US20100285262A1 - Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment, and method for producing them - Google Patents

Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment, and method for producing them Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100285262A1
US20100285262A1 US12/665,555 US66555508A US2010285262A1 US 20100285262 A1 US20100285262 A1 US 20100285262A1 US 66555508 A US66555508 A US 66555508A US 2010285262 A1 US2010285262 A1 US 2010285262A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
fluorocarbon resin
electron beam
base
beam irradiation
belt
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US12/665,555
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English (en)
Inventor
Kazuaki Ikeda
Nobutaka Matsushita
Yoshimasa Suzuki
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Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer Inc
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Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer Inc
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Assigned to SUMITOMO ELECTRIC FINE POLYMER, INC. reassignment SUMITOMO ELECTRIC FINE POLYMER, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IKEDA, KAZUAKI, MATSUSHITA, NOBUTAKA, SUZUKI, YOSHIMASA
Publication of US20100285262A1 publication Critical patent/US20100285262A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A47J36/025—Vessels with non-stick features, e.g. coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C71/04—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. for curing or vulcanising preformed articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C09D127/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D129/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
    • G03G15/0216—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers
    • G03G15/0233—Structure, details of the charging member, e.g. chemical composition, surface properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
    • G03G15/0808—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the developer supplying means, e.g. structure of developer supply roller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2701/00—Coatings being able to withstand changes in the shape of the substrate or to withstand welding
    • B05D2701/10—Coatings being able to withstand changes in the shape of the substrate or to withstand welding withstanding draw and redraw process, punching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/068—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using ionising radiations (gamma, X, electrons)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2413/00—Belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2509/00—Household appliances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/16—Transferring device, details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/20—Details of the fixing device or porcess
    • G03G2215/2003—Structural features of the fixing device
    • G03G2215/2048—Surface layer material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/21—Circular sheet or circular blank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware and cookers including the fluorocarbon resin composite, rollers including the fluorocarbon resin composite, for example, fixing rollers, transfer rollers, pressing rollers, charging rollers, and developing rollers, for use in office automation equipment such as copiers, belts including the fluorocarbon resin composite, for example, fixing belts, belts used for fixing sections, transfer belts, and transfer fixing belts, for use in office automation equipment, and methods for producing them.
  • Fluorocarbon resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have excellent nonadhesiveness, heat resistance, and chemical resistance and thus are often used as materials constituting coatings of cookers such as rice cookers and cookware such as hot plates and frying pans and topcoat layers of fixing rollers for use in office automation equipment such as copiers.
  • the reason fluorocarbon resins such as PTFE have excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance is that in a structural formula described below, the bonding strength between C and F is the highest among organic substances (116 kcal/mol) and that fluorine atoms (F) entirely cover carbon chains to protect the C—C bonds.
  • the reason for the excellent nonadhesiveness is a very low polarization of charges because of the symmetry of the atomic arrangement in a molecule, a low cohesive force between molecules, and a significantly low surface energy.
  • Fluorocarbon resins have these excellent physical properties but disadvantageously have poor abrasion resistance. The reason for this is that molecules are readily detached because of a low surface energy and a low cohesive force between fluorine atoms (F—F).
  • fluorocarbon resins compensate the weakness by forming very long molecular chains having a degree of polymerization of about 10,000 to several hundred thousands, i.e., a molecular weight of about a million to tens of millions, to increase the bonding strength between fluorocarbon resins.
  • a molecular weight of about a million to tens of millions
  • it is difficult to achieve a higher molecular weight because of problems with formability and so forth (a reduction in flowability). Thus, sufficient properties are not provided.
  • the adhesion of fluorocarbon resins to bases is a processing problem due to excellent nonadhesiveness.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 a technique in which a fluorocarbon resin, which is a representative of polymers degraded by electron beams, is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point thereof in an oxygen-free atmosphere has been developed. It is found that to solve the problem in which the molecules are readily detached because of a low cohesive force between fluorine atoms (F—F), crosslinking a fluorocarbon resin results in a three-dimensional network structure of fluorine atoms as shown in a structural formula below, so that the polymeric chains are strongly bonded to each other, significantly improving the abrasion resistance.
  • F—F fluorine atoms
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3587071
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3587072
  • the fixing roller is used to fix toner transferred to recording paper.
  • the transfer belt is used to transfer toner to recording paper.
  • a fluorocarbon resin is preferably used as a material constituting a topcoat film of the fixing roller and a surface layer of the transfer belt because of its excellent toner releasability.
  • a fluorocarbon resin layer disadvantageously has low abrasion resistance as described above.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer is worn by friction between the recording sheets and the fixing roller and between the recording sheets and the transfer belt, thereby causing problems such as a reduction in surface roughness (clogging of toner and so forth reduces toner releasability).
  • a problem is caused in which the fluorocarbon resin layer is detached at portions that come into contact with both edges of each of the recording sheets. It is thus necessary to adequately ensure the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer, leading to difficulty in reducing the thickness of the topcoat film of the fixing roller or the surface layer of the transfer belt.
  • the fixing roller and the transfer fixing belt each having the function of fixing toner transferred to a recording sheet, they are used while being heated by a heater arranged inside thereof.
  • a heater arranged inside thereof.
  • a large number of recording sheets takes heat from the fixing roller and the transfer fixing belt; hence, the temperatures of the fixing roller and the transfer fixing belt tend to be reduced.
  • an increase in the heating temperature of the heater disadvantageously causes the deterioration of rubber constituting an elastic layer and a further reduction in abrasion resistance due to the thermal degradation of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • a soft intermediate layer composed of silicone or the like is provided.
  • an increase in the thickness of the surface layer of the fluorocarbon resin reduces the flexibility of the entire belt.
  • a fluorocarbon resin composite including a fluorocarbon resin layer having improved abrasion resistance while nonadhesiveness, which is a feature of a fluorocarbon resin, is maintained, cookware, a cooker, and methods for producing them.
