต„ๆˆ ใซใฏ็‰นๅˆฅใชๅˆถ้™ใฏใช ใใ€ ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€๏ผŒ ๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใ€ ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ใ€ ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅกฉ้Š€็ญ‰ใฎใฉใฎ็ต„ๆˆใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใŒใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใฎ่ˆ้‡ใฏ 10ใƒข ใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ็‰นใซ 5 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคไธญใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฏใ€ ๆฏ” ่ผƒ็š„ๅบƒใ„็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ็‹ญใ„็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅˆ†ๅธƒใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ็‰นใซใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฎ้‡้‡ใพ ใŸใฏๆ•ฐใซ้–ฌใ—ใฆๅ…จไฝ“ใฎ 90 %ใ‚’ๅ ใ‚ใ‚‹็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใŒๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใฎ ยฑ 40 %ไปฅๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ‚ณ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚น ใƒˆใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒใ‚ฌๅƒใฎๅฝขๆˆใซๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใฎๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ฃ ใ‚บใฏๅพฎ็ฒ’ๅญ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 0 . 7 ไปฅ ไธ‹๏ผ‰ ใฎๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใพใ— ใใ€ ็‰นใซ 0. 5 ไปฅไธ‹ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ ๅˆ†ๅธƒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏๅˆถ้™ใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€ ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ„ใ†ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใจใฏ้‡้‡ใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏ.็ฒ’ๅญๆ•ฐใงๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ใใฎ 95 %ใŒๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใฎ๏ผš t 40 %ไปฅๅ†…ใฎๅคงใใ•ใ‚’ๆŒใค็ฒ’ๅญ็พคใ‹ใ‚‰ๆง‹ ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ„ใ†ใ€‚
ๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คไธญใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฏ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ ๅ…ซ้ขไฝ“ใ€ ่ฑ 12้ขไฝ“ใ€ 14้ขไฝ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฆๅ‰‡็š„๏ผˆre gu l a r) ใช็ตๆ™ถไฝ“ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ใพใŸ็ƒ็Šถใ€ ๅนณๆฟ็Šถใชใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชๅค‰ๅ‰‡็š„๏ผˆi rr e gu l ar) ใช็ตๆ™ถ ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ตๆ™ถๅฝขใฎ่ค‡ๅˆๅฝขใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ ใคใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฏๅ†…้ƒจใจ่กจๅฑคใŒๅ‡ไธ€ใช็›ธใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹็›ธใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใซใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅฝข ๆˆใพใŸใฏ็‰ฉ็†็†Ÿๆˆใฎ้Ž็จ‹ใซใŠใ„ใฆๅŠ› ใƒ‰ใƒŸ ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ้‰› ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ฟ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏใใฎ้Œฏๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ค ใƒช ใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉ ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏใใฎ้Œฏๅกฉใชใฉใ‚’ๅ…ฑๅญ˜ใ•ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใฏใ€ ้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใ‚Š 10โ€” Bใ€œ 10โ€” 5ใƒข ใƒซใฎใ‚ค ใƒช ใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ่‹ฅใ— ใ ใฏใใฎ้Œฏๅกฉใ‚’ๅญ˜ๅœจใ•ใ›ใฆ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ใ‹ใค็ฒ’ๅญ่กจ้ขใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰็Ž‡ใŒ็ฒ’ๅญๅนณๅ‡ใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰็Ž‡ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใ‚‚ ๅคงใใ„ใƒใƒญๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ไนณๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ ใ‚‹ ใจใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€ๅฑค้ซ˜ๆ„Ÿๅบฆใงใ‚ฌใƒณใƒžใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ๅ†™็œŸ็‰นๆ€งใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฏๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใช ใ ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใŒใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณ ๅ‰คใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ็กซ้ป„ๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ€ ้‚„ๅ…ƒๅข—ๆ„ŸๅŠใณ่ฒด้‡‘ๅฑžๅข— ๆ„Ÿๆณ•ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ๅ˜็‹ฌใง็”จใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๅˆ ไฝต็”จใ—ใฆๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
่ฒด้‡‘ๅฑžๅข—ๆ„Ÿๆณ•ใฎใ†ใก้‡‘ๅข—ๆ„Ÿๆณ•ใฏใใฎไปฃ่กจ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใง้‡‘ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ไธปใจใ—ใฆ้‡‘้Œฏๅกฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ้‡‘ไปฅๅค–ใฎ่ฒด้‡‘ๅฑžใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐ็™ฝ้‡‘ใ€ ใƒŽใ€' ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ็ญ‰ใฎ้Œฏๅกฉใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅทฎๆ”ฏใˆใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ…ท ไฝ“ไพ‹ใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2 , 448 , 060ๅทใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 618๏ผŒ 016ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜ ่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็กซ้ป„ๅขžๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณไธญใซ่ˆใพใ‚Œใ‚‹็กซ ้ป„ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎใปใ‹ใ€ ็จฎใ€…ใฎ็กซ้ป„ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ใƒ ใ‚ฉๅฐฟ็ด ้กžใ€ ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒญใƒผใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒณ้กž็ญ‰ใ‚’ใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใง ใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไธŠ่จ˜ใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๅทฅ็จ‹ใฎ็‰ฉ็†็†Ÿๆˆ็ต‚ ไบ†ๅ‰ใจ ใ ใซ็ฒ’ๅญๅฝขๆˆๆ™‚ใซใ‚ฃ ใƒช ใ‚ธใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉใ‚‚ใ—ใ ใฏใƒญใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ‚’็”จ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฏ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61-223734ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62- 90646ๅทใซ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใฎ็•ฐ ใชใ‚‹ไบŒ็จฎ้กžใฎๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒๆœ€้ซ˜ๆฟƒๅบฆ๏ผˆDmax)ไธŠๅผ‚ใจใ„ ใ†็‚นใงๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็ฒ’ๅญใฏๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ็กซ้ป„ๅข—ๆ„ŸใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคง ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆๅขžๆ„Ÿใฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใช ใ ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใŒใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆ ๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็ฒ’ๅญใฏไธ€่ˆฌใซ้ป’ใƒใƒƒใŒ ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใฎใงๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ‚’่กŒใชใ‚ใชใ„ใŒใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅขžๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏ้ป’ใƒœใƒƒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใชใ„็จ‹ๅบฆใซๆต…ใๆ–ฝใ™ใ“ใจใŒ็‰นใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ ใ“ใง ใ€Œๆต…ใๆ–ฝใ™ใ€ ใจใฏๅฐใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใซ่ผƒในๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿ ใ‚’ๆ–ฝใ™ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็Ÿญใ‹ใ ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๆธฉๅบฆใ‚’ไฝŽใ ใ—ใŸใ‚ŠๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใฎๆทป ๅŠ ้‡ใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใŸใ‚Š ใ—ใฆ่กŒใชใ† ใ“ ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใจ ๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใฎๆ„Ÿๅบฆๅทฎใซใฏ็‰นใซๅˆถ้™ใฏใชใ„ใŒ A logEใจ ใ—ใฆ 0. 1ใ€œ๏ผš 1. 0ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ 0. 2ใ€œ0. 7ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฐใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใฏใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅนณๅ‡ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ใฎ 90%ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 80%ไปฅไธ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ ไนณๅ‰ค็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใฏใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 0.02๏ผ› ใ€œ 1. 0 //ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 0. 1 ๏ผ› ใ€œ 0. 5 ใงใ“ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒๅ†…ใซๅคงใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใจๅฐใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใŒ่ˆใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใฎ็•ฐใชใฃใŸ 2็จฎไปฅ ไธŠใฎไนณๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ„ๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใฎๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใจใ—ใฆ ใฏใ€ ็›ธๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 40ใ€œ90wt%ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏ 50ใ€œ80wt%ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใŠใ„ใฆ็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅ˜ๅˆ† ๆ•ฃไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅŒไธ€ไนณๅ‰คใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๅฑคใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๅฑคใซๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ™ ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ไธŠๅฑคใซใ€ ๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ไธ‹ๅฑคใซใ™ใ‚‹ ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใชใŠใ€ ็ทๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ 1 g /m2ใ€œ 8 g /m2ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏใ€ ๆ„ŸๅบฆไธŠๅผ‚ใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆ็‰น ้–‹ๆ˜ญ 55-52050ๅท็ฌฌ 45้ ใ€œ 53้ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด  ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ท ใ‚กไบŒใƒณ่‰ฒ็ด ใ€ ใƒก ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒณ่‰ฒ็ด ใชใฉใ€‚ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใฏๅ˜็‹ฌใซ็”จใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ต„ๅˆ ใ›ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใฎ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใฏ็‰นใซใ€ ๅผท่‰ฒๅขžๆ„Ÿใฎ็›ฎ็š„ ใงใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€ ใใ‚Œ่‡ช่บซๅˆ†ๅ…‰ๅขžๆ„Ÿ ไฝœ็”จใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใชใ„่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅฏ่ฆ–ๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซๅธๅŽใ—ใชใ„็‰ฉ่ณช ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ ๅผท่‰ฒๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ‚’็คบใ™็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ไนณๅ‰คไธญใซ่ˆใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ๆœ‰็”จ ใชๅขžๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใ€ ๅผท่‰ฒๅขžๆ„Ÿใ‚’็คบใ™่‰ฒ็ด ใฎ็ต„ๅˆใ›ๅŠใณๅผท่‰ฒๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ‚’็คบใ™ ็‰ฉ่ณชใฏใƒช ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ ยท ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ ใ‚นใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผ๏ผˆResearch Disclosure) 176ๅทป 17643 (1978ๅนด 12ๆœˆ็™บ่กŒ๏ผ‰ ็ฌฌ 23้  IVใฎ J้ …ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๅทฅ็จ‹ใ€ ไฟๅญ˜ ไธญใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ†™็œŸๅ‡ฆ็†ไธญใฎใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒชใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ†™็œŸๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๅฎ‰ ๅฎšๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€ ็จฎใ€…ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ™ใชใ‚ใกใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ้กžใŸใจใˆใฐใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ๅฃ ใน ใƒณใ‚บใ‚ฃ ใƒŸ ใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒ–ใƒญ ใƒข ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚บใ‚ฃ ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒ ใ‚กใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ– ใƒˆใƒใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ้กžใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒผ ใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใƒ‹ ใƒˆ ใƒญในใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กžใ€ ใช ใฉ ๏ผ› ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆ ใƒ”ใƒช ใƒŸ ใ‚ธใƒณ้กž ๏ผ› ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณ้กž ๏ผ› ใŸใจ ใˆใฐใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒช ใƒณใƒใ‚ชใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒใ‚ชใ‚ฑ ใƒˆๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผ› ใ‚กใ‚ถใ‚ฃ ใƒณใƒ‡ ใƒณ้กžใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณ้กžใ€ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚กใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณ้กž (็‰นใซ 4 ใƒผใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ท็ฝฎๆ› ๏ผˆ 1 , 3, 3a, 7 ) ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณ ้กž๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒšใƒณใ‚ฟ ใ‚กใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณ้กžใชใฉ ๏ผ› ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใƒใ‚ฉใ‚นใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฉ ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฉ ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰็ญ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชๅŠ›ใƒ–ใƒช้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใพใŸใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅคšใ ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅŠ  ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎไธญใงใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏในใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ๅŠใณไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ้กž ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 5 โ€”ไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใซๅซๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซ้€ ๆ ธๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้€ ๆ ธๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ไพ‹ ใˆใฐ RESEARCH DISCLOSURE Item 23516 (1983ๅนด 11ๆœˆๅทใ€ P. 346) ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ ใ“ใซๅผ•็”จใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡็Œฎใฎไป–ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 4, 080, 207ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 269, 929ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 276, 346ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 278, 748ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 385, 108 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 459, 347ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 560, 638ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 478, 928ๅทใ€ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น ่จฑ 2,011,391Bใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60-179734ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62-270, 948ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63- 29, 751ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61-170,733ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61-27, 744้ …ใ€ ๅŒ 62-948ๅทใ€ E P217,310ๅทใ€ ใพใŸใฏ U S 4, 686, 167ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62- 178, 246ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-32, 538ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-104, 047ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-121,838ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-129, 337ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-223, 744ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63- 234, 244ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-234, 245ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-234,246ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63- 294, 552ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-306, 438ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1- 100, 530ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-105-941ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 105, 943ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 64- 10, 233 ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1-90, 439ๅทใ€ ็‰น้ก˜ๆ˜ญ 63- 105, 682ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-ฮ 4,118ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-110, 051ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-114, 119ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63- 116, 239ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63- 147, 339ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-179,760ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 63-229, 163ๅทใ€ ็‰น้กงๅนณ 1-18, 377ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-18, 378ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-18, 379ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-15, 755ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-16, 814ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-40, 792ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-42,615ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-42, 616ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1-123,693ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1- 126, 284ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้ฉใ—ใŸ็พๅƒๆ‰้€ฒๅ‰คใ‚ ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ้€ ๆ ธไผๆŸ“็พๅƒใฎไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 53- 77616ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 54-37732ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 53- 137133ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60-140340ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 60- 14959ๅทใช ใฉใซ้–‹็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎไป–ใ€ ฮๅˆใฏ SๅŽŸๅญใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ๅ„็จฎใฎๅŒ– ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰คใฏใ€ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎ็จฎ้กžใซใคใฆๆœ€้ฉๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ใŒ 1.0 X 10โ€” 3ใ€œ0.5g m2ใ€ ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 5.0 X 10โ€” 3ใ€œ0. lg/m2ใฎ ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ›ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซๆธ›ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„-ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆธ›ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใฏใ€ ใใฎใƒ ไธ€ใƒฉใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ๅŠๆณข้›ปไฝใ€ ๅณใกใƒใƒผใƒฉ ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃไธ€ใงๆฑบๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฆๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ใƒœใƒผใƒฉๅฃ้™ฝๆฅต้›ปไฝใจ้™ฐๆฅต้›ปไฝใฎ ๅ’ŒใŒๆญฃใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒœใƒผใƒฉใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฎ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎๆธฌ ๅฎšๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏไพ‹ใˆใฐ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 501,307ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆธ›ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใซใฏๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1ใคๆฐดๆบถๆ€งๅŸบ่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝ ใพใ— ใ ใ€ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใ€ ใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ ๅŸบใชใฉใˆๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŸบใฏๆœ‰ๆฉŸๅกฉๅŸบ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅใ‚กใ€ ใƒ” ใƒช ใ‚ธ ใƒณใ€ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณใ€ ใƒ”ใบ ใƒช ใ‚ธ ใƒณใ€ ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒณ ใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒซๅŠ›ใƒช้‡‘ๅฑž ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใชใฉใจๅกฉใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆธ›ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 63-133145ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) ใ€œ ๏ผˆ V ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ‰ๆฉŸ'ๅ‡ๆ„Ÿๅ‰คใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ– ้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคไธญใซ 1. 0 X 10โ€” 8ใ€œ๏ผ› I. 0 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซ/ mzใ€ ็‰นใซ 1. 0 X 10"7 ใ€œ๏ผš I. 0 X 10โ€” 5 2ๅญ˜ๅœจใ›ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎไนณๅ‰คๅฑคๅˆใฏใ€ ใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซใ€ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผๆŸ“ๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ฃ ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ้˜ฒๆญขใใฎไป–ใ€ ็จฎใ€…ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€ ๆฐดๆบถๆ€งๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใ‚ฟไธ€ๆŸ“ๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅบฆใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไฝŽใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏใ€ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใฎๅ›บๆœ‰ๆ„ŸๅบฆๅŸŸใซๅˆ†ๅ…‰ๅธๅŽๆฅตๅคงใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ ใ‚‹็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰คใ‚„ใ€ ๆ˜Žๅฎคๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚Šๆ‰ฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹้š›ใฎใ‚ปไธ€ ใƒ• ใƒฉ ใ‚ค ใƒˆๅ…‰ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎ‰ๅ…จๆ€งใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ€ ไธปใจใ—ใฆ 38ฮทฮท๏ผใ€œ 600 nmใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใซๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใชๅ…‰ๅธๅŽใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคๆŸ“ๆ–™ใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŸ“ๆ–™ใฏใ€ ็›ฎ็š„ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ ใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎไธŠ้ƒจใ€ ๅณใกใ€ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ ๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ ใ ใฎ้žๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€ง่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณๅฃใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซๅช’ๆŸ“ๅ‰คใจใจ ใ‚‚ใซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅ›บๅฎšใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚
็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰คใฎใƒขใƒซๅธๅ…‰ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ้€šๅธธ 10โ€” 2 gใƒŽ mzใ€œ l g Zm2ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงๆทปๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅฅฝใพใ—ใ ใฏ 50mgใ€œ500mg/ni2 ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ไธŠ่จ˜็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰คใฏ้ฉๅฝ“ใชๆบถๅช’ ใ€”ไพ‹ใˆใฐๆฐดใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซ ๏ผˆไพ‹ ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ใ‚จใ‚ฟใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒŽใƒฝ 'ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ป ใƒˆ ใƒณใ€ ใƒกใƒใƒซใ‚ปๅฃใ‚ฝ ใƒซใƒ–ใ€ ใชใฉใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆททๅˆๆบถๅช’ใ€• ใซๆบถ่งฃ ใ—ใฆๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒไธญใซๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚กใƒชใƒผใƒซๅŸบใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใน ใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ 4 โ€”ใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พใƒ• ใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ๆก‚็šฎ้…ธใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใƒ–ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ธใ‚จ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใƒ™ ใƒณใ‚พใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚พใƒผใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰คใฎๅ…ทไฝ“ไพ‹ใฏใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 3, 533,794ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 314, 794ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 352, 618ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 46- 2784ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ 3, 705, 805 ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 707, 375ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 4, 045, 229ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 700, 455ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 3, 499, 863 ๅทใ€ ่ฅฟ็‹ฌ็‰น่จฑๅ‡บ้ก˜ๅ…ฌๅ‘Š 1,547, 863ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผๆŸ“ๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ฝใƒŽใƒผใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ใธใƒŸใ‚ชใ‚ญใ‚ฝใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ใ‚นใƒใƒช ใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ใƒก ใƒญ ใ‚ทใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒณๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒณๆŸ“ๆ–™ใŠ ใ‚ˆใณใ‚กใ‚พๆŸ“ๆ–™ใŒๅŒ…่ˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎๆฎ‹่‰ฒใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใช ใใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„ ๅ‘ณใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆฐดๆบถๆ€งใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒชใ‚„ไบœ็กซ้…ธใ‚ค ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ่„ฑ ่‰ฒใ™ใ‚‹ๆŸ“ๆ–™ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 274, 782ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒ”ใƒฉใ‚พ ใƒญใƒณใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ฝใƒŽใƒผใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 956, 879ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒชใƒผใƒซใ‚กใ‚พๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 423, 207ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 384, 487ๅท ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚นใƒใƒช ใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ‚ƒใƒ–ใ‚ฟใ‚ธใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 527, 583ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒก ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขไบŒใƒณๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 486, 897ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 652, 284ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 718๏ผŒ 472ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒก ใƒญ ใ‚ทใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒณๆŸ“ๆ–™ ใ‚„ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ฝใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ ยพๆ–™ใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3, 976, 661ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚งใƒŠ ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใธ ใƒŸ ใ‚ชใ‚ญ ใ‚ฝ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซๆŸ“ๆ–™ๅŠใณ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 584, 609ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 1,177, 429ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 48-85130ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 49-99620ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 49-114420ๅทใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 2, 533, 472ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3 , 148, 187ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 177, 078ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 247, 127ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 540, 887ๅทใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3, 575, 704ๅทใ€ ๅŒ ็ฌฌ 3, 653, 905ๅทใ€ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆŸ“ๆ–™ใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆŸ“ๆ–™ใฏ้ฉๅฝ“ใชๆบถๅช’ ใ€”ไพ‹ใˆใฐๆฐดใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒก ใ‚ฟใƒŽใƒผ ใƒซใ€ ใ‚จใ‚ฟ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒŽใƒฝ'ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ป ใƒˆ ใƒณใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ป ๅฃ ใ‚ฝใƒซใƒ–ใชใฉใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆททๅˆๆบถๅช’ใ€• ใซๆบถ่งฃใ—ใฆๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ ้žๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งใฎ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑค็”จๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒไธญใซๆทปๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆŸ“ๆ–™ใฎไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใฏใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใซ 10โ€” 3 gใƒŽ^ใ€œ 1 g /m2. ็‰น ใซ 10โ€” 3 gใƒŽ ra2ใ€œ0.5gZm2ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„้‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ ใจใŒ ใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏใ€ ๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฆช ๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซ็„กๆฉŸใพใŸใฏๆœ‰ๆฉŸใฎ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ไพ‹ ใˆใฐใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰้กžใ€ ๏ผˆใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผ ใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ Nโ€”ใƒก ใƒๅฃไธ€ใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒญใƒผใƒซๅฐฟ ็ด ใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๆดปๆ€งใƒ“ใƒฅใƒซๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ1, 3, 5 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒญใ‚คใƒซใƒผ ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญ ใƒผ s โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใ‚ธใƒณใ€ 1 , 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซไธ€ 2 ไธ€ใƒ–ใƒญใƒ‘ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๆดปๆ€งใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ 2 , 4 โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒซ ไธ€ 6 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ s โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ธ ใƒณใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒ ใ‚ณ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ้…ธ้กž ใชใฉใ‚’ๅ˜็‹ฌใพใŸใฏ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใพใŸใฏไป–ใฎ่ฆชๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญ ใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซใฏๅก—ๅธƒๅŠฉๅ‰คใ€ ๅธฏ้›ป้˜ฒๆญขใ€ ใ‚นใƒ™ใƒชๆ€งๆ”น่‰ฏใ€ ไนณๅŒ–ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ€ ๆŽฅ็€้˜ฒๆญขๅŠใณๅ†™็œŸ็‰นๆ€งๆ”น่‰ฏ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ็พๅƒไฟƒ้€ฒใ€ ็กฌ่ชฟๅŒ–ใ€ ๅขžๆ„Ÿ๏ผ‰ ็ญ‰็จฎใ€…ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ€ ็จฎใ€…ใฎ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰คใ‚’ๅซใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ็‰นใซๆœฌ็™บ ๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰คใฏ็‰นๅ…ฌๆ˜ญ 58 - 9412ๅท ๅ…ฌๅ ฑใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 600ไปฅไธŠใฎใƒใƒช ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญ ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ้กžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ ใ“ใงๅธฏ้›ป้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€ ใƒ• ใƒƒ็ด ใ‚’ ่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใŸ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ่ฉณใ— ใ ใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4 , 201 , 586ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ ๆ˜ญ 60- 80849ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 59- 74554ๅท๏ผ‰ ใŒ็‰นใซๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใฏใ€ ๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฆช ๆฐดๆ€งใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑคใซๆŽฅ็€้˜ฒๆญขใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใ‚ทใƒช ใ‚ซใ€ ้…ธๅŒ–ใƒžใ‚ฐใƒ ใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใƒใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒก ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒผ ใƒˆ็ญ‰ใฎใƒž ใƒ„ ใƒˆๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ†™็œŸไนณๅ‰คใซใฏๅฏธๅบฆๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใฎๆ”น่‰ฏ ใชใฉใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงๆฐดไธๆบถใพใŸใฏ้›ฃๆบถๆ€งๅˆๆˆใƒœ ใƒช ใƒžใƒผใฎๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซ ๏ผˆใƒก ใ‚ฟ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚กใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซ ใ‚ณใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ขใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ ๏ผˆใƒก ใ‚ฟ๏ผ‰ ใ‚กใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ทใ‚ธใƒซ ๏ผˆใƒก ใ‚ฟ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆใ€ ใชใฉใฎๅ˜็‹ฌใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็ต„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ้…ธใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฟใ‚ขใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ้…ธใ€ ใชใฉใฎ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใ‚’ๅ˜้‡ไฝ“ๆˆๅˆ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ ใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคๅŠใณใใฎไป–ใฎๅฑค ใซใฏ้…ธๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ้…ธๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ‚ตใƒช ใƒใƒซ้…ธใ€ ้…ข้…ธใ€ ใ‚กใ‚นใ‚ณ ใƒซใƒ“ใƒณ้…ธ็ญ‰ใฎๆœ‰ ๆฉŸ้…ธๅŠใณใ‚ขใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ้…ธใ€ ใƒžใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒซ้…ธใฎๅฆ‚ใ้…ธใƒขใƒŽ ใƒžใƒผ ใ‚’ ใ ใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ๅ˜ไฝใจ ใ—ใฆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผๅˆใฏใ‚ณใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61 - 223834ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 61 - 228437ๅทใ€ ๅŒ 62 - 25745ๅทใ€ ๅŠใณๅŒ 62- 55642ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑใฎ่จ˜่ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎไธญใงใ‚‚็‰นใซๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ไฝŽๅˆ†ๅญๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ ใ—ใฆใ‚กใ‚นใ‚ณ ใƒซใƒ“ใƒณ้…ธใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้ซ˜ๅˆ†ๅญ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ ใ—ใฆใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ้…ธใฎๅฆ‚ใ้…ธใƒขใƒŽ ใƒžใƒผใจใ‚ธใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒซใƒšใƒณใ‚ผ ใƒณใฎๅฆ‚ใ 2ๅ€‹ไปฅไธŠใฎไธ้ฃฝๅ’ŒๅŸบใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆžถๆฉ‹ๆ€งใƒขใƒŽ ใƒžใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ ใ‚ณใƒœใƒชใƒžใƒผใฎๆฐดๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๆ€งใƒฉใƒ† ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€้ป’็™ฝๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹้š› ใฎ็พๅƒๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆทปๅŠ ๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใ€ ใ‚ขใƒซ ๅŠ› ใƒชๅ‰คใ€ P H็ทฉ่กๅ‰คใ€ ไฟๆ’ๅ‰คใ€ ใ‚ญใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰ค๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจ ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ใซใฏใ€ ๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚็”จใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใ—ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใซใฏๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅˆใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ 18ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 50 'Cใฎ้–“ใซ้ธใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŠ› 18 ฮใ‚ˆใ‚ŠไฝŽ ใ„ๆธฉๅบฆใพใŸใฏ 50ใฆใ‚’ใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๆธฉๅบฆใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ใ‚ธใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ้กžใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซใƒผ
3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณ้กžใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใƒฆใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ้กž็ญ‰ใฎๅ…ฌ็Ÿฅใฎ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌ ใ‚’ๅ˜็‹ฌใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒๆถฒใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็ณป็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใจใ— ใฆใฏใƒ ใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒญ ใƒŽใƒฝ ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ ใƒ–ใƒญใƒข ใƒŽใƒฝ ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ ใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ 2 , 3 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒญ ใƒŽใƒฝใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ 2 , 3 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ–ๅฃใƒข ใƒŽใƒฝใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใ€ 2 , 5 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณ็ญ‰ใŒ ยพใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ใชใ‹ใงใ‚‚็‰นใซ ใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฃใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
่ฃœๅŠฉ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใจใ—ใฆใฎ 1 โ€”ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซโ€” 3 โ€”ใƒ”ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณๅˆใฏ ใใฎ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใฏ 1 ไธ€ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 4 , 4 ใƒผใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒ ใƒซใƒผ 4 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 โ€”ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 4 , 4 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 3 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ 1 ไธ€ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซไธ€ 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ 1 ไธ€ p โ€”ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 4 , 4 โ€”ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒ”ใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ 1 โ€” P โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒซไธ€ 4 , 4 ใƒผใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ใƒณใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ฮก โ€”ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ• ใƒฑ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ็ณปๆ•ๅŠฉ็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใจ ใ—ใฆใฏ ฮ โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ ฮก โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ• ใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ฮก โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ• ใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ฮ โ€” ๏ผˆ ใƒผใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ ฮก โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ฮโ€” ( 4 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ไธ€ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ฐ ใƒช ใ‚ท ใƒณใ€ 2 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ ฮก โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ฮก โ€”ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใƒฑ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ็ญ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใใ€ ใชใ‹ใงใ‚‚ ฮ โ€”ใƒก ใƒ ใƒซใƒผ ฮก โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽใƒผใƒซใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ‚ธ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทในใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ็ณป็พๅƒไธป่–ฌใฏ้€šๅธธ 0 . 05ใƒขใƒซ/ ยฃ ใ€œ 8 ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ^ ใฎ้‡ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ‚ธใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใน ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ้กžใจ 1 โ€”ใƒ• ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉใ‚พใƒช ใƒ‰ ใƒณ้กžๅˆใฏ ฮก โ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ โ€”ใƒ• ใƒฆใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ้กžใจใฎ็ต„ๅˆใ›ใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏๅ‰่€…ใ‚’ 0 . 05ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ยฃใ€œ0. 5 ใƒขใƒซ / ยฃใ€ ๅพŒ่€…ใ‚’ 0. 06ใƒขใƒซ/ ยฃไปฅไธ‹ใฎ้‡ใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉไฟๆ’ๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆใฏไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒช ใƒใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ€ ใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ็ญ‰ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
้ป’็™ฝ็พๅƒๆถฒใ€ ็‰นใซใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒผใƒ„็”จ็พๅƒๆถฒใซใฏไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ ใฏ 0 . 3 ใƒขใƒซ ฮ– ยฃไปฅไธŠ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŠ› ไฝ™ใ‚Š ใซๅคš้‡ๆทปๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใจ็พๅƒ ๆถฒไธญใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใ—ใฆๆถฒๆฑšๆŸ“ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใฎใงใ€ ไธŠ้™ใฏ 1 . 2 ใƒขใƒซ ฮ– ยฃ ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็พๅƒๆถฒใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใƒซๅŠ› ใƒชๅ‰คใซใฏๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ็‚ญ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ็ฌฌไธ‰ใƒช ใƒณ้…ธ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ็ฌฌไธ‰ใƒช ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ฑใ‚ฃ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ฑใ‚ฃ้…ธ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใฎๅฆ‚ใ ฮก ฮ—่ชฟ็ฏ€ๅ‰คใ‚„็ทฉ่กๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ใ€‚ ไธŠ่จ˜ๆˆๅˆ†ไปฅๅค–ใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆทปๅŠ ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใƒ›ใ‚ฆ้…ธใ€ ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ็ ‚ใช
ใฉใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใฎ
ๅฆ‚ใ็พๅƒๆŠ‘ๅˆถๅ‰ค ๏ผš ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใƒ€ใƒช ใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซใ€
ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚จใƒใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ€ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ›ใƒซใƒ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ป ๅฃ
ใ‚ฝใƒซใƒ–ใ€ ใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ท ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ€ ใ‚จใ‚ฟใƒŽใƒผใƒซใ€ ใƒกใ‚ฟใƒŽใƒผใƒซใฎๅฆ‚
ใๆœ‰ๆฉŸๆบถๅ‰ค ๏ผš 1 โ€” ใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซโ€” 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚พใƒผใƒซใ€ 2
ไธ€ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ– ใƒˆ ใƒ™ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซไธ€ 5 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ 
ๅกฉ็ญ‰ใฎใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ 5 โ€”ไบŒ ใƒˆใƒญใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็ญ‰ใฎใ‚ฃ ใƒณ
ใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ 5 โ€”ใƒกใƒใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใƒ„ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็ญ‰ใฎใƒ™ใƒณใƒƒ
ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใชใฉใฎใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒช้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คๅˆใฏ้ป’ใƒใƒƒ๏ผˆb l ack
pepper)้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค๏ผš ใ‚’่ˆŽใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ๆ›ดใซๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ่‰ฒ่ชฟๅ‰คใ€
็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰คใ€ ๆถˆๆณกๅ‰คใ€ ็กฌๆฐด่ปŸๅŒ–ๅ‰คใ€ ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใ€ ใชใฉใ‚’่ˆใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ
ใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็พๅƒๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ้Š€ๆฑšใ‚Œ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ
56 - 24347ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ็พๅƒใƒ ใƒฉ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62 - 212651ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ๆบถ่งฃๅŠฉๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61 - 267759ๅท
ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”ฉใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜็พๅƒๆถฒใซใฏใ€ ็ทฉ่กๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62 - 186259ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ้…ธใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60โ€” 93433ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ็ณ–้กž ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒญใƒผ
ใ‚น๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ ้กž ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ้กž
(ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ 5 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚ตใƒช ใƒใƒซ้…ธ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็ฌฌ 3 ใƒช ใƒณ้…ธๅกฉ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใƒŠ
ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใชใฉใŒ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฏๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใฎไป–ใซๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ็กฌ่†œๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐๆฐดๆบถๆ€งใ‚ก i ใƒซ ใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ้…ข้…ธๅŠใณไบŒๅกฉๅŸบ้…ธ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚ฏใ‚ง
ใƒณ้…ธๅˆใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฅฝใพใ— ใ ใฏใ€ PH 3 . 8 ไปฅไธŠใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 4 ยท 0 ใ€œ7. 5ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๆตดใซใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉไปฅๅค–ใซๆ—ข็Ÿฅใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ไฝต ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉ ็กซ้…ธใ‚กใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฎš็€้€Ÿๅบฆใฎ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚กใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใŒ็‰นใซๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใฎไฝฟ็”จ้‡ใฏ้ฉๅฎœๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒ ใงใใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใซใฏ็ด„ 0 . 1 ใ€œ็ด„ 5 ใƒขใƒซ ยฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒไธญใงไธปใจ ใ—ใฆ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆไฝœ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆฐดๆบถๆ€งใ‚ขใƒซใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉใฏไธ€่ˆฌใซ้…ธๆ€ง ็กฌ่†œๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ ๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ็กซ้…ธใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ซ ใƒชๆ˜Žใฐใ‚“ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎไบŒๅกฉๅŸบ้…ธใจใ—ใฆใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ใ€ ใ‚ฏใ‚งใƒณ ้…ธใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ใŒๅ˜็‹ฌใงใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏไบŒ็จฎไปฅไธŠใ‚’ไฝต็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏๅฎš็€ๆถฒ 1 ยฃ ใซใฃใ 0. 005ใƒขใƒซ ไปฅไธŠ่ˆใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ€ ็‰นใซ 0 . 01ใƒขใƒซ ยฃใ€œ0. 03ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ยฃใŒ็‰น ใซๆœ‰ๅŠนใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ใ€ ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธใ‚ขใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใซใŠใ„ใฆๆœ‰ๅŠนใชใ‚ฏ ใ‚ง ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ใฎไพ‹ใจใ— ใฆใ‚ฏ ใ‚ง ใƒณ้…ธใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใ‚ง ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใ‚ง ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใชใฉๅŠ›ใ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซใฏใ• ใ‚‰ใซๆ‰€ๆœ›ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šไฟๆ’ๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ€ ้‡ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ฮก ฮ—็ทฉ่กๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ้…ข้…ธใ€ ็กผ้…ธ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ฯ ฮ—่ชฟๆ•ดๅ‰ค (ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ€ ็กซ้…ธ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ็”ปๅƒไฟๅญ˜่‰ฏๅŒ–ๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๆฒƒ ๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ญ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰คใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ใ“ ใจใŒใงใ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ ใ“ใง ฮก ฮ—้”พ่กๅ‰ค ใฏใ€ ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎ ฮก ฮ—ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใฎใง 1 0ใ€œ40 gใƒŽ ยฃใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ ใฏ 1 8 ใ€œ25 g / ยฃ็จ‹ๅบฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅฎš็€ๆธฉๅบฆใŠใ‚ˆใณๆ™‚้–“ใฏ็พๅƒใฎๅ ดๅˆใจๅŒๆง˜ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็ด„ 20ใฆใ€œ็ด„ 50ใฆใง 10็ง’ใ€œ 1ๅˆ†ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใจใ—ใฆใฏ 400ffi Zmzไปฅไธ‹ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใชใฉใซใฏใ€ ใ‚ซใƒ“้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐๅ €ๅฃ่‘— ใ€Œ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒใฐ ใ„ใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆใ€ ใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62-115154 ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๆฐดๆด— ไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰ค ๏ผˆไบœ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใ‚ญใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅ‰คใชใฉใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใ„ใ€‚
ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใชใฉใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏใ€ 1200ffiยฃ/"inzไปฅไธ‹ ๏ผˆ 0ใ‚’่ˆใ‚€๏ผ‰ ใฎใงใ‚ ใคใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚ ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐด ๏ผˆๅˆใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๆถฒ๏ผ‰ ใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใŒ 0 ใฎๅ ดๅˆใจใฏใ€ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆบœๆฐดๆฐดๆด—ๆ–นๅผใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๆฐดๆด—ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๅคใ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšๆฎตๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐ 2ๆฎตใ€ 3ๆฎต ใชใฉ๏ผ‰ ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใชใฉใฎๆฐดใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹่ชฒ้กŒใซใฏๆฌก ใฎๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ€ง่ƒฝใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจ ใŒๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆฐดๆด—ๆตดๅˆใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใซใฏใ€ B. T. Kreiman ่‘— J. Image, Tech. Vol. 10 No.6 242 (1984)ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใƒช ใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ ใ‚นใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผ ๏ผˆ R. .X). ) ็ฌฌ 205ๅทปใ€ No.20526 (1981ๅนดใ€ 5ๆœˆๅท๏ผ‰ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ขใ‚พใƒช ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ๅŒ ็ฌฌ 228ๅทปใ€ ฮฮฑ22845 (1983ๅนดใ€ 4ๆœˆๅท๏ผ‰ ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ค ใ‚ฝใƒใ‚ข ใ‚พใƒช ใƒณ็ณปๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61-115, 154ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62-209, 532ๅทใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ€ ใชใฉใ‚’้˜ฒ่Œๅ‰ค๏ผˆMicrobiocide)ใจใ—ใฆไฝต็”จใ™ ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใฎไป–ใ€ ใ€Œ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒๅพตใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆใ€ ๅ €ๅฃๅš่‘—ใ€ ไธ‰ๅ…ฑ ๅ‡บ็‰ˆ ๏ผˆๆ˜ญ 57) ใ€ ใ€Œ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒๅพตๆŠ€่ก“ใƒใƒณ ใƒ‰ใƒ–ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ใ€ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ้˜ฒ่Œ้˜ฒๅพฝๅญฆ ไผš ' ๅšๅ ฑๅ ‚ ๏ผˆๆ˜ญๅ’Œ 61) ใ€ L. E. West "Water Quallity Criteria" Photo Sci & Eng. Vol. 9 Na6 (1965) . M. W. Beach
"Microbiological Growths in Motion Picture Processing SMPTE Journal Vol. 85 (1976) . R. 0. Deegan "Photo Proces sing Wash Water Bi ocides J . Imaging Tech . Vol* 10 No.6
(1984)ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅซใ‚“ใงใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใŸๅพŒใซๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฐดใงๆฐดๆด—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ็‰น้–‹ ๆ˜ญ 63- 18, 350ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62-287, 252ๅทใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚ฃ ใ‚บใƒญ ใƒผใƒฉใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒฉ ใƒƒใ‚ฏๆด—ๆต„ๆงฝใ‚’่จญใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ„ใ€‚
ๆ›ดใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๆฐดๆด—ๅˆใฏๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใซ้˜ฒๅพตๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’ ๆ–ฝใ—ใŸๆฐดใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ่ฃœๅ……ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็”Ÿใšใ‚‹ๆฐดๆด—ๅˆใฏ ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆตดใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒญไธ€ๆถฒใฎไธ€้ƒจๅˆใฏๅ…จ้ƒจใฏ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 60- 235, 133ๅทใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 63-129,343ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฎ ๅ‰ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใซๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใง ใใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆ›ดใซใ€ ๅฐ‘้‡ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใงๆฐดๆด—ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ๆ˜“ใ„ๆฐดๆณกใƒ  ใƒฉ้˜ฒ ๆญขๅŠใณ ๅˆใฏใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚ค ใ‚บใƒญใƒผใƒฉใƒผใซไป˜็€ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅ‰คๆˆๅˆ†ใŒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ• ใ‚ŒใŸใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ใซ่ปขๅ†™ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฐดๆบถๆ€ง็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€ง ๅ‰คใ‚„ๆถˆๆณกๅ‰คใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆบถๅ‡บใ—ใŸๆŸ“ๆ–™ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๆฑšๆŸ“้˜ฒๆญขใซใ€ ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 63
-163, 456ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎ่‰ฒ็ด ๅธ็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ๆฐดๆด—ๆงฝใซ่จญ็ฝฎใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ ็พๅƒใ€ ๅฎš็€ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ†™็œŸๆๆ–™ใฏๆฐดๆด—ๅŠใณ ไนพ็‡ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ ๆฐดๆด—ใฏๅฎš็€ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆบถ่งฃใ—ใŸ้Š€ๅกฉใ‚’ใปใผๅฎŒๅ…จใซ้™ค ใ 'ใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใชใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ็ด„ 20ใฆใ€œ็ด„ 50ใฆใง 10็ง’ใ€œ 3ๅˆ†ใŒๅฅฝใพ ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ไนพ็‡ฅใฏ็ด„ 40ใฆใ€œ็ด„ 100'Cใง่กŒใชใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ไนพ็‡ฅๆ™‚้–“ใฏๅ‘จๅ›ฒใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใซ ใ‚ˆใคใฆ้ฉๅฎœๅค‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŒใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏ็ด„ 5็ง’ใ€œ 3ๅˆ† 30็ง’ใงใ‚ˆใ„ใ€‚
ฯ€ไธ€ใƒฉใƒผๆฌ้€ๅž‹ใฎ่‡ชๅ‹•็พๅƒๆฉŸใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 3025779 ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใ€ ๅŒ็ฌฌ 3545971ๅทๆ˜Ž็ดฐๆ›ธใชใฉใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌๆ˜Ž ็ดฐๆ›ธใซใŠใ„ใฆใฏๅ˜ใซใƒญใƒผใƒฉใƒผๆฌ้€ๅž‹ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ป ใƒƒใ‚ตไธ€ใจใ—ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒผใƒฉใƒผๆฌ้€ๅž‹ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ป ใƒƒใ‚ตไธ€ใฏ็พๅƒใ€ ๅฎš็€ใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๅŠใณไนพ็‡ฅ ใฎๅ››ๅทฅ็จ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ใ€ ไป–ใฎๅทฅ็จ‹ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๅœๆญขๅทฅ็จ‹๏ผ‰ ใ‚’้™คๅค–ใ—ใชใ„ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ››ๅทฅ็จ‹ใ‚’่ธ่ฅฒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฅฝ ใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ ใ“ใงใ€ ๆฐดๆด—ๅทฅ็จ‹ใฏใ€ 2ใ€œ 3ๆฎตใฎๅ‘ๆตๆฐดๆด—ๆ–นๅผใ‚’็”จใ„ ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆใคใฆ็ฏ€ๆฐดๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’็พๅƒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ็”จใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็พๅƒๆถฒ ใฏ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 61 - 73147ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้…ธ็ด ้€้Žๆ€งใฎไฝŽใ„ๅŒ…ๆใงไฟ็ฎก ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใพใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸไธŠ่จ˜็พๅƒๆถฒใฏ็‰น้–‹ๆ˜ญ 62 - 91939ๅทใซ่จ˜ ่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่ฃœๅ……ใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅฅฝใพ ใ— ใ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใฏๅ‰่จ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซ ใ‚‚้ป’็™ฝๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซใ‚‚้ฉ็”จใงใใ€ ้ป’็™ฝๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใฎ ้ป’็™ฝใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ ๏ผˆไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๆ’ฎๅฝฑ็”จ้ป’็™ฝๆ„Ÿๆใ€ X ใƒฌใ‚ค็”จ้ป’็™ฝๆ„Ÿๆใ€ ๅฐๅˆท็”จ้ป’็™ฝๆ„Ÿๆ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒฌใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŠใƒผ็”จ่ตค ๅค–ๅ…‰็”จๆ„Ÿๆใ€ ใชใฉใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
็™บๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฌๆ–ฝใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๅฝขๆ…‹
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝๆ…‹ๆง˜ใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ็คบใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใซ้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1ใ€œ19 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1
ไธ‹ๅก—ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ–ฝใ—ใŸไธ‰้…ข้…ธใ‚ปใƒซๅฃไธ€ใ‚นใƒ• ใ‚ค ใƒซใƒ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ ใซ็คบใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ต„ๆˆใฎๅ„ๅฑคใ‚ˆใ‚Šใชใ‚‹ๅคšๅฑคใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ฉฆ ๆ–™ 101ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ€‚
(ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๅฑคใฎ็ต„ๆˆ๏ผ‰
ๅก—ๅธƒ้‡ใฏใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰้Š€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ้Š€ใฎ gใƒŽ m2ๅ˜ไฝใง่กจใ—ใŸ้‡ใ‚’ใ€ ใพใŸใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผใ€ ๆทปๅŠ ๅ‰คใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณใซ ใคใ„ใฆใฏ gใƒŽ mzๅ˜ไฝใง่กจใ—ใŸ้‡ใ‚’ใ€ ใพใŸๅขžๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅŒ ไธ€ๅฑคๅ†…ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใฎใƒขใƒซๆ•ฐใง็คบใ—ใŸใ€‚
็ฌฌ 1ๅฑค ๏ผˆใƒใƒฌไธ€ใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ้˜ฒๆญขๅฑค๏ผ‰
้ป’่‰ฒใ‚ณ ๅฃใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰้Š€ 0.15 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 1.5
E X - 8 0.8
U V - 1 0.03
U V - 2 0.06
S 0 1 V - 2 0.08 U V - 3 0.07
C p d - 5 6 X 10 ็ฌฌ 2ๅฑค ๏ผˆไธญ้–“ๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 1.5
U V - 1 0.03 U V - 2 0.06
U V - 3 0.07
E F - 1 0.004
S 0 1 V โ€” 2 0.07
C d - 5 6 X 10' ็ฌฌ 3ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 1่ตคๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰ ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ A g I 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g Iๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0.3 ๅฟใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 29%ใ€ ๆญฃๅธธๆ™ถใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„/ๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 2.5) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.5 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 0.8
E S - 1 1.0 X10- E X S - 2 3.0 X10- E X S - 3 1 X10-5 E C - 3 0.22 E C - 4 0.02
