TWI576362B - 嵌段共聚物 - Google Patents
嵌段共聚物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI576362B TWI576362B TW104132186A TW104132186A TWI576362B TW I576362 B TWI576362 B TW I576362B TW 104132186 A TW104132186 A TW 104132186A TW 104132186 A TW104132186 A TW 104132186A TW I576362 B TWI576362 B TW I576362B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- block copolymer
- block
- atom
- structural formula
- Prior art date
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- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 S (= O) 2 - Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 50
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001654 grazing-incidence X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- LVJZCPNIJXVIAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C=C)C(F)=C1F LVJZCPNIJXVIAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SZBHRHYLUMGWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-ol Chemical compound OC=1C(C(C=C)(C=C(C=1F)F)F)F SZBHRHYLUMGWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012969 di-tertiary-butyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012712 reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBLNBZIONSLZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCBr PBLNBZIONSLZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTPFRRRNIYVFFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxane Chemical compound CC1(C)COC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 YTPFRRRNIYVFFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSVOWVXHKOQYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C#N QSVOWVXHKOQYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C#N AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXIWNTUHAKAVOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=C1CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1 Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=C1CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1 UXIWNTUHAKAVOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000252506 Characiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012987 RAFT agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005452 alkenyloxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021398 atomic carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940030980 inova Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKRHDMPWBFBQDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hexylmethanediimine Chemical compound CCCCCCN=C=N JKRHDMPWBFBQDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012985 polymerization agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002954 polymerization reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00388—Etch mask forming
- B81C1/00428—Etch mask forming processes not provided for in groups B81C1/00396 - B81C1/0042
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/002—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
- B05D1/005—Spin coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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Description