  • the inventors have conducted intensive studies and have found that the foregoing problems are easily solved by a devised method for forming a fluorocarbon resin layer. This finding has led to the completion of the present invention.
  • inventions of claims 1 to 7 described below are defined as an aspect common to a first aspect and a second aspect of the present invention.
  • Inventions of claims 8 to 10 are defined as the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Inventions of claims 11 to 21 are defined as the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the first aspect and the second aspect are aspects that achieve the first object and the second object, respectively.
  • a fluorocarbon resin composite includes a fluorocarbon resin layer on a base, in which a fluorocarbon resin constituting the fluorocarbon resin layer is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation, and the base has a desired shape obtained by machining.
  • the thin fluorocarbon resin layer is preferably formed as follows: A dispersion of fluorine particles having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to several micrometers dispersed in water is used. The dispersion is applied to a target surface by, for example, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or a spraying method, dried, and baked (the particles are melted to form a fluorocarbon film).
  • a fluorocarbon resin layer is formed on a substantially flat base using a dispersion of usual uncrosslinked fluorocarbon particles having a small particle size.
  • a method for forming a coating film for use in cookware a method is generally employed in which after a base is pressed into a predetermined shape, the fluorocarbon resin is applied by, for example, spraying and then baked (hereinafter, a method in which a fluorocarbon resin is applied after machining is referred to as an “after-coat method”).
  • the entire fluorocarbon resin can be subjected to electron beam irradiation because the thickness direction corresponds to the transmission direction of electron beams.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer located at a substantially vertical surface obtained by machining i.e., a surface parallel to the direction of electron beam irradiation
  • only part of the fluorocarbon resin (portion facing an electron beam irradiation apparatus) is subjected to electron beam irradiation because the thickness direction does not correspond to the transmission direction of electron beams.
  • the entire surface of the fluorocarbon resin layer can be located at a position perpendicular to the irradiation direction of electron beams. That is, it is possible to subject the entire fluorocarbon resin layer to electron beam irradiation because the thickness direction of the entire fluorocarbon resin layer corresponds to the transmission direction of electron beams, thereby resulting in cookware including the fluorocarbon resin layer having excellent abrasion resistance.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is composed of one selected from a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), or a mixture of two or three compounds selected from PFA, PTFE, and FEP.
  • PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • the fluorocarbon resin is composed of one selected from the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), or a mixture of two or three compounds selected from these compounds.
  • PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • an electron beam during the electron beam irradiation reaches the base through the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the crosslinking of the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin on the base by electron beam irradiation in which an electron beam reaches the base through the fluorocarbon resin layer significantly improves the adhesive strength between the base and the fluorocarbon resin layer compared with the case where an electron beam does not reach the base.
  • the reason for the improvement in the adhesion to the base is probably as follows: Electron beam irradiation causes cleavage of a main chain or a side chain. In particular, when the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point, active radicals are generated. The resulting radicals are bonded to the base because there is no substance, such as oxygen, which is readily bonded to the radicals.
  • the electron beam is allowed to reach the base by adjusting an acceleration voltage during electron beam irradiation in response to the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer has a thickness of 70 ⁇ m or less.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer needs to have a thickness of about 70 to 120 ⁇ m.
  • an increase in the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer can form a crack on baking the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • multiple applications of the fluorocarbon resin result in a multilayer coating. This leads to increases in machining cost and the cost of materials.
  • crosslinking by electron beam irradiation improves the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer, so that the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer can be reduced to 70 ⁇ m or less while the abrasion resistance is maintained.
  • the machining cost and the cost of materials can be reduced by providing a single-layer coating or a reduction in the number of layers of a multilayer coating.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer preferably has a thickness of 30 ⁇ m or less and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. In such a thin film, the abrasion resistance is ensured.
  • the distance in which an electron beam transmits the fluorocarbon resin layer is determined by the acceleration voltage of the electron beam and the specific gravity of the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the specific gravity is intrinsic to the fluorocarbon resin.
  • crosslinking by electron beam irradiation improves the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer can be reduced to 70 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less while the abrasion resistance is maintained. It is thus possible to perform crosslinking with an ultrasmall, inexpensive general-purpose electron beam irradiation apparatus with an acceleration voltage of 60 kV.
  • the amount of the electron beam irradiation is in the range of 1 kGy to 500 kGy.
  • the amount of the electron beam irradiation is in the range of 1 kGy to 500 kGy, thereby assuredly crosslinking the fluorocarbon resin and suppressing cleavage of polymeric chains of the fluorocarbon resin due to excessive irradiation.
  • an amount of the electron beam irradiation of 50 kGy or more results in an increase in crosslink density, improving the abrasion resistance.
  • An amount of the electron beam irradiation of 300 kGy or less provides the flexibility of the film, suppressing the occurrence of cracking during processing such as pressing.
  • An amount of the electron beam irradiation exceeding 300 kGy causes degradation of the polymer, reducing the abrasion resistance.
  • the amount of the electron beam irradiation is preferably in the range of 50 kGy to 300 kGy.
  • the base is composed of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or stainless steel.
  • the base is composed of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or stainless steel.
  • the base is easily subjected to machining such as pressing and spinning and serves as a material for a lightweight cookware.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer is formed on the non-surface-treated base, and in a cross-cut test (JIS-K-5400, 1998 edition), the fluorocarbon resin layer is not detached after 100 repetitions of a peeling operation using an adhesive tape.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer having a strong adhesion to the base is obtained without performing surface treatment of the base. It is thus possible to provide the fluorocarbon resin composite that is easily produced.
  • cookware includes the fluorocarbon resin composite according to any one of Claims 1 to 7 .
  • Fluorocarbon resins have excellent nonadhesiveness and the advantage that food does not easily adhere to a rice cooker, a frying pan, or the like. Disadvantageously, the adhesion strength between the fluorocarbon resin and the base is low.
