TW201638123A - 嵌段共聚物 - Google Patents
嵌段共聚物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201638123A TW201638123A TW104132184A TW104132184A TW201638123A TW 201638123 A TW201638123 A TW 201638123A TW 104132184 A TW104132184 A TW 104132184A TW 104132184 A TW104132184 A TW 104132184A TW 201638123 A TW201638123 A TW 201638123A
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- Prior art keywords
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- block copolymer
- block
- atom
- structural formula
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- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 -S (= O) 2 - Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 18
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C#N AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
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Abstract
本申請案係關於單體、用於製備嵌段共聚物之方法、嵌段共聚物、及其用途。本申請案的各單體展現優良的自組性質且能夠形成視需要而被無限制地賦予各種所要求的功能之嵌段共聚物。
Description
本申請案係關於嵌段共聚物和其用途。
嵌段共聚物所具有的分子結構中,各具有不同化學結構的聚合物嵌段藉共價鍵彼此連接。嵌段共聚物可藉相分離形成規則排列的結構,如球、圓柱和層狀結構。藉嵌段共聚物的自組現象形成之區段的尺寸可在寬範圍內調整,且該區段可製成各種結構,這些結構可用於各種下一代的奈米裝置、磁性儲存介質、和圖案(藉蝕刻之類),例如,形成高密度磁性記錄介質、奈米線、量子點、或金屬點之類。
本申請案提供嵌段共聚物和其用途。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烷基”是指具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子的烷基。以上烷基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烷氧基”是指具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子的烷氧基。以上烷氧基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烯基”或“炔基”是指具2至20個碳原子,2至16個碳原子,2至12個碳原子,2至8個碳原子或2至4個碳原子的烯基或炔基。以上烯基或炔基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“伸烷基”是指具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子的伸烷基。以上伸烷基可為直鏈型、支鏈型或環型伸烷基,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“伸烯基”或“伸炔基”是指具2至20個碳原子,2至16個碳原子,2至12個碳原子,2至8個碳原子或2至4個碳原子的伸烯基或伸炔基。以上伸烯基或伸炔基可為直鏈型、支鏈型
或環型,且其可經一或更多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非特定指明,否則本說明書中的“芳基”或“伸芳基”是指單價或二價部分,其係衍生自具有苯環結構的化合物或者二或更多個苯環彼此連接(藉共享一或兩個碳原子或藉任何鏈接劑)的結構之化合物或衍生自以上化合物的衍生物。除非特定指明,否則以上芳基或伸芳基是指具有,例如,6至30個碳原子,6至25個碳原子,6至21個碳原子,6至18個碳原子,或6至13個碳原子的芳基。
本申請案中,“芳族結構”是指以上芳基或伸芳基。
本說明書中,除非特定指明,否則“脂環狀環結構”是指,芳環結構以外的環型烴原子結構。除非特定指明,否則以上脂環狀環結構是指具有,例如,3至30個碳原子,3至25個碳原子,3至21個碳原子,3至18個碳原子,或3至13個碳原子的脂環狀環結構。
本申請案中,“單鍵”是指特別的原子不存在於對應區域中之情況。例如,B代表A-B-C所示結構中的單鍵時,可視為沒有特別的原子存在於標記為B的區域,造成介於A和C之間直接連接而形成A-C所示結構。
本申請案中,可任意取代烷基、烯基、炔基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、烷氧基、芳基、伸芳基、鏈、芳族結構之類的一或更多個部分的取代基的例子可包括,但不限於,羥基、鹵原子、羧基、環氧丙基、丙烯醯
基、甲基丙烯醯基、丙烯醯氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基、巰基、烷基、烯基、炔基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、烷氧基、和芳基。
本申請案之嵌段共聚物可含有一嵌段係藉以下結構式1所示的結構單元。
結構式1中,R代表氫原子或烷基;X代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基,其中R1代表氫原子或烷基;且Y代表至少一部分經取代基(以-Q-P表示)取代的芳基,其中Q代表-K-C(=O)-X2-、-X2-C(=O)-K-或伸環烷基,其中X2代表氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基,K代表伸烯基,P代表包括3或更多個成鏈原子的鏈。
另一例子中,結構式1中的X代表單鍵、氧原子、羰基、-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-、或-C(=O)-O-。
結構式1中,Y代表至少一部分經取代基(其以-Q-P表示)取代的芳基,且其可為,例如,芳基(具6至18個碳原子或6至12個碳原子)或苯基。此芳