本發明係關於嵌段共聚物和其用途。
嵌段共聚物所具有的分子結構中,各具有不同化學結構的聚合物嵌段藉共價鍵彼此連接。嵌段共聚物可藉相分離形成規則排列的結構,如球、圓柱和層狀結構。因嵌段共聚物的自組現象而形成的結構所具有的區段的尺寸可在寬範圍內調整,且該區段可製成各種形式,這些形式可用於各種下一代的奈米裝置、磁性儲存介質、和圖案(藉微影術之類):特定言之,製造高密度磁性記錄介質、奈米線、量子點、金屬點之類。
用於以上製造圖案之嵌段共聚物所需的材料性質包括蝕刻選擇性和自組性質。即,製造圖案所用遮罩之製造要求選擇性地自自組嵌段共聚物中之化學上彼此不同的嵌段移除任一嵌段之程序;在以上程序期間內無法確保嵌段之蝕刻選擇性的情況中,則該嵌段共聚物難用以製造圖案。
本申請案提供嵌段共聚物和其用途。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烷基”是指具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子的烷基。以上烷基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烷氧基”是指具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子的烷氧基。以上烷氧基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烯基”或“炔基”是指具2至20個碳原子,2至16個碳原子,2至12個碳原子,2至8個碳原子或2至4個碳原子的烯基或炔基。以上烯基或炔基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“伸烷基”是指具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子的伸烷
基。以上伸烷基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型伸烷基,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“伸烯基”或“伸炔基”是指具2至20個碳原子,2至16個碳原子,2至12個碳原子,2至8個碳原子或2至4個碳原子的伸烯基或伸炔基。以上伸烯基或伸炔基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“芳基”或“伸芳基”是指單價或二價部分,其係衍生自具有苯環結構的化合物或者二或更多個苯環彼此連接(藉共享一或兩個碳原子或藉任何鏈接物)的結構之化合物或衍生自以上化合物的衍生物。除非特定指明,否則以上芳基或伸芳基是指具有,例如,6至30個碳原子,6至25個碳原子,6至21個碳原子,6至18個碳原子,或6至13個碳原子的芳基或伸芳基。
本申請案中,“芳族結構”是指以上芳基或伸芳基。
本說明書中,除非特定指明,否則“脂環狀環結構”是指,芳環結構以外的環型烴原子結構。除非特定指明,否則以上脂環狀環結構是指具有,例如,3至30個碳原子,3至25個碳原子,3至21個碳原子,3至18個碳原子,或3至13個碳原子的脂環狀環結構。
本申請案中,“單鍵”是指特別的原子不存在於對應區域中之情況。例如,B代表A-B-C所示結構中的
單鍵時,可視為沒有特別的原子存在於標記為B的區域,造成介於A和C之間直接連接而形成A-C所示結構。
本申請案中,可任意取代烷基、烯基、炔基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、烷氧基、芳基、伸芳基、鏈、芳族結構之類的一或更多個部分的取代基的例子可包括,但不限於,羥基、鹵原子、羧基、環氧丙基、丙烯醯基、甲基丙烯醯基、丙烯醯氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、巰基、烷基、烯基、炔基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、烷氧基、和芳基等。
本申請案之嵌段共聚物可包含含括以下結構式1所示結構單元的嵌段(下文中稱為嵌段1)。該嵌段1可以僅由以下結構式1所示結構單元所組成或除了以上結構式1所示結構單元以外,可含有另一結構單元。
結構式1中,R代表氫原子或烷基;X代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1代表氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;Y代表單價取代基,其連接包括8或更多個成鏈原子的鏈之環
結構。
另一例子中,結構式1的X代表單鍵、氧原子、羰基、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-、或-C(=O)-O-,雖未限於此。
結構式1的Y所示的單價取代基包括由至少8個成鏈原子建構的鏈結構。
本申請案中,“成鏈原子”是指形成預定鏈之直鏈結構的原子。此鏈可為直鏈型或支鏈型,但成鏈原子數僅以形成最長直鏈的原子數計,且鍵結至以上成鏈原子的其他原子(如,當成鏈原子係碳原子時,鍵結至碳原子的氫原子之類)不列入計算。在支鏈型鏈的情況中,成鏈原子數為形成最長鏈之成鏈原子數。例如,鏈是正戊基時,所有的成鏈原子是碳且成鏈原子數是5,而當鏈是2-甲基戊基時,所有的成鏈原子是碳且成鏈原子數是5。成鏈原子的例子可包括碳、氧、硫、和氮;適當的成鏈原子可為碳、氧和氮中之任一者,或碳和氧中之任一者。在鏈中的成鏈原子數可為8或更多,9或更多,10或更多,11或更多,或12或更多。鏈中的成鏈原子數亦可為30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,或16或更少。
結構式1所示結構單元可提供所屬上述嵌段共聚物極佳的自組性質。
一個具體實施例中,上述鏈可為直鏈烴鏈,如直鏈烷基。此處,該烷基可為具8或更多個碳原子,8至30個碳原子,8至25個碳原子,8至20個碳原子,或
8至16個碳原子的烷基。以上烷基中的一或更多個碳原子各者可被氧原子任意地取代,且烷基中的至少一個氫原子可被另一取代基任意地取代。
結構式1中,Y可包括環結構,且上述鏈可連接至環結構。此環結構可用以進一步改良該單體所屬嵌段共聚物的自組性質等。該環結構可為芳族結構或脂環狀結構。
上述鏈可直接或藉連接物連接至上述環結構。連接物的例子可包括氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-和-X1-C(=O)-,其中R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基或芳基,且X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基,其中R2代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基。適當連接物的例子包括氧原子和氮原子。以上鏈可連接至芳族結構,例如,藉氧原子或氮原子。此處,上述連接物可為氧原子或-NR1-(其中R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基)。