  • a technique for etching a surface of a base Japanese Patent No. 1239856
  • a primer layer adheresive layer
  • the cookware according to the invention of this claim is composed of the fluorocarbon resin composite.
  • the cookware has excellent adhesive strength between the base and the fluorocarbon resin layer and leads to low cost.
  • a cooker includes the cookware according to Claim 8 .
  • the cooker advantageously has excellent properties described in claim 8 .
  • a method for producing a fluorocarbon resin composite includes the steps of applying an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin onto a base, heating the fluorocarbon resin to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin, subjecting the fluorocarbon resin to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin, and machining the base in such a manner that the base has a desired shape.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin, and then the fluorocarbon resin is subjected to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin can be used as a powder having a small particle size.
  • the resin can be used as a raw material for a fluorocarbon resin dispersion. Since a crosslinked fluorocarbon resin having a large particle size is not used, a thin film can be formed.
  • a fluorocarbon resin dispersion (a dispersion of the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin dispersed in water) is applied by spin coating to a surface of the plate-like base to form a thin film of the fluorocarbon resin.
  • Spin coating is a method as described below.
  • the fluorocarbon resin dispersion is dropped on the middle portion of the base while the base is being rotated.
  • the dispersion is spread by a centrifugal force, so that the thin fluorocarbon resin film having a uniform thickness is formed on the surface of the base.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is baked by heating.
  • the resulting fluorocarbon resin is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere. After cooling the base and the fluorocarbon resin, the base is machined into a desired shape. Machining indicates that an inner pot of a rice cooker or a frying pan is formed by pressing or spinning. In this way, it is possible to easily produce cookware having improved abrasion resistance and adhesive strength while nonadhesiveness, which is a feature of a fluorocarbon resin, is maintained.
  • the oxygen concentration in the low-oxygen atmosphere is preferably set 1000 ppm or less and more preferably 500 ppm or less. Furthermore, an excessively small oxygen concentration is not preferred.
  • a nitrogen gas atmosphere can be preferably used.
  • a roller or a belt for use in office automation equipment includes a fluorocarbon resin layer on a circular base, in which the fluorocarbon resin layer is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation.
  • the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer is improved while the nonadhesiveness of the fluorocarbon resin is maintained, reducing the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • heat from a heater arranged inside thereof is efficiently conducted.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer has a thickness of, for example, 10 ⁇ m, 40% of heat from the heater arranged in the fixing roller or the transfer fixing belt is lost.
  • the thickness is 5 ⁇ m, only 20% of heat is lost. It is thus possible to improve a print speed without increasing the heating temperature of the heater.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation, thus improving the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer because the crosslinking of the fluorocarbon resin eliminates the melting point, i.e., the fluorocarbon resin is not melt.
  • the base is bonded to the fluorocarbon resin by electron beam irradiation, thus eliminating an adhesive layer (primer); hence, it is possible to significantly increase the thermal conductivity of a roller or a belt for use in office automation equipment.
  • the foregoing technique can be applied to another roller or belt for use in office automation equipment.
  • the roller for use in office automation equipment include a fixing roller, a transfer roller, a pressing roller, a charging roller, and developing roller.
  • the belt for use in office automation equipment include a transfer belt, a transfer fixing belt, and a belt used for a fixing section like the fixing belt.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer is composed of one selected from a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), or a mixture of two or three compounds selected from PFA, PTFE, and FEP.
  • PFA tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • the fluorocarbon resin is composed of one selected from PFA, PTFE, and FEP, or a mixture of two or three compounds selected from these compounds.
  • a thin film of the fluorocarbon resin having excellent heat resistance and resistance to stress cracking is obtained.
  • an electron beam during the electron beam irradiation reaches the circular base through the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the crosslinking of the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin on the base by electron beam irradiation in which an electron beam reaches the base through the fluorocarbon resin layer significantly improves the adhesive strength between the base and the fluorocarbon resin layer compared with the case where an electron beam does not reach the base. According to the invention of this claim, it is thus possible to provide the roller or the belt, for use in office automation equipment, in which the base and the fluorocarbon resin layer are strongly bonded to each other.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer is improved by crosslinking using electron beam irradiation.
  • the thickness of the fluorocarbon resin layer can be reduced to 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less for a roller, and 7 ⁇ m or less for a belt while the abrasion resistance is maintained.
  • the temperature of the heater need not be increased, thus suppressing the thermal degradation of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the thickness is 20 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to perform crosslinking with an ultrasmall, inexpensive general-purpose electron beam irradiation apparatus with an acceleration voltage of 60 kV.
  • the amount of the electron beam irradiation is in the range of 1 kGy to 500 kGy.
  • the amount of the electron beam irradiation is in the range of 1 kGy to 500 kGy, thus assuredly crosslinking the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the circular base is composed of a heat-resistant resin or a metal.
  • the circular base is composed of a heat-resistant resin or a metal, thus providing the roller or the belt, for use in office automation equipment, having excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength.
  • the heat-resistant resin that can be used include polyimide resins and polyamide-imide resins.
  • the metal that can be used include stainless steel and aluminum.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer is formed on the non-surface-treated base, and the fluorocarbon resin layer has an adhesive strength of 0.5 Kg/1.5 cm or more in a peeling test.
  • the adhesive strength of the fluorocarbon resin layer it is possible to achieve the adhesive strength of the fluorocarbon resin layer to 0.5 Kg/1.5 cm or more and preferably 0.8 Kg/1.5 cm or more by crosslinking using electron beam irradiation.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer having a strong adhesion to the base is provided without performing adhesive treatment, e.g., the use of a primer on a surface of the base.
  • an intermediate layer is arranged between the circular base and the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the formation of the intermediate layer between the base and the fluorocarbon resin layer results in the roller or the belt, for use in office automation equipment, capable of corresponding to requirement specifications of various users in addition to the effects described above.
  • an elastic material such as silicone rubber is used.