C p d โ€” 5 3 X10-4 4ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 2่ตคๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ A g I 4ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g Iๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0.55/ffliใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 20%ใ€ ๆญฃๅธธๆ™ถใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„ใƒŽๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 1 ) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.7 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 1.26 E X S - 1 1 X10" E S - 2 3 X10' E X S - 3 1 X10-
E C - 3 0.33 E X C - 4 0.01 E X Y -16 0.01 E X C - 7 0.04 E X C - 2 0.08 S o 1 v - 1 ยท ยท 0.03
C p d - 5 ยท โ™ฆ 5 X 10 ็ฌฌ 5ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 3่ตคๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ A g I 10ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g Iๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0.7 ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 30%ใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญใ€ ็›ดๅพ„ Z
ๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 2 ) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.7 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 0.8 E S - 1 1 X 10- 4 E X S - 2 3 X 10-4
E S - 3 1 X 10"5 E X C - 5 0.05 E C - 6 0.06 S 0 1 V - 1 0.15 S o 1 V - 2 0.08
C p d - 5 3 X 10"5 ็ฌฌ 6ๅฑค ๏ผˆไธญ้–“ๅฑค๏ผ‰ โ€•
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 1.0
C p d - 5 ' 4 X 10 C p d โ€” 1 0.10
C p d - 4 1.23
S o 1 v โ€” 1 0.05
C p d - 3 0.25 ็ฌฌ 7ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 1็ท‘ๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆA g I 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜ A g I ๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0.3 ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๆŸฝ
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 28%ใ€ ๆญฃๅธธๆ™ถใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„ใƒŽๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 2.5) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.30 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 0.4
E X S - 4 5 X 10- 4
E S - 6 0. 3 X 10-
E X S - 5 2 X 10-"
E M - 9 0.2
E X Y - 14 0.03 E X M - 8 0.03
S 0 1 V - 1 0.2
C p d โ€” 5 2 X 10ไธ€4 8ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 2็ถ ๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆA g I 4ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g lๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0.55 ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 20%ใ€ ๆญฃๅธธๆ™ถใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„/ๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 4 ) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.6
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 0.8
E X S - 4 ฮด X 10"4 E S - 5 2 X10- 4 E X S - 6 0.3 X 10 E X M - 9 0.25 E X M - 8 0.03 E M -10 0.015 E X Y -14 0.04 S o 1 v - 1 ยท 0.2
C p d - 5 ยท 3 X 10-" ็ฌฌ 9ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 3็ถ ๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆA g I 10ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g Iๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0.7 ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 30%ใ€ ๆญฃๅธธๆ™ถใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„ ZๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 2.0) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.85 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 1.0
E S - 4 2.0 X 10- 4 E S - 5 2.0 X 10"4 E S - 6 0.2 X 10"4 E X S - 7 3.0 X 10"4 E X M -12 0.06
E X M -13 0.02
E X M - 8 0.02
S 0 1 V - 1 0.20
S 0 1 V - 2 0.05
C p d - 5 4 X 10-" ็ฌฌ 10ๅฑค ๏ผˆใ‚คใ‚งใƒญใƒผใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใ‚ฟไธ€ๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 0.9 ้ป„่‰ฒใ‚ณ ใƒญใ‚ค ใƒ‰ๅฑค 0.05
C p d - 1 0.2
S 0 1 - 1 0.15
C p d - 5 4 X 10-" ็ฌฌ 11ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 1 ้’ๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰ ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ A g I 4 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g Iๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 0. 5ๅฟใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 15%ใ€ 8้ขไฝ“็ฒ’ๅญ๏ผ‰
ๅธƒ Is้‡ 0.4 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 1.0 E X S - 8 2 X 10 E X Y - 16 0.9 E X Y -14 0.09 S 0 1 V - 1 0.3 C p d - 5 4 X 10- ็ฌฌ 12ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 2้’ๆ„Ÿไนณๅ‰คๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆA g I 10ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ๅ†…้ƒจ้ซ˜
A g Iๅž‹ใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„ 1.3 ๅฟใ€ ็ƒ็›ธๅฝ“ๅพ„
ใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐ 25%ใ€ ๆญฃๅธธๆ™ถใ€ ๅŒๆ™ถๆททๅˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„ ZๅŽšใฟๆฏ” 4.5) ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ 0.5 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 0.6 E S - 8 1 X 10" E Y -16 0.12 S o 1 V - 1 0.04 C p d - 5 2 X 10ยท ็ฌฌ 13ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 1ไฟ่ญทๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅพฎ็ฒ’ๅญๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅพ„ 0.07 ใ€
A g I 1 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ… ) 0.2 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 0.8 U V - 3 0.1 ฮด ฯ‹ V - 4 ยท ยท ' 0.1
U V - 5 ยท ยท ยท 0.2
S o 1 v โ€” 3 ' ' ยท 0.04
C p d - ฮด . . . 3 X 10" 4 ็ฌฌ 14ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ฌฌ 2ไฟ่ญทๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ ยท ยท ยท ' 0.9 ใƒใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌไธ€ ใƒˆ็ฒ’ๅญ
็›ดๅพ„ l*5 /m ' * ' ' U .2
8
9
C p d - ฮด . , . x 10 - 4 0 ฮ— - 1 ยท ยท ยท ยท 0.4
ๅ„ๅฑคใซใฏไธŠ่จ˜ใฎๆˆๅˆ†ใฎไป–ใซใ€ ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๆใ‚’ๅก—ๅธƒๅŠฉๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆๆทป ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปฅไธŠใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ—ใฆไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’่ฉฆๆ–™ 101ใจ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใซๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซ็”จใ„ใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅŒ–ๅญฆๆง‹้€ ๅผใพใŸใฏๅŒ–ๅญฆๅใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ
รท 1 ^ ฯ‹ V - 4
CH3 CH3
+ CH2-C + โ– 4- CHZ-C -
C00CH2CH20C0 C00CH
CH: CH = C
CK / 3 (้‡้‡ๆฏ”๏ผ‰0
U V - 5 C2H ใƒŽ z C00C8H
๏ผ› N-CH=CH-CH=C
C2H: ใ€ S02C6Hi
U V โ€” 1 HO (t)C4H9
(t)C4H9 U V - 2 HO
ใ€.. ฮ.ใ‚ \s
๏ผš. ฮฏ ฮ -'ใ— /
Figure imgf000092_0001
U V - 3 ฮ—ฮŸ (sec) H'
ยฃ ใบ
ใ— " i
ใธ N
(t)C4H9
S o 1 v
ใƒช ใƒณ้…ธ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฏ ใƒฌใ‚ธใƒซ
S 0 1 V - 2
ใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒซ้…ธใ‚ธใƒ–ใƒใƒซ
S 0 1 V - 3 ๏ผš
ใƒ•ใ‚ฟใƒซ้…ธใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ 2 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซ๏ผ‰
E X M - 8
C2H5
(t)H, ,C5
- :ใ€‡ )-0CH3
Figure imgf000092_0002
E x F - 1
Cf ใ— ฮฏ
Figure imgf000093_0001
C2H5OS03 e
E x C - 2 ๏ผš
Figure imgf000093_0002
E x Cโ€” 3
OH
CONH (CH2) 30C, 2H21
ใ€ใ€‡ไธŠใ€‡J
(i)C4H9OCONH
E x Y - 14 ๏ผš
C, 2HZ50C0 OOCi zHz
Figure imgf000093_0003
92
E x C - 4 ๏ผš
OH
ใ€ N'HC0C3F7 , ( t) C 5 H l l ^J
(t)C5H, .-(O oCHzCONH'' (S
ใ€ใ€๏ผŒ HOใ€
HO CONHC3H
Figure imgf000094_0001
OOCHs
10 E x Y - 15 ๏ผš
Figure imgf000094_0002
93
E x C
s
Figure imgf000095_0001
zNใ€
N coc ใ€‡
E x - 9
000
Figure imgf000095_0002
E x M - 12๏ผš
CZH5
(t)C5H! ,โ€” ('O:โ€” 0CHC0NH
(t)C5H! , ^ CONH-0โ€”
ใ‚“' ใ€
N,
N 0 ใ— ใƒช
E x M - 13
CzH:
f
(t)C5H! , -:0 0CHC0NH- )
Figure imgf000096_0001
ใ€ไธ€:ใ€ ใ€ไธ€ใ
(t)C5H, I ' CONH-Qโ€” ยท' ใ€
0
N ฯ… Cf Cf
Figure imgf000096_0002
E >: M - 16 ๏ผš ไธ€
.COOCi ZH25 (n)
CH30-CV-C0CHC0 H-O)
,Nใ€
0 = C ' ใ€,C = 0
HCโ€•
C2H50 ' CH2 -๏ผ› U๏ผ› C p d - 1
C6H i 3 (n) ,-NHCOCHCsHi 7 (n)
OH
NHC0- O
ใ— ' ^NHCOCHCsH, 7 (n)
OH C6H i a (n)
C p d - 2
9
5
Figure imgf000097_0001
E x S - 1
Figure imgf000097_0002
E x S - 3
C2H:
, Sใ€zใ€ใ‚
C- CH
''Nใƒก ys
Figure imgf000098_0001
e (CH Z ) 3 SOsH - N (C2H5) 3
E x S - 4
9
6
Figure imgf000098_0002
Figure imgf000099_0001
ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸ่ฉฆๆ–™ 101ใฎๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ๅŠใณๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใฎไธ‹ๅก—ใ‚Šๅฑคใ‚’้™ค ใ ๅ…จๅก—ๅธƒๅฑคใฎไนพ็‡ฅ่†œๅŽš 17.6ๅฟใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่†จๆฝค้€Ÿๅบฆ ๏ผˆ T '/2)ใฏ 8 ็ง’ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
ไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ่ฉฆๆ–™ใฏ 35mmๅทพใซ่ฃๆ–ญ ยท ๅŠ ๅทฅใ—ใ€ ๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€ ไธ‹ ่จ˜ใซ็คบใ™ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅ‡ฆๆ–นใง่‡ชๅ‹•็พๅƒๆฉŸใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ็ดฏ็ฉ่ฃœๅ……้‡ๅŠ›; ๆฏๆถฒใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ใฎ 3ๅ€้‡ใซใชใ‚‹ใพใฆใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ— ๅ‡ฆ ็† ๅทฅ ็จ‹
ใ‚ง ็จ‹ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒ 3 ๅˆ† 15็ง’ 38'C 15 mi 20 i ๆผ‚ ็™ฝ 4 ๅˆ† 30็ง’ 38ใฆ 10 mi 40 ยฃ ๆฐด ๆด— 2 ๅˆ† 10็ง’ 35ใฆ 10 id 20 i ๅฎš ็€ 4 ๅˆ† 20็ง’ 38'C 30 ฯ€& 30 ฮฏ
ๆฐดๆด— ๏ผˆ1) 1 ๅˆ† 05็ง’ 35ใฆ (2)ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผˆ1)ใธใฎ 10 ยฃ ๅ‘ๆต้…็ฎกๆ–นๅผใ€‚
ๆฐดๆด— ๏ผˆ2) 1 ๅˆ† 00็ง’ 35 20 mi 20 ฮฏ
1 ๅˆ† 05็ง’ 38'C 10 it& 10 ยฃ 4 ๅˆ† 20็ง’ 55ใฆ
่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏ 35mmๅทพ 1 m้•ทใ•ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š
ๆฌกใซใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎ็ต„ๆˆใ‚’่จ˜ใ™ c
(็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ (g) ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณไบ”้…ข้…ธ 1.0 1.1 1 ใƒผ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ฯ€ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ ใƒช ใƒ‡ ใƒณ 3.0 3.2
- 1 : ใ€‘ ไธ€ ใ‚ธใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ - ฮฏ o
99
ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  4.0 4.9 ็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  30.0 30.0 ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  1.4
ใƒจ ใ‚ฆๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  1. omg
ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ๅฃ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ 2.4
4 - ( ฮ โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ ฮ โ€” /? โ€” 4.5
Figure imgf000101_0001
ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๏ผ‰
ไธ€ 2 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒช ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ 1.0 ยฃ
ฮก ฮ— 10.05 10.10 (ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ๏ผˆg)
1 , 3-ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ 144.0 206.0 ๅ››้…ข้…ธ็ฌฌไบŒ้‰„ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ไธ€ๆฐดๅกฉ๏ผ‰
่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  84.0 12.02 6 ็กซ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  30.0 41.7
(98ยพ) 28.0 40.0 ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ท ้…ธ 63.0 90.0 ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ^ 1.01 0 P H (ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ขๆฐด ฮฏ2ฮŠฮ 3.0 2.8
ใง่ชฟๆ•ด๏ผ‰
(ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ (g) ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››^้…ธใƒ‹ใƒŠ 0.5 1.0
ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๅกฉ ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  7.0 12.0 ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  5.0 9.5 ๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ 170.0 240.0 :
(70wt%)
ๅˆใฏ่กจไธ€ 1 ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค 0.8ใƒขใƒซ 1.1ใƒขใƒซ ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ 1.0 ฮฏ.
ฮก ฮ— 6.7 6.7
(ๆฐดๆด—ๆถฒ๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒใ€ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒๅ…ฑ้€š
ๆฐด้“ๆฐดใ‚’ ฮ—ๅž‹ๅผท้…ธๆ€งๅŠ› ใƒใ‚ฉ ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆจน่„‚ ๏ผˆ'ใƒญใƒผใƒ ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ‰ใƒใƒผใ‚น ็คพ่ฃฝใ‚ข ใƒณใƒ‘ใƒผใƒฉ ใ‚ค ใƒˆ I R โ€” 120B) ใจใ€ ฮŸ ฮ—ๅž‹ใ‚กใƒ‹ใ‚ช ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆจน่„‚ (ๅŒใ‚ข ใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฉ ใ‚ค ใƒˆ I R โ€” 400)ใ‚’ๅ……ๅกกใ—ใŸๆททๅบŠๅผๅŠ› ใƒฉ ใƒ ใซ้€šๆฐด ใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒซใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ๅŠใณใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ 3 mg/ ยฃไปฅไธ‹ใซ ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใ€ ใ„ใฆไบŒๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŒไธ€ใƒซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  20mg/ ยฃ ใจ ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ 0.15 g / ยฃใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ Oๆถฒ G p H ใฏ 6. 5 โ€” 7. 5 ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใฃใŸ c
(ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ fใ€g ) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ใƒ›ใƒซใƒž ใƒช ใƒณ (3ฮŠฮ 2.0 3.0fl?i ใƒ ใƒช ใ‚ชใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณไธ€ p โ€”ใƒข 0.3 0.45 ใƒŽ ใƒŽ ไบŒใƒŽใƒฌใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ ใƒฌใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใƒŽใƒฌ
(ๅนณๅ‡้‡ๅˆๅบฆ 10)
ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้†‰้…ธใƒ‹ใƒŠ 0.05 0.08 ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉ
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ฮฏ. 1.0 p H 5.0-8.0 5.0โ€”8.0 ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใ€ ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็”จ่ฉฆๆ–™ใจๅŒใ˜่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ ็”จใ„ๅฎš็€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 2ๅˆ†ใ€ 3ๅˆ†ใจๅค‰ใˆใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žขๅ…‰ X็ทšๅˆ†ๆž่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ ใฆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ 60ยฐCZๆนฟๅบฆ 70%ใฎใ‚ต ใƒผใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ตไธ€ใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณๅค•ใฎๆœ€ๅฐ ๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆDrain ) ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ็ฑณๅ›ฝ็‰น่จฑ็ฌฌ 4378424 ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎไธ‹่จ˜ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆA) ใจ็‰น ้–‹ๅนณ 1 -201659 ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎไธ‹่จ˜ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆB) ใ€ ( C) ็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 2 -44355ๅท่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎไธ‹่จ˜ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆD) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ ใƒขใƒซใงใŠใๆ›ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใคใŸใ€‚
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆA) ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ B )
Figure imgf000103_0001
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ C ) ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆD)
Figure imgf000103_0002
ๆ–ฐใŸใชๆณช็ด™ ็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจ 1 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจโ€” 1 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใŒ่‰ฏใใ€ ใ‹ใคๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตไธ€ใƒขใงใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจ 1
1 ๅฎš ็€ ๅ‰ค j ๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผ ๅ‚™ ่€ƒ ๏ผ
i ( ฮผ gf cm) ใƒณใ‚ฟๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–
1 ๅฎš็€ 2ๅˆ† j ๅฎš็€ 3ๅˆ† (ADmin)
๏ผ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธ \ 25.0 ๏ผ› 4.0 รท0.07 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผ› ๏ผ› ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ 
๏ผ› ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 1 ๏ผš 5.1 ๏ผ 0.7 รท0.03 ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž ๏ผš
1 ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 2 ฮฐ ยท 8 ๏ผ› 7 + 0.03
๏ผš ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 6 ! J- 1 j 0.7 ๅž 0.03 ใ€ƒ ๏ผ
๏ผ ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ lo.o ๏ผ 0.8 + 0.10 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผ›
๏ผ› ๏ผ‰ ฮฏ ๏ผ
๏ผ› ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผ› 9.0 ๏ผ› 0.8 + 0.8
๏ผ ( B )
๏ผš ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 0.7 + 0.08
๏ผ› ( c ) ๏ผš i
๏ผš ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผš 9.5 ๏ผš 0.8 ^0.09
๏ผ› ( D ) ๏ผ ฮฏ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 3ใ€ A - 5ใ€ Aโ€” 7 ใ€
Aโ€” 9ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ Aโ€” 13ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใจๅŒๆง˜ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ็”ปๅƒ ไฟๅญ˜ๆ€ง ๏ผˆๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตไธ€ใƒข๏ผ‰ ใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ'้Š€ๆ€ง ๏ผˆๅฎš็€ๆ€ง๏ผ‰ ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œ ใŸ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ฮด 5
103
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3
็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 2- 93641ใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 ใฎๆ„Ÿๆใฎๅฆ‚ ใ ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸๆ’ฎๅฝฑ็”จๅŠ› ใƒฉ ไธ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ใซๆ„Ÿๅ…‰่จˆ ๏ผˆๅฏŒๅฃซๅ†™็œŸใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ๆ ชๅผไผš็คพ่ฃฝ F W H ๅž‹๏ผ‰ ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ€‚
ใใ—ใฆใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผใƒใ‚ฌ็”จใฎ่‡ชๅ‹•็พๅƒๆฉŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆไธ‹่จ˜ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹ใง ๅฎš็€ๆตดใฎใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน็ฉใฎ 2ๅ€่ฃœๅ……ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใง้€ฃ็ถšๅ‡ฆ็† ๏ผˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ†ใ‚น ใƒˆ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ๅ‡ฆ ็† ใ‚ง ็จ‹
ใ‚ง ็จ‹ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆ ่ฃœๅ……้‡" ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ 0 ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒ 3 ๅˆ† 15็ง’ 38.0'C 23 mi 15 ยฃ ๆผ‚ ็™ฝ 50็ง’ 38.0ใฆ ฮนฯ ฮฐ ฮฏ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ 50็ง’ 38.0'C ไธ€ 5 i ๅฎš ็€ 50็ง’ 38.0'C 16 Ji& 5 ฮฏ ๆฐดๆด— ๏ผˆ1) 30็ง’ 38.0'C โ€• 3 i ๆฐดๆด— ๏ผˆ2) 20็ง’ 38.0'C 34 id 3 a ๅฎ‰ ๅฎš 20็ง’ 38.0'C 20 mi 3 ฮฏ ไนพ ็‡ฅ 1 ๅˆ† 55. C
* ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏ 35mmๅทพ 1 mๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š ใฎ้‡
ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใฏ (2)ใ‹ใ‚‰ ฯ‰ใธใฎๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ•! :ยทๆด—ๆฐดใฎใ‚ฉไธ€ใƒใƒผใƒ•0 ฯ€โ€”ๆถฒใฏๅ…จใฆๅฎš็€ๆตดใธๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใธใฎ่ฃœๅ……ใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅ‹• ็พๅƒๆฉŸใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๆงฝใฎไธŠ้ƒจใจๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆงฝไฝŽ้ƒจไธฆใณใซๅฎš็€ๆงฝใฎไธŠ้ƒจใจ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆงฝไฝŽ้ƒจใจใ‚’ใƒใ‚ค ใƒ—ใงๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๆงฝใ€ ๅฎš็€ๆงฝใธใฎ่ฃœๅ…… ๆถฒใฎไพ›็ตฆใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฉ 'ไธ€ใƒŽใƒพไธ€ใƒ• ๅฃไธ€ๆถฒใฎๅ…จใฆใŒๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตด ใซๆตๅ…ฅใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸ 1ๅฐšใ€ ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅทฅ็จ‹ใธใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ ้‡ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒ ฮฟๅฎš็€ๅทฅ็จ‹ใธใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ้‡ ใ€ ๅŠใฒ'ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎๆฐดๆด—ๅทฅ็จ‹ ใธใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ้‡ใฏ 35mmๅทพใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1 m้•ทใ•ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ 2. 5 i ใ€ 2. 0 i^ 2. 0 ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผ Oๆ™‚ ้–“ใฏใ„ใฅใ‚Œใ‚‚ 5็ง’ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏๅ‰ๅทฅ็จ‹ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ใซๅŒ…่ˆ ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎ็ต„ๆˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚
(็พๅƒๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ 2.0 o ไบ”^้…ธ
1 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ ใƒช ใƒ‡ ใƒณ 3.3 3.3
ไธ€ 1 , 1 โ€” ใ‚ธใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ
ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  3.9 5.2 ็‚ญ้…ธใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  37.5 3S.0 ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  1.4 0 36.4 ใƒจ ใ‚ฆๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  1.3mg
ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใƒณใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ 2.4
2 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 4 ไธ€ ฮฏ X - .5
Figure imgf000106_0001
ใ‚งใƒใƒซไธ€ ฮ โ€” ( ฮฒ - ใƒ’ ใƒ‰
ๅฃ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๏ผš๏ผ›
ใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒช ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ 1.0 ยฃ ฮก ฮ— 10.05 10.15 (ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ (g) 1 , 3 โ€” ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ” ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ 144.0 206.0 ๅ››้…ข้…ธ็ฌฌไบŒ้‰„
ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ไธ€ๆฐดๅกฉ
่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  84.0 120.0 ็ก้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  ฮ .5 25.0 ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ท้…ข้…ธ 63.0 90.0 ้…ข้…ธ 33.2 47.4
.ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 1.0 ยฃ
P H ใ€”ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ขๆฐดใง่ชฟๆ•ดใ€• 3.20 2.80
(ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒๆฏๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ไธŠ่จ˜ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒๆฏๆถฒใจไธ‹่จ˜ๅฎš็€ๆถฒๆฏๆถฒใฎ 15ๅฏพ 85ใฎๆททๅˆๆถฒ
(ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ไบœ็กซ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ  19.0 57.0
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  280J??ยฃ 840ฮ›ฮ–ยฃ
ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ๏ผˆ700g/ ๏ผ‰
ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค 1.32 ใƒขใƒซ 3, 9Tใƒขใƒซ ใ‚ฃ ใƒŸ ใƒ€ใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ 28.5 85.5
ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ 12.5 37.5
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ 1.0 ฮฏ P H 7.40 ใซ 4 ci
ใ€”ใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚กๆฐดใ€ ้…ข้…ธใง่ชฟๆ•ดใ€•
(ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐด๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒใ€ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒๅ…ฑ้€š
ๆฐด้“ๆฐดใ‚’ Hๅž‹ๅผท้…ธๆ€งใ‚ซ ใƒใ‚ฉ ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆจน่„‚ ๏ผˆๅฃไธ€ใƒ ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ‰ใƒใƒผใ‚น ็คพ่ฃฝใ‚ข ใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฉ ใ‚ค ใƒˆ I Rโ€” 120B) ใจใ€ O Hๅž‹ๅผทๅกฉๅŸบๆ€งใ‚กใƒ‹ใ‚ช ใƒณ ไบคๆ›ๆจน่„‚ ๏ผˆๅŒใ‚ข ใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฉ ใ‚ค ใƒˆ I R A - 400)ใ‚’ๅ……ๅกซใ—ใŸๆททๅบŠๅผๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒ ใซ้€šๆฐดใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒซใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ๅŠใณใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใƒณๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ 3 mg Zยฃไปฅไธ‹ใซๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใ€ ็ถšใ„ใฆไบŒๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŒไธ€ใƒซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  20mg// iใจ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  150mg / ฮฏใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆถฒใฎ ฯ ฮฏฮ ฮฏ6.5 -7.5 ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
(ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆถฒ๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒใ€ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒๅ…ฑ้€š ๏ผˆๅ˜ไฝ ๏ผ‰ ใƒ›ใƒซใƒž ใƒช ใƒณ ๏ผˆ37%) 2.0
ใƒใƒช ใ‚ชใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณไธ€ P โ€” 0.3
ใƒขใƒŽ ใƒŽ ไบŒใƒŽใƒฌใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚จ ไธ€ ใƒ†ใ‚พใƒฌ
ใ€”ๅนณๅ‡้‡ๅˆๅบฆ 10ใ€•
ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ 0.05
ใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉ
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ
P H 5.0-8.0 ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็”จ่ฉฆๆ–™ใจๅŒใ˜่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ ็”จใ„ๅฎš็€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 40็ง’ใ€ 45็ง’ใจๅค‰ใˆใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่›ๅ…‰ X็ทšๅˆ†ๆŠ˜่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ ใฆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใƒฉ ใƒณใƒฆใƒณใ‚ฐ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ 60ใฆ ๆนฟๅบฆ 70%ใฎใ‚ต โ€”ใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใŒ 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใฎๆœ€ๅฐ ๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dmin)ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€ ( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใงใŠใไปฃใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจโ€” 2ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 2 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใŒ่‰ฏ ใ ใ€ ใ‹ใคๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใงใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจโ€” 2
Figure imgf000109_0001
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 4
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 ยฉๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 3ใ€ Aโ€” 4 ใ€ A - 5 ใ€ Aโ€” 7ใ€ Aโ€” 8 ใ€ A - 9ใ€ Aโ€” 12ใ€ Aโ€” 13ใ€ A - 1 4ใ€ Aโ€” 1 7ใ€ Aโ€” 18ใ€ Aโ€” 20ใ€ Aโ€” 22ใ€ Aโ€” 24ใ€ A - 29 , Aโ€” 30ใ€ Aโ€” 31ใ€ Aโ€” 39ใ€ Aโ€” 43ใ€ Aโ€” 45ใ€ Aโ€” 52ใพใŸใฏ Aโ€” 54ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œไปฃใˆ ใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใคใŸใ€‚
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 ใจๅŒๆง˜ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ็”ปๅƒ ไฟๅญ˜ๆ€ง ๏ผˆๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒข ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€ง ๏ผˆๅฎš็€ๆ€ง๏ผ‰ ใซๅ„ชใ‚Œ ใŸ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5
ใƒใƒช ใƒฑใƒใƒฌใƒณใงไธก้ขใƒฉ ใƒŸใƒใƒผ ใƒˆ ใ—ใŸ็ด™ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใฎไธŠใซไปฅไธ‹ใซ็คบ ใ™ๅฑคๆง‹ๆˆใฎๅคšๅฑคๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ใ‚’ไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใฏไธ‹่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ—ใฆ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚
็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑคๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ใ‚คใ‚งใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ e X Y ) 19.1g ใŠใ‚ˆใณ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d - 1 ) 4.4gๅŠใณ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” 7 ) 0.7gใซ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ 27.2ccใŠใ‚ˆใณๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ s 0 1 V โ€” 1 ) 8.2gใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆๆบถ่งฃใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆบถ ๆถฒใ‚’ 10 % ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  8 ccใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ 10 %ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ 185ccใซไนณๅŒ–ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ•ใ›ใŸใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค (็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 0.88ๅฟใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจ 0.70ๅฟใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฎ 3 ๏ผš 7ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ้Š€ใƒขใƒซๆฏ”๏ผ‰ ใ€‚ ็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บๅˆ†ๅธƒใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐใฏ 0.08ใจ 0.10ใ€ ๅ„ไนณๅ‰คใจใ‚‚่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ 0. 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ‚’็ฒ’ๅญ่กจ้ขใซๅฑ€ๅœจ่ˆๆœ‰๏ผ‰ ใซ ไธ‹่จ˜ใซ็คบใ™้’ๆ„Ÿๆ€งๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚’้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ 2. 0 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซๅŠ ใˆใ€ ใพใŸๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพ ใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ 2. 5 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซๅŠ ใˆใŸๅพŒใซ็กซ้ป„ๅขžๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆ–ฝใ—ใŸ ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‰่จ˜ใฎไนณๅŒ–ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ็‰ฉใจใ“ ยฉไนณๅ‰คใจใ‚’ๆททๅˆๆบถ่งฃใ—ใ€ ไปฅไธ‹ใซ็คบใ™็ต„ๆˆใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ฌฌไธ€ๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใ‚’่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚
็ฌฌไบŒๅฑคใ‹ใ‚‰็ฌฌไธƒๅฑค็”จใฎๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใ‚‚็ฌฌ ๅฑคๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ„ๅฑคใฎใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ็กฌๅŒ–ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ 1 - ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ทไธ€ 3, 5 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญๅฃไธ€ s โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒณใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ๅกฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚
ๅ„ๅฑคใฎๅˆ†ๅ…‰ๅขžๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใจใ—ใฆไธ‹่จ˜ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚ ้’ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค
Figure imgf000111_0001
ใƒฝ.