一個具體實施例中,結構式1的Y可為以下結構式2所示者。
[結構式2]-P-Q-Z
結構式2中,P代表伸芳基;Q代表單鍵、氧
原子或-NR6-,其中R6代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基或芳基;且Z代表具8或更多個成鏈原子的前述鏈。當結構式1的Y是結構式2所示取代基時,結構式2的P可直接連接至結構式1的X。
結構式2的P的適當具體實施例可包括,但不限於,具6至12個碳原子的伸芳基,例如,伸苯基。
結構式2的Q的適當具體實施例可包括氧原子和-NR6-(其中R6代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基)。
結構式1之結構單元的適當具體實施例可包括結構式1的結構單元,其中R代表氫原子或烷基(如,具1至4個碳原子的烷基),X代表-C(=O)-O-,且Y為結構式2所示者,其中P代表伸苯基或具6至12個碳原子的伸芳基,Q代表氧原子,且Z代表含8或更多個成鏈原子的前述鏈。
因此,結構式1之適當的例示結構單元可包括以下結構式3所示結構單元。
結構式3中,R代表氫原子或具1至4個碳原子的烷基,X代表-C(=O)-O-,P代表具6至12個碳原子的伸芳基,Q代表氧原子,且Z代表含8或更多個成鏈原子的前述鏈。
另一具體實施例中,嵌段1的結構單元(結構式1所示者)亦可為以下結構式4所示者。
結構式4中,R1和R2各者獨立地代表氫原子或具1至4個碳原子的烷基;X代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;T代表單鍵或伸芳基;Q代表單鍵或羰基;且Y代表含有8或更多個成鏈原子的鏈。
結構式4中,X代表單鍵、氧原子、羰基、-C(=O)-O-、或-O-C(=O)-。
結構式4的Y的鏈的特定例子可類似於已於
結構式1所述者。
另一具體實施例中,嵌段1的任一結構單元(結構式1、3和4所示者)中所含的鏈(具8或更多個成鏈原子)的至少一個成鏈原子之陰電性為3或更高。另一具體實施例中,上述原子的陰電性可為3.7或更低。陰電性為3或更高之以上原子的例子可包括,但不限於,氮原子和氧原子。
與含有上述結構單元之嵌段1一起含於嵌段共聚物中的嵌段2可至少含有以下結構式5所示的結構單元。
結構式5中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X’-或-X’-C(=O)-,其中X’代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基、鹵原子或光可交聯官能
基,其中標記為R1至R5的位置中所含光可交聯官能基的數目為1或更多。
嵌段2可以僅由結構式5所示結構單元所構成或含有一或更多個將述於本說明書下文中的額外結構單元。嵌段2除了結構式5所示結構單元以外,含有一或更多個額外的結構單元時,各結構單元可在嵌段2中形成獨立的次嵌段,或可隨機地位於嵌段2中。
如前述者,結構式5所示結構單元含有至少一個光可交聯官能基。嵌段共聚物在形成自組結構之前或之後,可藉此光可交聯官能基交聯。僅在嵌段2中誘發交聯反應時,可改良嵌段1和嵌段2之間的蝕刻選擇性。
以光照射時可交聯並生成自由基之官能基(下文中,稱為光自由基生成基團)或不會生成自由基但會在自由基存在下交聯之官能基可作為結構式5的單元中所含括之光可交聯官能基的例子。在所提到基團之後者的例子中,嵌段共聚物可以與適當的自由基引發劑用於程序中。光可交聯官能基的例子可為苯甲醯苯氧基、烯氧基羰基、(甲基)丙烯醯基或烯氧基烷基,但不限於此。
結構式5所示結構單元可含有1或更多個光可交聯官能基;例如,至少R3可代表以上光可交聯官能基。
結構式5所示結構單元除了以上光可交聯官能基以外,可含有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子(如,氟原子)。結構單元所
含鹵原子(如氟原子)的數目亦可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
結構式5所示結構單元中,R1至R5中之至少一者,一至三或一至二者可代表上述可交聯的官能基。
結構式5所示結構單元中,1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子含於標記為R1至R5的位置。含於標記為R1至R5的位置處之鹵原子的數目亦可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
嵌段2除了結構式5所示結構單元以外,含有額外結構單元時,結構式5所示結構單元的比例可調整至可發生足夠的交聯反應且可同時維持嵌段共聚物之自組性質的範圍內。例如,以上結構單元(結構式5所示者)在嵌段2中的比例可為約0.1mol%至5mol%,0.5mol%至5mol%,1mol%至5mol%,1.5mol%至5mol%,1.5mol%至4mol%,或1.5mol%至3mol%,此以嵌段2中之結構單元的總莫耳數計。可取決於嵌段共聚物中所含結構單元或嵌段的類型而調整此比例。
嵌段共聚物的嵌段2除了以上結構式5所示結構單元以外,可含有另一結構單元。此處,未特別限制額外含有之結構單元的類型。
例如,嵌段2可額外含有聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮結構單元、聚乳酸結構單元、聚(乙烯基吡啶)結構單元、聚苯乙烯結構單元(如聚苯乙烯和聚(三甲基矽基苯
乙烯))、聚伸烷化氧結構單元(如聚伸乙化氧)、聚丁二烯結構單元、聚異戊烯結構單元、或聚烯烴結構單元(如聚乙烯)。
一個具體實施例中,嵌段2除了結構式5所示結構單元以外,可含有具一或更多個鹵原子之芳族結構的結構單元。
例如,以上結構單元可為不同於結構式5之不含有可交聯官能基的結構單元。
嵌段2的此第二結構單元可為,例如,以下結構式6所示結構單元。
結構式6中,B代表具有具一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構之單價取代基。
藉由與其他嵌段(如嵌段1)具有極佳的交互作用,含有以上結構單元的嵌段可賦予所屬嵌段共聚物極佳的自組性質。
結構式6中,芳族結構可為,例如,具6至18個碳原子或6至12個碳原子的芳族結構。
結構式6的鹵原子的例子可為氟原子或氯原子,且較佳地選擇氟原子,雖未限於此。
一個具體實施例中,結構式6的B可為具有含有6至12個碳原子且經1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子部分取代的芳族結構之單價取代基。以上描述中,對於鹵原子的最大數目沒有特別的限制,且可以有,例如,10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少個鹵原子存在。
此處,以上結構單元(結構式6所示者)亦可為以下結構式7所示者。
