US20130196030A1 - Dairy Products With Added Dairy Minerals And Methods Of Producing The Same - Google Patents

Dairy Products With Added Dairy Minerals And Methods Of Producing The Same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130196030A1
US20130196030A1 US13/570,808 US201213570808A US2013196030A1 US 20130196030 A1 US20130196030 A1 US 20130196030A1 US 201213570808 A US201213570808 A US 201213570808A US 2013196030 A1 US2013196030 A1 US 2013196030A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dairy
protein
minerals
cheese
per
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Abandoned
Application number
US13/570,808
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English (en)
Inventor
Anthony William Criezis
Bruce Edward Campbell
Lisa Ann Dierbach
Timothy David Knight
Hui-Chen Li
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Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
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Individual
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Priority to US13/570,808 priority Critical patent/US20130196030A1/en
Assigned to KRAFT FOODS GLOBAL BRANDS LLC reassignment KRAFT FOODS GLOBAL BRANDS LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CAMPBELL, BRUCE EDWARD, CRIEZIS, ANTHONY WILLIAM, DIERBACH, LISA ANN, LI, HUI-CHEN, KNIGHT, Timothy David
Assigned to KRAFT FOODS GROUP BRANDS LLC reassignment KRAFT FOODS GROUP BRANDS LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRAFT FOODS GLOBAL BRANDS LLC
Priority to CA2862973A priority patent/CA2862973C/en
Priority to DK13703984.8T priority patent/DK2809169T3/da
Priority to PL13703984T priority patent/PL2809169T3/pl
Priority to CN201380017726.XA priority patent/CN104302186A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2013/024309 priority patent/WO2013116621A1/en
Priority to KR1020197030623A priority patent/KR102162431B1/ko
Priority to PT13703984T priority patent/PT2809169T/pt
Priority to MX2014009424A priority patent/MX357159B/es
Priority to KR1020147023976A priority patent/KR102258748B1/ko
Priority to NZ627999A priority patent/NZ627999A/en
Priority to AU2013214962A priority patent/AU2013214962B2/en
Priority to JP2014555739A priority patent/JP6228138B2/ja
Priority to EP13703984.8A priority patent/EP2809169B1/en
Priority to US14/376,327 priority patent/US20140377412A1/en
Priority to BR112014018665A priority patent/BR112014018665B1/pt
Priority to ES13703984T priority patent/ES2731753T3/es
Priority to RU2014131596A priority patent/RU2658763C2/ru
Publication of US20130196030A1 publication Critical patent/US20130196030A1/en
Priority to PH12014501652A priority patent/PH12014501652A1/en
Priority to ZA2014/05702A priority patent/ZA201405702B/en
Priority to AU2017200630A priority patent/AU2017200630B2/en
Priority to JP2017198880A priority patent/JP6735262B2/ja
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
    • A23C9/142—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration
    • A23C9/1422—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration by ultrafiltration, microfiltration or diafiltration of milk, e.g. for separating protein and lactose; Treatment of the UF permeate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C13/00—Cream; Cream preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C13/12—Cream preparations
    • A23C13/14—Cream preparations containing milk products or non-fat milk components
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
    • A23C19/068—Particular types of cheese
    • A23C19/08—Process cheese preparations; Making thereof, e.g. melting, emulsifying, sterilizing
    • A23C19/082—Adding substances to the curd before or during melting; Melting salts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
    • A23C19/068—Particular types of cheese
    • A23C19/08—Process cheese preparations; Making thereof, e.g. melting, emulsifying, sterilizing
    • A23C19/084—Treating the curd, or adding substances thereto, after melting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
    • A23C9/142—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/15—Reconstituted or recombined milk products containing neither non-milk fat nor non-milk proteins
    • A23C9/1516—Enrichment or recombination of milk (excepted whey) with milk fat, cream of butter without using isolated or concentrated milk proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
    • A23C9/1522—Inorganic additives, e.g. minerals, trace elements; Chlorination or fluoridation of milk; Organic salts or complexes of metals other than natrium or kalium; Calcium enrichment of milk

Definitions

  • the field relates to dairy products, and more specifically, to dairy products including added dairy minerals, such as cream cheese, processed cheese, and cultured dairy products, and methods for producing the same.
  • dairy starting materials are subjected to a variety of treatments that can adversely affect the flavor of the end products.
  • Processes for making cream cheese or other cultured cheese products often include a concentration step in which certain components of the milk are removed.
  • cream cheese is a soft, mild acid-coagulated uncured cheese typically made from a mixture of cream and milk.
  • curd is separated from liquid whey by centrifugation or other technique. Minerals and other components from the dairy starting materials are lost in the liquid whey.
  • Other treatments often used in cheese-making processes include thermal processing steps to increase their stability and to render them microbiologically safe.
  • Thermal treatment of dairy materials such as milk, cream, dairy protein sources, and other dairy fat sources often used in cheese-making processes, can result in development of off flavors.