i l ฮ˜ CH
ใƒŽ .
ใ€N'
(
Figure imgf000111_0002
(ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซ 3 ๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏๅ„ใ€… 2. 0 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซใ€ ใพใŸๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏๅ„ใ€… 2. 5 >: 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ‰
็ท‘ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค
Figure imgf000111_0003
(ใƒŽใ€ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒข ใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏ 4 . 0 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซใ€ ๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ฃ ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏ 5. 6 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ r ใ€'
Figure imgf000112_0001
H S03 ฮฒ S03H ยท N (C2H5)
(ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏ 7. 0 X c
/ H
10โ€” 5ใƒขใƒซใ€ ใพใŸๅฐใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏ 1. 0 X 10โ€” 5ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ‰ ่ตคๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค
H3C /S - CH:
CH CH
ใ‚นใ€ ยพ ' ไบบ
C2zHn I ฮฒ C5H,
(ใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๅคงใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏ 0.9 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซใ€ ใพใŸๅฐใ‚ตใ‚ฃ ใ‚บไนณๅ‰คใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏ 1. 1 X 10- 4ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ‰ ่ตคๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซ ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š 2. 6 X 10_3ใƒขใƒซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธ€ ใ€ ^ ^ =
Figure imgf000112_0002
'ใ€ฮ† ใพใŸ้’ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ€ ็ท‘ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใ€ ่ตคๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ๅฏพใ—ใ€ 1 โ€• ( 5 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ฅ ใƒฌใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 5 โ€” ใƒก ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ซ ใƒ•' ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใ‚พ ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š 8. 5 X 10 - 5ใƒขใƒซใ€ 7. 7 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซใ€ 2. 5 X 10- 4ใƒขใƒซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ้’ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใจ็ท‘ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใซๅฏพใ—ใ€ 4 ใƒผ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ท โ€” 6 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 1, 3, 3 a: 7 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณใ‚’ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใ€ 1 X 10- 4ใƒขใƒซใจ 2 X 10โ€” 4ใƒขใƒซใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ  ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ‚ฃ ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ้˜ฒ sๆญขใฎใŸใ‚ใซไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใซไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๆŸ“ๆ–™ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—
o
N
Figure imgf000113_0001
s
o
ใŠใ‚ˆใณ N
a
H0(CH2) zNHOC C0NH(CHz) 20H
Figure imgf000113_0002
CH2 CH; r ๏ผšใ€
(ๅฑคๆง‹ๆˆ๏ผ‰
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๅ„ๅฑคใฎ็ต„ๆˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฏๅก—ๅธƒ้‡ ๏ผˆ g Zm2) ใ‚’่กจใ™ ใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฏ้Š€ๆ›็ฎ—ๅก—ๅธƒ้‡ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚
ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“
ใƒใƒช ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใƒฉ ใƒŸ ใƒใƒผ ใƒˆ็ด™
ใ€”็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑคๅดใฎใƒใƒช ใƒฑใƒใƒฌใƒณ็™ฝ่‰ฒ้ก”ๆ–™ ๏ผˆไธ i 02)ใจ้’ๅ‘ณๆŸ“ๆ–™ (็พค้’๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€• ll2
็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑค ๏ผˆ้’ๆ„Ÿๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅ‰่จ˜ๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค 0.30
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 1.86
ใ‚ค ใ‚ง ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ e x Y ) 0.82
่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” I ) 0.19
ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ s 0 I V โ€” I ) 0.35
่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d 7 ) 0.06
็ฌฌไบŒๅฑค ๏ผˆๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 0,99
ๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” 5 ) 0.08
ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ s 0 I V โ€” I ) 0.16
" ( s 0 I V - 4 ) 0.08
็ฌฌไธ‰ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ถ ๆ„Ÿๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 0.55 ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ€
0.39ๅฟใฎใ‚‚ใฎ ใจใฎ I ๏ผš 3ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆA gใƒขใƒซๆฏ”๏ผ‰ ใ€‚ ็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ฃ
ใ‚บๅˆ†ๅธƒใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐใฏ 0.10ใจ 0.08ใ€ ๅ„ไนณๅ‰คใจใ‚‚ A g B r 0.8
ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ‚’็ฒ’ๅญ่กจ้ขใซๅฑ€ๅœจ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ›ใŸ๏ผ‰ 0. 12
ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.24
ใƒžใ‚ผ ใƒณใ‚ฟ ใ‚ซ ใƒ•'ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ e X M ) 0.20
่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” 2 ) 0.03
่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d - 3 ) 0.15
่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” 4 ) 0.02
่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” 9 ) 0.02 โ–  ๆบถๅช’ ( s 0 1 V - 2 ) 0.40
็ฌฌๅ››ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅฑค๏ผ‰ ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.58 ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ u V - 1 ) 0.47 ๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d - 5 ) 0.05 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ s 0 1 V _ 5 ) 0.24 ็ฌฌไบ”ๅฑค ๏ผˆ่ตคๆ„Ÿๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€ ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 0.58ๅฟใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใ€ 0.45/anใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจใฎ 1 ๏ผš 4ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A g ใƒขใƒซๆฏ” ) ใ€‚ ็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ฃ ใ‚บๅˆ†ๅธƒใฎๅค‰ๅ‹•ไฟ‚ๆ•ฐใฏ 0.90ใจ 0.11ใ€ ๅ„ไนณๅ‰คใจ ใ‚‚ A g B r 0.6 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ‚’็ฒ’ๅญ่กจ้ขใฎไธ€้ƒจใซๅฑ€ๅœจใ•ใ›ใŸ๏ผ‰ 0.23 ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.34 ใƒžใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ e x C ) 0.32 ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d - 6 ) 0.17 ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d โ€” 7 ) 0.40 ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d - 8 ) 0.04 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ s 0 1 V - 6 ) 0.15 ็ฌฌๅ…ญๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ ไธ€ 0.53 ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ u Vโ€” 1 ) 0.16 ๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ c p d - 5 ) ' 0.02 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ s 0 1 V โ€” 5 ) ' 0.08 ็ฌฌไธƒๅฑค ๏ผˆไฟ่ญทๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.33 ใƒœใƒช ใƒ’"ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซใฎใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซๅค‰ๆ€งๅ…ฑ้‡ๅˆไฝ“
(ๅค‰ๆ€งๅบฆ 17% ) 0.17 ๆตๅ‹•ใƒ‘ใƒฉ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒณ 0.03 ( e x Y ) ใ‚ค ใ‚งใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ
CH
CH3-C-CO-CH-CO H O๏ผ› C5H! ! (t)
-ใ€ใ€
๏ผ ๏ผ› '"ใ€
CH3 R ใ€ NHCOCHO C5H, ! (t)
C2H:
ใƒฝ z 1ใ€ใ€ใ‚.
c / i
, H
R = 3
Figure imgf000116_0001
'(ใ€‡๏ผ›- CH;
CH:
ใจใฎ 1 : 1 ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆใƒขใƒซๆฏ”๏ผ‰
( e x M ) ใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผ
CH3 Cf
ใ€NH
Figure imgf000116_0002
ใจ CH; Cยฃ
ใ€NH
0CHzCH20C6H, 3
A CHCHzNHSOz
ไบŒ / CH: C8H1 7 (t) ใฎ 1 : 1 ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆใƒขใƒซๆฏ”๏ผ‰ ( e x C- ) ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ
1
5
OH C5H, , (t)
10 Cยฃ NHCOCHO -ใใ€‡'ใ€;'- C5H, , (t)
CH:
R = CZH5 ใจ C4H,
ใจ
Figure imgf000117_0001
116
( c p d โ€” 2 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
0
OCOd 6H33 (t)
Cf ^ไธซ' Cf
ใƒชใƒช
COOCzH:
( c p d 3 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
CH; CH:
C3H70ใƒฝ'
Figure imgf000118_0001
0 C3H70 ใƒŽ
ใ€-- ใ€0C3H'
Cn 3 C ฯ€ 3
( c ฯ d - 4 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
SOzNa
C5H, , (t)
"
Figure imgf000118_0002
11'
( c p d - 6 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
OH
Figure imgf000119_0001
ใƒŽใ€
C4 H 9 (t)
Figure imgf000119_0002
ใฎ 2 : 4 : 4ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ้‡้‡ๆฏ”๏ผ‰
( c p d - 7 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
~-CH2-CH)nrโ€”
C0M1C4 H 9 (t)
ๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 60๏ผŒ 000
( c p d - 8 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
0H
ไธซ C , 6 H 3 3 (n)
'
0H ( c p d - 9 ) ่‰ฒๅƒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰ค
CH3 CH3
OH CH OH
CH3 ^ - ^ - CH ใ— CH3
ใƒช๏ผŒ
CH: CH:
( u v - 1 ) ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค
ใ€ ,
C5H, , (t) ใธ.
lใ€ ใƒŽ
Figure imgf000120_0001
OH
ใ€^^ Kใ€
๏ผ› N C4Hq (sec) ใ‚นใ€ ii, j
Figure imgf000120_0002
ใฎ 4 : 2 : 4ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ้‡้‡ๆฏ”๏ผ‰ 5
119
( s o 1 v - 1 ) ๆบถ ๅช’ ใƒŽ C00C4 H 9
ใ—
Figure imgf000121_0001
( s 0 1 V - 2 ) ๆบถ ๅช’ c o
0 o ใจ
Figure imgf000121_0002
/ใ€
H
โ–  \ใƒŽ
CH 0 0 = ฮก โ€” -O v ใฎ 2 ๏ผš 1ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆๅฎน้‡ๆฏ”๏ผ‰
( s 0 1 V - 4 ๆบถ ๅช’
H:
Figure imgf000121_0003
ใ„ ฮฟ 1 ฮฝ โ€” ฮด ) ๅช’
COOCBH I 7
I
(CHZ) 8 0 COOCeH ! 7
( s 0 1 v _ 6 ) ๆบถ ๅช’ z
ฮฏฮธ
COO -'ใ€ H ; ไธŠ่จ˜ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‡ฆ็†ๆฉŸใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹ใซใฆๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ใฎใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ใฎ 2ๅ€่ฃœๅ……ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ ้€ฃ็ถš ๅ‡ฆ็† ๏ผˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ†ใ‚น ใƒˆ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
ilๅทฅ็จ‹ flm ๆ™‚ ้–“ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน ยซ ๅŠ› ใƒฉไธ€็พๅƒ 35ใฆ 45 ็ง’ 109 17 ยฃ ๆผ‚ๆณŠๅฎš็€ 35ใฆ 45 ็ง’ 61 17 ยฃ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘  35 30 ็ง’ 10 ยฃ. ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ก 35 ฮ 30 ็ง’ 10 ยฃ ใƒช ใƒณ ใ‚นโ‘ก 35 30 ็ง’ 300
ใ€‚ 80 ฮ 60 ็ง’
* ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1 m2ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š
* ๆผ‚ๆณŠๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซใฏๆผ‚ๆณŠๅฎš็€่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒๅŠใณใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ ๆถฒ๏ผˆ121 ) ่ฃœๅ……ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
* (ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ขโ€”โ‘ ใธใฎ 3 ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผ
ๅ„ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎ็ต„ๆˆใฏไปฅไธ‹ใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
2
5 ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผ็พๅƒๆถฒ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๆถฒ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ๆฐด 800mยฃ 800 ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณไธ€ I\- , N , N , - ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒก ใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ 3.0g 3.0g ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚จ ใ‚ฟ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ 5.0g 5.0g ๅกฉๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  3.1g
่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  0.015g
็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  25g '
ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒฉ ใ‚ธใƒŽ ใƒ‹้ฝš้…ธ 5.0g 7.0g Nโ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒŽใƒฌไธ€ Nโ€” ( 5 โ€”ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚น ใƒซ
ใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ‚จใƒใƒซ ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 3 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซ - O
โ€”ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚ขไบŒ ใƒช ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฒ D .0g 9.5g ๅธฆ *ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰‚ (WHITEX-4 ไฝๅ‹ๅŒ–ๅญฆ่ฃฝ๏ผ‰ l.Og 2.5g ใƒ• k ๅŠ ใ‡ใ‚ก 1000mยฃ lOOOiffi ฯ‹ ฮ— ( k ยงไป†ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใƒ  ๏ผ›^ๅŠ› ฯ€ใˆใฆ 10.05 10.60 ๆพคๆณŠๅฎš็›–ๆถฒ
ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๆถฒ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ๆฐด Al 600 150 ใƒใ‚ฉ ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  (70 t%) 245 ๅˆ\,ใฏ vcsๆœฌ็™ธ JH-*ๆ˜Ž JใฎๅŒ– 1 ๅˆ็‰ฉ 0.4ใƒขใƒŽใƒฌ 1.0ใƒข ใƒฌ ไบœ ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  45g 105g ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก s ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ( m )
ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  55g 135g ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ 3.0g 8. Og ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  30g iDg
- 27g
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ . 1 H 1 ยฃ p H " 5.80 5.60 ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นๆถฒ (ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๆถฒใจ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒใฏๅŒใ˜๏ผ‰
ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆฐด ๏ผˆใ‚ซใƒซใ‚ทใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ€ ใƒžใ‚ฐใƒ ใ‚ทใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅ„ใ€… 3 ppm ไปฅไธ‹๏ผ‰ ใƒฉ ใƒณไบŒใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ 60ใฆใƒŽๆนฟๅบฆ 70%ใฎใ‚ตไธ€ ใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใฎๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒ ๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dmin)ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟในใŸใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ่› ๅ…‰ X็ทšๅˆ†ๅœป่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅˆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€ ( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใง็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใคใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 3ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 3 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€ง ใ‚‚่‰ฏใใ€ ใ‹ใคๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใงใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ต ๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 3
iๅฎš ็€ ๅ‰ค ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผ ๅ‚™ ่€ƒ ใƒณใ‚ฟๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–
๏ผ ( ฮ” D m i n )
\ ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธ 0.4 -0.03 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹
๏ผš ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ 
1ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 1 .4 ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž
๏ผ› ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใ‚ฌ
A - 2 0.4 ไบŒ 0
๏ผ› ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 6 0.3 =
๏ผš ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 1.4 -0.04 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผ› ( A )
๏ผš ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ I- รท0.05
๏ผ› ( B )
๏ผ› ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 1.3 - -0.04
๏ผš ( C )
๏ผ ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ' ฯ„ฮธ.04
๏ผš ( D )
๏ผ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 6
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 3ใ€ Aโ€” 5ใ€ A - 7 ใ€ Aโ€” 9 ใพใŸใฏ Aโ€”13ใซใใใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒ ใค />- ใใฎ็ตๆžœๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5 ใจๅŒๆง˜ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 7
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5 ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใซๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸๅพŒ ใ€ ใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‡ฆ ็†ๆฉŸใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹ใซใฆๆผ‚ๆณŠๅฎš็€ๆตดใฎใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ใฎ 2 ๅ€่ฃœๅ……ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใง้€ฃ็ถšๅ‡ฆ็† ( ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ†ใ‚น ใƒˆ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃ ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‡ฆ ฮฏ!ๅทฅ็จ‹ ๆธฉ ๅบฆ ๆ™‚ ้–“ ๆ•ๅ……่ฉˆ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ ๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผ็พๅƒ 39 ใฆ 45 ็ง’ 70 i 20 ฮฏ ๆผ‚ๆณŠๅฎš็€ 35 ใฆ 45 ็ง’ 60 id 20 ยฃ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘  35 ใฆ 20 ็ง’ โ€”โ€” 10 ฮฏ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ก 35 ใฆ 20 ็ง’ โ€”โ€” 10 ฮฏ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ข 35 ใฆ 20 ็ง’ 360 i 10 ฮฏ ไนพ ็‡ฅ 80 ใฆ 60 ็ง’
(* ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1 mzๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡๏ผ‰
(ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ขโ€”โ‘ ใธใฎ 3 ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผใจใ—ใŸ๏ผ‰
( *ไธŠ่จ˜ 60 ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1 mzๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š 120 miใ‚’ๆตใ—่พผใ‚“ใ ๏ผ‰
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎ็ต„ๆˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผ็พๅƒๆถฒ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๆถฒ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ๆฐด 700 700 ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณไบ”้…ข้…ธ 0.4g 0.4g
N , N , Nโ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใ‚ญใ‚น
(ใƒก ใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ๏ผ‰ 4.0g 4.0g 1 , 2 โ€” ใ‚ธ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ™ ใƒณใ‚ผ ใƒณไธ€
4, 6 โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ 2 - 1
ฮด
124
ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉ 0.5g 0,5g ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚จใ‚ฟ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ 12. Og 12.0g ๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  6.5g
่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  0.03g
็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  27. Og 27.0g ่›ๅ…‰ๅข—็™ฝๅ‰ค๏ผˆKHITEX 4B ไฝๅ‹ๅŒ–ๅญฆ่ฃฝ๏ผ‰ l.Og 3.0g ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  O.lg O.lg N , Nโ€” ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซ๏ผ‰
ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณ 10. Og 13. Og
10 Nโ€” ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ Nโ€” ๏ผˆ ไธ€ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณ
ใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ‚งใƒใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 3 โ€”
ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 โ€”ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚ขไบŒ ใƒช ใƒณ
็กซ้…ธๅกฉ 5^ฮธ _ 11.5g_ ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1000 1000 P H (25ใฆ๏ผ‰ 10.10 11.10 ๆผ‚ๆณŠๅฎš็€'ๆถฒ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๆถฒ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ๆฐด 600 mi 150 ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๏ผˆ700/ ฮฏ ) 100 id 250 ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 0.47ใƒขใƒซ 1.2ใƒขใƒซ
20 ไบœ็กซ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  40g lOOg ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้†‰้…ธ้‰„
(I) ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  55g 135g ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ 5g 12.5g ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  40g .'og
25 ็ก้…ธ๏ผˆ67 ) 30g 65g_ ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1000ฮ›?ยฃ 1000
P H (25*C) (้…ข้…ธๅŠใณ 5.8 5.6 ใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒฆใ‚ขๆฐดใซใฆ๏ผ‰
ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นๆถฒ (ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๆถฒใจ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒใฏๅŒใ˜๏ผ‰
ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆฐด ๏ผˆใ‚ซใƒซใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ใ€ ใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฆใƒ ๅ„ใ€… 3 ppm ไปฅไธ‹๏ผ‰ ใƒฉ ใƒณไบŒใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ 60ใฆใƒŽๆนฟๅบฆ 70%ใฎใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅๆ„Ÿไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใฎๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒ ๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dmin)ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟในใŸใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ ่› ๅ…‰ X็ทšๅˆ†ๆŠ˜่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€
( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใง็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใคใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 4 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 4 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€ง ใ‚‚่‰ฏใใ€ ใ‹ใคๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใงใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ต ๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 8
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 7 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 3ใ€ Aโ€” 5ใ€ Aโ€” ใƒž ใ€ A - 9ใ€ Aโ€” 12ใ€ Aโ€” 14ใ€ A - 18ใ€ Aโ€” 22ใ€ Aโ€”29ใ€ Aโ€” 30ใ€ Aโ€” 43ใพใŸใฏ A - 52ใซใใใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ ฮŠ ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒ ใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใฎ็ตๆžœๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 7 ใจๅŒๆง˜ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ฮด 5
126
่กจไธ€ 4
0
Figure imgf000128_0001
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 9
ไนณๅ‰คใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ๆฐด 1 ไธญใซใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 30 gใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  6 gใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆ 60ใฆใซไฟ ใคใŸๅฎนๅ™จไธญใซๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰็ก้…ธ้Š€ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ ๏ผˆ็ก้…ธ้Š€ใจใ—ใฆ 5 g ) ใจๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  0.15 gใ‚’่ˆใ‚€่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ 1ๅˆ†ๅ•ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ0 ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ธใƒฅ ใƒƒ ใƒˆๆณ•ใงๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซ็ก้…ธ้Š€ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ ๏ผˆ็ก้…ธ้Š€ใจ ใ—ใฆ 145g) ใจๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช 4.2gใ‚’่ˆใ‚€่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒชๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ธใ‚ง ใƒƒ ใƒˆๆณ•ใงๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ใฎๆทปๅŠ ๆต้€Ÿใฏใ€ ๆทปๅŠ ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๆต้€ŸใŒ ๆทปๅŠ ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚ใฎ 5ๅ€ใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆต้‡ๅŠ ้€Ÿใ‚’ใŠใ“ใชใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆทปๅŠ ็ต‚ ไบ†ๅพŒใ€ ๆฒˆ้™ๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š 35ใฆใซใฆๅฏๆบถๆ€งๅกฉ้กžใ‚’้™คๅŽปใ—ใŸใฎใก 40ใฆใซ ๆ˜‡ๆธฉใ—ใฆใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ "75 gใ‚’่ฟฝๆทปใ—ใ€ P H6.7ใซ่ชฟๆ•ดใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใŸไนณๅ‰คใฏๆŠ•ๅฝฑ้ข็ฉ็›ดๅพ„ใŒ 0. 98ๅฟใ€ ๅนณๅ‡ๅŽšใฟ 0. 138ๅฟใฎๅนณๆฟ็Šถ็ฒ’ ๅญใงใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€่ˆ้‡ใฏ 3 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎไนณๅ‰คใซใ€ ้‡‘ใ€ ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใ‚ฅๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฝต็”จใ—ใฆๅŒ–ๅญฆๅขžๆ„Ÿใ‚’ใปใฉใ“ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
่€ณ็œŸๆๆ–™ใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑค ใจ ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณใฎไป–ใซๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 8000ใฎใƒœ ใƒช ใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€ ใƒ ใƒช ใ‚นใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ฝไธ€ใƒ€ใ€ ใƒ ใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒŽใƒฌใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅพฎ็ฒ’ๅญ๏ผˆ ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 3. 0ๅฟ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒœ ใƒช ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใชใฉใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’็”จ ใ„ใŸใ€‚