結構式7中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X’-或-X’-C(=O)-,其中X’代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;且W代表具至少一個鹵原子的芳基。W可為經至少一個鹵原子部分取代的芳基;例如,其可為具6至12個碳原子且經2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子部分取代的芳基。
另一具體實施例中,以上結構單元(結構式6所示者)亦可為以下結構式8所示者。
結構式8中,X3代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X’-或-X’-C(=O)-,其中X’代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;且Ra至Re各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基或鹵原子,其中標示為Ra至Re的位置所含的鹵原子數為1或更多。
另一具體實施例中,結構式8的X3可代表單鍵、氧原子、伸烷基、-C(=O)-O-、或-O-C(=O)-。
結構式8中,Ra至Re各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基或鹵原子,且有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子(如,氟原子)含於標記為Ra至Re的位置。標記為Ra至Re的位置所含的鹵原子(如,氟原子)數亦可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
嵌段2除了結構式5所示結構單元以外,含有以上具有一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構之結構單元
(如,結構式6至8之任一者所示結構單元)時,以上具有一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構之結構單元的莫耳數(DH)對結構式5所示結構單元的莫耳數(D5)之比(DH/D5)可為約35至65,約40至60,或約40至50。
本申請案之嵌段共聚物係由前述嵌段1和嵌段2各者中之一或更多者所構成的嵌段共聚物。其可為僅由兩種類型的嵌段所構成的二嵌段共聚物,或其可為三嵌段或多嵌段(具有超過三種類型的嵌段)共聚物,其含有嵌段1和嵌段2之一或二者中之二或更多者或除了嵌段1和嵌段2以外另含有其他類型的嵌段。
以上嵌段共聚物可固有地展現極佳的相分離或極佳的自組性質。藉由適當地選擇和合併嵌段及滿足本發明書中將於以下描述的一或更多個參數,可進一步改良此相分離或自組性質。
嵌段共聚物含有2或更多個藉共價鍵彼此連接的聚合物鏈,並因此發生相分離。本申請案之嵌段共聚物展現相分離性質且,必要時,經由微相分離,可形成奈米尺寸結構。此奈米結構的形式和尺寸可由嵌段共聚物的尺寸(分子量之類)或嵌段間的相對比來控制。可經由相分離而形成之結構的例子可包括球、圓柱、螺旋二十四面體(gyroid)、層狀物和反轉結構,且可將該嵌段共聚物形成此結構的能力稱為“自組(self-assembling)”。本發明者識別出,在本說明書之前述各種嵌段共聚物中,嵌段共聚物滿足本說明書中以下將描述的各種參數中之至少一
者時,此嵌段共聚物固有地展現顯著改良的自組性質。本申請案之嵌段共聚物滿足任一參數,或同時滿足2或更多個參數。特別地,識別出藉由滿足一或更多個適當的參數,嵌段共聚物可展現垂直定向。本申請案中,“垂直定向(vertical orientation)”是指嵌段共聚物定向的方向且是指嵌段共聚物所形成的奈米結構之定向垂直於基板方向。用於控制嵌段共聚物之自組結構水平或垂直於各種基板上的技術大大決定了嵌段共聚物的實際施用。嵌段共聚物膜中的奈米結構之定向通常由構成嵌段共聚物之嵌段中的嵌段暴於表面或在空氣中決定。通常,基板大多為極性且空氣為非極性;因此,構成嵌段共聚物中之具有較高極性的嵌段潤濕基板,而具有較低極性的嵌段潤濕與空氣之界面。因此,提出數種技巧以有助於嵌段共聚物之各具有不同性質之不同類型的嵌段同時潤濕基板面,最具代表性的是製造中性表面以控制定向。但是,在本申請案的一方面中,適當地控制以下參數時,嵌段聚合物亦垂直定向於未以任何方法(如表面中和化處理,此為此領域中習知者)事先處理過的基板上。本申請案的另一方面中,藉由熱退火,亦可在短時間內在大面積上誘發以上的垂直定向。
本發明的一方面之嵌段共聚物能夠形成膜,其在低掠角小角度X射線散射(grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering)(GISAXS)期間內,在疏水表面上產生平面內繞射圖案。以上嵌段共聚物能夠形成膜,該
膜在GISAXS期間內,在疏水表面上產生平面內繞射圖案(in-plane diffraction pattern)。
本申請案中,在GISAXS期間內,產生平面內繞射圖案是指在GISAXS分析期間內,在GISAXS繞射圖案中,出現垂直於x-分量的峰。此峰因為嵌段共聚物的垂直定向而被察覺。因此,嵌段共聚物產生平面內繞射圖案代表垂直定向。另一例子中,在GISAXS繞射圖案的x-分量上觀察到的前述峰的數目可為至少2,且當有數個峰存在時,所觀察到的峰的散射向量(q值)具有整數比,各情況中,可進一步改良嵌段共聚物的相分離效率。
本申請案中,“垂直”可以有誤差;例如,此詞彙的定義可包括在±10度,±8度,±6度,±4度,或±2度範圍內的誤差。
能夠形成在親水表面和疏水表面二者上產生平面內繞射圖案的膜之嵌段共聚物可在未經任何特別的方法事先處理以誘發垂直定向的各種表面上展現垂直定向。本申請案中,“親水表面”是指對於經純化的水的潤濕角度在5度至20度範圍內的表面。親水表面的例子包括,但不限於,以氧電漿、硫酸或食人魚溶液(piranha solution)進行過表面處理的矽表面。本申請案中,“疏水表面”是指對於經純化的水的潤濕角度在50度至70度範圍內的表面。疏水表面的例子可包括,但不限於,以氧電漿進行過表面處理的聚二甲基矽氮烷(PDMS)表面、以六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)進行過表面處理的矽表面,及
以氟化氫(HF)進行過表面處理的矽表面。
除非特定指明,否則可視本申請案中之溫度而改變的性質(如潤濕角度)的數值係於室溫測得。“室溫”是指於其未加熱或冷卻的常態溫度,且可以是指約10℃至30℃,約25℃,或約23℃的溫度。
形成於親水或疏水表面上且在GISAXS期間內產生平面內繞射圖案的膜可為已進行過熱退火處理的膜。用於GISAXS測定的膜可藉由,例如,以上嵌段共聚物以約0.7重量%濃度溶於溶劑(如,氟苯)中而製得的溶液以約25nm厚度和2.25cm2(寬:1.5cm,長:1.5cm)塗覆面積施於親水或疏水表面上及熱退火此塗層而形成。此熱退火可藉例如使得以上的膜維持於約160℃溫度約1小時的方式進行。GISAXS可藉對前述方式製得的膜上進行X-射線入射而測定,其入射角度在約0.12至0.23度範圍內。膜散射的繞射圖案藉本領域習知的測定裝置(如2D mar CCD)得到。使用繞射圖案證實平面內繞射圖案之存在與否之方法為本領域習知者。