  • a method for producing a roller or a belt for use in office automation equipment includes the steps of applying an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin onto a circular base, heating the fluorocarbon resin to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin, and subjecting the fluorocarbon resin to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the fluorocarbon resin after the application of the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin onto the base, the fluorocarbon resin is subjected to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin while the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point.
  • the thin crosslinked fluorocarbon resin film on the base which has been difficult to form in the past, is easily formed.
  • the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin can be used as a powder having a small particle size.
  • a dispersion method or the like can be employed. Since a crosslinked fluorocarbon resin having a large particle size is not used, a thin film can be formed. As a result, the thermal conductivity can be improved while the nonadhesiveness, which is a feature of a fluorocarbon resin, is maintained. Furthermore, it is possible to easily produce the roller or the belt, for use in office automation equipment, having improved abrasion resistance and heat resistance. As the low-oxygen atmosphere, a nitrogen gas atmosphere or the like is preferred.
  • the resin is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation, thus leading to a significantly strong adhesion between the fluorocarbon resin and the base and eliminating the need for an adhesive layer (primer).
  • the reason for the improvement in the adhesion to the base is probably as follows: Electron beam irradiation causes cleavage of a main chain or a side chain. Active radicals are generated because of a high temperature. The resulting radicals are bonded to the base because there is no substance, such as oxygen, which is readily bonded to the radicals.
  • a method for producing a roller or a belt for use in office automation equipment includes the steps of placing a die (outlet) of an extruder in a low-oxygen atmosphere, extruding an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin from the die of the extruder onto the circular base, and subjecting the fluorocarbon resin to electron beam irradiation in the low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin before the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin is decreased to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the thin film of the fluorocarbon resin is formed on the circular base by extrusion suitable for mass production. Furthermore, electron beam irradiation is performed before the temperature of the molten fluorocarbon resin is decreased to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the roller or the belt for use in office automation equipment can be efficiently produced at low cost.
  • the method for producing a roller or a belt for use in office automation equipment according to Claim 19 or 20 further includes after the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin and then subjected to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere to crosslink the fluorocarbon resin, performing rapid cooling before the temperature of a layer located below the fluorocarbon resin reaches the decomposition temperature of the layer.
  • the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point and then subjected to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere, thereby easily and assuredly crosslinking the fluorocarbon resin.
  • the temperature of the layer located below the fluorocarbon resin is increased by heat from the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • rapid cooling is performed before the temperature reaches the decomposition temperature of the layer, so that the properties of the lower layer are not reduced.
  • the fluorocarbon resin is rapidly cooled, the crystallization of the fluorocarbon resin does not easily occur, thus improving the flex resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin is applied to an inner peripheral surface of a ring-shaped die (cylinder) by a thin-film formation method such as a dispersion method.
  • a thin-film formation method such as a dispersion method.
  • silicone rubber is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the circular fluorocarbon resin layer to form the intermediate layer.
  • a polyimide resin serving as a base is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate layer to form a circular base. Then the circular base, the intermediate layer, and the fluorocarbon resin layer are pulled out from the die.
  • the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin surface layer is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point, subjected to electron beam irradiation in a low-oxygen atmosphere, and rapidly cooled before the temperature of the intermediate layer located below the fluorocarbon resin layer reaches the decomposition temperature, thereby completing the belt for use in office automation equipment.
  • a small electron beam irradiation apparatus is characterized in that the amount of electron beam irradiation in the middle of an irradiation spot is large and the amount of electron beam irradiation in the periphery is small. It is thus difficult to uniformly irradiate a surface of the fluorocarbon resin layer with electron beams by simple electron beam, irradiation.
  • the surface of the fluorocarbon resin layer is uniformly subjected to electron beam irradiation while the circular base provided with the fluorocarbon resin layer, which is a target irradiated, on its outer peripheral surface is being rotated and while the electron beam irradiation apparatus arranged outside the base is being translated in the axial direction of the circular base (that is, spiral irradiation).
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer on the base is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation and machined into a desired shape.
  • the fluorocarbon resin composite, the cookware, or the cooker including the thin film of the fluorocarbon resin having excellent abrasion resistance while nonadhesiveness, which is a feature of a fluorocarbon resin, is maintained.
  • the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin is formed on the base, and the fluorocarbon resin is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation.
  • the roller or the belt for use in office automation equipment, including the thin film of the fluorocarbon resin having excellent abrasion resistance and heat resistance while nonadhesiveness, which is a feature of a fluorocarbon resin, is maintained.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the evaluation results of abrasion properties of fluorocarbon resin layers used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the evaluation results of abrasion properties of fluorocarbon resin layers used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing cookware according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure of producing cookware according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a conceptual cross-sectional view showing a step according to an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a conceptual drawing illustrating a method for irradiating a fluorocarbon resin with electron beams.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual drawing illustrating a method for irradiating a fluorocarbon resin layer with electron beams according to an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the evaluation results of abrasion properties of cookware according to an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of cuts in a fluorocarbon resin layer of cookware according to an example of the present invention, the cuts penetrating thorough the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • FIG. 10 is a partially cutout conceptual drawing showing a roller for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure for producing a roller for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating another procedure for producing a roller for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a conceptual partially cross-sectional view illustrating a production process of a roller for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a conceptual partially cross-sectional view illustrating another production process of a roller for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a partially cutout conceptual drawing of a belt for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure for producing a belt for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating another procedure for producing a belt for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18(A) is a conceptual front view and FIG. 18(B) is a conceptual side view, both views illustrating a method of electron beam irradiation in the production of a belt for use in office automation equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a thin fluorocarbon resin film formed on a plate was crosslinked by electron beam irradiation, and then adhesion and a change in abrasion properties were evaluated.