ไธŠ่จ˜ไนณๅ‰คใซๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ก ใƒณใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒผ 5 , 5 ' โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒญใƒผ 9 ใƒผๅทฅใƒใƒŽใƒฌไธ€ 3 , 3 ' โ€”ใ‚ธ ๏ผˆ 3 โ€” ใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฉ ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ’ใƒŽใƒฌ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ซใƒซ ใƒœใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒณใƒ ใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉใ‚’ 500mg ใƒŽ 1 ใƒขใƒซ A gใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆใงใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒชใ‚’ 200mg / 1 ใƒขใƒซ A gใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆใงๆทปๅŠ ใ— ใŸใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ 4 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 6 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 1 , 3 , 3 a , 7 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ ใƒณ ใจ 2 , 6 ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๏ผ‰ โ€• 4 ใƒผ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ไธ€ : L 3 , 5 -- ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใ‚ธ ใƒณใŠใ‚ˆใณไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒญ ใƒณใ€ ไนพ็‡ฅๅŠ› ใƒ– ใƒช้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒญใƒผ ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ ๅก—ๅธƒๅŠฉๅ‰คใ€ ็กฌ่†œๅŠฉๅ‰คใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใจใ—ใ€ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใƒ† ใƒฌใƒ• ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใฎไธกๅดใซๅ„ใ€…่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅก—ๅธƒไนพ็‡ฅใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆ ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ†™็œŸๆๆ–™ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸๆๆ–™ใฎๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใฏ็‰‡้ขใ‚ใŸ ใ‚Š 2 g / m 2ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใพใŸๅ‰่จ˜ๅฎš็พฉใซๅพ“ใ†่†จๆฝค็Ž‡ใฏ 180 %ใงใ‚ใค ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎๆ„Ÿๆใ‚’ 50 %ใ ใ‘ X็ทš้œฒๅ…‰ใ—ใ€ ไปฅไธ‹ใซ็คบใ™็พๅƒๆถฒใ€ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ ๅŠใณๆฐดๆด—ๆถฒๅ‡ฆๆ–นใงๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹
ๅทฅ็จ‹ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ ็พๅƒ 13.7็ง’ 35'C 20 (+ๅธŒ้‡ˆๆถฒ 15 ยฃ ๅฎš็€ 12.5็ง’ 32'C 10 (+ๅธŒ้‡ˆๆถฒ 30mยฃ) 15 ยฃ ๆฐดๆด— 6.2็ง’ 20ใฆ 500me 10ยฃ ใ‚น ใ‚ฏ ใ‚ค ใ‚บใƒญใƒผใƒฉใƒผๆด—ๆต„ๆงฝ 200
* ่ฃœๅ……้‡๏ผš ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ๅ››ๅˆ‡ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ ๏ผˆ10ใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ X12ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใƒ๏ผ‰
1ๆžšๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ้‡
(็พๅƒๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  24 60 ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  40 100 ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  50 125 ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ
ไบ”้†‰้…ธ 2.4 6 ใƒ› ใ‚ฆ้…ธ 10 25 ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ๅฃ ใ‚ญ ใƒŽ ใƒณ 35 87.5 ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ 11.2 28
4 ใƒผ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒก ใƒใƒซ
ไธ€ 4 ใƒผ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 1 โ€”ใƒ• ใ‚จไบŒใƒซ
โ€” 3 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉ ใ‚พ ใƒช ใƒ‰ ใƒณ 0 6.25
5 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พใƒผใƒซ 0.06 0.15
P H 10.05 11.00 (ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚กใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ  140 560 ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 1 ใƒขใƒซ 4 ใƒขใƒซ ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  15 60 ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ
ใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  . ไบŒๆฐดๅกฉ 0.025 0.1 ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  6 24 P H 5.0 5.10 (ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ)
ๆฏๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ๏ผˆg) ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ 0.5 0.5 ใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  * ไบŒๆฐดๅกฉ
ไธ€ๆ—ฅใซๅ››ๅˆ‡ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ 50ๆžš ๏ผˆ 1 ๆžšใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใฎ็พๅƒ็Ž‡ 40%) ใฎใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎ็ดฏ็ฉ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใŒๆฏๆถฒใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ใฎ 3ๅ€้‡ ใซใชใ‚‹ ใพใง็ถ™็ถšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆ„ŸๆใŒใ€ ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎๅพช็’ฐๆ”ชๆ‹Œๆถฒ้‡ใ‚’ 20 ใถ /ๅˆ†ใซใ€ ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅพ…ๆฉŸๆ™‚ใฏ 6 ใƒŽๅˆ†ใซ่จญๅฎšใ—ใŸ, ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็”จ่ฉฆๆ–™ใจๅŒใ˜่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ ็”จใ„ๅฎš็€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 10.5็ง’ใ€ 11.5ใจ็Ÿญใ ใ—ใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่›ๅ…‰ X็ทšๅˆ†ๆŠ˜่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ ใฆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ 60ใฆใƒŽ70%ๆนฟๅบฆใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟ ๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dmin)ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€ ( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใงใŠใใ‹ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฆ ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Bใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 5 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 5 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใงใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใ‹ใค่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กทใƒผ 5
Figure imgf000132_0001
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 10
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 9 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 3 ใ€ A 5 ใ€ Aโ€” 7 ใ€ A - 9ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ Aโ€” 14ใซใใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 9 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ ่กŒใช
็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 9 ใจๅŒใ˜ ใ ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒข ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งๅ…ฑใซ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 11
( 1 ) ๅนณๆฟ็Šถ็ฒ’ๅญใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ไนณๅ‰คใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ๆฐด 1 ฮฏไธญใซ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  5 gใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  0.05g ใ€ ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 30g ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉใ‚งไธ€ใƒ†ใƒซ H0(CH2) 2S(CH2) 2S(CH2) 20Hใฎ 5 %ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ 2.5cc ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ— 73'CใซไฟใฃใŸๆบถๆถฒไธญใธใ€ ๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰็ก้…ธ้Š€ 8.33g ใฎๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใจใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  5.94g ใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  0.726g ใ‚’่ˆใ‚€ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใจใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ธใ‚ง ใƒƒ ใƒˆๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š 45็ง’้–“ใงๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ถšใ„ใฆ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  2.5gใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใฎใกใ€ ็ก้…ธ้Š€ 8.33g ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ 26ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆทปๅŠ ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๆต้‡ใŒๆทปๅŠ ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚ใฎ 2ๅ€ใจ ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ† ใซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ ใฎใ‚ใจ 25%ใฎใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ขๆบถๆถฒ 20ccใ€ 50% N H 4 N 0 a lOcc. ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆ 20ๅˆ†้–“็‰ฉ็†็†Ÿๆˆใ—ใŸใฎใก 1 Nใฎ็กซ้…ธ 240ccใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ— ใฆไธญๅ’Œใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ„ใฆ็ก้…ธ้Š€ 153.34 g ใฎๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใจ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ๅŽถใฎๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ใ€ ้›ปไฝใ‚’ P A g 8. 2 ใซไฟใกใชใŒใ‚‰ใ‚ณ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒญใƒผใƒซ ใƒ‰ - ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ธ ใƒƒ ใƒˆๆณ•ใง 40ๅˆ†้–“ใงๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ใฎๆต้‡ใฏๆทปๅŠ  ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใฎๆต้‡ใ‹ใคใ€ ๆทปๅŠ ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚ใฎๆต้‡ใฎ 9ๅ€ใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ ใ† ใซๅŠ ้€Ÿ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆทปๅŠ ็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒ 2 Nใฎใƒใ‚ช ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๆบถๆถฒ 15ccใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ€ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซ 1 %ใฎๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ 25ccใ‚’ 30็ง’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎใ‚ใจๆธฉๅบฆใ‚’ 35ใฆใซไธ‹ใ’ใ€ ๆฒˆ้™ๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฏๆบถๆ€งๅกฉ้กžใ‚’้™คใพใ— ใŸใฎใกใ€ 40ใฆใซๆ˜‡ๆธฉใ—ใฆใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ 30 g ใจใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ 2 g ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ  ใ—ใ€ ่‹›ๆ€งใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ€ใจ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š P H 6,40ใ€ P A g 8.10 ใซ่ชฟๆ•ดใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆธฉๅบฆใ‚’ 56ใฆใซๆ˜‡ๆธฉใ—ใŸใฎใกใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ๆง‹้€ ใฎๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด  600mgใจๅฎ‰ ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅ‰ค I50mgใจใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ 10ๅˆ†ๅพŒใซใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๆฐดๅ’Œ ็‰ฉ 2.4mg ใ€ ใƒใ‚ฉ ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  140mg ใ€ ๅกฉๅŒ–้‡‘้…ธ 2.1mg ใ‚’ๅ„ ใ€…ใฎไนณๅ‰คใซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใ€ 80ๅˆ†ๅพŒใซๆ€ฅๅ†ทใ—ใฆๅ›บๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใฆไนณๅ‰คใจใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸไนณๅ‰คใฏๅ…จ็ฒ’ๅญใฎๆŠ•ๅฝฑ้ข็ฉใฎ็ทๅ’Œใฎ 98%ใŒใ‚กใ‚นใบใ‚ฏ ใƒˆๆฏ” 3ไปฅไธŠใฎ็ฒ’ๅญใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚กใ‚นใบใ‚ฏ ใƒˆๆฏ” 2ไปฅไธŠใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ็ฒ’ๅญใซ ใคใ„ใฆใฎๅนณๅ‡ๆŠ•ๅฝฑ้ข็ฉ็›ดๅพ„ 1.4 ใ€ ๆจ™ๆบ–ๅๅทฎ 22%ใ€ ๅŽšใฟใฎๅนณๅ‡ ใฏ 0.187 ใงใ‚กใ‚นใบใ‚ฏ ใƒˆๆฏ”ใฏ "7.5ใฆใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
ๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด 
Figure imgf000134_0001
ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅ‰ค
,N ใƒฝ ไธซ CH3 ไธ€
ยท๏ผŒฮ
OH "
l.ๅ‰‚ๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ไนณๅ‰คใซใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎ่–ฌๅ“ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅก— ๅธƒๆถฒใจใ—ใŸใ€‚
' ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ A gใƒŽ ๏ผˆใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณๅใƒใƒช ใƒžใƒผ๏ผ‰ ๆฏ” ๏ผˆ้‡้‡๏ผ‰
1.10ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ด ' ๆฐดๆบถๆ€งใƒ ใƒช ใ‚จใ‚นใƒ†ใƒซ 20% ( w t %ๅฏพใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ๏ผ‰
- ใƒ ใƒชใƒžไธ€ใƒฉ ใƒ† ใƒƒ ใ‚ฏ ใ‚น
(ใƒœ ใƒช ๏ผˆใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌ
ใƒผ ใƒˆ /ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ้…ธ๏ผ‰
=97/ 3 ) 25. Og
โ€ข ็กฌ่†œๆœ€
1 , 2 โ€” ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ ใƒ“ใƒฅใƒซ 8 ใƒŸ ใƒช ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคใฎไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ไบŒใƒซใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆ ใ‚ก ใฎใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 100gๅฝ“ใŸ ใ‚Š
ใƒŸ ใƒ‰๏ผ‰ ใ‚งใ‚ฟ ใƒณ
' ใƒ• ใƒฑ ใƒŽ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใ‚ฟ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ 2g
โ€ข 2, 6 โ€” ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ
ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 4 ไธ€
ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒผ 1๏ผŒ 3 ,
ไธ€ 5 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใ‚ธ ใƒณ 80mg
โ™ฆ ใƒœ " ใ‚ก ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ
ๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 4.1 ไธ‡๏ผ‰ 4.0g
โ€ข ใ‚นใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ
ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡
60ไธ‡๏ผ‰ l.Og
ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Aใฎไฝœ่ฃฝ
ๅ‰่จ˜ๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใ‚’่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅŽšใฟ ฮ 5/ฯ€ฮทใฎ้€ๆ˜Ž P E Tๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซๅก—ๅธƒใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใฏไธก้ขๅˆ่จˆใง 3.2g/m2ใจ ใ—ใŸ.
่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคใฏๅ„ๆˆๅˆ†ใŒใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๅก—ๅธƒ Bใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ† ใซ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸ ่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคใฎๅ†…ๅฎน ่ฆ ๅธƒ ๆ™• ' ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 1.15g m:
. ใƒ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 4.5 ไธ‡๏ผ‰ 0.25g/m; - ใƒœใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ฏ ใƒชใƒซ้…ธใ‚ฝไธ€ใƒ€ ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 40ไธ‡๏ผ‰ 0.02g/ra: . p โ€” t โ€”ใ‚ฉ ใ‚ฏ ใƒใƒซใƒ• ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ธใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ป ใƒช ใƒซ
ใƒ—ใƒใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณๅŒ–็‰ฉใฎใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉ 0.02g/m2
* ใƒœ ใƒช ๏ผˆ้‡ๅˆๅบฆ 10) ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ปใƒใƒซ
ใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใ‚พใƒฌ 0.035g/m2
โ€ข ใƒœ ใƒช ๏ผˆ้‡ๅˆๅบฆ 10) ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณไธ€ใƒ ใƒช
(้‡ๅˆๅบฆ 3 ) ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ฐ ใƒช ใ‚ป ใƒช ใƒซ p โ€”ใ‚ฉใ‚ฏ
ใƒใƒซใƒ• ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใƒผใ‚นใƒซ 0.01g/m2
. 2 โ€”ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒญใƒŽใƒฝใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณ 0.046g/m2
Figure imgf000136_0001
ฯ… 3 H 7
I
โ€ข C BF I 7S03 -{CHz-CHz0 ( CH2+4S03Na 0.001g/m2
C3H7
โ€ข C8F, 7S0 ZN-(CH2CH20 5H 0.003g/m; โ€ข ใƒ—ใƒญ ใ‚ญใ‚ปใƒซO. OOlg V - ใƒ ใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ
(ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅพ„ 3.5 im) 0.025g/m: ยท ใƒ ใƒช ๏ผˆใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ
/ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ ๏ผ‰
(ใƒขใƒซๆฏ” 7 ๏ผš 3ใ€ ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅพ„ 2.5 im) 0.020g/m2 ( 2 ) ใ˜ใ‚„ใŒ่Š‹็Šถ็ฒ’ๅญใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ไนณๅ‰คใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ๆฐด 900ccไธญใซใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 20 gใ€ ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  30 gใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ 3.9i gใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ€ 48ใฆใซไฟใฃใŸๅฎนๅ™จไธญใซๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰็ก้…ธ้Š€ใ‚’ๆฐดๆบถ ๆถฒใฎๅฝขใง 4ๅˆ†้–“ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ 35 gๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ‚กใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚กๆ€ง็ก้…ธ้Š€ ๏ผˆ็ก้…ธ้Š€ใจใ—ใฆ 165g) ใ‚’่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซ 5ๅˆ†้–“ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ธใƒฅ ใƒƒ ใƒˆๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅŒๆ™‚ ใซๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆทปๅŠ ็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใ€ ๆฒˆ้™ๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š 35'Cใซใฆๅฏๆบถๆ€งๅกฉ้กžใ‚’ ้™คใพใ—ใŸใฎใกใ€ 40ใฆใซๆ˜‡ๆธฉใ—ใฆใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 100gใ‚’่ฟฝๆทปใ— P Hใ‚’ 6. 7 ใซ่ชฟๆ•ดใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸไนณๅ‰คใฏใ€ ใ˜ใ‚„ใŒ่Š‹็Šถใฎๅฝข็Šถใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ„ใ€…ใฎ็ฒ’ๅญใจๅŒไธ€ไฝ“็ฉใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹็ƒใฎๅนณๅ‡็›ดๅพ„ใฏ 0.82ๅฟใงๆฒƒๅŒ–้Š€ ่ˆ้‡ใฏ 2 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ Oไนณๅ‰คใ‚’้‡‘ใ€ ใ‚ฃใ‚ฉใ‚ฅๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไฝต็”จใ— ใฆใ€ ๅŒ–ๅญฆๅข—ๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆ–ฝใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Bใฎไฝœ่ฃฝ
่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณใฎไป–ใซๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 8000ใƒใƒช ใ‚กใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€ ใƒœใƒช ใ‚นใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ฝไธ€ใƒ€ใ€ ใƒใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅพฎ็ฒ’ๅญ ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 3. 0 ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ใƒ ใƒช ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฉ ใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใŠใ‚ˆใณ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใชใฉใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚ ไธŠ่จ˜ไนณๅ‰คใซใใ‚Œใใ‚Œๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใจใ—ใฆใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒผ 5, 5 ' โ€”ใ‚ธ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒญใƒผ 9 โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ 3, 3 ' โ€”ใ‚ธ ๏ผˆใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ฉใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ต ใ‚ซ ใƒซใƒœใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒณใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใƒ‰ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉใ‚’ 500mg / 1 ใƒขใƒซ A g ใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆใงใ€ ๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใ‚’ 200mg ใƒŽ 1 ใƒขใƒซ A g ใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆ ใงๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅŒ–ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ 4 ใƒผ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทไธ€ 6 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 1, 3 , 3a, 7 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ ใƒณ ใจ 2, 6 โ€” ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๏ผ‰ โ€” 4 โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ โ€” 1 , 3 , 5 โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใ‚ธ ใƒณใŠใ‚ˆใณไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒญ ใƒณ.ใ€ ไนพ็‡ฅๅŠ› ใƒ–ใƒช้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒญใƒผใƒซใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‘ใƒณใ€ ๅก—ๅธƒๅŠฉๅ‰คใ€ ็กฌ่†œๅ‰คใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใฆๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใจใ—ใ€ ใƒ ใƒช ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใƒ† ใƒฌใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๆ”ฏ ๆŒไฝ“ใฎไธกๅดใซๅ„ใ€…่กจ้ขไฟ่ญทๅฑคใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅก—ๅธƒไนพ็‡ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Bใ‚’ไฝœ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅก—ๅธƒ้Š€้‡ใฏไธก้ขๅˆ่จˆใง 6 . 4gใƒŽ m zใงใ‚ใคใŸใ€‚
็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†
ๆฟƒ็ธฎๆถฒใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ใ็พๅƒๆถฒ >
P a r t A
ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  3 3 0 g
ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  6 3 0 g
ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  2 4 0 g
็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  9 0 g
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ้…ธ 4 ฮด g
ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒช ใ‚ณใƒผใƒซ 1 8 0 g
ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณไบ”้…ข้…ธ 3 0 g
1 +ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ‚จใƒใƒซ^"
5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใ‚พไธ€ใƒŽใƒฌ 0. 7 5 g
ใƒŽใ€ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใƒŽ ใƒณ . 4 5 0 g
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ . 4 1 2 ฮด
P a r t B ''
ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒช ใ‚ณ ใƒผใƒซ 5 2 5 g
ๆฐท้…ข้…ธ 1 0 2. 6 g
5 โ€”ไบŒ ใƒˆ ใƒญ ใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ€ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ 3. 7 ฮด g
1 ไธ€ ใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉ ใ‚พ ใƒช ใƒ‰ ใƒณ 3 4. ฮด g
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 7 ฮด 0 mยฃ
P a r t C ใ‚ฐใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŽใƒฌใƒ‡ใƒ’ ใƒ‰
(50wt/wt% ) 1 ฮด 0 ใƒก ใ‚ฟ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  1 5 0 ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  1 5 g ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 7 5 0
<ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ >
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ 
Figure imgf000139_0001
ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 0. 9 5 ใƒขใƒซ ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ ' ใƒ‹ใƒŠ
ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  . ไบŒๆฐดๅกฉ 0. 0 3 g ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  ' ไบ”ๆฐดๅกฉ 1 0 g ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  2 0 g ใƒ› ใ‚ฆ้…ธ 4 g 1 ไธ€ ๏ผˆ N , Nโ€”ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ๏ผ‰
ใƒผ ใ‚งใƒใƒŽใƒฌไธ€ 5 โ€” ใƒก ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ซใƒ• ' ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ
ใƒฉ ใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ 1 g ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธ 3. 2 g ๆฐท้…ข้…ธ 4 5 g ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  1 5 g ็กซ้…ธ (36 ) 3. 9 g ็กซ้…ธใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  1 0 g ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 4 0 0 P H 4. 6 8 ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ ไธŠ่จ˜็พๅƒๆถฒๆฟƒ็ธฎๆถฒใ‚’ใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใฎๅฎนๅ™จใซๅ„ใƒ‘ใƒผ ใƒˆๆฏŽใซๅ……ๅกก ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฎนๅ™จใฏใƒ‘ใƒผ ใƒˆ Aใ€ Bใ€ Cใฎๅ„ๅฎนๅ™จใŒไธ€ใคใซ้€ฃ็ตใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ไธŠ่จ˜ๅฎš็€ๆถฒๆฟƒ็ธฎๆถฒใ‚‚ใƒœใƒชใƒฑใƒใƒฌใƒณใฎๅฎนๅ™จใซๅ……ๅกกใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎ็พๅƒๆถฒๆฟƒ็ธฎๆถฒใฏ่ชฟ่ฃฝๅพŒใ€ ๅฎนๅ™จใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใพใพใง 50ใฆใฎๆก ไปถไธ‹ใง 3ใƒถๆœˆ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใใฎๅพŒ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝใซไพ›ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็พๅƒๆถฒใ€ ๅฎš็€ๆถฒใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰ฒๅˆใง่‡ช็พๆฉŸใฎ็พๅƒใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏใ€ ๅฎš็€ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ่‡ช็พๆฉŸใซ่จญ็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฎš้‡ใƒ ใƒณใƒ—ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆบ€ใŸใ—ใŸใ€‚
็พๅƒๆถฒ I
Aๅ‰ค 0 5
Bๅ‰ค 1 0 ฮทฮญ
Cๅ‰ค 1 0 id
๏ผš ๆฐด 1 2 5 id
'ใ€-ใ€ p H 1 0. ฮด 0
ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ
ฮ“ ๆฟƒ็ธฎๆถฒ 8 0
i ๆฐด 1 2 Q ฮœ
P H 4๏ผš 6 4
ๆฐดๆด—ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏใซใฏๆฐด้“ๆฐดใ‚’ๆบ€ใŸใ—ใ€ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎๅบ•ใซ N a 20 B 205 / S i 02 ( 10/65/25wt%ๆฏ”๏ผ‰ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ๆบถ่งฃๆ€งใ‚ฌใƒฉใ‚น ใซ Ag20ใ‚’ 1.7wt %่ˆใ‚€้Š€ๅพๆ”พๅ‰ค 50 gใ‚’ไธ็น”ๅธƒใซๅŒ…ใ‚“ใ ่ข‹ 4ใ‚ฑ ใ‚’ๆฒˆใ‚ใŸใ€‚
่‡ช็พๆฉŸใฎๆง‹ๆˆ
ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๆง‹ๆˆใฎ่‡ช็พๆฉŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒณใ‚ฏ ๅ‡ฆ็† ๅ‡ฆ ็† 7ฮ›
ๅ‡ฆ็† โ‘  ๅ‡ฆ็†
ยพLใƒŽๅˆ ใƒใ‚น้•ท ๅทฅ็จ‹ๆ™‚้–“ ๅทฅ็จ‹ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘ ใฎใจใ
ๆถฒใ‚ฟ
็พ ๅƒ 15 35 613mm 13.3็ง’ 24.5็ง’ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘กใฎใจใ
32
(ๆถฒ้ข้ข็ฉใจใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ๆฏ” = 35cm / SL )
ๅฎš ็€ 15 i 32 ฮ 5 1mm 11.7็ง’ 21.6็ง’ ๅฎš ็€ 13 ฮฏ 17 305mm 5.7็ง’ 10.5็ง’ ๆตๆฐด
ใ‚น ใ‚ฏ ใ‚ค ใ‚บ 6.6็ง’ 12.2็ง’ ไนพ ็‡ฅ 58 368mm 8.0็ง’ 14.7็ง’ ใƒˆ ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒซ 1827mm 45.3็ง’ 83.6็ง’ ๅ‡ฆ ็ฒ