基的一或更多個部分(例如,1至3個部分或1至2個部分)經以上-Q-P所示取代基取代。當芳基的一部分經以上取代基取代且係苯基時,該取代基是在該苯基的對位(相對於結構式1中的X)取代。除了以上取代基以外,必要時,該芳基亦可部分經一或更多個其他前述取代基取代。此外,以上取代基中之以Q表示的部分可連接至芳基以取代芳基的一部分。
另一例子中,以上取代基的Q可為-K-C(=O)-O-、-O-C(=O)-K-或伸烷基,其中K可為具2至20個碳原子,2至16個碳原子,2至12個碳原子,2至8個碳原子,或2至4個碳原子的伸烯基。此外,伸環烷基可為具3至12個碳原子的伸環烷基。
以上取代基的P代表由3或更多個成鏈原子所建構的鏈結構。本申請書中,“成鏈原子”是指形成預定鏈之直鏈結構的原子。此鏈可為直鏈型或支鏈型,但成鏈原子數僅以形成最長直鏈的原子數計,鍵結至以上成鏈原子的其他原子(如,當成鏈原子係碳原子時,鍵結至碳原子的氫原子之類)不列入計算。在支鏈型鏈的情況中,成鏈原子數為形成最長鏈之成鏈原子數。例如,鏈是正戊基時,所有的成鏈原子是碳且成鏈原子數是5,而當鏈是2-甲基戊基時,所有的成鏈原子是碳且成鏈原子數是5。成鏈原子的例子可包括碳、氧、硫、和氮;適當的成鏈原子可為碳、氧和氮中之任一者,或碳和氧中之任一者。在鏈中的成鏈原子數可為4或更多,或5或更多。鏈中的成鏈
原子數亦可為30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,16或更少,12或更少,或8或更少。
含有結構式1所示結構單元之嵌段可以僅含有結構式1所示結構單元或亦含有適當量的其他結構單元。此嵌段可提供其所屬嵌段共聚物極佳的自組性質。
一個例子中,上述鏈可為直鏈烴鏈,如直鏈烷基。此處,該烷基可為具3或更多個碳原子,3至30個碳原子,3至25個碳原子,3至20個碳原子,3至16個碳原子,3至12個碳原子,或3至8個碳原子的烷基。該烷基中的至少一個氫原子可經其他取代基任意取代。
對於可以與含有以上結構式1所示結構單元的嵌段(下文中可稱為嵌段1)一起含於嵌段共聚物中之其他嵌段(下文中可稱為嵌段2)的類型沒有特別的限制。
嵌段2的例子可包括聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮嵌段、聚乳酸嵌段、聚(乙烯基吡啶)嵌段、聚苯乙烯嵌段(如聚苯乙烯和聚(三甲基矽基苯乙烯))、聚伸烷化氧嵌段(如聚伸乙化氧)、聚丁二烯嵌段、聚異戊烯嵌段、和聚烯烴嵌段(如聚乙烯)。此處,該嵌段可為本說明書中的嵌段2A。
一個例子中,前述嵌段2可為具有具一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構之嵌段。
以上嵌段2可為,例如,以下結構式2所示
嵌段。此處,該嵌段可為在本說明書中被稱為嵌段2B者。
結構式2中,B代表具有具一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構之單價取代基。
藉由與嵌段1之極佳的交互作用,以上嵌段2可提供所屬嵌段共聚物極佳的自組性質。
結構式2的芳族結構可為,例如,具6至18個碳原子或6至12個碳原子的芳族結構。
此外,結構式2的鹵原子可為氟原子和氯原子且可較佳地選擇氟原子,雖不限於此。
一個例子中,結構式2的B可為具6至12個碳原子且經1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子取代的單價取代基。未特別限制鹵原子的最大數目,且可有,例如,10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少個鹵原子存在。
例如,對應於嵌段2B的結構式2亦可藉以下結構式3表示。
在結構式3中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中以上X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;和W代表包括至少一個鹵原子的芳基。W可為一部分被至少一個鹵原子取代的芳基;例如,其可為具6至12個碳原子且被2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子部分取代的芳基。
嵌段2B亦可藉,例如,以下結構式4表示。
結構式4中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、
-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基。R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基或鹵原子,且有一或更多個鹵原子位於標記為R1至R5的位置。
另一例子中,結構式4的X2可為單鍵、氧原子、伸烷基、-C(=O)-O-、或-O-C(=O)-。
結構式4中,R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基或鹵原子,且有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子(如,氟原子)在標記為R1至R5的位置。在標記為R1至R5位置處的鹵原子(如,氟原子)數可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
一個例子中,前述嵌段2可為以下結構式5所示嵌段。此處,該嵌段可為在本說明書中被稱為嵌段2C者。
結構式5中,T和K各者獨立地代表氧原子或單鍵,U代表伸烷基。
一個例子中,嵌段2C可為含有具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子,或1至4個碳原子的伸烷基位於以上結構式5中標記為U之處的嵌段。
該嵌段2C可為以上結構式5中的T和K之任一者代表單鍵而另一者代表氧原子之嵌段。此處,以上
U可代表具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子,或1至4個碳原子的伸烷基。
以上嵌段2C亦可為以上結構式5中的T和K二者代表氧原子的嵌段。此處,以上U可代表具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子,或1至4個碳原子的伸烷基。
另一例子中,前述嵌段2可為含有一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子的嵌段。此處,該嵌段可為本說明書中稱為嵌段2D者。此嵌段可改良,例如,藉由使用該嵌段所屬嵌段共聚物而形成的自組膜在蝕刻程序期間內的蝕刻選擇性。
嵌段2D中所含金屬或類金屬原子的例子可包括矽原子、鐵原子和硼原子,但未特別限制其類型,只要金屬或類金屬原子因為與相同嵌段共聚物中所含其他原子的差異性而可使其所屬嵌段共聚物達到適當的蝕刻選擇性即可。
除了以上金屬或類金屬原子以外,該嵌段2D可含有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子(如,氟原子)。嵌段2D中所含的鹵原子(如,氟原子)數可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