  • a sample was produced as follows: A fluorocarbon resin dispersion (PFA dispersion 950 HP, manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals) was applied by dipping on a 5-mm-thick aluminum plate and baked at 380° C. to form a film with a thickness of 5 An irradiation unit equipped with a chamber and a hot plate (min-EB, output: 30 kV, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) was prepared. The aluminum plate coated with the fluorocarbon resin was placed on the hot plate at a temperature of 400° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere and subjected to electron beam irradiation. Five different amounts of irradiation were used: 30 kGy, 100 kGy, 300 kGy, 900 kGy, and only heating to 400° C. (not irradiated).
  • PFA dispersion 950 HP manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals
  • Abrasion properties were evaluated by the Taber's abrasion resistance test.
  • the Taber's abrasion resistance test is performed by placing Scotch-Brite (registered trademark) (#3000) and a 2-kg weight on the irradiated sample, rotating Scotch-Brite (registered trademark) at 500 rpm, measuring a reduction in the thickness of the PFA film due to friction applied by Scotch-Brite (registered trademark) with respect to the number of revolutions.
  • FIG. 1 shows the evaluation results of the abrasion properties.
  • the horizontal axis of the graph indicates the total number of revolutions of Scotch-Brite (registered trademark).
  • the vertical axis indicates the reduction in the thickness of the sample.
  • a sample was produced as follows: A fluorocarbon resin dispersion (PFA dispersion 950 HP, manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals) was applied by dipping onto a 5-mm-thick aluminum plate and polyimide (PI) (U-Varnish-S, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) and baked at 380° C., thereby forming films each having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
  • the resulting films were subjected to electron beam irradiation with an irradiation unit equipped with a chamber and a hot plate (min-EB, output: 30 kV, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) under a nitrogen atmosphere at a hot-plate temperature of 400° C. and an amount of electron beam irradiation of 100 kGy.
  • the cross-cut test is as follows: Cuts are made in a surface of the sample so as to penetrate to the plate, thereby forming a grid of 100 squares each measuring about 1 ⁇ 1 mm. An operation in which a tape is adhered to the grid and then removed is repeated. This test is to determine how many repetitions of the operation are necessary to detach the sample.
  • the evaluation of the detachment state is based on classes 0 to 10.
  • the samples were classified into class 10 (each cut is thin, the edges of the cuts are smooth, none of the squares of the grid is detached, and no flake is detached at the intersections of the cuts).
  • class 10 each cut is thin, the edges of the cuts are smooth, none of the squares of the grid is detached, and no flake is detached at the intersections of the cuts.
  • the adhesive strength determined by the peeling test is an unmeasurable level (substantially zero).
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the first aspect and relates to cookware.
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual drawing of an inner pot of a rice cooker as an example of cookware.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a base
  • reference numeral 2 denotes a thin film-like fluorocarbon resin on the base 1 .
  • the base 1 includes a bottom and a side.
  • Examples of a material for the base 1 that can be used include metals such as stainless steel, aluminum, and aluminum alloys.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is arranged on a horizontal inner wall of the bottom and a substantially vertical inner wall of the side, has a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is preferably formed of PFA (PFA dispersion 950 HP, manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals).
  • the PFA is composed of a thermoplastic fluorocarbon resin and has a solid content of 33% and a particle size of approximately several tenths of a micrometer; hence, the PFA is suitable for the formation of a thin film using, for example, a fluorocarbon resin dispersion.
  • the inner pot having the structure described above is produced in accordance with a flow chart of a production procedure shown in FIG. 4 .
  • a flat-shaped base is prepared.
  • the flat-shaped base 1 composed of an aluminum alloy (Al—Mn-based, ES 3003, 3004, or 3005) and having a thickness of about 0.6 to about 3.0 mm is prepared.
  • an induction heating (IH) cooker a stainless steel sheet 3 is arranged on the back side of the base 1 , in some cases, as indicated by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. 5 .
  • step S 2 a dispersion of a fine powder composed of an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) dispersed in water is applied to the upper surface of the base 1 by spin coating to form the thin fluorocarbon resin layer 2 .
  • PFA uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin
  • step S 3 the base 1 is placed in a temperature-controlled oven and baked at 380° C. to 420° C. for 10 to 20 minutes.
  • step S 4 electron beam irradiation is performed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to crosslink the resin while the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is melted at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the resin. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 , the base 1 that has the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 facing down is transported above an electron beam irradiation apparatus 20 in the direction indicated by an arrow, so that the entire fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is uniformly subjected to electron beam irradiation.
  • the amount of electron beam irradiation is preferably about 100 kGy.
  • the irradiation unit (min-EB, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) including 10-electron-beam tubes 21 arranged in a staggered configuration is used as the electron beam irradiation apparatus 20 because it is versatile, inexpensive, and compact.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer has a small thickness.
  • a single-layer coating can be formed.
  • electron beams reach the base with the foregoing general-purpose electron beam irradiation apparatus, providing a product having the strong adhesion of the fluorocarbon resin layer to the base.
  • step S 5 the base 1 is subjected to pressing or spinning so as to have a desired shape.
  • the inner pot provided with the crosslinked thin fluorocarbon resin layer 2 formed on the base 1 is completed by the production process suitable for mass production.
  • the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 of the resulting inner pot is evaluated by the Taber's abrasion resistance test.
  • the adhesive strength between the base and the fluorocarbon resin layer is evaluated by the cross-cut test (HS-K-5400, 1998 edition). In both cases, whether the results meet predetermined criteria is checked.
  • a fluorocarbon resin composite including an aluminum base was subjected to pressing with a press actually used for producing an inner pot of a rice cooker in order to check whether the fluorocarbon resin composite was able to withstand pressing and whether the fluorocarbon resin composite did not cause a problem.
  • Two different fluorocarbon resins i.e., a PTFE dispersion (D1-F, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) and a PFA dispersion (945 HP, manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals), were each applied by spin coating to a disk-shaped aluminum (3004) base having a diameter of 360 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm, dried, and baked at 400° C. to form two different fluorocarbon resin composites each including a PTFE film or a PFA film serving as fluorocarbon resin layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on the aluminum base.