ๅ‰่จ˜ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Aใซ 50% X็ทš้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ€ ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎ่‡ช็พๆฉŸใŠใ‚ˆใณ ไธŠ่จ˜ใฎๅ‰ฒๅˆใซๆททๅˆใ—ใŸๅ„ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใ‚’็”จใ„ใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘ ๅˆใฏโ‘กใฎๅทฅ็จ‹ๆ™‚ ้–“ใฆใ€ ๅ››ๅˆ‡ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ ๏ผˆ10X 12ใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ๏ผ‰ 1 ๆžšๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š็พๅƒๆถฒใฏ 45 ใ€ ๅฎšยพๆถฒใฏ 30 ่ฃœๅ……ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใฏๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘กใฎใจใใฏๆฏŽๅˆ†ๆต้‡ 5 ยฃใงใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘ ใฎใจใใฏๆฏŽ ๅˆ†ๆต้‡ 10 ยฃใงใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใŒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใซๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆ้›ป็ฃ ๅผใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆไพ›็ตฆใ•ใ‚Œ ๏ผˆ็ด„ 1 ๅ››ๅˆ‡ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 1 ๆžš๏ผ‰ ใ€ ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎไฝœๆฅญ ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใซใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซ้›ป็ฃๅผใŒ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏใฎๆฐดใ‚’ๅ…จ้ƒจๆŠœใ ใ‚ˆใ† ใซใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ็พๅƒไธ€ๅฎš็€้–“ใ€ ๅฎš็€ไธ€ๆฐดๆด—้–“ใฎใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผ ใƒไธ€ ใƒญใƒผใƒฉใƒผใซใฏใ€ ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๆด—ๆต„ๆฐดใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆๆด—ๆต„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’ ่ฃ…็ฝฎใ—ใŸ ๏ผˆ็‰น้ก˜ๆ˜ญ 61- 131338ๅทใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•๏ผ‰ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅ››ๅˆ‡ใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บใง 2000ๆžšๅŒไธ€ไฝ็ฝฎใงๅ‡ฆ็† '๏ผˆใƒฉ ใƒณใƒฆใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ†ใ‚น ใƒˆ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸๅพŒใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ 60'C /70%ๆนฟๅบฆใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dmin)ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟใน ใŸใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๅฎš็€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็Ÿญใ ใ—ใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใ„ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€ ( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใงใŠใใ‹ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฆ ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใค - ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Bใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจโ€” 6 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 6 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใงใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใ‹ใค่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจ- 6 (ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Aใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘ ๏ผ‰
Figure imgf000143_0001
่กจไธ€ 6 (ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Aใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘ก๏ผ‰
ๅฎš ็€ ๅ‰ค ๆฎ‹ ๅญ˜ ้Š€ ้‡ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎใƒžใ‚ผ ๏ผ› ๅ‚™ ่€ƒ ๏ผš ๏ผ› ( g /cm2) ๏ผ› ใƒณใ‚ฟๆœ€ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆใฎๅค‰ๅŒ– ๏ผ›
๏ผ› 20.8็ง’ I 21.6็ง’ ' ๏ผˆ ADmin) ๏ผ›
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธ ๏ผš 5.5 ๏ผ› 0.8 ๏ผ› ๅ 0.20 ๏ผ ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผš ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ  1 ๏ผ ใซ ๏ผš ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 1 ๏ผ› 0.8 0.6 " +0.06 jๆœฌ็ฉถๆ˜Ž ๏ผš ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 2 ๏ผ› 0.9 ๏ผš 0.6 ๏ผ› +0.07 " ๏ผš ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 6 ๏ผ› 0.8 ๏ผ› 0.6 ๏ผ› +0.07 j " ๏ผ› ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผš 3.1 ๏ผ 0.7 ๏ผ› +0.25 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผš
(A ) ๏ผ› ๏ผ› , ๏ผ
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผš 3.0 ๏ผš 0.8 ๏ผ ๏ผŒ0.21 j " ๏ผš
( B ) ๏ผ ๏ผ› 1 I
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผš 2.9 ๏ผ› 0.7 ๏ผ› รท0.19 j " ๏ผ›
( C๏ผ›) ๏ผ› ๏ผ› , 1 . ่กจไธ€ 6 (ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ Bใ€ ^็†โ‘ ๏ผ‰
ๅฎš ็€ ๅ‰ค ๆฎ‹ ๅญ˜ ้Š€ ้‡Œ ใ‚ต ใง ใฎ ' ๅ‚™ ่€ƒ ๏ผš
ใ€ / C ffl ) ไบฆ IV '
็–‹ ^ ๅฎš็€
1 n Q ยพ 11 ฮฏๅฐ
i ฮฏ
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธ 5.8 ' 0.8 0.24
โ€” f ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผš ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 1 0.7 ๏ผ› 0.6 + 0.07 ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž ๏ผš ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A 2 0ยทฮด ' 0.6 รท0.07 1
711ใ—' Aๅฃ ยซ ยทฮฏยพ71 ฮ› โ€• ฯ… n u . p 0 f j ฮ  U . R 0 rO.08 ฮฏ
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 0 Q O 1 .7 40.30 ๆฏ”่ผƒๅถ ๏ผ› ฯŠ 1 i
2
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 0.7 + 0.26 ฮฏ
( ฮ’ ) ใƒž 1 i
1
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 3.0 0.7 ๅ 0.22 j
( C ) i
I ฮฏ ่กจโ€” 6 (ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ ฮ’ใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†โ‘ก๏ผ‰
ๅฎš ็€ ๅ‰ค ๆฎ‹ ๅญ˜ ใ‚ต ใƒผ ใƒข ๅ‰ ๅพŒ ใง ใฎ 1ๅ‚™ ่€ƒ ๏ผ›
( g / ๆœ€ ๅฐ ๆฟƒ ๅบฆ ใฎ ๅค‰ ๅŒ– 1
ๅฎš็€ ๅฎš็€ ( ฮ” DminJ
20.8็ง’ 21.6็ง’
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้“ต 0.7 ฯ„ฮธ.21 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผš ใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ 
โ– 
ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 1 0.7 0.6 ๅƒ 0.06 I ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž ๏ผš
[
ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 2 0.7 0.6 -0.06 1
ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A - 6 0.9 0.5 + G.07
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 3.1 0.6 0.25 ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผ› ( A )
ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 3.1 0.7 + 0.23 ฮฏ
( B )
, ๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผš 2.9 0.6 ,0.20 1
๏ผš ( C ) i ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 12
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 1ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 3ใ€ A โ€” 4ใ€ Aโ€” 5ใ€ Aโ€” 7ใ€ Aโ€” 8ใ€ Aโ€” 9ใ€ A - 13ใ€ A - 17ใ€ Aโ€” 20ใ€ Aโ€” 24ใ€ Aโ€” 31ใพใŸใฏ Aโ€” 52ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 1ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ ่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 1ใจๅŒใ˜ ใ ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒขใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งๅ…ฑใซ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 13
(ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎ่ชฟ่ฃฝ๏ผ‰
50 'CใซไฟใฃใŸใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใซ้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใ‚Š 4 X 1 0โ€” 7ใƒขใƒซใฎ
6ๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ค ใƒช ใ‚ธใ‚ฆใƒ  ( ฮ ฮ™ ) ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ขใฎๅญ˜ๅœจไธ‹ใงใ€ ็ก ้…ธ้Š€ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใจๆฒƒๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ใฎๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ 60ๅˆ† ้–“ใงๅŠ ใˆใใฎ้–“ใฎ P A gใ‚’ 7 . 8 ใซไฟใคใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ต ใ‚ฃ ใ‚บ 0. 28 ใงใ€ ๅนณๅ‡ใƒจใ‚ฆๅŒ–้Š€ๅซๆœ‰้‡ 0 . 3 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใฎ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ๅ˜ๅˆ†ๆ•ฃ ไนณๅ‰คใ‚’่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ใƒ• ใƒญใ‚ญใƒฆ ใƒฌไธ€ใ‚ทใƒจ ใƒณๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ่„ฑ ๅกฉใ‚’่กŒใ„ใใฎๅพŒใซใ€ ้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใ‚Š 40 g ใฎไธๆดปๆ€งใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆ ใŸๅพŒ 50ใฆใซไฟใกๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใจ ใ—ใฆ 5 , 5 ' ใ€œใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ๅฃ โ€” 9 ไธ€ใ‚งใƒใƒซ ไธ€ 3๏ผŒ 3 ' โ€” ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆ 3 โ€” ใ‚นใƒซใƒ• ใ‚ก ใƒ—ใƒญ.ใƒ”ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒณ ใจใ€ ้Š€ 1 ใƒขใƒซๅฝ“ใ‚Š 10 ใƒขใƒซใฎ K I ๅฎนๆถฒใซๅŠ ใˆใ€ 15ๅˆ†้–“็ตŒๆ™‚ใ• ใ›ใŸๅพŒ้™ๆธฉใ—ใŸใ€‚
(ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎๅก—ๅธƒ๏ผ‰
ใ“ ใฎไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ๅ†ๆบถ่งฃใ—ใ€ 40ใฆใซใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒฉ ใ‚ธ ใƒณ่ช˜ๅฐŽไฝ“ใ‚’ ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใ€ 144
,^โ€”(0 ]- 0-CH-C0NH-; O }- H HCHO
C 2 H 5
7.1 X 10โ€” 5ใƒขใƒซ/ A gใƒขใƒซ
ๆ›ดใซ 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚บ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พไธ€ใƒซใ€ 4 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทไธ€ 1 , 3 : 3a, 7 โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚ถใ‚ค ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒณใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆใ‚ฃ ๏ผ‰ ใ€ ๏ผˆๅฃ๏ผ‰ ๅŠใณใ‚ป ใƒฉ ใƒใƒณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ 30 w t %ใฎใƒ ใƒช ใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚กใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆๅŠใณใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ็กฌๅŒ–ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆไธ‹่จ˜ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆใƒ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใ€ ๅกฉๅŒ–ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒชใƒ‡ใƒณๅ…ฑ ้‡ๅˆไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹ไธ‹ๅก—ๅฑค ๏ผˆ0.5 ฮผ ) ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒช ไบŒใƒ ใƒฌใƒณใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ•
10 ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ ใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ  (150 ) ไธŠใซ้Š€้‡ S gZm2ใจใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅก—ๅธƒ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
(ใ‚ฃ ๏ผ‰
HC0CII3
Figure imgf000146_0001
ใ“ OไธŠใฎไฟ่ญทๅฑคใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ l,5gZmzใ€ ใƒœใƒช ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฏ ใƒช ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ็ฒ’ๅญ ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญ 2, 5 )0.3 g /m2, ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝœ ๆˆใ—ใŸ A g C ยฃๅพฎ็ฒ’ๅญ ๏ผˆ0.08 / ) ใ‚’ A g้‡ใง 0,3g/m2ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ ใ†ใซใ€ ๆฌกใฎ็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅก—ๅธƒใ—ใŸใ€‚
็•Œ้ขๆดปๆ€งๅ‰ค -
C, 2H25 -: Qใ€๏ผ›- S03Na
ฯ /mg/ m
CH2C00C6H, 3
CHC00C6H, a
SOsNa 37mgZ m :
Figure imgf000147_0001
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅคงๅ…จใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ ๏ผˆ50.8cmZ61.0cm) ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ€ 3200 ใ€‚ K ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใƒ†ใƒณๅ…‰ใง 50%้ป’ๅŒ–้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅ‡ฆๆ–นใง 200 ๆžšๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใค ใ‚ง ็จ‹ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ ็พ ๅƒ 30็ง’ 34 *C 240 ๅฎš ็€ 30็ง’ 34 t 390 ๆฐด ๆด— 30็ง’ 20ใฆ 2 ฮฏ
ใฎ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ l m2ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ้‡ใจใ—ใฆ็คบใ—ใŸ (็พๅƒๆถฒ๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒ-่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ
ใƒใ‚ค ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใƒŽ ใƒณ 50. Og
Nโ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ p โ€” ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ 0.3g ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  18. Og ใƒ› ใ‚ฆ้…ธ 20. Og ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  110. Og ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  l.Og ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  10. Og
5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚กใ‚พใƒผใƒซ 0.4g
5 โ€” ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ– ใƒˆใƒ™ ใƒณใƒ„ ใ‚ค ใƒŸใƒ€ใ‚พไธ€ใƒซใƒผ 0.3g
ฮด โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ
3 โ€” ๏ผˆ 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒ•' ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ๏ผ‰ 0.2g ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ 
6 ใƒผ ใ‚ธใƒก ใƒใƒซใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ไธ€ 1 โ€”ใธใ‚ญใ‚ตใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ 4.0g
ฮก ไธ€ ใƒˆ ใƒซใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  15. Og
5 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚ต ใƒช ใƒใƒซ้…ธ 30. Og ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1 ใ€ ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ p Hll.7ใซๅˆใ‚ใ› ใ‚‹
(ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒ-่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ
ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ  190.0g ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 1 ใƒขใƒซ ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  22.0g ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ  0. lg ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธ 3.0g ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ขๆฐด ๏ผˆ27%) 10.0g ้…ข้…ธ ๏ผˆ90%) 30. Og
1
4
็กซ้…ธใ‚ขใƒซใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ  (27%) 7 35.0g ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1 ใ€ ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ P H4.8 ใซๅˆใ‚ ใ›ใ‚‹ '
ไธ€้€ฃใฎ้€ฃ็ถšๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†็›ดๅ‰ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆ 60'C Z ๆนฟๅบฆ 70%ใฎใ‚ตไธ€ใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎๆœ€ ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆ ( Dniin)ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฎš็€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 25็ง’ใ€ 30็ง’ใจๅค‰ใˆใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใ„ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจ ใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸ
ๅˆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€ ( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใงใŠใใ‹ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฆ ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใคใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 7 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 7 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใ‹ใค่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Œ•ๆ€งใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Figure imgf000150_0001
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 14
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 13ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Aโ€” 3 Aโ€” 4 Aโ€” 5 A - 7 Aโ€” 9 Aโ€” 14 Aโ€” 18 Aโ€” 22 Aโ€” 24 A - 30 Aโ€”31 Aโ€” 39 Aโ€”43ใพใŸใฏ A 52ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝ ไพ‹ 13ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใคใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 13ใจๅŒใ˜ใใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚ต ใƒขใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งๅ…ฑใซ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 15
ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ธใ‚ง ใ‚ฝ ใƒˆๆณ•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใŒๆฒˆๆฎบใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ็‰ฉ็† ็†Ÿๆˆใ€ ่„ฑ้Š€ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒๆ›ดใซๅŒ–ๅญฆ็†Ÿๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆๅกฉๆฒƒ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ ๏ผˆ่‡ญ็ด ่ˆๆœ‰ 30 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ใƒงใƒผ ใƒ‰ๅซๆœ‰้‡ 0 . 1 ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ… ) ไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไนณๅ‰คใซ่ˆ ใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€็ฒ’ๅญใฎๅนณๅ‡็›ดๅพ„ใฏ 0. 3 ใƒŸ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒณใงใ‚ใฃ ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎไนณๅ‰ค 1 kgไธญใซ 0. 6 ใƒขใƒซใฎใƒ ใ‚ณใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใŒ่ˆๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ใ“ ใฎไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ 1 kgใšใค็งคๅ–ใ—ใ€ 40ใฆใงๅŠ ๆธฉๆบถ่งฃๅพŒใ€ ๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใฎ ใƒก ใ‚ฟใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใ€ ๆ›ดใซ่‡ญๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ใฎๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ใใ‚Œ ใžใ‚Œๆ‰€ๅฎš้‡ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ 4๏ผŒ 4 ' - ใƒ“ใ‚น ใ€”4 , 6 ใ‚ธ ๏ผˆใƒšใƒณใ‚พใƒ ใ‚กใ‚พ ใƒช ใƒŽใƒฌไธ€ 2 โ€”ใƒใ‚ฉ ๏ผ‰ ใƒ” ใƒช ใƒŸ ใ‚ธ ใƒณไธ€ 2 โ€” ใ‚ค ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ€• ใ‚นใƒใƒซใƒ™ ใƒณโ€” 2 : 2 ' ไธ€ ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใ‚ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๅกฉใฎ 1 . 0้‡้‡๏ผ…ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒŽ ไธ€ใƒซๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ ๅŠ ใˆใ€ ๆ›ดใซ 1 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญใ‚ทโ€” 3 ' 5 โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญๅฃ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ธ ใƒณใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉ 1 . 0 ้‡้‡๏ผ…ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ 30 ๅŠ ใˆใ€ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซ ใƒ‰ ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉ 1 . 0้‡้‡๏ผ…ๆฐดๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ 40 ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆ”ชๆ‹Œใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎๅฎŒๆˆไนณๅ‰คใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒซใƒญใƒผใ‚บ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚ปใƒ†ใƒผ ใƒˆ , ใƒ• ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นไธŠใซไนพ็‡ฅ่†œๅŽšใŒ 5 ใƒŸ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒณใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅก—ๅธƒ ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใ€ ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ ใฎใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ่ฉฆๆ–™ใ‚’่‰ฒๆธฉๅบฆ 26 66 ยฐ ใฎๅ…‰ๆบใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคๆ„Ÿๅ…‰่จˆใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅ…‰ๆบใซๅฏŒๅฃซๅ†™็œŸใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ็คพ ่ฃฝใฎๆš—่ตค่‰ฒใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผ ๏ผˆ S Cโ€” 66) ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆๅ…‰ๆฅ”้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸ c ้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒไธ‹่จ˜ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹ใง็พๅƒๆถฒใฎใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ใฎ 3ๅ€ใซ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใŒ ใชใ‚‹ใพใง้€ฃ็ถšๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
ๅ‡ฆ็ฒ.ๅทฅ็จ‹
ๅทฅ็จ‹ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉ ่ฃœๅ……้‡ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ ็พๅƒ 20็ง’ 38 'C 320 18 i ๅฎš็€ 20็ง’ 38ใฆ โ‘  320 18 ฮฏ ๆฐดๆด— 20็ง’ 20ใฆ 2 ยฃ 18 ยฃ
*่ฃœๅ……้‡ ๏ผš ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1 m 2ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ้‡ (็พๅƒๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏๆถฒ =่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ใƒก ใƒˆ ใƒผใƒซ 0.31g ็„กๆฐดไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  39.6 g
ใƒŽใƒฝ ใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญใƒŽ ใƒณ 6.0 g ็„กๆฐด็‚ญ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  18.7 g ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  0.86g ใ‚ฏ ใ‚ง ใƒณ้…ธ 0.68g ๏ผ› ใƒก ใ‚ฟ้‡ไบœ็กซ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  1.5 H
ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1 ยฃ
(ๅฎš็€ๆถฒ๏ผ‰
I ๆฏๆถฒ =่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ ๏ผ› ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  1 200 id \ ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็ฉถๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผ› 1 ใƒขใƒซ ไบœ็กซ้…ธๆฐด็ด ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  12.0 g ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ - 0.1 g ้…’็Ÿณ้…ธ . i 3.0 g ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ขๆฐด ๏ผˆ27%) .' \ 7.0 g ้…ข้…ธ ๏ผˆ90% ) 1 20.0 g ็กซ้…ธใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒŸ ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  ๏ผˆ27%) I 35. Og ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1 ยฃใ€ ๆฐด้…ธๅŒ–ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ P H 4.2 ใซใ€ ๅˆ ใ‚ใ›ใŸใ€‚
ไธ€้€ฃใฎ้€ฃ็ถšๅ‡ฆ็†ๅพŒใ€ ๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†็›ดๅ‰ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†่ฉฆๆ–™ใซใคใ„ใฆ 60 'C / ๆนฟๅบฆ 70 %ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒข็Šถๆ…‹ใง 10ๆ—ฅ้–“ไฟๅญ˜ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒขๅ‰ๅพŒใงใฎๆœ€ ๅฐๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆ D m i n )ใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ๅฏŒๅฃซๅ†™็œŸใƒ•ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ็คพ่ฃฝใฎ Pๅž‹ๆฟƒๅบฆ่จˆใ‚’ ็”จใ„ใฆ่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅฎš็€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ 16็ง’ใ€ 20็ง’ใจๅค‰ใˆใฆๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใ„ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจ ใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใง็”จใ„ใŸๆฏ”่ผƒๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆ A ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ B ) ใ€ ๏ผˆ C ) ใ€
( D ) ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใจ็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใงใŠใใ‹ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฉฆ ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจโ€” 8 ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 8 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆนฟ็†ฑใ‚ตใƒผใƒขใง Oใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใ‹ใค่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 8
Figure imgf000153_0001
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 16
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 15ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ‘ - 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ A _ 3ใ€ Aโ€” 4ใ€ A - 5 .ใ€ A - " 7 ใ€ Aโ€” 8ใ€ A - 9ใ€ Aโ€” 14ใ€ Aโ€” 20ใ€ A - 22ใ€ A - 30ใ€ Aโ€” 39ใ€ Aโ€” 43ใ€ Aโ€” 45ใพใŸใฏ Aโ€” 52ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 15ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 5ใจๅŒใ˜ใ ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ‚ตใƒผ ใƒข ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใ€ ่ฟ…้€Ÿๅ‡ฆ็†ใงใฎ่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€งๅ…ฑใซ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 7
็‰น้–’ๅนณ 2 - S54ๅทๅ…ฌๅ ฑใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ 1 01 ยฉๅฆ‚ใไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸๆ„Ÿๆ (ๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผๅ่ปขใƒ• ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ€ ๅŒๅ…ฌๅ ฑใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใฎๅฎš็€ๆถฒ ใฎใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 18
็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 2 - 90145ๅทใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใฎใ‚ต ใƒณใƒ–ใƒซ 1 ใฎๅฆ‚ใไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸๆ„ ๆ ๏ผˆ็›ดๆŽฅใƒใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๆ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅŒ็‰น่จฑใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš ็€ๆถฒใฎใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใฆใ‚‚ ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 19
็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 1 - 158431ใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2ใฎๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅฆ‚ใไฝœๆˆ ใ—ใŸๆ„Ÿๆ ๏ผˆใ‚ซ ใƒฉไธ€ๅ่ปขใƒšใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๅŒ็‰น่จฑใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 ใฎ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚กใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซ็ฝฎใๆ› ใˆใฆใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ็ฌฌ 2ใฎๆ…‹ๆง˜ใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 20