  • the off flavors include “cooked milk” type flavors which lead to loss of fresh milk impression. Heating milk to high temperatures can result in an unsightly brown color due to Maillard reactions between the lactose and proteins in the milk.
  • Processed cheeses are typically prepared by forming a blend of one or more comminute natural cheeses and/or other dairy fat and protein sources.
  • Process cheese is conventionally prepared by grinding and/or mixing while heating one or more varieties of milk-fat containing natural cheeses, such as, for example, Cheddar cheese, Colby cheese, Swiss cheese, Brick cheese, Muenster cheese, pasta filata cheese, washed curd, and granular curd cheese.
  • Various additives such as whey or emulsifying salts, may also be included.
  • the processed cheeses are typically produced by heating, melting, and mixing the ingredients to form a homogenous, emulsified molten mass. The mass is then cooled and solidified to form the processed cheese.
  • dairy minerals refers to minerals or mineral-containing ions naturally found in dairy liquids, such as cow's milk.
  • dairy minerals include, for example, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate ions.
  • a dairy product fortified with dairy minerals comprising a dairy base and dairy minerals.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount effective to provide a particular ratio of minerals to protein in the cheese product.
  • the ratios of minerals to protein include the total amount of minerals and total amount of protein in the cheese product (i.e., including those coming from all ingredients of the dairy product as well as the added minerals).
  • the dairy product is cream cheese or processed cheese.
  • the dairy base comprises at least one of milk, cream, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, milk fat, and cheese.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0184 mg to about 0.0191 mg potassium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0187 mg to about 0.0191 mg potassium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0188 mg to about 0.0191 mg potassium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0046 mg to about 0.0058 mg magnesium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0051 mg to about 0.0058 mg magnesium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0053 to about 0.0058 mg magnesium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0709 mg to about 0.0896 mg calcium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0783 mg to about 0.0896 mg calcium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0821 to about 0.0896 mg calcium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.1445 mg to about 0.1772 mg phosphate per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.1576 mg to about 0.1772 mg phosphate per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.1641 to about 0.1772 mg phosphate per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with at least two of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with at least three of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In yet another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with all of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the described amounts.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0204 mg to about 0.0212 mg potassium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0207 mg to about 0.0212 mg potassium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0209 mg to about 0.0212 mg potassium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in cream cheese in an amount of about 0.0024 mg to about 0.0038 mg magnesium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0030 mg to about 0.0038 mg magnesium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0036 to about 0.0038 mg magnesium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in cream cheese in an amount of about 0.0282 mg to about 0.0505 mg calcium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0348 mg to about 0.0505 mg calcium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0397 to about 0.0505 mg calcium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in cream cheese in an amount of about 0.0608 mg to about 0.0937 mg phosphate per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0762 mg to about 0.0937 mg phosphate per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0918 to about 0.0937 mg phosphate per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the cream cheese with at least two of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the cream cheese with at least three of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In yet another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the cream cheese with all of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the described amounts.
  • a method of preparing a dairy product fortified with dairy minerals generally comprises adding a dairy mineral composition to a dairy component in an amount effective to provide a final dairy product comprising dairy minerals in specific amounts relative to the protein content.
  • the dairy mineral composition includes at least two of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.
  • the dairy mineral composition includes at least three of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.
  • the dairy mineral composition comprises potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.
  • the dairy product is selected from the group consisting of cream cheese and processed cheese and the dairy base comprises at least one of milk, cream, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, milk fat, and cheese.
  • the dairy minerals are provided in dairy products in amounts in addition to those naturally present in the dairy products.
  • the addition of dairy minerals was found to be particularly suitable for cheese products, including cream cheese, processed cheese, and cultured cheese products. Further, for cheese-making processes involving a whey separation step, it was found that the addition of dairy minerals in amounts and ratios of specific minerals not equivalent to the amount and ratios of minerals lost in the whey separation step provides a cheese product having improved flavor attributes. It was also found that dairy products prepared without a whey separation step have improved flavor.
  • dairy mineral ingredients having different mineral and lactose contents can provide different flavor profiles to the mineral fortified dairy product so dairy mineral ingredients having greater or lesser quantities of particular minerals may be desired in a particular application or product type.
  • dairy mineral powders having increased calcium content in proportion to other minerals in the blend are particularly advantageous for providing fresh dairy flavor notes to a dairy product.
  • low lactose dairy mineral powders may be advantageous for concentrated dairy liquid applications, such as TRUCAL® D7 and OPTISOLTM 1200 from Glanbia PLC.
  • the dairy minerals may be sourced from a liquid milk permeate stream containing dairy minerals that has been concentrated and dried into a powder form that can be easily stored for an extended period of time.
  • low lactose means less than about 10 percent lactose by weight of the dairy mineral composition.
  • Low lactose dairy mineral ingredients may be preferred in some applications because lactose can contribute to generation of off flavors during heating. Higher amounts of lactose may be acceptable in cheese applications, so long as the lactose does not provide an overly sweet taste or other off flavor to the cheese.