  • a PTFE dispersion D1-F, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.
  • PFA dispersion (945 HP manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual drawing showing an electron beam irradiation method.
  • the fluorocarbon resin composite 31 including the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 (PTFE or PFA film) facing up and the aluminum base 32 facing down was placed on a hot plate 35 arranged in a chamber 33 for electron beam irradiation.
  • An opening 36 through which electron beams passed was arranged above partition walls 34 of the chamber 33 .
  • the opening 36 was covered with titanium foil 37 with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
  • the temperature of the hot plate 35 was set to 340° C. for the fluorocarbon resin composite including the PTFE film.
  • the temperature of the hot plate 35 was set to 310° C. for the fluorocarbon resin composite including the PFA layer.
  • the gas in the chamber 33 was replaced with nitrogen (an oxygen concentration in the chamber after replacement of 5 ppm).
  • the layers were irradiated with electron beams at a dose of 60 kGy with a conveyor-type electron beam irradiation system 38 (acceleration voltage: 1.16 MeV, manufactured by NHV Corporation), thereby crosslinking each of PTFE and PFA constituting the fluorocarbon resin layers 2 .
  • each of the samples after electron beam irradiation was cold-stamped into a bowl-shaped article with a die for an inner pot of a rice cooker, thereby forming an inner pot having a depth of 120 mm and a diameter of 190 mm.
  • the stamping of each sample into the bowl-shaped article applied stresses, such as pressure, friction, and tension, to the aluminum base 32 and the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 , the resulting PTFE and PFA films of the inner pots were free from problems, such as detachment and flaws.
  • FIG. 8 shows the evaluation results in addition to results in the case where nonirradiated PTFE and PFA films were provided.
  • FIG. 8 demonstrated that the irradiation of radiation resulted in a significant increase in the abrasion resistance of the PTFE and PFA films. Furthermore, in the irradiated PTFE film, surprisingly, the amount of abrasion was zero even after 20,000 revolutions.
  • the adhesion strength of each of the resulting PTFE film and the PEA film of the inner pots was evaluated by the detachment test, what is called the cross-cut test. The evaluation was made even if the films having flaws and pin holes were subjected to pressing. Thus, 100 cuts were made in each of the PTFE film and the PFA film so as to penetrate to a corresponding one of the bases, thereby forming a grid of 100 squares. Furthermore, two different projections, called Erichsen, having thicknesses of 5 mm and 10 mm were formed in the middle of each sample. The evaluation of the samples was made. A peeling operation was repeated 100 times. Table II shows the test results.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the second aspect and relates to a roller for use in office automation equipment.
  • FIG. 10 is a partially cutout conceptual drawing showing a fixing roller for use in office automation equipment according to the present invention.
  • reference numeral 41 denotes a circular base
  • reference numeral 2 denotes a thin film-like fluorocarbon resin layer on the circular base 41 .
  • the circular base 41 has a cylindrical shape. A heater (not shown) and so forth are accommodated in the cylinder. Examples of a material constituting the circular base 41 include heat-resistant resins such as polyimide resins and polyamide-imide resins and metals such as stainless steel and aluminum.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 has a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation.
  • the fixing roller having the structure described above is produced in accordance with a flow chart of a production procedure shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the circular base 41 is prepared.
  • the circular base 41 composed of polyimide is produced by a method described below. That is, polyimide varnish is applied to the outside of a drum-shaped die having a predetermined outer diameter and a predetermined length while the die is being rotated. Then the die is heated to perform imidization, thereby forming the circular base 41 around the die, the circular base 41 having a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m and being composed of polyimide.
  • an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin 2 is applied onto the circular base 41 by a dispersion method or the like to form a thin film.
  • PFA 950 HP, manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals
  • the PFA is composed of a thermoplastic fluorocarbon resin and has a solid content of 33% and a particle size of approximately several tenths of a micrometer; hence, the PFA is suitable for the formation of a thin film by the dispersion method or the like.
  • an elastic intermediate layer may be formed on the outer surface of the circular base 41 , and the fluorocarbon resin 2 may be applied onto the outer surface of the intermediate layer.
  • an intermediate layer composed of synthetic rubber such as silicone rubber and having a thickness of about 200 ⁇ m is formed on a surface of the circular base 41 with a dispenser. Then the fluorocarbon resin 2 is applied onto the outside of the intermediate layer.
  • step S 3 the fluorocarbon resin 2 is heated to 380° C. to melt dispersion particles, thereby forming a film of the fluorocarbon resin 2 .
  • the fluorocarbon resin 2 is subjected to electron beam irradiation in a nitrogen gas atmosphere before the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin 2 is decreased to a temperature equal to or lower than its melting point, thereby crosslinking the fluorocarbon resin 2 .
  • the heating temperature is appropriately adjusted in response to a material constituting the base.
  • the amount of electron beam irradiation is set to about 100 kGy.
  • An irradiation unit (min-EB, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) is used as an electron beam irradiation apparatus because it is versatile, inexpensive, and compact.
  • a primer layer is needed to bond the circular base 41 to the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 .
  • strong bonding can be achieved by electron beam irradiation without using the primer layer.
  • step S 4 the fluorocarbon resin 2 is cooled, resulting in the fixing roller.
  • the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 of the resulting fixing roller is evaluated by the Taber's abrasion resistance test.
  • the adhesive strength between the circular base 41 and the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is evaluated by the peeling test. In both cases, whether the results meet predetermined criteria is checked.
  • An example of another method for evaluating abrasion resistance is a linear reciprocating wear test (test temperature: 250° C.).
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the second aspect and relates to a roller for use in office automation equipment.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating another procedure for making a fixing roller.
  • step S 1 an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) tube is produced with an upright extruder shown in FIG. 13 .