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5 ใจๅ…จใๅŒๆง˜ใซใ—ใฆๅคšๅฑคใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€ ๅƒๆง˜ ้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซ็”จใ„ใŸ่กจ 3 ใซ็คบใ™ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ๏ผˆๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค๏ผ‰ ใฎไปฃ ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ่กจ 9 ใซ็คบใ—ใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸไปฅๅค–ใฏๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 5 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซๅ‡ฆ ็†ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณ ใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใ€ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆๆพฑ็‰ฉ ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ‚’็›ฎ่ฆ–ใง่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎใƒžใ‚ผ ใƒณใ‚ฟใฎๅๅฐ„ๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dtnin)ใ‚’ Xโ€” riteๆฟƒๅบฆ ่จˆใซใ‚ˆใคใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒไธญใฎใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆm) ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใฎ 1 , 3 โ€” ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ” ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใ‚ธใƒž ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ใซไปฃใˆใฆๅŒๆง˜ใฎใƒฉ ใƒณใƒฆ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใ„ๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰ ็„กใ€ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟ ใฎๅๅฐ„ๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใ€‚ ็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจโ€” 9 ใซ ็คบใ™ใ€‚ ่กจ- 9 ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ็”ŸๆˆใŒใŠใ“ ใ‚‰ใš ๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใŒๅ„ชใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใคๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆ Dmin ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅŠ› ใƒ—ใƒช๏ผ‰ ใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ ใซ ใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใฏใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ้ซ˜ใ„้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใ‚’ ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰นใซ้ก•่‘—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
154
่กจไธ€ 9
10
Figure imgf000156_0002
ใๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„กใฎ่ฉ•ไพก >
C ๏ผš ็›ฎ่ฆ–ใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใชใ—
ฮ” ๏ผš ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X ๏ผš ๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X X ๏ผš ๆฅตใ‚ใฆๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
ๆณจ๏ผ‰ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰ค โ‘  ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ IE ) ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  โ‘ก 1 , 3 -ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ” ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ EI ) ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ 
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 1
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 0 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ B - 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Bโ€” 5 ใ€ B - 23. B - 41 ใพใŸใฏ Bโ€” 67ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 0 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใช ใคใŸ
Figure imgf000156_0001
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 20ใจๅŒใ˜ ใใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟใŒ ฮด
155
็”Ÿๆˆใ›ใšใ€ ใ‹ใคๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒช ใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œ *๏ผŒ
ๅˆใ€ ใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใซ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ด ๅˆใ€ ็‰นใซ้ก•่‘—ใซใฟใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 2
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 0 ใงๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดไธญใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ๏ผˆๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ‰ ใฎๆฟƒ ๅบฆใ‚’ 0. 02ใ€ 0. 08 s 0. 2 ใ€ 0. 5 ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ยฃใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 1 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใช่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅˆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ใ‚ฑใ‚ฃๅ…‰ X ็ทšๅˆ†ๆž่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
10 ไฝ†ใ—ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟ่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 10ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 10ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏ 0. 2 ใƒขใƒซ Z ยฃไปฅไธŠใฎๆฟƒๅบฆใงไฝฟ็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
20
ฮ›
25 ่กจไบŒไธŠ. QL ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คๆฟƒๅบฆ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ ใƒชใƒณใ‚นโ‘ 
ๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ) ๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้บ ใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟๆฟƒ ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆ ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆ
}ๅˆ ใ€ ฯ…ฯ€ฯ€ ฮ ใƒŽ ฮฒ ใŠ Sit ใฎใŠ ttt
1 O
ใƒ• TIILIยพยพ ฮท ฮ  :
DO A ใ— Aใƒฝ i-LT l/'J
ใ‚กใƒณใƒขไบŒใ‚ฅใƒ  0.08 58 K70 ฮ” ฮ› ใ€ƒ
0.20 1.8 0.30 ฮ” X ใ€ƒ
U ยท K) U ยท 0 n 1 ฯ‚ //
1ใ— ฮŽ ฮ ไธ€ 11 1 //
0.08 59 1.75 ใ€‡ ใ€‡ //
0.20 1ยท4 0.11 ใ€‡ ใ€‡ ๆœจ็™บๆ˜Ž
ฮ  U ยท ou n ใ€ƒ
ใ€ใƒŽ
ใๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎ =fi็„กใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใ€‰ ใƒŽใƒฌ ฮ‘ยพฯ„ฮ ฮ  1
10 DO 1 ยท OA
ใ€ใƒŽ ไธŠใ— ไน‚ iyใƒช C
0.08 61 1.77 ใ€‡ o ใ€ƒ ใ€‡๏ผš ็›ฎ่ฆ–ใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใชใ—
0.20 1.2 0.11 ใ€‡ ใ€‡ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž
0.50 0.3 0.11 ใ€‡ ใ€‡ ใ€ƒ A๏ผšๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ ๅŒ–^็‰ฉ ฮ’ -30 0.02 65 1.85 ใ€‡ ใ€‡ ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ X ๏ผšๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
0.08 60 1.70 ใ€‡ ใ€‡
0.20 1.5 0.11 ใ€‡ ใ€‡ ๆœจ็™บๆ˜Ž X X ๏ผšๆฅตใ‚ใฆๅคš็ฝฑใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
0.50 0.3 0.10 ใ€‡ ใ€‡
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 3
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 2ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ B 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ B - 5ใ€ B -23. B -41 ใพใŸใฏ Bโ€” 67ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 2 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใช ใค
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 2 ใจๅŒใ˜ ใ ใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฏ 0.2ใƒขใƒซ ใƒŽ ยฃไปฅไธŠใฎๆฟƒๅบฆใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใซใ‚ˆ ใ‚Šใ€ ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ, ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 4
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 2 ใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใซ็”จใ„ใŸๅฎš ็€ๅ‰คใ‚’่กจโ€” 11ใซ็คบใ—ใŸๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใซไปฃใˆใŸไปฅๅค–ใฏๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซ ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใ€ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘ ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ็‰ฉ ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ‚’็›ฎ่ฆ–ใง่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใฎๅๅฐ„ๆฟƒๅบฆ๏ผˆDmiri)ใ‚’ Xโ€” riteๆฟƒๅบฆ่จˆ ใซใ‚ˆใคใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ• ใ‚‰ใซๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒไธญใฎใ‚งใƒใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’็ญ‰ใƒขใƒซใฎ 1,3-ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) ใ‚ก ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ใซไปฃใˆใฆๅŒๆง˜ใฎใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ใ‚’่กŒใชใ„ใ€ ๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰ ็„กใ€ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใฎๅๅฐ„ๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใ€‚ ็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 11ใซ ็คบใ™ใ€‚ ่กจ - 11ใ‚ˆ ใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ใจ ใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ็”ŸๆˆใŒใŠใ“ ใ‚‰ใš ๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใŒๅ„ชใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใคๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆDmiiu ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ– ใƒช ๏ผ‰ ใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซ ใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใฏใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ้ซ˜ใ„้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใ‚’ใ‚‚ใคๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใ‚’็”จ ใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰นใซ้ก•่‘—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ่กจไธ€ 1 1
ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ ใƒช ใƒณใ‚นโ‘  1
ๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ๆถฒไธญใฎๆผ‚ รธ ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆ ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆ
็™ฝๅ‰ค ๅบฆ (Dmin) ๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„ก ๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„ก 1
็กซ้…ธ โ‘  0.17 ฮ” X ๏ผ ๆฏ”่ผƒไพ‹ ๏ผš ฮใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ i โ‘ก 0.20 X X X 1 i ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ โ‘  0.12 c o ๏ผ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Ž 1
Bไธ€ 1 โ‘ก 0.11 C ใ€‡ ๏ผ
๏ผ ,
ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ โ‘  0.12 ใ€‡ 1 " ๏ผ B -15 โ‘ก 0.12 ใ€‡ ๏ผ ๏ผ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ โ‘  0.12 ฮฟ o ๏ผ ๏ผš
B - 30 โ‘ก 0.12 ๅœ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ โ‘  0.13 c
B -40 โ‘ก 0.12 C ยฐ ๏ผ 1 ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ โ‘  0.12 ฮฟ n ๏ผ // ๏ผ B -64 โ‘ก 0.11 ใ€‡ ยฐ ฮฏ 1 ใๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„กใฎ่ฉ•ไพก >
C ๏ผš ็›ฎ่ฆ–ใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใชใ—
ฮ” ๏ผš ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X ๏ผš ๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X X ๏ผš ๆฅตใ‚ใฆๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
ๆณจ๏ผ‰ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰ค โ‘  ใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ 
โ‘ก 1, 3-ใƒ—ใƒญใƒ”ใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ ฮ™ ) ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ 
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 5
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 4 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ’โ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ’โ€” 5 ฮ’โ€” 23 ฮ’ - 41ใพใŸใฏ ฮ’ 67ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 4 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒ ใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 4 ใจๅŒใ˜ ใใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ ใŒ็”Ÿๆˆใ›ใšใ€ ใ‹ใคๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒช ใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใซ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ ็‰นใซ้ก•่‘—ใซใฟใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 6
ใƒใƒชใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใงไธก้ขใƒฉ ใƒŸใƒใƒผ ใƒˆ ใ—ใ€ ่กจ้ขใ‚’ใ‚ณ ๅฃใƒŠๆ”พ้›ปๅ‡ฆ็†ใ— ใŸ็ด™ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ใฎไธŠใซไปฅไธ‹ใซ็คบใ™ๅฑคๆง‹ๆˆใฎๅคšๅฑคใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ใ‚’ไฝœ่ฃฝ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใฏไธ‹่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚
็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑคๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒ่ชฟ่ฃฝ
ใ‚ค ใ‚ง ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆExY)60.0 gใŠใ‚ˆใณ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆCpd- 1) 28. O g ใซ้…ข้…ธใ‚งใƒใƒซ 150ccใŠใ‚ˆใณๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆSolv- 3) 1.0cใ—ใ€ใจๆบถๅช’ (Solv-4)3.0ccใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆๆบถ่งฃใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆบถๆถฒใ‚’ ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚น ใƒซใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ 10 %ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณๆฐดๆบถๆถฒ 450 ccใซๆทปๅŠ ใ— ใŸๅพŒใ€ ่ถ…้Ÿณๆณขใƒ›ใƒขใ‚ธใƒŠใ‚คใ‚ถใƒผใซใฆๅˆ†ๆ•ฃใ—ใ€ ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅˆ†ๆ•ฃๆถฒใ‚’ใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜้’ๆ„Ÿๆ€งๅข—ๆ„Ÿ่‰ฒ็ด ใ‚’่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ 0.7ใƒขใƒซ %) 420 g ใซๆททๅˆๆบถ่งฃใ—ใฆ็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑคๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใ‚’่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚
็ฌฌไบŒๅฑคใ‹ใ‚‰็ฌฌไธƒๅฑค็”จใฎๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใ‚‚็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑคๅก—ๅธƒๆถฒใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฆ ่ชฟ่ฃฝใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅ„ๅฑคใฎใ‚ผใƒฉใƒใƒณ็กฌๅŒ–ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏ 1,2-ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚น ใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ‚จใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚
ใพใŸๅ„ๅฑคใฎๅˆ†ๅ…‰ๅข—ๆ…ผ่‰ฒ็ด ใจใ—ใฆใฏไธ‹่จ˜ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚
้’ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ๏ผ› ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒผ 5, 5' โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ๅฃโ€” 3,3' โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซ ใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ขใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ใƒณใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ท ใƒ‰
็ถ ๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ๏ผ› ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใƒผ 9 ใƒผใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ 5, 5' โ€” ใ‚ธใƒ•ใƒฑใƒ‹ใƒซ
โ€” 3,3' โ€”ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ทใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒณใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ท ใƒ‰ ่ตคๆ„Ÿๆ€งไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ๏ผ› 3,3' โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใƒผ 5 โ€” ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒผ 9, 11ไธ€ใƒใ‚ช ใƒšใƒณใƒใƒซใƒใ‚ข ใ‚ธใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ธใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒณใƒง ใƒผใ‚ธ ใƒ‰ ใพใŸๅ„ไนณๅ‰คๅฑคใฎๅฎ‰ๅฎšๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆไธ‹่จ˜ใฎ็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚
1 โ€” ( 2 โ€” ใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆ ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒผ ใƒ• ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใ€๏ผŒ
โ€” 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซใƒ— ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ 7
1 โ€”ใƒ• ใ‚จไบŒใƒซใƒผ 5 โ€”ใƒก ใƒซใ‚ซ ใƒ– ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ยทยท ๆททๅˆ็‰ฉ
ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ 2 I ( ใƒข ใƒซๆฏ”๏ผ‰
1 โ€” ( P โ€” ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ•ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 5 โ€”
ใƒก ใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ซ ใƒ— ใƒˆ ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒผใƒซ
ใพใŸใ‚ฃ ใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใ‚ทใƒง ใƒณ้˜ฒๆญขๆŸ“ๆ–™ใจใ—ใฆไธ‹่จ˜ G)็‰ฉใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใ€‚ ใ€” 3 โ€”ใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 5 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒผ 4 โ€” ( 3 โ€” ๏ผˆ 3 โ€” ใ‚ซ ใƒซใƒœ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 5 โ€”ใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ฝ ใƒผ 1 โ€” (2, 5โ€”ใƒ“ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒ• ใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 2 โ€” ใƒ”ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒช ใƒณไธ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚ค ใƒช ใƒ‡ใƒณ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ—ใƒญใบใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 1 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒช ใƒซใ€• ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณไธ€ 2, 5-ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒŠใƒผ ใƒˆ ใƒผ ใ‚ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅใƒ ๅกฉ
N' โ€”๏ผˆ4, 8โ€” ใ‚ธใƒ’ ใƒ‰ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 9, 10โ€” ใ‚ธใ‚ฉใ‚ญใ‚ฝ ไธ€ 3, 7-ใ‚ธใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚น ใƒฉใ‚ป ใƒณใƒผ 1 , 5-ใ‚ธใ‚ฃ ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ“ใ‚น ๏ผˆใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใƒก ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒŠใƒผ ใƒˆ ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ 'ๅกฉ
ใ€” 3 โ€” ใ‚ทใ‚ก ใƒŽ _ 5 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ท "๏ผš 4 ไธ€ ๏ผˆ 3 โ€” ( 3 โ€” ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŽ ไธ€ 5 โ€”ใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ฝ ไธ€ 1 โ€” ( 4 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒŠไธ€ ใƒˆ ใƒ• ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 2 โ€” ใƒ“ใƒฉ ใ‚พใƒช ใƒณใƒผ 4 ไธ€ ใ‚ค ใƒช ใƒ‡ใƒณ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 1 โ€”ใƒ™ ใƒณใ‚ฟ ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 1 ไธ€ ใƒ”ใƒฉ ใ‚พ ใƒช ใƒซใ€• ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณไธ€ 4 โ€”ใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒŠไธ€ ใƒˆ ใƒผ ใ‚ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ ๅกฉ (ๅฑคๆง‹ๆˆ๏ผ‰
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๅ„ๅฑคใฎ็ต„ๆˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฏๅก—ๅธƒ้‡ ๏ผˆ g Zrf ) ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฏ้Š€ๆ›็ฎ—ๅก—ๅธƒ้‡ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€‚ ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“
ใƒœใƒช ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใงไธก้ขใƒฉ ใƒŸใƒใƒผ ใƒˆ ใ—ใ€ ่กจ้ขใ‚’ใ‚ณ ใƒญใƒŠๆ”พ้›ปๅ‡ฆ็†ใ— ใŸ็ด™ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“
็ฌฌไธ€ๅฑค ๏ผˆ้’ๆ„Ÿๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ Br 7ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€
ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 0.29 ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.80 ใ‚ค ใ‚ง ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ E x Y ) 0.60 ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d - 1 ) 0.28 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V โ€” 3 ) 0.01 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V โ€” 4 ) 0.03 ็ฌฌไบŒๅฑค ๏ผˆๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 0.80 ๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d โ€” 2 ) 0.055 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V โ€” 1 ) 0.03 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V - 2 ) 0.15 ็ฌฌไธ‰ๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ท‘ๆ„Ÿๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆAgBr 0.7ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“ใ€
ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ฃ ใ‚บ 0,45ๅฟ๏ผ‰ 0.18 ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.86 ใƒžใ‚ผ ใƒณใ‚ฟ ใ‚ซ ใƒ–ใƒฉ ใƒผ ๏ผˆ E x M ) 0.27 ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d โ€” 3 ) 0.17 ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d โ€” 4 ) 0.10 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V - 1 ) 0.2 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V - 2 ) 0.03 - 1
5
162
็ฌฌๅ››ๅฑค ๏ผˆๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.70 ๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d โ€” 2 ) 0.065 ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ U V - 1 ) 0.45 ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ U Vโ€” 2 ) 0.23 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V - 1 ) 0.05 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V โ€” 2 ) 0.05 ็ฌฌไบ”ๅฑค ๏ผˆ่ตคๆ„Ÿๅฑค๏ผ‰
ๅ‰่ฟฐใฎๅกฉ่‡ญๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰ค ๏ผˆAgBr 4ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…ใ€ ็ซ‹ๆ–นไฝ“
10 ๅนณๅ‡็ฒ’ๅญใ‚ตใ‚ค ใ‚บ 0.5 ๏ผ‰ 0.21 ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 1.80 ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ E x Cโ€” 1 ) 0.26 ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ ๏ผˆ E x Cโ€” 2 ) 0.12 ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d - 1 ) 0.20 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V _ 1 ) 0.16 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V - 2 ) 0.09 ็™บ่‰ฒไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ C p d โ€” 5 ) 0.15 ็ฌฌๅ…ญๅฑค ๏ผˆ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅฑค๏ผ‰
ใ‚ผใƒฉใƒ ใƒณ 0.70
20 ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ U V - 1 ) 0.26 ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค ๏ผˆ U V - 2 ) 0.07 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V โ€” 1 ) 0.30 ๆบถๅช’ ๏ผˆ S 0 1 V โ€” 2 ) 0.09 ็ฌฌไธƒๅฑค ๏ผˆไฟ่ญทๅฑค๏ผ‰
25 ใ‚ผใƒฉ ใƒ ใƒณ 1.0' ( E x Y ) ใ‚ค ใ‚ง ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ
o โ€” ใƒ”ใƒŽ ใƒช ใƒŽใƒฌ ไธ€ o โ€” ( 3 ^ใƒณใ‚ธใƒซ ใƒผ 1 โ€” ใƒ’ใƒ€ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใ‚ค ไบŒ ใƒŽใƒฌ ๏ผ‰
โ€” 2 โ€”ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ๅฃ ไธ€ 5 โ€” ( ฮฒ - ( ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ–ใƒ ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€• ใ‚กใ‚ป ใƒˆ ใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒช ใƒ‰
( ฮ• ฯ‡ ฮœ ) ใƒžใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟ ใ‚ซ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒผ
7 โ€”ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒญ ใƒผ 6 โ€”ใ‚ค ใ‚ฝ ใƒ–ใƒญ ใƒ“ใƒซไธ€ 3 โ€” { 3 โ€” ใ€” ๏ผˆ 2 โ€”ใƒ– ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 5 โ€” ter tโ€”ใ‚ฉ ใ‚ฏ ใƒใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒ‹ใƒซใ€• ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒซ } ไธ€ 1 Hโ€”ใƒ”ใƒฉ ใ‚พๅฃ ใ€”5.1 โ€” Cใ€• ไธ€ 1 , 2 , 4- ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ก ใ‚พ ไธ€ใƒซ
( E x Cโ€” 1 ) ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซ ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผ
2 ฮชใƒณใ‚ฟ ใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ฉ ๅฃในใƒณใ‚บใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใƒผ 4 โ€”ใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ๅฃ ไธ€ 5 ใ€” 2 โ€”
(2๏ผŒ 4โ€”ใ‚ธไธ€ ter tโ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒซใƒ•ใ‚จใƒŽ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ท๏ผ‰ ไธ€ 3 โ€” ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒ–ใƒ ใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใƒ• ใƒฑ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ
( E x Cโ€” 2 ) ใ‚ทใ‚ข ใƒณใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒฉใƒผ
2, 4 -ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ ใƒญ ใƒญ ใƒผ 3 โ€”ใƒก ใƒใƒซไธ€ 6 โ€” ใ€” -- (2,4โ€” ใ‚ธใƒผ tertโ€” ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒซใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒŽ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ท๏ผ‰ ใƒ–ใƒใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ใ€• ใƒ• ใ‚จ ใƒŽ ใƒผใƒซ
( C p d - 1 ) ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค
CO HC4H9 (n) ๅนณๅ‡ๅˆ†ๅญ้‡ 80, 000 ( C p d - 2 ) ๆทท่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค
2 , 5 -ใ‚ธใƒผ ter tโ€”ใ‚ฉ ใ‚ฏ ใƒใƒŽใƒฌใƒŽใƒฝใ‚ฃ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใƒŽ ใƒณ
( C p d - 3 ) ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค
7,7 ' ใƒผ ใ‚ธ ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 4 , 4 , 4' , 4'โ€”ใƒ† ใƒˆ ใƒฉ ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 2 , 2' โ€”'ใ‚น ใƒ”ใƒญ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใƒž ใƒณ
( C p d - 4 ) ่คช่‰ฒ้˜ฒๆญขๅ‰ค Nโ€” ๏ผˆ 4 ใƒผ ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ฉใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒ•ใ‚จ ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ไธ€ใƒขใƒซใƒ› ใƒช ใƒณ
( C p d - 5 ) ็™บ่‰ฒไฟƒ้€ฒๅ‰ค
P - ( p โ€” ใƒˆ ใƒซใ‚จ ใƒณใ‚นใƒซใƒ› ใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰๏ผ‰ ใƒ• ใ‚จ ไบŒใƒซใƒผ ใƒ‰ใƒ‡ใ‚ซ ใƒณ ( S 0 1 V - 1 ) ๆบถๅช’
ใ‚ธ ๏ผˆ 2โ€”ใ‚งใƒใƒซใธใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ
C S 0 1 V - 2 ) ๆบถๅช’
ใ‚ธใƒ–ใƒใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ
( S 0 1 V - 3 ) ๆบถๅช’
ใ‚ธ ๏ผˆ i โ€” ใƒŽ ใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ•ใ‚ฟ ใƒฌใƒผ ใƒˆ
( S 0 1 V - 4 ) ๆบถๅช’
N , N -ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒใƒซใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒ‰ไธ€ใƒก ใƒˆ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒผ 2 , 4-ใ‚ธไธ€ t โ€” ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใ‚พใƒฌใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ผใƒณ
( U V - 1 ) ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค
2 โ€• ( 2 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 3 , 5-ใ‚ธไธ€ ter tโ€”ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒซใƒ• ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ™ ใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ
( U V - 2 ) ็ดซๅค–็ทšๅธๅŽๅ‰ค
2 โ€” ( 2 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญใ‚ญ ใ‚ทไธ€ 3 , 5-ใ‚ธไธ€ er tโ€” ใƒ–ใƒใƒซใƒ• ใ‚จใƒ‹ใƒซ๏ผ‰ ใƒ™ใƒณใ‚พ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ขใ‚พไธ€ใƒซ .