觀察到在GISAXS期間內具有前述峰之嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質,其亦可取決於目的而經有效地控制。
在X-射線繞射(XRD)分析期間內,本申請案之嵌段共聚物有至少一個峰出現於預定的散射向量q範圍內。
例如,在XRD分析期間內,以上嵌段共聚物
具有至少一個峰在0.5nm-1至10nm-1的散射向量q範圍內。另一具體實施例中,出現以上峰的散射向量q可為0.7nm-1或更高,0.9nm-1或更高,1.1nm-1或更高,1.3nm-1或更高,或1.5nm-1或更高。另一具體實施例中,出現以上峰的散射向量q亦可為9nm-1或更低,8nm-1或更低,7nm-1或更低,6nm-1或更低,5nm-1或更低,4nm-1或更低,3.5nm-1或更低,或3nm-1或更低。
在以上散射向量q範圍內觀察到的峰的半高寬(FWHM)在0.2至0.9nm-1範圍內。另一具體實施例中,以上FWHM可為0.25nm-1或更高,0.3nm-1或更高,或0.4nm-1或更高。另一具體實施例中,以上FWHM亦可為0.85nm-1或更低,0.8nm-1或更低,或0.75nm-1或更低。
本申請案中,“FWHM”是指最大峰於最大高度一半處的寬度(即,兩個極端散射向量q值之間的差)。
XRD分析中的上述散射向量q和FWHM係將施用最小平方回歸之數值分析法用於XRD分析結果而得到的數值。以上方法中,將對應於XRD繞射圖案之最低強度的部分設定為基線且最低強度設定為零,之後對以上XRD圖的峰型進行Gaussian擬合,自擬合結果得到前述散射向量q和FWHM。進行以上的Gaussian擬合時,R-平方值是至少0.9或更高,0.92或更高,0.94或更高,或0.96或更高。自XRD分析得到資訊之方法,如前述者,為本領域習知者;例如,可使用數值分析程式,如
Origin。
在前述散射向量q範圍中製造具有前述FWHM值的峰之嵌段共聚物具有適用於自組的晶狀區域。已證實在前述散射向量q範圍中之嵌段共聚物能夠展現極佳的自組性質。
XRD分析可藉由使得X-射線穿透嵌段共聚物試樣及之後測定散射強度與散射向量的關係而得。XRD分析可以在此嵌段共聚物上進行,無須任何特別的前處理;例如,可藉由在適當條件下乾燥該嵌段共聚物及之後以X-射線穿透的方式進行。可使用垂直尺寸為0.023mm且水平尺寸為0.3mm的X-射線。經由擷取得自試樣散射的2D繞射圖案(其係藉由使用測量裝置(如2D mar CCD)及以前述方法擬合所得的繞射圖案之影像形式),可得到散射向量和FWHM。
構成嵌段共聚物之嵌段中之至少一者含有本說明書將於以下描述的前述鏈時,該鏈中的成鏈原子數n滿足散射向量q(其自前述XRD分析得到)和以下數學式1二者。
[數學式1]3nm-1至5nm-1=nq/(2×π)
在數學式1中,n代表前述成鏈原子數,而q代表在以上嵌段共聚物進行XRD分析的期間內,可偵測到的峰的最小散射向量或觀察到具有最大峰面積之峰的散射向量。此外,數學式1中,π代表圓周對其直徑的比。
以上數學式1中的q等係以如前述XRD分析法描述之相同方式得到的數值。
數學式1的q等可為,例如,在0.5nm-1至10nm-1範圍內的散射向量。另一具體實施例中,數學式1的q可為0.7nm-1或更高,0.9nm-1或更高,1.1nm-1或更高,1.3nm-1或更高,或1.5nm-1或更高。另一具體實施例中,數學式1中的q亦可為9nm-1或更低,8nm-1或更低,7nm-1或更低,6nm-1或更低,5nm-1或更低,4nm-1或更低,3.5nm-1或更低,或3nm-1或更低。
數學式1描述當嵌段共聚物自組形成相分離結構時,含有前述鏈的嵌段之間的距離D和成鏈原子數之間的關係。當含有前述鏈的嵌段共聚物中之成鏈原子數滿足數學式1時,鏈的晶度提高,並藉此可明顯改良相分離或垂直定向性質。另一具體實施例中,數學式1中的nq/(2×π)可為4.5nm-1或更低。以上描述中,藉由使用數學式,D=2×π/q,可計算出含有以上鏈之嵌段中的距離(D,單位:nm),其中D代表嵌段間的以上距離(D,單位:nm),且π和q如數學式1中之定義。
本申請案的一個方面中,介於嵌段共聚物中之嵌段1的表面能量和嵌段2的表面能量之間的差的絕對值可為10mN/m或更低,9mN/m或更低,8mN/m或更低,7.5mN/m或更低,或7mN/m或更低。介於以上表面能量之間的差的絕對值亦可為1.5mN/m,2mN/m,或2.5mN/m或更高。表面能量之間的差的絕對值在以上範圍
內之嵌段1和嵌段2彼此藉共價鍵連接的結構能夠誘發相分離,此因不互溶程度足夠之故。以上描述中,嵌段1可為,例如,含有前述鏈的前述嵌段。
表面能量可藉由使用Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100(KRUSS GmbH生產)測定。特定言之,在藉由將塗覆液(待測標的試樣(即,嵌段共聚物或均聚物)溶於氟苯中至固體濃度約2重量%而製得)以厚度約50nm且塗覆面積為4cm2(寬:2cm,長:2cm)施用在基板上,於室溫乾燥約1小時,及之後於160℃熱退火約1小時而製得的膜上可測得表面能量。重複5次藉由將本領域已知其表面張力的去離子水滴在以上經熱退火的膜上以測定接觸角度的程序,並將這5個測得的接觸角度值加以平均。類似地,重複5次藉由將本領域已知其表面張力的二碘甲烷滴在以上經熱退火的膜上以測定接觸角度的程序,並將這5個測得的接觸角度值加以平均。然後,使用分別以去離子水和二碘甲烷測得之接觸角度的平均值,將對應於溶劑之表面張力的數值(Strom值)代入根據Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble方法的數學式中,能夠得到表面能量。藉由將上述方法用於僅由構成以上嵌段之單體所構成的均聚物上,可得到對應於嵌段共聚物的各嵌段之表面能量的數值。
嵌段共聚物含有前述鏈時,含有該鏈的嵌段所具有的表面能量高於其他嵌段所具有的表面能量。例如,當嵌段共聚物的嵌段1中含有以上鏈時,嵌段1的表
面能量高於嵌段2。此處,嵌段1的表面能量可在約20mN/m至40mN/m範圍內。以上嵌段1的表面能量可為22mN/m或更高,24mN/m或更高,26mN/m或更高,或28mN/m或更高。以上嵌段1的表面能量亦可為38mN/m或更低,36mN/m或更低,34mN/m或更低,或32mN/m或更低。前述之含有嵌段1且嵌段1的表面能量不同於嵌段2之嵌段共聚物可展現極佳的自組性質。
嵌段共聚物中,嵌段1和嵌段2之間之密度差的絕對值可為0.25g/cm3或更高,0.3g/cm3或更高,0.35g/cm3或更高,0.4g/cm3或更高,或0.45g/cm3或更高。前述密度差的絕對值可為0.9g/cm3或更高,0.8g/cm3或更低,0.7g/cm3或更低,0.65g/cm3或更低,或0.6g/cm3或更低。嵌段1和嵌段2之密度差的絕對值在以上範圍內且彼此藉共價鍵連接之結構因為足夠的不互溶程度造成的相分離而可誘發有效的微相分離。
以上嵌段共聚物中之各嵌段的密度可藉由使用本領域中習知的浮力法測定;例如,可藉由分析嵌段共聚物在溶劑(如乙醇,已知其於空氣中質量和密度)中的質量而測得密度。