  • reference numeral 2 denotes a fluorocarbon resin (PFA) tube
  • reference numeral 51 denotes a die (outlet) of the extruder
  • reference numeral 53 denotes an electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 .
  • the die 51 is surrounded by a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
  • a molten uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) obtained by heating fluorocarbon resin pellets (PFA, 950 HP) to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point is fed into the die 51 of the upright extruder.
  • a ring-shaped opening 52 is arranged at the lower end of the die 51 .
  • the molten uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin is extruded from the opening 52 in a downward direction to form the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin tube 2 .
  • step S 2 the downwardly extruded fluorocarbon resin tube 2 is subjected to electron beam irradiation in a nitrogen gas atmosphere with the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 arranged in a circular pattern and below the extruder before the temperature is decreased to a temperature equal to or lower than its melting point, thereby crosslinking the resin.
  • the foregoing irradiation unit (min-EB, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) is used as the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 .
  • the amount of electron beam irradiation is preferably about 100 kGy.
  • the crosslinked fluorocarbon resin tube 2 is cut into a predetermined length.
  • step S 3 the circular base 41 is produced.
  • polyimide varnish is applied to the outside of a drum-shaped die having a predetermined outer diameter and a predetermined length while the die is being rotated. Then the die is heated to perform imidization, thereby forming the circular base 41 having a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m and being composed of polyimide.
  • step S 4 the outer surface of the circular base 41 is covered with the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 serving as the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 .
  • a covering method is a method including applying a viscous adhesive to the outer peripheral surface of the circular base 41 and then forcedly sliding the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 over the circular base.
  • Another example thereof is a method using a heat-shrinkable fluorocarbon resin tube as the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 , the method including inserting the circular base 41 into the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 and then allowing the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 to shrink by heating the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 , thereby bonding the outer peripheral surface of the circular base 41 to the inner peripheral surface of the fluorocarbon resin tube 2 .
  • the fixing roller including the thin fluorocarbon resin layer 2 on the circular base 41 is completed by extrusion suitable for mass production.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the second aspect and relates to a roller for use in office automation equipment.
  • FIG. 14 is a conceptual partially cross-sectional view illustrating a method for producing a fixing roller by another extrusion.
  • reference numeral 41 denotes the circular base
  • reference numeral 61 denotes a die (outlet) of an extruder
  • reference numeral 53 denotes the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 .
  • the die 61 of the extruder has a hole 63 with a diameter slightly larger than that of the circular base 41 . As described below, the circular base 41 passes through the hole 63 .
  • An opening 62 of the die 61 arranged in a circular pattern is located in the inner peripheral wall of the hole 63 .
  • the molten uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) 2 that is heated to its melting point or higher is fed into the die 61 .
  • the die 61 is surrounded by a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
  • the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 is arranged in a circular pattern and behind the extruder.
  • the foregoing irradiation unit (min-EB, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) is used as the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 .
  • the molten uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) 2 heated to its melting point or higher is extruded from the opening 62 of the die 61 so as to be uniformly applied to the outer peripheral surface of the circular base 41 .
  • the circular base 41 provided with the fluorocarbon resin 2 on its outer peripheral surface is further transported.
  • the fluorocarbon resin 2 is subjected to electron beam irradiation with the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at a position where the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 is arranged before the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin 2 is decreased to a temperature equal to or lower than its melting point, thereby crosslinking the fluorocarbon resin 2 .
  • the amount of electron beam irradiation is preferably about 100 kGy.
  • the fluorocarbon resin 2 is cooled, resulting in fixing roller.
  • the thin fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is formed on the circular base 41 by extrusion suitable for mass production.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the second aspect and relates to a belt for use in office automation equipment.
  • FIG. 15 is a partially cutout conceptual drawing showing a transfer belt (or transfer fixing belt) for use in office automation equipment according to the present invention.
  • reference numeral 71 denotes a circular base 71
  • reference numeral 2 denotes a thin film-like fluorocarbon resin layer on the circular base 71 .
  • the circular base 71 has a strip-like shape. In the case of using the circular base 71 as a belt, a heater and so forth are accommodated in the inside. Examples of a material constituting the circular base 71 include heat-resistant resins such as polyimide resins and polyamide-imide resins and metals such as stainless steel and aluminum.
  • the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation.
  • PFA 950 HP, manufactured by Du Pont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals
  • the PFA is composed of a thermoplastic fluorocarbon resin and has a solid content of 33% and a particle size of about 0.2 ⁇ m; hence, the PFA is suitable for the formation of a thin film by the dispersion method or the like.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the second aspect and relates to a belt for use in office automation equipment.
  • the transfer belt (or transfer fixing belt) shown in FIG. 15 is produced by, for example, in accordance with a flow chart of a production procedure shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the circular base 71 is produced.
  • the circular base 71 composed of polyimide is produced by a method described below. That is, polyimide varnish is applied, and then a die is heated to perform imidization, thereby forming the circular base 71 around the die, the circular base 71 having a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m and being composed of polyimide.
  • an elastic intermediate layer may be formed on the outer surface of the circular base 71 , and the fluorocarbon resin 2 may be applied onto the outer surface of the intermediate layer.
  • an intermediate layer composed of synthetic rubber such as silicone rubber and having a thickness of about 200 ⁇ m is formed on a surface of the circular base 71 with a dispenser.
  • step S 2 an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) dispersion is applied to form a thin film composed of the fluorocarbon resin on the circular base 71 .
  • PFA uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin
  • step S 3 the powdery fluorocarbon resin is melted by heating (heating temperature: 380° C.) to form a uniform thin film. Simultaneously, the fluorocarbon resin is subjected to electron beam irradiation in a nitrogen gas atmosphere before the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin is decreased to a temperature equal to or lower than its melting point, thereby crosslinking the fluorocarbon resin. To sufficiently crosslink the fluorocarbon resin, the amount of electron beam irradiation is set to about 100 kGy.