  • dairy minerals are added to the dairy products to provide a particular ratio of dairy minerals to total protein.
  • total protein is meant the total amount of protein included in the dairy product.
  • Casein and whey are typically the predominant proteins found in cow milk and therefore any dairy products including dairy liquids or dairy proteins derived from cow milk.
  • the dairy minerals are added to the dairy products in an amount of about 0.2 to about 1 percent, in another aspect about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent, in another aspect about 0.4 to about 0.7 percent by weight of the dairy product.
  • FIG. 1A-E includes charts showing release of sulfur compounds from the processed cheese of Example 3 (cold application);
  • FIG. 2A-E includes charts showing release of sulfur compounds from the processed cheese of Example 3 (hot application);
  • FIG. 3A-F includes charts showing release of free fatty acids and buttery compounds from the processed cheese of Example 3 (cold application);
  • FIG. 4A-F includes charts showing release of free fatty acids and buttery compounds from the processed cheese of Example 3 (hot application);
  • FIG. 5A-E includes charts showing release of lactones and unsaturated aldehydes from the processed cheese of Example 3 (cold application);
  • FIG. 6A-E includes charts showing release of lactones and unsaturated aldehydes from the processed cheese of Example 3 (hot application);
  • FIG. 7A-E includes charts showing release of sulfur compounds from the cream cheese of Example 4.
  • FIG. 8A-E includes charts showing release of free fatty acids and buttery compounds from the cream cheese of Example 4.
  • FIG. 9A-E includes charts showing release of methyl ketones and unsaturated aldehydes from the cream cheese of Example 4.
  • FIG. 10 includes confocal microscopy images of the Kraft 2% Milk White American Singles cheese product of Example 7.
  • dairy minerals refers to minerals or mineral-containing ions naturally found in dairy liquids, such as cow's milk.
  • dairy minerals include, for example, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate ions.
  • the dairy minerals are provided in dairy products in amounts in addition to those naturally present in the dairy products.
  • the addition of dairy minerals was found to be particularly suitable for cheese products, including cream cheese, processed cheese, and cultured cheese products.
  • the mineral content of raw milk varies due to a variety of factors, the most abundant minerals in a typical raw milk product are citrate (176 mg/100 g), potassium (140 mg/100 g), calcium (117.7 mg/100 g), chloride (104.5 mg/100 g), phosphorus (95.1 mg/100 g), sodium (58 mg/100 g), and magnesium (12.1 mg/100 g).
  • the dairy minerals are added to the dairy products to provide total amounts of specific minerals and ratios of specific minerals not naturally found in raw milk and therefore also not found in dairy products made with ingredients prepared from milk-derived dairy liquids.
  • the form of the dairy minerals included in the dairy products is not particularly limiting.
  • the dairy minerals may be in the form of a liquid, powder, gel, emulsion, or the like and can be obtained from a variety of milk products, milk derivatives, or dairy processes.
  • ultra-filtered or nano-filtered dairy permeate such as whey permeate obtained in conventional cheese-making processes, can be used as a source of milk minerals.
  • the filtered milk permeates can be concentrated to reduce water content and used in the form of a liquid or powder. If desired, the concentrated permeates can be further treated to increase the content of particular minerals and/or to reduce the quantity of lactose or lactic acid.
  • the dairy minerals are added to the dairy products in an amount of about 0.2 to about 1 percent, in another aspect about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent, in another aspect about 0.4 to about 0.7 percent by weight of the dairy product.
  • the dairy minerals used is a commercially available product listed below:
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with at least two of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with at least three of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In yet another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with all of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the described amounts.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0184 mg to about 0.0191 mg potassium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0187 mg to about 0.0191 mg potassium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0188 mg to about 0.0191 mg potassium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0046 mg to about 0.0058 mg magnesium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0051 mg to about 0.0058 mg magnesium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0053 to about 0.0058 mg magnesium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0709 mg to about 0.0896 mg calcium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0783 mg to about 0.0896 mg calcium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0821 to about 0.0896 mg calcium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.1445 mg to about 0.1772 mg phosphate per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.1576 mg to about 0.1772 mg phosphate per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.1641 to about 0.1772 mg phosphate per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with at least two of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with at least three of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the processed cheese with all of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the described amounts. Any combinations of these ratios and ranges for the various minerals may be combined.
  • the dairy minerals are included in processed cheese in an amount of about 0.0204 mg to about 0.0212 mg potassium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0207 mg to about 0.0212 mg potassium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0209 mg to about 0.0212 mg potassium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in cream cheese in an amount of about 0.0024 mg to about 0.0038 mg magnesium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0030 mg to about 0.0038 mg magnesium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0036 to about 0.0038 mg magnesium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in cream cheese in an amount of about 0.0282 mg to about 0.0505 mg calcium per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0348 mg to about 0.0505 mg calcium per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0397 to about 0.0505 mg calcium per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in cream cheese in an amount of about 0.0608 mg to about 0.0937 mg phosphate per mg protein, in another aspect about 0.0762 mg to about 0.0937 mg phosphate per mg protein, and in yet another aspect about 0.0918 to about 0.0937 mg phosphate per mg protein.