嵌段共聚物含有前述鏈時,含有此鏈的嵌段所具有的密度低於其他嵌段。例如,嵌段共聚物的嵌段1中含有前述鏈時,嵌段1的密度低於嵌段2。此處,嵌段1的密度可在約0.9g/cm3至1.5g/cm3範圍內。以上嵌段1的密度可為0.95g/cm3或更高。以上嵌段1的密度可為
1.4g/cm3或更低,1.3g/cm3或更低,1.2g/cm3或更低,1.1g/cm3或更低,或1.05g/cm3或更低。含有以上嵌段1(其密度不同於上述嵌段2)之嵌段共聚物可展現極佳的自組性質。上述表面能量和密度可為於室溫測得的數值。
嵌段共聚物可含有體積分率在0.4至0.8範圍內的嵌段和體積分率在0.2至0.6範圍內的嵌段。嵌段共聚物含有上述鏈時,含有鏈之嵌段的體積分率可在0.4至0.8範圍內。例如,此鏈含於嵌段1中時,嵌段1的體積分率可在0.4至0.8範圍內,而嵌段2的體積分率可在0.2至0.6範圍內。嵌段1和嵌段2的體積分率的和等於1。含有上述體積分率之各嵌段之嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質。基於嵌段的密度和分子量(其藉凝膠穿透層析法(GPC)測得)得到嵌段共聚物中之各嵌段的體積分率。
嵌段共聚物的數量平均分子量(Mn)可為,例如,在3,000至300,000範圍內。本說明書中,“數量平均分子量”是指以GPC測得並基於聚苯乙烯標準品校正的值,且在本說明書中,除非特定指明,否則“分子量”是指數量平均分子量。另一具體實施例中,Mn可為,例如,3000或更高,5000或更高,7000或更高,9000或更高,11000或更高,13000或更高,或15000或更高。又另一具體實施例中,Mn可為約250000或更低,200000或更低,180000或更低,160000或更低,140000或更低,120000或更低,100000或更低,90000或更低,80000或更低,70000或更低,60000或更低,50000或更低,
40000或更低,30000或更低,或25000或更低。嵌段共聚物的多分散性(Mw/Mn)可以在1.01至1.60的範圍內。另一具體實施例中,Mw/Mn可為約1.1或更高,約1.2或更高,約1.3或更高,或約1.4或更高。
在此範圍內,嵌段共聚物可展現足夠的自組性。可以考慮感興趣的自組結構等,調整嵌段共聚物的Mn等。
嵌段共聚物至少含有前述嵌段1和嵌段2時,嵌段1(如,含有前述鏈的嵌段之比例)在以上嵌段共聚物中之比例可在10mol%至90mol%範圍內。
本申請案中,對於製備以上嵌段共聚物的詳細方法沒有特別的限制,只要該方法包括藉由使用可形成前述結構單元各者之單體而形成嵌段共聚物的至少一個嵌段即可。
例如,可使用以上單體,在活性自由基聚合(LRP)方法中製得嵌段共聚物。該方法的例子包括藉陰離子聚合反應合成,其中有機稀土金屬錯合物或有機鹼金屬化合物作為聚合反應引發劑,此在鹼金屬和無機酸鹽(如鹼土金屬)存在下進行;藉陰離子聚合法合成,其中有機鹼金屬化合物作為聚合反應引發劑,此在有機鋁化合物存在下進行;原子轉移自由基聚合反應(ATRP)方法,其中ATRP劑作為聚合反應控制劑;藉電子轉移再生活化劑(ARGET)ATRP方法,其中ATRP劑作為聚合反應控制劑,但聚合反應發生於有機或無機還原劑(其產生
電子)存在時;用於連續活化劑再生之引發劑(ICAR)ATRP方法;藉可逆性加成一裂鏈轉移(RAFT)方法之聚合反應,其中,使用無機還原劑和RAFT劑;及使用有機碲化合物作為引發劑之方法,可自前述方法中選用適當的方法。
例如,前述嵌段共聚物可經由反應物(其包括能夠形成前述嵌段的單體)之聚合反應,藉由活性自由基聚合法,在自由基引發劑和活性自由基聚合反應劑存在下進行。
對於形成在製備嵌段共聚物的期間內與前述單體形成的嵌段一併含於嵌段共聚物中之的另一嵌段之方法沒有特別的限制;可以考慮用於形成其他嵌段之感興趣的嵌段類型,適當地選擇單體。
製備嵌段共聚物之程序可進一步包括,例如,使經由以上程序製得的聚合反應產物沉澱於非溶劑中。
對於自由基引發劑的類型沒有特別的限制,且可以考慮聚合效能,適當地選擇自由基引發劑;例如,可以使用偶氮化合物(如偶氮基雙異丁腈(AIBN)和2,2’-偶氮基雙-(2,4-二甲基戊腈)或過氧化物系列(如苄醯過氧化物(BPO)和二-三級丁基過氧化物(DTBP))。
活性自由基聚合程序可以,例如,在溶劑(如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、二氯苯、苯、甲
苯、丙酮、氯仿、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、單甘二甲醚(monoglyme)、二甘二甲醚(diglyme)、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲亞碸、和二甲基乙醯胺)中進行。
非溶劑的例子包括,但不限於,醇(如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、和異丙醇)、二醇(如乙二醇)、正己烷、環己烷、正庚烷、和醚(如石油醚)。
本申請案亦係關於含有前述嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜。該聚合物膜可用於各種應用(例如,各種電子或電力設備)、用於形成前述圖案之程序、用於磁性儲存記錄介質(如快閃記憶體)或用於生物感知器。
一個具體實施例中,前述嵌段共聚物可經由在前述聚合物膜中之自組而實現規則結構,如球、圓柱、螺旋二十四面體或層狀物。
例如,嵌段1、嵌段2或(在共價鍵結至嵌段1和嵌段2中之任一者之其他嵌段的鏈段中)鏈段在嵌段共聚物中形成規則結構,如層狀物形式或圓柱形式。
本申請案中之以上聚合物膜可具有平面內繞射圖案,其係在GISAXS分析期間內垂直於GISAXS繞射圖案的x-分量的峰。另一具體實施例中,在以上GISAXS繞射圖案的x-分量上觀察到的峰數可為至少2且,當有數個峰存在時,可觀察到的峰之散射向量q值為整數比。
前述嵌段2可在聚合物膜中形成交聯結構。即,例如,在自組結構存在下,藉由使得以上嵌段2中之結構式5的結構單元之可交聯官能基交聯之方法,可形成
交聯結構。此處,對於形成交聯結構的條件沒有特別的限制且可考慮所用之可交聯官能基的類型和量而調整。例如,當以上可交聯官能基係上述含疊氮基的官能基中之一時,此交聯可藉由使得自組的嵌段共聚物維持於約200℃至230℃的溫度約30分鐘至1小時的方式進行。
本申請案亦係關於藉由使用前述嵌段共聚物形成聚合物膜之方法。該方法可包括以自組狀態在基板上形成含有以上嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜。例如,以上方法包括藉沉積之類,在基板上形成以上嵌段共聚物的層或塗覆溶液(其中嵌段共聚物溶於適當溶劑中)的層,且,必要時,亦可包括對以上層進行退火或熱處理的程序。
以上退火或熱處理可以,例如,基於嵌段共聚物的相轉變溫度或玻璃轉變溫度而進行;例如,可以在等於或大於以上玻璃轉變溫度或相轉變溫度的溫度進行。未特別限制此熱處理的期間且可為,例如,在約1分鐘至72小時的範圍內,雖可視須要地加以改變。聚合物薄膜的熱處理溫度亦可為,例如,約100℃至250℃,其可取決於所用嵌段共聚物而改變。