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ใซๆ„Ÿๅ…‰่จˆ ๏ผˆๅฏŒๅฃซ ็œŸใƒ• ใ‚ฃ ใƒซใƒ ๆ ชๅผไผš็คพ่ฃฝ F W H ๅž‹๏ผ‰ ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ€ ้ป’็™ฝ้œฒๅ…‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ€‚
ใใ—ใฆในไธ€ใƒใƒผๅ‡ฆ็†ๆฉŸใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 0 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใช่ฉฆ้จ“ ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚
็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 12ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 12ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจ ใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ็”ŸๆˆใŒใŠใ“ ใ‚‰ใšๆถฒ ฮด ฮด
165
ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใŒๅ„ชใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใคๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆDm i nใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ–ใƒช ๏ผ‰ ใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ• ใ‚‰ใซใ“ใฎ ็ตๆžœใฏใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ้ซ˜้›ปไฝใฎ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰นใซ้ก•่‘—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจไบŒไธ„ 2โ€”
0
Figure imgf000167_0001
ใๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„กใฎ่ฉ•ไพก >
ใ€‡ ๏ผš ็›ฎ่ฆ–ใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใชใ—
ฮ” ๏ผš ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
0 X ๏ผš ๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X X ๏ผš ๆฅตใ‚ใฆๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
ๆณจ๏ผ‰ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰ค โ‘  ใ‚จ ใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ m ) ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒข ใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ 
โ‘ก 1 3 -ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ” ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆ ฮ™ฮ  ) ใ‚กใƒณ ใƒข ใƒ‹ ใ‚ฅ ใƒ 
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 7 ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 6ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ B - 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ B - 5ใ€ B โ€”23ใ€ B ไธ€ 26ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ B โ€”49ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 6 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใช ใคใŸใ€‚
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 6 ใจๅŒใ˜ ใใ€ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซ ใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ ใŒ็”Ÿๆˆใ›ใšใ€ ใ‹ใคๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒช ใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ“ใฎ็ตๆžœใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใซ้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰นใซ้ก•่‘—ใซใฟใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 8
็‰น้–‹ๅนณ 2-90151 ใฎๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 ใฎ่ฉฆๆ–™ 2 0 1 ใฎๅฆ‚ใไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸๆ’ฎๅฝฑ ็”จๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅƒๆง˜้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ไธ‹่จ˜ๅ‡ฆ็†ๅทฅ็จ‹ใซใฆๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ใฎ ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ใฎ 2ๅ€่ฃœๅ……ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ ้€ฃ็ถšๅ‡ฆ็† ๏ผˆ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ†ใ‚น ใƒˆ ๏ผ‰ ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
ๅ‡ฆ ็† ๅทฅ ็จ‹
ๅทฅ็จ‹ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆธฉๅบฆ ่ฃœๅ……้‡" ใ‚ฟ ใƒณใ‚ฏๅฎน้‡ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒ 3ๅˆ† 15็ง’ 38.0 23JBยฃ 15 i ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ 2ๅˆ† 30็ง’ 38.0ใฆ 20fl?i 5 ๆฐด ๆด— (1) 30็ง’ 38.0- 3 ยฃ ๆฐด ๆด— (2) 20็ง’ 38.0'C 34 3 ฯ‹ ๅฎ‰ ๅฎš 20็ง’ 38.0ใฆ 20 3 ยฃ ไนพ ็‡ฅ 1ๅˆ† 5ฮด
* ่ฃœๅ……้‡ใฏ 35mmๅทพ 1 mๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใฎ้‡
ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐดใฏ (2)ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผˆ1)ใธใฎๅ‘ๆตๆ–นๅผ
ๅฐšใ€ ็พๅƒๆถฒใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅทฅ็จ‹ใธใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ้‡ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๆถฒใฎๅฎš็€ๅทฅ็จ‹ใธ ใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ้‡ใ€ ๅŠใณๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎๆฐดๆด—ๅทฅ็จ‹ใธใฎๆŒใก่พผใฟ้‡ใฏ 35่…ฟๅทพ ใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ 1 m้•ทใ•ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ 2.5mยฃใ€ 2.0 ใ€ 2.0 ใง ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚นใ‚ชใƒผใƒไธ€ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ„ใฅใ‚Œใ‚‚ 5็ง’ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏๅ‰ๅทฅ็จ‹ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚้–“ใซๅŒ…ๅซใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไปฅไธ‹ใซๅ‡ฆ็†ๆถฒใฎ็ต„ๆˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€‚
(็พๅƒๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏ ๆถฒ^ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ (g) ใ‚ธใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณไบ”้…ข้…ธ 2.0 2.2 1 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒ ใƒช ใƒ‡ใƒณใƒผ
1 , 1 -ใ‚ธใƒ›ใ‚นใƒ› ใƒณ้…ธ 3.3 3.3 ไบœ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  3.9 5.2 ็‚ญ้…ธๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  37.5 39.0 ่‡ญๅŒ–ๅŠ› ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  1.4 0.4 ใƒจ ใ‚ฆๅŒ–ใ‚ซ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  1.3mg
ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ 2.4 3.3
2 ใƒก ใƒใƒซใƒผ 4 ไธ€ ใ€” Nโ€”ใ‚งใƒใ‚ฏใƒฌใƒผ
Nโ€” ๏ผˆ /5 โ€” ใƒ’ ใƒ‰ ใƒญ ใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒใƒซ๏ผ‰
ใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒŽ ใ€• ใ‚กใƒ‹ ใƒช ใƒณ็กซ้…ธๅกฉ 4.5 6.1 ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ 1.0 ยฃ
PH 10.05 10.15 ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒ๏ผ‰
ๆฏ ๆถฒ (g) ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒ (g) ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  ๏ผˆ700g/ ยฃ ) 280 ฮญ 560 id ๅˆใฏๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ 2.64ฮฏ)1 ไบœ็กซ้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  40.0 80.0 1 , 3-ใƒ—ใƒญ ใƒ”ใƒฌ ใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ ็ฌฌไบŒ้‰„ใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ไธ€ๆฐดๅกฉ 144.0 288.0 ่‡ญๅŒ–ใ‚กใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  40.0 80.0 ็ก้…ธใ‚ก ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅ ใƒ  20.0 40.0 ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ 1.0 ยฃ pH ( 25 ) 5.8 5.6
(้…ข้…ธๅŠใณใ‚ข ใƒณใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ขๆฐดใซใฆ่ชฟๆ•ด๏ผ‰
(ๆฐดๆด—ๆฐด๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒใ€ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒๅ…ฑ้€š
ๆฐด้“ๆฐดใ‚’ Hๅž‹ๅผท้…ธๆ€งใ‚ซ ใƒใ‚ฉ ใƒณไบคๆ›ๆจน่„‚ ๏ผˆใƒญใƒผใƒ ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒ‰ใƒใƒผใ‚น ็คพ่ฃฝใ‚ข ใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฉ ใ‚ค ใƒˆ IR-120B) ใจใ€ 0 Hๅž‹ๅผทๅกฉๅŸบๆ€งใ‚กใƒ‹ใ‚ช ใƒณไบคๆ› ๆจน่„‚ ๏ผˆๅŒใ‚ข ใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฉใ‚ค ใƒˆ IRA- 400)ใ‚’ๅ……ๅกกใ—ใŸๆททๅบŠๅผใ‚ซ ใƒฉ ใƒ ใซ้€š ๆฐดใ—ใฆใ‚ซใƒซใ‚ทใ‚ฅใƒ ๅŠใณใƒžใ‚ฐใƒใ‚ทใ‚ฅ ใƒ ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใƒณๆฟƒๅบฆใ‚’ 3 mg/ ยฃไปฅไธ‹ ใซๅ‡ฆ็†ใ—ใ€ ็ถšใ„ใฆไบŒๅกฉๅŒ–ใ‚ค ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ทใ‚กใƒŒใƒผใƒซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆ ใƒ  201ยพใƒŽ ฮฏ ใจ็กซ้…ธใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฆใƒ  150mg/ ยฃใ‚’ๆทปๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎๆถฒใฎ pHใฏ 6.5โ€” 7.5ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซใ‚ใคใŸใ€‚
(ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆถฒ๏ผ‰ ๆฏๆถฒใ€ ่ฃœๅ……ๆถฒๅ…ฑ้€š (ๅ˜ไฝ g ) ใƒ›ใƒซใƒž ใƒช ใƒณ ๏ผˆ 37% ) 2.0 roi ใƒ ใƒช ใ‚ชใ‚ญ ใ‚ทใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณไธ€ P โ€”ใƒขใƒŽ ใƒŽ ใƒ‹ใƒซ
ใƒ• ใƒฑ ใƒ‹ใƒซใ‚จใƒผใƒ†ใƒซ ๏ผˆๅนณๅ‡้‡ๅˆๅบฆ 1 0 ) 0.3 ใ‚จใƒ ใƒฌ ใƒณ ใ‚ธใ‚ก ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธใƒ‹ใƒŠ ใƒˆ ใƒช ใ‚ฅ ใƒ ๅกฉ 0.05 ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ 1.0 ยฃ PH 5.8 - 8.0
ใƒฉ ใƒณไบŒใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†็ต‚ไบ†ๅพŒใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใ€ ๆฐดๆด— (1)ๆตดไธญใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ็‰ฉใฎ ๆœ‰็„กใ‚’็›ฎ่ฆ–ใง่ชฟในใŸใ€‚
ๅˆใ€ ๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎใƒžใ‚ผ ใƒณใ‚ฟใฎ้€้Žๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆDmin) ใ‚’ X _ ri teๆฟƒๅบฆ ่จˆใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจไธ€ 13ใซ็คบใ™ c ่กจไธ€ 13ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใซไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ— ใฆ็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ้ซ˜ใ„้…ธๅŒ–้‚„ๅ…ƒ้›ปไฝใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจใฎๅ…ฑๅญ˜ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ ใƒฉ ใƒณใƒ‹ ใƒณใ‚ฐๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ™‚ใซใ‚‚ๆฒˆๆฎฟ็”ŸๆˆใŒใŠใ“ ใ‚‰ใšๆถฒๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€งใŒๅ„ชใ‚ŒใฆใŠ ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‹ใคๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฟƒๅบฆ ๏ผˆDm i nใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒช ๏ผ‰ ใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„่‰ฏๅฅฝใช ็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจไธ€ 1 3
Figure imgf000171_0001
ใๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„กใฎ่ฉ•ไพก >
ใ€‡ ๏ผš ็›ฎ่ฆ–ใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใชใ—
ฮ” ๏ผš ๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X ๏ผš ๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X X ๏ผš ๆฅตใ‚ใฆๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ "
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 9
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 8 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ’ โ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ฮ’ โ€” 5ใ€ ฮ’ - 23. ฮ’ - 4 1 ใพใŸใฏ ฮ’ โ€” 67ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 8 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใช ใคใŸใ€‚
ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 8 ใจๅŒๆง˜ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆ่‰ฏ ๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 0
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 2 8ใงๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดไธญใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค ๏ผˆๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ๏ผ‰ ใฎๆฟƒ ๅบฆใ‚’ 0.02ใ€ 0.08ใ€ 0.5 ใ€ 1.2 ใ€ 1.5 ใƒขใƒซ Zยฃใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œไปฃใˆใฆ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 9 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใช่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใชใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅˆๆœช้œฒๅ…‰้ƒจใฎๆฎ‹ๅญ˜้Š€้‡ใ‚’ใ‚ฑ ใ‚ฃๅ…‰ X็ทšๅˆ†ๅœป่ฃ…็ฝฎใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆๆธฌๅฎšใ—ใŸใ€‚
ไฝ†ใ—ใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆใฏใ‚จใƒใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ‚ข ใƒŸ ใƒณๅ››้…ข้…ธ้‰„ ๏ผˆm) ใ‚ข ใƒณ ใƒขใƒ‹ใ‚ฅใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟ่ชฟในใŸใ€‚ ็ตๆžœใ‚’่กจโ€”14ใซ็คบใ™ใ€‚ ่กจไธ€ 14ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎไฝฟ็”จๆฟƒๅบฆใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่กจ ZJLA-
โ€” ใๆฒˆๆฎฟใฎๆœ‰็„กใฎ่ฉ•ไพก > ใ€‡๏ผš ็›ฎ่ฆ–ใงๆฒˆๆฎฟใชใ— ฮ”๏ผšๅฐ‘้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X ๏ผšๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
X ๏ผšๆฅตใ‚ใฆๅคš้‡ใฎๆฒˆๆฎฟ
Figure imgf000173_0001
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 1
ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 0 ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Bโ€” 1 ใ‚’ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ Bโ€” 5ใ€ B - 23. B - 41 ใพใŸใฏ Bโ€”67ใซใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒไปฃใˆใฆๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 0 ใจๅŒๆง˜ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’่กŒใช ใคใŸใ€‚
5 ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ๅฎŸๆ–ฝไพ‹ 3 0 ใจๅŒใ˜ ใใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜ŽใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใฎ
ไฝฟ็”จๆฟƒๅบฆใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ่‰ฏๅฅฝใช็ตๆžœใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
Figure imgf000174_0001
็”ฃๆฅญไธŠใฎๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€ง
ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆ ฮ  ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ ็‰ฉๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ๅŠใณ้ป’ 0ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€ๅ‰ค 10 ใจใ—ใฆ็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆนฟ็†ฑ็ตŒๆ™‚ๆกไปถไธ‹ใงใ‚‚ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃ ใƒณใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„
ใ‹ใค่„ฑ้Š€ๆ€ง ๏ผˆๅฎš็€ๆ€ง๏ผ‰ ใฎ่‰ฏๅฅฝใชๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใพใŸใ€ ๆœฌ็™บๆ˜Žใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ m ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆ IV ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผๅฐ็”ป็ด™ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใจๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ 0. 1ใƒขใƒซ/ ยฃไปฅไธŠใฎๆฟƒๅบฆใง็”จใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใฎๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€ง ๏ผˆ็‰นใซ็กซๅŒ–ใซใ‚ˆ 15 ใ‚‹ๆฒˆๆฎฟใ‚’็”Ÿใ˜ใชใ„๏ผ‰ ใ‚’ๆ”น่‰ฏใ—ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใจๅ…ฑใซๆผ‚็™ฝใ‚ซใƒ—ใƒช ใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„่‰ฏ
ๅฅฝใชๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚

Claims

173
่ซ‹ ๆฑ‚ ใฎ ็ฏ„
1) ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1ๅฑคใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ็พๅƒๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใŒไธ‹่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใฎๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉ ใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎใ‚’ๅซๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™
Z U
็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นไธ€ - ยฉๆณ•ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) Y
A &
10
(ๅผไธญใ€ Xใฏ NใพใŸใฏ Cไธ€ R,ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ YใŠใ‚ˆใณ Zใฏ 0ใ€ Sใ€
Nใ€ Nโ€” R2ใพใŸใฏ Cไธ€ R3ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Uใฏ 0ใ€ SใพใŸใฏ Nโ€” ใ‚’
ฮ˜
่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ ฮ‘ ใ€‡ ใฏไธ€ 0 ใ€‡ ใ€ โ€”S S ใพใŸใฏไธ€ N Rใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ R,ใ€ R2
R3ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R4ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็•ฐใคใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใ ~f T"^r R' ใ‚’
nใฏ ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ใƒ‹ใƒซๅŸบ ใƒœ ใƒณ้…ธ ๏ผ‰
Figure imgf000175_0001
ๅผ ๏ผˆ ฮ  ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸ
ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ( D )
Figure imgf000176_0001
(ๅผไธญใ€ X ' ใฏ NใพใŸใฏ Cโ€” Rsใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Y ' ใฏ 0ใ€ Sใ€ N - ใƒž
R 6ใพใŸใฏ Nโ€” N ใ€ ใ‚’่กจ: ฮ  R5ใ€ R, 8ใƒฝ k 9ใŠใ‚ˆ ใ€ R
ใƒฝ 1 ใฏๅŒไธ€ใงใ‚‚็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใๅ„ใ€…็ฝฎๆ›ใ‚‚ใ— ใ ใฏ็„ก็ฝฎๆ›ใฎ็‚ญ็ด 
ๆ•ฐ 1 ใ€œ 6 ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ ใ“ ใ“ใง R5ใ€ R6. R7ใ€ RBใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆ
ใณ ใฏๆฐด็ด ๅŽŸๅญใงใ‚ใคใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆ ใใ€ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ B5ใ€ R6ใ€ R๏ผŒใ€ R8ใ€ 9
ใŠใ‚ˆใณ R,ใ€‚ ใฎใ† ใกใฎๅฐ‘ใ ใจใ‚‚ไธ€ใคใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใฏๅฐ‘ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1 ใค
ใฎใ‚ซใƒซใƒœใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒซใƒ›ใƒณ้…ธๅŸบใง็ฝฎๆ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ™
ใ‚‹ใ€‚
3) ๅ‰่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆ E ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅฎš
็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใธใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ 1 X 10โ€” 5ใ€œ 10ใƒขใƒซ/ ยฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚
้ … 1 ใพใŸใฏ 2 ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
4) ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ไธญใฎใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ็ต„ๆˆ ใ€ . ใŒ AgBr I ( I โ‰ฅ 2ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…) ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅ‰่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใพใŸ
ใฏ ๏ผˆ H ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใˆใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ
0.5 ใ€œ 2 ใƒขใƒซ Z ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 ใพใŸใฏ 2ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–
้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
5) ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ไธญใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณ็ต„ๆˆ
ๅŠ› AgBr, AgBrCi. ใพใŸใฏ้ซ˜ๅกฉๅŒ–้Š€ ๏ผˆAgCf โ‰ฅ80ใƒขใƒซ๏ผ…) ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใพใŸใฏ ๏ผˆ ฮ  ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ ใ‚‹ๆตดใˆใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ 0. 1ใ€œ 1 ใƒขใƒซใƒŽ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 ใพใŸใฏ 2 ใซ ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
6) ๅ‰่จ˜ๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใŒใƒใ‚ฉ็กซ้…ธๅกฉใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซๅซๆœ‰ใ—ใช ใ„่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 ใพใŸใฏ 2 ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็† ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
7) ๅ‰่จ˜ๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๆตดใŒๅฎš็€ๆตดใพใŸใฏๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 ใพใŸใฏ 2ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–น ๆณ•ใ€‚
8) ใƒ ฯ€ใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใคใฆใ€ ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 1 ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎ่ˆๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎš็€่ƒฝใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใ€‚
9) ๆ”ฏๆŒไฝ“ไธŠใซๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1ๅฑคใฎๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆ€งใƒๅฃใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ไนณๅ‰คๅฑค ใ‚’ๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซ ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’้œฒๅ…‰ๅพŒใ€ ็™บ่‰ฒ็พๅƒใ€ ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ่ฉฒๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆตดใŒใ€ ๅฐ‘ใช ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎใฎใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ 0. 1ใƒขใƒซ/ ไปฅไธŠ ่ˆใฟใ€ ใ‹ใคไป–ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆใพใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ ใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ…ผๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
10) ๅ‰่จ˜ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒไธ‹่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ m ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 9 ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ I )
M ฮ˜ ) Af ใ€‡ ๅผไธญ Mใฏใ€ ็‚ญ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ็ช’็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ้…ธ็ด ๅŽŸๅญใ€ ็กซ้ป„ๅŽŸๅญใพใŸใฏ 176
ใ‚ป ใƒฌ ใƒณๅŽŸๅญใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 5 ใพใŸใฏ 6 ๅ“ก็’ฐใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ A , ใฏ ใƒผ0 ใ€‡ ใ€ โ€” S ใ€‡ ใพใŸใฏไธ€ NRHใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ญใƒซๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ทใ‚ฏ ใƒญใ‚ขใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ญใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ฑใƒ‹ใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ญใƒ‹ใƒŽใƒฌๅŸบใ€ ใ‚ก ใƒฉใƒŽใƒฌใ‚ญใƒซ- ๅŸบใ€ ใ‚กใƒชใƒผใƒซๅŸบใพใŸใฏใธใƒ†ใƒญ็’ฐๅŸบใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ™ใ€‚
11) ๅ‰่จ˜ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ EI ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒไธ‹่จ˜ ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ IV) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 10ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญ ใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ› ใƒฉไธ€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
ไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ IV)
-Xโ€” ,
ไธ€ใƒฝ\
(
10 ใ€ใ€ฮ˜ s ยฉ ๅผไธญใ€ X ,ใฏ ฮใพใŸใฏ C ไธ€ ฮฒ , 3 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Y ,ใฏ 0ใ€ Sใ€ NใพใŸ ใฏ N โ€” Rl 4 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ใ—ใ€ Zใฏ N , N -Rl 5 ใพใŸใฏ Cไธ€ Rl 6 ใ‚’่กจใ‚ ใ™ใ€‚
Figure imgf000178_0001
ฮด
177
ๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
13) ๅ‰่จ˜ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใˆใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ 1 X 10ไธ€' ใƒขใƒซ / ยฃไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 9ใ€œ 11ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใฎ้ …ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ ฮŸใƒใƒญ ใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
14) ๅ‰่จ˜ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใˆใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ 2 X 1 0โ€” ' ใƒขใƒซ/ใถไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 9ใ€œ11ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใฎ้ …ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญ ใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ›ใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
15) ๅ‰่จ˜ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€ๆถฒใˆใฎๆทปๅŠ ้‡ใŒ 2 X 10โ€” 1 ใ€œ 3 ใƒขใƒซ / ใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 9 ใ€œ๏ผš 11ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผ 0 ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚
16) ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅŠ› ใƒฉใƒผๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉ ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ ใจใ‚‚ 1็จฎใฎใƒก ใ‚ฝใ‚ค ใ‚ช ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใจใ—ใฆ 0. 1ใƒขใƒซ/ ไปฅไธŠ่ˆใฟใ€ ไป–ใฎๅฎš็€ๅ‰คใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซ่ˆใพใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ ็‰นๅพดใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใ€‚
5 17) ๅ‰่จ˜ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 10ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ IE ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 16ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใ€‚
18) ๅ‰่จ˜ใƒก ใ‚ฝ ใ‚ฃ ใ‚ฉ ใƒณๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใŒ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 11ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌๅผ ๏ผˆ IV ) ใง่กจใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅˆ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ซ‹ๆฑ‚้ … 16ใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใฎๆผ‚็™ฝๅฎš็€็ต„ๆˆ็‰ฉใ€‚ 0
PCT/JP1990/001574 1989-12-04 1990-12-04 Process for treating silver halide photographic meterial and composition therefor WO1991008517A1 (en)

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DE69032164T DE69032164T2 (de) 1989-12-04 1990-12-04 Verfahren und zusammensetzung zum behandeln von photographischem silberhalogenidmaterial
US07/741,426 US5401621A (en) 1989-12-04 1990-12-04 Method of fixing and bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic material using mesoionic compounds
EP90917532A EP0496887B1 (en) 1989-12-04 1990-12-04 Process for treating silver halide photographic meterial and composition therefor

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JP1/314974 1989-12-04
JP31497489 1989-12-04
JP20443090A JP2618743B2 (ja) 1989-12-04 1990-08-01 ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒผๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•
JP2/204430 1990-08-01
JP2/206070 1990-08-03
JP2206070A JP2775518B2 (ja) 1989-12-04 1990-08-03 ใƒใƒญใ‚ฒใƒณๅŒ–้Š€ๅ†™็œŸๆ„Ÿๅ…‰ๆๆ–™ใฎๅ‡ฆ็†ๆ–นๆณ•

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, โ€  Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5401621A (en) * 1989-12-04 1995-03-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of fixing and bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic material using mesoionic compounds
US5427896A (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-06-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing color photographic material

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JP5718867B2 (ja) * 2012-09-14 2015-05-13 ๅ›ฝ็ซ‹ๅคงๅญฆๆณ•ไบบ ๅๅคๅฑ‹ๅทฅๆฅญๅคงๅญฆ ใƒชใƒใ‚ฆใƒ ้›ปๆฑ ็”จ้›ป่งฃๆถฒๅŠใณใใฎ่ฃฝ้€ ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ไธฆใณใซๅฝ“่ฉฒใƒชใƒใ‚ฆใƒ ้›ปๆฑ ็”จ้›ป่งฃๆถฒใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใ‚‹ใƒชใƒใ‚ฆใƒ ้›ปๆฑ 

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US5401621A (en) * 1989-12-04 1995-03-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of fixing and bleach-fixing a silver halide photographic material using mesoionic compounds
US5427896A (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-06-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for processing color photographic material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0496887A4 (en) 1992-01-17
US5401621A (en) 1995-03-28
DE69032164T2 (de) 1998-07-02
DE69032164D1 (de) 1998-04-23
EP0496887B1 (en) 1998-03-18
EP0496887A1 (en) 1992-08-05

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