  • the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the cream cheese with at least two of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the cream cheese with at least three of the dairy minerals listed above in the described amounts. In yet another approach, the dairy minerals are included in an amount to provide the cream cheese with all of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium in the described amounts. Any combinations of these ratios and ranges for the various minerals may be combined.
  • a mixture of at least two dairy minerals, in another aspect at least three dairy minerals, is generally needed to provide fresh dairy flavor notes to the dairy product.
  • the dairy minerals added to the dairy product include at least two of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.
  • the dairy minerals added to the dairy product include at least three of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.
  • the dairy minerals added to the dairy product include all of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate.
  • dairy mineral ingredients having different mineral and lactose contents can provide different flavor profiles to the mineral fortified dairy product so dairy mineral ingredients having greater or lesser quantities of particular minerals may be desired in a particular application or product type.
  • dairy mineral powders having increased calcium content in proportion to other minerals in the blend are particularly advantageous for providing fresh dairy flavor notes to a dairy product.
  • low lactose dairy mineral powders may be advantageous for concentrated dairy liquid applications, such as TRUCAL® D7 and OPTISOLTM 1200 from Glanbia PLC.
  • the dairy minerals may be sourced from a liquid milk permeate stream containing dairy minerals that has been concentrated and dried into a powder form that can be easily stored for an extended period of time.
  • low lactose means less than about 10 percent lactose by weight of the dairy mineral composition.
  • Low lactose dairy mineral ingredients may be preferred in some applications because lactose can contribute to generation of off flavors during heating. Higher amounts of lactose may be acceptable in cheese applications, so long as the lactose does not provide an overly sweet taste or other off flavor to the cheese.
  • dairy minerals are added to the dairy products to provide a particular ratio of dairy minerals to total protein.
  • total protein is meant the total amount of protein included in the dairy product.
  • Casein and whey are typically the predominant proteins found in cow milk and therefore any dairy products including dairy liquids or dairy proteins derived from cow milk.
  • dairy products to which the dairy minerals have been added are characterized by reduced astringency compared to otherwise identical dairy products that do not include added dairy minerals. Dairy products often have astringent flavor as a result of high protein content, low fat content, and/or low pH. In other aspects, dairy products to which the dairy minerals have been added are characterized by less sourness than an otherwise identical dairy product that does not include added dairy minerals. Dairy products often have sour flavor due to low pH. In yet other aspects, dairy products to which the dairy minerals have been added are characterized by increased creamy or buttery flavor that is desirable in many dairy products.
  • the flavor profile of the dairy products to which the dairy minerals is altered by interaction of the dairy minerals with other components of the dairy product, particularly casein. It is further believed that these interactions affect the rate of flavor release, thereby changing flavor perception when the dairy product is consumed. For cream cheese and processed cheese applications, it has been found that the rate of flavor release is reduced by the addition of dairy minerals. The altered flavor release impacts the flavor profile perceived by the consumer. For instance, delaying the release of buttery flavors is often perceived as a desirable lingering buttery dairy flavor rather than an upfront buttery flavor that fades quickly when the dairy product is consumed.
  • the added dairy minerals interact with the casein proteins in the dairy products, which changes the microstructure of the product and results in altered release of flavors in the dairy product.
  • the change in microstructure may also function to trap flavors in the product during the manufacturing process.
  • the dairy minerals can be incorporated into a variety of dairy products.
  • the dairy products include cheese products, including, for example, cream cheese, processed cheese, and cultured cheese products.
  • Cream cheese is stored under refrigeration conditions and has a smooth and butter-like consistency.
  • the texture and body of cream cheese at refrigeration temperatures is such that the cream cheese can be sliced and/or spread.
  • Cream cheese-like spreads are products which may not meet all standards of identity for cream cheese but have many of the functional properties of cream cheese.
  • the term “cream cheese” refers to traditional-type cream cheese products (e.g., cream cheese processes involving separation of curds and whey), cream cheese products made without separation of curds and whey, imitation cream cheese products (e.g., cream cheese products including non-dairy fats, such as vegetable oil), and the like.
  • Exemplary cream cheese-making processes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,687,095, U.S. Pat. No. 7,655,267, U.S. Pat. No. 7,611,743, U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,736, and U.S. Publication No. 2009/0297660, which are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • uncultured whole milk and/or skim milk and sweet cream are blended in pre-selected proportions to form a cream cheese mix.
  • the cream cheese mix is pasteurized and homogenized, after which it is cooled, usually to a temperature between about 16.7 to about 43° C., and is then inoculated with a lactic acid culture.