另一具體實施例中,以上方式形成的層可以在室溫非極性溶劑和/或極性溶劑中進行約1分鐘至72小時的溶劑退火。
可以在如前述地形成聚合物膜之後,額外進行以上嵌段2的交聯程序。此交聯以本說明書中之前描述者進行。
本申請案亦係關於形成圖案之方法。以上方法可包括,例如,從由基板和形成於該基板上並含有以上自組的嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜所製成的積層物選擇性地移除該嵌段共聚物的嵌段1或嵌段2之方法。以上方法可為在以上基板上形成圖案之方法。例如,以上方法可包括在基板上形成含有以上嵌段共聚物的聚合物膜,選擇性地移除存在於以上膜中之嵌段共聚物的任一或更多個嵌段,及之後蝕刻此基板。以上方法有助於形成微細圖案,例如,奈米尺寸。此外,藉以上方法亦可形成多種圖案(如奈米條和奈米孔),此取決於聚合物膜中的嵌段共聚物結構。必要時,以上嵌段共聚物可以與另一共聚物、均聚物之類混合以形成圖案。未特別限制以上方法所施用之基板的類型且可經選擇以適合該施用;例如,可使用氧化矽。
選擇性地移除以上嵌段1和/或嵌段2之方法中所用的聚合物膜中的前述嵌段2可含有交聯結構,其中實現該交聯結構之方法如本說明書中之前所描述者。
例如,以上方法可形成展現高深寬比的氧化矽奈米尺寸圖案。可實現各種形式(如奈米條和奈米孔),例如,藉由在氧化矽上形成以上的聚合物膜,選擇性地移除以上聚合物膜(其中,嵌段共聚物構成預定結構)中之嵌段共聚物的任一嵌段,及之後藉各種技巧(例如,藉反應性離子蝕刻)中之任一者蝕刻氧化矽。以上方法亦有助於實現具有高深寬比的奈米圖案。
例如,可以數十奈米尺寸實現以上圖案,且
此圖案可用於各種應用包括,例如,用於下一代資訊和電子產品的磁性記錄介質。
例如,可藉以上方法形成其寬度約3nm至40nm的奈米結構(如奈米線)間隔排列(如,間隔6nm至80nm)的圖案。另一例子中,亦可實現以約6nm至80nm間隔排列的奈米孔(如直徑約3nm至40nm)的結構。
此外,以上結構中的奈米線或奈米孔可製成具有高深寬比。
以上方法中,對於選擇性地移除嵌段共聚物之任一嵌段的方法沒有特別的限制;例如,可以使用令聚合膜以適當電磁波(如紫外射線)照射以移除相對軟嵌段之方法。此處,紫外射線照射條件由嵌段共聚物中的嵌段類型決定;例如,其可包括照射波長約254nm的紫外射線達1分鐘至60分鐘。
此外,紫外射線照射之後,可藉由以酸之類處理聚合物膜的方式,進行進一步移除已事先藉紫外射線瓦解之鏈段的程序。
此外,對於使用經選擇性地移除某些嵌段的聚合物膜作為遮罩,蝕刻基板之程序沒有特別的限制;例如,以上蝕刻可以經由以CF4/Ar離子之類進行反應性離子蝕刻的方式進行。以上蝕刻之後可經由氧電漿處理之類進行自基板移除聚合物膜的程序。
圖1係使用實例1的嵌段共聚物形成之聚合物層在光交聯之前的SEM影像。
圖2係使用實例1的嵌段共聚物形成之聚合物層在光交聯之後的SEM影像。
圖3出示使用實例1的嵌段共聚物形成之聚合物層以溶劑清洗未進行光交聯的結果。
本申請案提出嵌段共聚物及其用途。本申請案之嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質或相分離性質,可以無限制地被賦予各種所要求的功能且,特別地,可確保蝕刻選擇性,使得嵌段共聚物可以有效地用於如形成圖案的應用。
下文將藉由根據本申請案之實例更詳細地描述本申請案,但本申請案之範圍不限於下文提出的實例。
1.NMR測定
使用NMR光譜儀(其包括Varian Unity Inova(500MHz)光譜儀和5-mm三重共振探頭)於室溫進行NMR分析。分析標的材料以用於NMR測定的溶劑(CDCl3)稀釋至濃度約10mg/ml,化學位移以ppm表示。
<施用的縮寫>
br=寬訊號,s=單峰,d=雙峰,dd=雙雙峰,t=三峰,dt=雙三峰,q=四峰,p=五峰,m=多峰。
2.凝膠穿透層析法(GPC)
數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈係藉GPC測定。分析標的材料(如實例的巨引發劑或嵌段共聚物)置於5-mL瓶中並以四氫呋喃(THF)稀釋至約1mg/mL濃度。之後,用於校正的標準試樣和待分析的試樣以針筒濾器(孔尺寸:0.45μm)過濾,之後分析。使用ChemStation(Agilent Technologies Inc.)作為分析程式,藉由比較試樣的沖提時間和校正曲線,得到重量平均分子量(Mw)和Mn各者,之後以比(Mw/Mn)計算分子量分佈(多分散性指數,PDI)。GPC的測定條件如下:
<GPC測定條件>
裝置:Agilent Technologies Inc.的1200系列
管柱:兩個Polymer Laboratories的PLgel MIXED-B
溶劑:THF
管柱溫度:35℃
樣品濃度:1mg/mL,注射200μL
標準試樣:聚苯乙烯(Mp:3900000,723000,316500,52200,31400,7200,3940,485)
製備例1.
藉以下方法合成以下結構式A所示化合物(DPM-C12):氫醌(10.0g,94.2mmol)和1-溴十二烷
(23.5g,94.2mmol)引至250-mL瓶中,溶於100mL乙腈中;之後,過量碳酸鉀加至以上溶液中並使其在氮氣下於約75℃反應約48小時;反應完全之後,自反應產物移除用於反應之殘留的碳酸鉀和乙腈;之後,添加二氯甲烷(DCM)和水的混合溶劑以處理此物質,收集分離的有機層並以MgSO4脫水;然後,此物質藉管柱層析術(CC)以DCM純化,以得到白色固態中間產物,其產率約37%。
<NMR分析結果>
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ6.77(dd,4H);δ4.45(s,1H);δ3.89(t,2H);δ1.75(p,2H);δ1.43(p,2H);δ1.33-1.26(m,16H);δ0.88(t,3H)。
合成的中間產物(9.8g,35.2mmol)、甲基丙烯酸(6.0g,69.7mmol)、二環己基碳化二醯亞胺(DCC)(10.8g,52.3mmol)和對-二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP)(1.7g,13.9mmol)引至瓶中,添加120mL二氯甲烷,之後使其在氮氣氛下於室溫反應24小時;反應完全之後,反應產物經過濾以移除在反應期間內製造的脲鹽及剩餘的二氯甲烷;之後,藉管柱層析術(CC)(其使用己烷和二氯甲烷(DCM)作為移動相)移除物質中的雜質,所得產物在甲醇和水的混合溶劑(以1:1的重量比混合)中再結晶,以得到白色固態標的材料(DPM-C12)(7.7g,22.2mmol),產率是63%。
<DPM-C12的NMR分析結果>
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.02(dd,2H);δ6.89(dd,2H);δ6.32(dt,1H);δ5.73(dt,1H);δ3.94(t,2H);δ2.05(dd,3H);δ1.76(p,2H);δ1.43(p,2H);1.34-1.27(m,16H);δ0.88(t,3H)。
結構式A中,R代表具12個碳原子的直鏈烷基。
製備例2.