  • An irradiation unit (min-EB, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) is used as an electron beam irradiation apparatus because it is versatile, inexpensive, and compact.
  • step S 4 the fluorocarbon resin is cooled. At this time, if the fluorocarbon resin is rapidly cooled, the crystallization of the fluorocarbon resin does not easily occur, thus improving the flex resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 . Furthermore, the use of a side-chain-type fluorocarbon resin suppresses crystallization and is thus preferred. Moreover, the use of a fluorocarbon resin having a higher molecular weight improves flex resistance and is thus preferred. Note that each of the circular base, the silicone rubber, and the fluorocarbon resin is adjusted by carbon conduction or ionic conduction so as to have a volume resistivity of about 10 11 ⁇ cm. Thereby, the transfer fixing belt is completed.
  • the abrasion resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 of the resulting transfer belt is evaluated by the Taber's abrasion resistance test.
  • the adhesive strength between the circular base 71 and the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is evaluated by the cross-cut test (JIS-K-5400, 1998 edition). In both cases, whether the results meet predetermined criteria is checked.
  • the foregoing linear reciprocating wear test (test temperature: 250° C.) may be available.
  • This embodiment is an embodiment according to the second aspect and relates to a belt for use in office automation equipment.
  • step S 1 a dispersion of a fine powder composed of an uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin (PFA) dispersed in water is applied to a ring-shaped stainless-steel die (cylinder) having a mirror-polished inner peripheral surface by dipping and baked at 380° C., thereby forming a thin film (with a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m) of the uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin on the inner peripheral surface of the ring-shaped die.
  • PFA uncrosslinked fluorocarbon resin
  • an intermediate layer is formed.
  • the ring-shaped die provided with the fluorocarbon resin layer on its inner peripheral surface is placed in a plasma processing chamber.
  • a counter electrode is arranged inside the ring-shaped die so as to face the ring-shaped die.
  • the plasma processing chamber is filled with a He atmosphere.
  • a high-frequency power having predetermined output, voltage, and frequency is applied to the counter electrode and the ring-shaped die also functioning as an electrode for plasma generation. This generates a plasma in a gap between the ring-shaped die and the counter electrode, so that the inner peripheral surface of the fluorocarbon resin layer is subjected to plasma treatment.
  • primers 101A and 101B are mixed in a ratio of 1:1.
  • the resulting mixture is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the fluorocarbon resin and dried to form an adhesive film having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m.
  • silicone rubbers KE-1370A and KE-1370B are mixed in a ratio of 1:1.
  • the viscosity of the mixture is adjusted using a solvent.
  • the mixture is applied to the adhesive film and cured at 150° C., thereby forming the intermediate layer having a thickness of about 200 ⁇ m.
  • a circular base is formed.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate layer is subjected to plasma treatment in the same way as the plasma treatment of the fluorocarbon resin layer.
  • a thermoplastic polyimide (Rikacoat PN-20, manufactured by New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd.) is applied and dried at 220° C., thereby forming the circular base 71 having a thickness of about 80 ⁇ m.
  • the circular base, the intermediate layer, and the fluorocarbon resin layer are pulled out from the die, thereby affording a circular belt including the circular base 71 , the intermediate layer 72 , and the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 (surface layer) shown in FIGS. 18(A) and 18(B) .
  • each of the surface layer (fluorocarbon resin layer), the adhesive layer (primer layer), the elastic layer (silicone rubber layer), and the base (polyimide layer) is adjusted by carbon conduction or ionic conduction so as to have a volume resistivity of about 10 11 ⁇ cm.
  • step S 4 after a core is inserted into a hollow portion of the circular belt, the circular belt is rotated as shown in FIG. 18 . Nitrogen gas heated to 400° C. is blown on the surface layer of the circular belt, increasing the temperature of the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point. Then Electron beam irradiation is performed, resulting in the crosslinked fluorocarbon resin layer 2 .
  • the entire fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is uniformly subjected to electron beam irradiation while the circular belt provided with the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 , which is a target irradiated, on its outer peripheral surface is being rotated and while the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 arranged outside the circular belt is being translated in the x direction indicated by an arrow (that is, spiral irradiation).
  • the amount of electron beam irradiation is preferably about 100 kGy.
  • the foregoing irradiation unit (min-EB, manufactured by Ushio Inc.) is used as the electron beam irradiation apparatus 53 .
  • a cooling point is set at a position located 180 degrees apart from a heating point. Rapid cooling is performed so as not to degrade the intermediate layer 72 before the temperature of the intermediate layer 72 located under the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 reaches the decomposition temperature. Rapid cooling also improves the flex resistance of the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 .
  • the transfer belt including the circular base 71 , the intermediate layer 72 , and the fluorocarbon resin layer 2 is completed by the production process suitable for mass production.

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US12/665,555 2007-06-20 2008-06-11 Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment, and method for producing them Abandoned US20100285262A1 (en)

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PCT/JP2008/060660 WO2008156016A1 (ja) 2007-06-20 2008-06-11 フッ素樹脂複合材、調理器具、調理器、ｏａ機器用ローラ、ｏａ機器用ベルトおよびそれらの製造方法

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US14/089,516 Division US20140109641A1 (en) 2007-06-20 2013-11-25 Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment , and method for producing them

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US14/089,516 Abandoned US20140109641A1 (en) 2007-06-20 2013-11-25 Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment , and method for producing them
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US14/089,594 Abandoned US20140106084A1 (en) 2007-06-20 2013-11-25 Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment , and method for producing them

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JP5652739B2 (ja) 2015-01-14
US20140106084A1 (en) 2014-04-17
JP5707659B2 (ja) 2015-04-30
JPWO2008156016A1 (ja) 2010-08-26
US9776289B2 (en) 2017-10-03
JP2013209670A (ja) 2013-10-10
JP2013189650A (ja) 2013-09-26
US20140109641A1 (en) 2014-04-24
JP5401723B2 (ja) 2014-01-29

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