  • a cream and milk mixture is cultured with lactic acid-forming bacteria to convert lactose in the mixture to lactic acid.
  • the culturing continues until the pH drops sufficiently to form a curd.
  • the curd is separated from the whey and processed to form cream cheese.
  • dairy ingredients such as milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, and cheese whey, both in dried powder form or in concentrated liquid form, are cultured to the desired pH and then dairy fat (such as cream and/or milkfat) or non-dairy fat (such as soybean or sunflower oil) is added and the mixture is processed to form a cream cheese spread or imitation cream cheese spread, respectively, without a curd separation step.
  • dairy fat such as cream and/or milkfat
  • non-dairy fat such as soybean or sunflower oil
  • Hybrid processes incorporate optional dairy ingredients (“ODI”) into conventional processes.
  • ODDI optional dairy ingredients
  • optional dairy ingredient is defined in 21 C.F.R. ⁇ 133.124(d) as “Cream, milk, skim milk, buttermilk, cheese whey, any of the foregoing from which part of the water has been removed, anhydrous milkfat, dehydrated cream, skim milk cheese for manufacturing, and albumin from cheese whey.”
  • additional ingredients including salt and stabilizers, are typically added.
  • a method for preparing a cream cheese product comprises: (a) heating a dairy base; (b) homogenizing the dairy base to form a homogenized mixture; (c) heating the homogenized mixture to a setting temperature of about 62 to about 92° F.; (d) adding a cream cheese culture to the homogenized mixture; (e) incubating the mixture of step (d) for a period of about 8 to about 20 hours; (f) if necessary, adjusting the pH of the to achieve a pH of 4.6 or less, such as by adding an edible acid (e.g., citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and combinations thereof) to form curds and whey; (g) separating the curds from the whey; (e) optionally adding stabilizer to the separated curds to form a cream cheese mixture; and (f) homogenizing the cream cheese mixture to
  • an edible acid
  • the dairy minerals can be added at a variety of different points in the process.
  • the dairy minerals can be added when adding the cream cheese culture in step (d); during incubation step (e), or after the pH-adjustment step (f). If the dairy minerals are added prior to the separation of curds and whey, a higher amount of dairy minerals should be added initially because a portion of the dairy minerals will be lost in the separated whey.
  • the order of the steps in the processes described herein can be modified and still obtain a satisfactory cream cheese product. Additional steps can also be used, if desired.
  • the dairy base includes a combination of raw milk and cream.
  • Other dairy liquids may also be included in the dairy base, if desired.
  • Protein sources may also be included in the dairy base, including for example milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, and the like.
  • Stabilizers suitable for inclusion in the cream cheese product include, for example, gums, salts, emulsifiers, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable gums include, for example, xanthan gum, locus bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable salts include, for example, sodium chloride, other edible salts, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable emulsifiers include, for example, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium acid pryrophosphate, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the moisture content of the cream cheese is controlled by the amount of water added to the formulation; if necessary, it can be further adjusted by evaporation or the addition of more water.
  • dairy minerals can be incorporated into methods for making processed cheese.
  • process cheeses There are three general types of process cheese: pasteurized process cheese, pasteurized process cheese food, and pasteurized process cheese spread.
  • Process cheeses have certain characteristics that are desirable to cheese consumers, such as a smooth, creamy texture and a slight firmness that is attributable to the presence of fat in the process cheese formulation, although fat-free and reduced fat process cheeses can also be made having smooth and creamy texture.
  • the main differences between the three types of process cheese are their moisture and fat content, and the use of optional ingredients in their manufacture. These cheeses typically are made in large quantities using a horizontal cooker (sometimes called a laydown cooker). Often, the process cheese is then automatically packaged in airtight cartons.
  • the steps for making the processed cheese are not particularly limited.
  • Exemplary methodologies for making processed cheese include, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,669,978; 6,270,814; and 5,470,595, and U.S. Pub. No. 2009-0092730, which are hereby incorporated by reference in there entireties.
  • the processed cheese can be prepared by preparing a homogenous mixture of a dairy base, cooking the homogenous mixture to form a cooked mixture, and cooling the cooked mixture to form a processed cheese product.
  • the homogenous mixture and/or cooked mixture may be homogenized.
  • the step in which the dairy minerals are added is not particularly limited.
  • the dairy minerals can be added before the cooking step or during the cooking step.
  • ingredients of the processed cheese are combined and mixed to form a substantially homogeneous mixture, typically in the form of an emulsion.
  • Ingredients for the processed cheese dairy base include, for example, a source of fat, such as animal and/or vegetable fat, and source of protein.
  • the fat source is a dairy fat source, such as milkfat.
  • the protein source is a concentrated protein source, such as whey protein concentrate, milk protein concentrate, or a combination thereof.
  • the processed cheese may also contain cheese in the dairy base.
  • the cheese is melted before the ingredients of the process cheese are cooked.