藉以下方法合成3-羥基-1,2,4,5-四氟苯乙烯。五氟苯乙烯(25g,129mmol)加至三級丁醇和氫氧化鉀(37.5g,161mmol)的400mL混合溶液中,之後反應2小時(迴流反應)。經反應的產物冷卻至室溫之後,1200mL水加至其中,經由揮發處理消除用於反應之殘留的丁醇。此經反應的產物以二乙醚(300mL)萃取3次;以10重量%氫氯酸溶液酸化至pH約3以使得標的材料沉澱;之後,以二乙醚(300mL)萃取3次,收集有機層。
該有機層之後以MgSO4脫水,並移除溶劑以得到粗產物。此粗產物以管柱層析法,使用己烷和二氯甲烷(DCM)作為流動相加以純化,得到無色液體3-羥基-1,2,4,5-四氟苯乙烯(11.4g)。以上物質的NMR分析結
果如下。
<NMR分析結果>
1H-NMR(DMSO-d):δ11.7(s,1H);δ6.60(dd,1H);δ5.89(d,1H);δ5.62(d,1H)。
藉以下方法合成化學式B的化合物。混合所得中間產物(3-羥基-1,2,4,5-四氟苯乙烯)(1.7g,7.8mmol)、4-苯甲醯基苯甲酸(1.9g,8.6mmol)、DCC(二環己基碳化二醯亞胺)(1.8g,8.6mmol)和DMPA(對-二甲基胺基吡啶)(0.48g,3.1mmol)並將30mL二氯甲烷加至其中,之後,此混合物在氮氣氛下於室溫反應24小時。反應終了之後,消除反應期間內製得的脲鹽和殘留的二氯甲烷。在管柱層析法中,使用己烷和DCM(二氯甲烷)作為移動相,消除雜質,所得產物在甲醇和水的混合溶劑(甲醇:水=3:1(重量比))中再結晶,以得到白色固態標的材料,其為化學式B所示單體,產率為70重量%。
以上化合物的NMR分析結果如下。
<NMR分析結果>
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ8.3(t,2H);δ7.9(q,2H);δ7.8(d,2H);δ7.6(t,2H);δ7.5(dd,2H);δ6.60(dd,1H);δ5.89(d,1H);δ5.62(d,1H);
實例1
2.0g製備例1的化合物(DPM-C12)、64mg可逆性加成-裂鏈轉移(RAFT)劑(2-氰基-2-丙基十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯)、23mg的AIBN(偶氮雙異丁腈)和5.34mL苯甲醚置於10mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下,於室溫攪拌30分鐘以於70℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。聚合反應之後,反應溶液在作為萃取溶劑的250ml甲醇中沉澱,並藉由減低壓力過濾而乾燥,藉此製得淡黃色的巨引發劑。此巨引發劑的產率是約80重量%,此巨引發劑的數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)分別是6100和1.25。
0.2g所得的巨引發劑、3.589g五氟苯乙烯和0.151g製備例2之結構式B的光可交聯單體和1.697mL苯甲醚置於10mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,以於70℃進行為時3小時的RAFT聚合反應。
聚合反應之後,反應溶液在作為萃取溶劑的250ml甲醇中沉澱,並藉由減低壓力過濾而乾燥,藉此製得淡黃色的嵌段共聚物。此嵌段共聚物的產率是約14重量%,此嵌段共聚物的數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)分別是14,400和1.21。此嵌段共聚物包括自製備例1的化合物(DPM-C12)衍生的第一嵌段和自五氟苯乙烯和製備例2中之結構式B的化合物衍生的第二嵌段。
試驗例1.
藉由使用實例1中合成的嵌段共聚物,形成自組聚合物膜,並觀察其結果。所製得的嵌段共聚物以1.0重量%濃度溶於溶劑中;之後以約3000rpm的速率旋轉塗覆於矽晶圓上達約60秒,之後熱退火,以形成包括自組嵌段共聚物的聚合物薄膜。圖1係所得聚合物薄膜的SEM影像。之後,此聚合物薄膜以紫外射線照射。波長約254nm的此紫外射線以約2J/cm2光強度照射。圖2係此聚合物薄膜在以上光交聯之後的SEM影像。對此聚合物薄膜進行溶劑清洗的結果證實可進行選擇性蝕刻。
圖3出示聚合物薄膜在光交聯程序之前,進行溶劑清洗之後的結果,且由圖3可證實,無法得到嵌段之間的蝕刻選擇性。
Claims (20)
- 一種嵌段共聚物,其包含含括以下結構式1所示單元的第一嵌段和含括以下結構式5所示單元的第二嵌段:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該X代表氧原子、羰基、-C(=O)-O-、或-O-C(=O)-。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該直鏈包括8至20個成鏈原子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該成鏈原子係碳、氧、氮、或硫。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該成鏈原子係碳或氧。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該結構式1的Y藉以下結構式2表示:[結構式2]-P-Q-Z其中在結構式2中,P代表伸芳基;Q代表單鍵、氧原子或-NR6-,其中R6代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基或芳基;和Z代表具8或更多個成鏈原子的直鏈。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該光可交聯官能基係苯甲醯基苯甲醯氧基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中一或更多個鹵原子含括於結構式5之標記為R1至R5的位置。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該第二嵌段中的結構式5所示單元的比由0.1mol%至5mol%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該第二嵌段進一步包括以下結構式7所示結構單元:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中該第二嵌段進一步包括以下結構式8所示結構單元:
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之嵌段共聚物,其中3或更多個鹵原子含括於標記為Ra至Re的位置。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之嵌段共聚物,其中5或更多個鹵原子含括於標記為Ra至Re的位置。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之嵌段共聚物,其中該鹵原子是氟原子。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之聚合物膜,其中該如申 請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物的該第二嵌段包括交聯結構。
- 一種形成聚合物膜之方法,該方法包含:在基板上形成包含如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,進一步包含:交聯該如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物的該第二嵌段,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 一種形成圖案之方法,該方法包含:從由基板和形成於該基板上並包括如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物的聚合物膜所構成的積層物選擇性地移除該嵌段共聚物的任一嵌段,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之形成圖案之方法,其中該如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物的該第二嵌段包括交聯結構。
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