  • the amount of cheese varies depending on the specific qualities desired in the final processed cheese product.
  • the cheese component may be included in an amount of about 10 to about 90 percent.
  • the homogenous mixture is then cooked using techniques and heating devices as are well-known in cheese manufacturing. For example, and not intended to be limiting, cooking may be carried out between about 160 and 220° F. for about 1 to about 10 minutes.
  • the cheese in aspects where cheese is used as an ingredient of the processed cheese, the cheese, possibly in combination with other ingredients, is heated to melt the cheese (e.g, about 120 to about 135° F.) before any additional ingredients are added. The temperature can then, if necessary, be increased to the desired cooking temperature.
  • the cooked mixture is cooled to a desired temperature, such as about 45° F.
  • the method may further include molding the cooked mixture as is known in processed cheese manufacturing.
  • the processed cheese may be poured into loaf or slice forms after the cooking step but before cooling.
  • the process cheese of the current invention may be cooled using conventional techniques and equipment as is well-known in process cheese manufacturing.
  • homogenization may be used to create and/or maintain the liquid ingredients of the processed cheese in the form of an emulsion. Homogenization can be accomplished using conventional techniques and equipment well known in the art. Homogenization can be carried out at increased pressures, such as about 2000 psi to about 8000 psi. Any effective homogenization method may be used to homogenize the dairy liquids. For example, but not intended to be limiting, a one-stage or two-stage homogenization step may be used. However, homogenization is generally not required to provide the processed cheese product.
  • the processed cheese may further comprise an emulsifier.
  • Suitable emulsifiers include, for example, inorganic salts including monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, sodium tartrate, and sodium potassium tartrate.
  • the emulsifier is sodium citrate.
  • the amount of emulsifier used may depend, at least in part, on the particular formulation of processed cheese and can be readily determined by one of skill in the art.
  • emulsifiers such as sodium citrate
  • about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent emulsifier in another aspect about 0.1 percent to about 1 percent emulsifier, may be used.
  • Other amounts and emulsifiers may be selected depending on the particular needs of the application.
  • dairy minerals were added to cream cheese having 24 percent fat.
  • the cream cheese was prepared by mixing 29.1 percent cream and 70.9 percent milk. The mixture was treated with a lactic acid culture and processed according to conventional cream cheese techniques to provide a curd. The curd (99.03 percent) was combined with 0.17 percent carob gum and 0.8 percent salt and processed to produce the cream cheese.
  • the cream cheese included 24.0 percent fat, 34.7 percent total solids, 0.92 percent salt, and 4.97 percent protein.
  • a control (sample 1) was prepared with no added dairy minerals.
  • dairy minerals were added to the cream cheese at 0.25 percent (sample 2), 0.5 percent (sample 3), and 1.0 percent (sample 4) by weight of the cream cheese product.
  • the textures of the cream cheese products were similar based on sensory assessment.
  • the control sample was characterized by bitter notes and typical cream cheese flavor and texture.
  • Sample 2 was characterized by more flavor, more sour notes, no bitter notes, fresh notes, and more overall dairy flavor.
  • Sample 3 was characterized by no bitter notes, fresh notes, and had more overall dairy flavor.
  • Sample 4 was characterized by slightly bitter notes and savory notes but was slightly off-balanced in flavor. Samples 2 and 3 were preferred.
  • the addition of 1 percent dairy minerals to sample 4 was deemed to be too high. Overall, it was found that the addition of dairy minerals decreased the bitter notes and increased the overall dairy flavor of the cream cheese products.
  • dairy minerals were added to cream cheese having 14 percent fat.
  • the cream cheese was prepared by mixing 14.1 percent cream and 85.9 percent skim milk. The mixture was treated with a lactic acid culture and processed according to conventional cream cheese techniques to provide a curd. The curd (99.675 percent) was combined with 0.075 percent sorbic acid and 0.25 percent locust bean gum and processed to produce the cream cheese.
  • the cream cheese included 14.1 percent fat, 15.3 percent total solids, 0.19 percent salt, and 8.1 percent protein.
  • a control (sample 1) was prepared with no added dairy minerals.
  • dairy minerals were added at 0.25 percent (sample 2), 0.5 percent (sample 3), and 1.0 percent (sample 4) by weight of the cream cheese product.
  • the control sample was characterized by balanced flavor typical of low fat cream cheese products.
  • Sample 2 was characterized by more savory flavors, less sour flavor, and more creamy mouthfeel, more rounded flavor, and longer finish.
  • Sample 3 was found to not have as much flavor as sample 2 but was otherwise generally similar to sample 2.
  • Sample 4 was characterized by more muted flavor, sweaty and sour milk flavors, and was thin and less creamy. Overall, it was found that the samples became more savory and less sour with the addition of dairy minerals. Compared with the control, sample 2 had a more creamy mouthfeel and was less chalky. Chalky texture is a common negative attribute of low fat products. Again, 1.0 percent mineral addition appeared to be too high.
  • Cream cheese products containing added dairy minerals were prepared using a 10 percent fat cream cheese base prepared as described in Example 2.
  • a control (sample 1) was also prepared with no added dairy minerals.
  • dairy minerals were added at 0.25 percent (sample 2), 0.375 percent (sample 3), and 0.5 percent (sample 4) by weight of the cream cheese product.
  • the control sample was characterized by sour, astringent, and milky flavors as well as a chalky mouthfeel.
  • Sample 2 was characterized by creamy flavor, milky flavor, fast breakdown of flavors with a bite at the end, salty upfront flavor and slightly less sour upfront, and low buttery flavor but some buttery flavor at the end.
  • Sample 3 had cooked milk flavor, slightly sweet flavor, some buttery, and savory flavor, and less sour than the control. Both samples 2 and 3 were less astringent than the control.
  • Sample 4 was sour but less sour than the control, had a higher salty impression, good texture, no astringency, and had buttery, milky, almost cheesy, and well balanced flavors. Overall, the addition of dairy minerals decreased sour and astringency compared to the control.
  • Cream cheese products having about 10 percent fat were prepared with 0 percent dairy minerals (“control sample 1”), 0.5 percent dairy minerals (“samples 2 and 4”), and 0.75 percent dairy minerals (“sample 3”) by varying the process steps in which the dairy minerals were added to the products.
  • the cream cheese products were prepared as follows:
  • the dairy minerals were added to samples 2 and 3 after the homogenization step.
  • the dairy minerals were added to sample 4 in the initial mixing step.
  • the cream cheese products are characterized in Table 2 below.
  • the products were tasted by an expert team tasting panel. Generally, the samples with added dairy minerals had decreased astringency and chalkiness, enhanced lubricity, and an increase in overall fresh milky/cheesy flavor notes. The samples with added dairy minerals were deemed to have more “fresh” flavor.
  • sample 3 was less chalky than samples 2 and 3, had more cheesy notes (note, however, that a prominant cheesy flavor can be a negative attribute when not balanced by other dairy flavors), less buttery flavor than sample 3 but better than sample 2.
  • Sample 2 was characterized by cooked milky notes with slight astringent flavor, with a slow rate of breakdown and firm texture.
  • Sample 3 was softer, acidic flavor with chalky notes, less cooked flavor but more milky and butter flavoring, and a little more salty than control and similar to sample 2.
  • Sample 4 was creamy and cooked flavor like sample 2, was less sour than samples 1 and 3, and had some residual bitterness. Overall, sample 3 was preferred.
  • the liquid and powdered ingredients were first mixed and then combined with the cheese raw ingredients and blended to make a homogenous mixture.
  • the mixture is then cooked according to conventional processed cheese manufacture, and then cooled and packed.
  • the cheese was then analyzed for flavor release.
  • the cheese was divided into two experimental sets: one set analyzed after storage in a refrigerator (hereinafter “cold application”) and another set analyzed after being melted in a microwave oven (hereinafter “hot application”). Both sets were tested as is or in the form of a bolus after 20 chews by a food scientist.
  • Hot application As-is headspace representing what aroma compounds will be smelled by consumers after cheese melt.
  • FIG. 5A-E cold application
  • FIG. 6A-E hot application: octalactone, decalactone, pentenal, hexenal, and octenal.
  • Cream cheese having 10 percent fat content was prepared with and without 0.75 percent added dairy minerals as generally described in Example 2 with the dairy minerals added at the end of the process before a final mixing step (i.e., sample 3). The cheese was then analyzed for flavor release after storage for approximately 1 month in a refrigerator.
  • As-is headspace representing what aroma compounds will be smelled by consumers before consumption.
  • Bolus headspace representing what aroma compounds will be release by bolus during consumption.
  • FIG. 9A-E 3) methyl ketones and unsaturated aldehydes as shown in FIG. 9A-E : 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, pentenal, hexenal, and hexanal.
  • Cream cheese products having about 10 percent fat was prepared with and without 0.5 percent added dairy minerals (Glanbia TRUCAL®D7).
  • the cream cheese products were prepared as generally described in Example 2.
  • the cream cheese products are described in Table 4 below.
  • the cream cheese was tasted by a team of food scientists.
  • the control without added dairy minerals was characterized as follows: salty note, buttery and cream like, more sour and tangy finish.
  • the control had light astringency with more whey flavor.
  • the cream cheese with 0.5 percent added dairy minerals was characterized as follows: sweeter finish, more balanced flavors, increased cream cheese flavor, less sourness and chalky.
  • the use of added dairy minerals was further explored in a low fat cream cheese system to determine the impact of adding 0.5 percent dairy minerals on flavor and texture.
  • the cream cheese products were prepared generally as described in Example 2 and added at the end of the process before the final mixing.
  • the content of the cream cheese products is shown in Table 5 below.
  • the cream cheese products were tasted by a team of food scientists.
  • the control was characterized by salty note, buttery and creamy flavor, more sour and whey flavor, tangy finish, and light astringency.
  • the sample with 0.5 percent dairy minerals had a sweeter finish, more balanced flavors, increased cream cheese flavor, less sourness, and less chalky.
  • the 0.75 percent dairy mineral sample had an emulsion, protein microstructure, and lipid size consistent with control. Both the 1.0 percent and 1.5 percent dairy mineral samples have larger lipid size than the control and 0.75 percent sample, which indicates that the emulsion has been affected by the addition of the dairy minerals.
  • Kraft 2% milk White American processed cheese having 0 percent, 0.75 percent, 1.0 percent, and 1.5 percent dairy minerals prepared according to Example 7 were tasted by a team.
  • the samples were tasted “cold” (refrigeration temperature) or “hot” (after combining the cheese with bread and preparing a grilled cheese sandwich). Differences in flavor generally are more easily determined in cold samples.
  • the hot samples were prepared to further confirm some of the noted differences from the cold samples. The results are presented in Table 6 below.
  • Dairy minerals were added to Philadelphia Cooking Creme (Kraft Foods) to determine if the dairy materials impact the taste of this type of dairy product.
  • Cooking Creme Prior to addition of dairy minerals, the Cooking Creme includes 6.25 g protein, 521.4 mg sodium, 163.5 mg potassium, 104.6 mg calcium, 0.05 mg iron, and 103.5 mg phosphorus per 100 gram sample.
  • the Cooking Creme was heated to 90° F., and then dairy minerals (TRUCAL®D7) were stirred in at 0.5 percent and 1.0 percent by weight. A control with no added dairy minerals was also prepared. The samples were tasted by a team of food scientists.
  • the team characterized the flavor of the control sample as dairy, sour, buttery, and mild cultured.
  • the flavor of the 0.5 percent dairy mineral sample was characterized as stronger dairy than control, more overall flavor, and less sour.
  • the flavor of the 1.0 percent dairy mineral sample was characterized as stronger dairy, slight metallic, and less cultured. Overall, the sample with 0.5 percent dairy minerals was found to be superior to the control but less preferred relative to the 1.0 percent due to the presence of some off notes.

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US13/570,808 US20130196030A1 (en) 2012-02-01 2012-08-09 Dairy Products With Added Dairy Minerals And Methods Of Producing The Same
ES13703984T ES2731753T3 (es) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Productos lácteos con minerales lácteos añadidos y métodos de elaboración de productos lácteos con minerales lácteos añadidos
RU2014131596A RU2658763C2 (ru) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Обогащенные минеральными веществами молока молочные продукты и способы их получения
KR1020147023976A KR102258748B1 (ko) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 유 미네랄이 첨가된 유제품 및 유 미네랄이 첨가된 유제품의 제조 방법
JP2014555739A JP6228138B2 (ja) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 添加された乳性ミネラルを含む乳製品、および添加された乳性ミネラルを含む乳製品を生産する方法
PL13703984T PL2809169T3 (pl) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Produkty mleczne z dodatkiem minerałów mlecznych oraz sposoby wytwarzania produktów mlecznych z dodatkiem minerałów mlecznych
CN201380017726.XA CN104302186A (zh) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 具有加入的乳品矿物质的乳制品和生产具有加入的乳品矿物质的乳制品的方法
PCT/US2013/024309 WO2013116621A1 (en) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
KR1020197030623A KR102162431B1 (ko) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 유 미네랄이 첨가된 유제품 및 유 미네랄이 첨가된 유제품의 제조 방법
PT13703984T PT2809169T (pt) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Produtos lácteos com adição de minerais lácteos e métodos de produção de produtos lácteos com adição de minerais lácteos
MX2014009424A MX357159B (es) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Productos lacteos con minerales lacteos añadidos y metodos de producir productos lacteos con minerales lacteos añadidos.
CA2862973A CA2862973C (en) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
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AU2013214962A AU2013214962B2 (en) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
DK13703984.8T DK2809169T3 (da) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Mejeriprodukter med tilsatte mejerimineraler og fremgangsmåder til fremstilling af mejeriprodukter med tilsatte mejerimineraler
EP13703984.8A EP2809169B1 (en) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
US14/376,327 US20140377412A1 (en) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 Dairy Products With Added Dairy Minerals And Methods Of Producing Dairy Products With Added Dairy Minerals
BR112014018665A BR112014018665B1 (pt) 2012-02-01 2013-02-01 produtos de queijo e cream cheese e métodos para preparação de um produto de queijo processado e um produto de cream cheese
PH12014501652A PH12014501652A1 (en) 2012-02-01 2014-07-18 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
ZA2014/05702A ZA201405702B (en) 2012-02-01 2014-08-01 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
AU2017200630A AU2017200630B2 (en) 2012-02-01 2017-01-31 Dairy products with added dairy minerals and methods of producing dairy products with added dairy minerals
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