嵌段2D可藉以下結構式6表示。
結構式6中,B代表具一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子之取代基,或其可為具有一或更多個鹵原子之芳族結構的單價取代基。
結構式6的芳族結構可為具6至12個碳原子的芳族結構(如,芳基或伸芳基)。
結構式6的嵌段2D的第二類型可藉,例如,以下結構式7表示。
結構式7中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基,其中X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;W代表芳基,其含有具一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子和至少一個鹵原子的取代基。
以上描述中,W代表具6至12個碳原子的芳基,其含有具一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子和至少一
個鹵原子的取代基。
此芳基中,具一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子的取代基的數目可為至少一或1至3,且鹵原子數可為1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多。
以上描述中,鹵原子數可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
結構式7的嵌段2D可藉,例如,以下結構式8表示。
結構式8中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基,其中X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基、鹵原子、及具一或更多個金屬或類金屬原子的取代基,其中R1至R5中之至少一
者代表鹵原子,且R1至R5中之至少一者代表具一或更多個金屬或類金屬原子的取代基。
結構式8中,R1至R5中之至少一、1至3或1至2者代表前述具一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子的取代基。
有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子在結構式8之標記為R1至R5的位置。在標記為R1至R5的位置中的鹵原子數亦可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
以上描述中,具一或更多個金屬原子或類金屬原子的取代基的例子可包括三烷基矽氧基、二茂鐵基、倍半矽氧基(如多面體寡聚合的倍半矽氧烷)、和碳硼烷基,但對於此取代基的類型沒有特別限制,只要取代基可藉由含有至少一個金屬或類金屬原子而確保蝕刻選擇性即可。
另一例子中,嵌段2可為含有陰電性為3或更高且非鹵原子之原子的(下文中可將其稱為非鹵原子)的嵌段。本說明書中,將此嵌段稱為嵌段2E。另一例子中,嵌段2E中所含非鹵原子的陰電性可為3.7或更低。
含於嵌段2E中之非鹵原子的例子可為,但不限於,氮原子和氧原子。
除了以上陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子以外,嵌段2E可含有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子(如,氟原子)。嵌段2E所
含鹵原子(如氟原子)數可為10或更多,9或更多,8或更多,7或更多,或6或更多。
嵌段2E可藉以下結構式9表示。
結構式9中,B可代表單價取代基,其具有含取代基(其含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子)和一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構。
結構式9的芳族結構可為具6至12個碳原子的芳族結構(如,芳基或伸芳基)。
另一例子中,結構式9的嵌段可藉以下結構式10表示。
結構式10中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中以上R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基,且以上X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;W代表芳基,其含有取代基(含有陰電性為3
或更高的非鹵原子)和至少一個鹵原子。
以上描述中,W可為具6至12個碳原子並含有取代基(含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子)和至少一個鹵原子的芳基。
此芳基中,取代基(各者含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子)的數目可為至少1,或1至3。以上鹵原子的數目亦可為1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多。以上描述中,鹵原子數亦可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
另一例子中,結構式10的嵌段可藉以下結構式11表示。
結構式11中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中以上R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基,以上X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、或伸炔基,且R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基、
鹵原子、和取代基(含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子),其中R1至R5中之至少一者代表鹵原子,且R1至R5中之至少一者代表含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子之取代基。
結構式11中,R1至R5中之至少一者,1至3或1至2者代表前述含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子之取代基。
結構式11中,1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,或5或更多個鹵原子含於標記為R1至R5的位置。含於標記為R1至R5的位置的鹵原子數亦可為10或更少,9或更少,8或更少,7或更少,或6或更少。
以上描述中,含有陰電性為3或更高的非鹵原子之取代基的例子可包括,但不限於羥基、烷氧基、羧基、醯胺基、伸乙化氧基、腈基、吡啶基、和胺基。
另一例子中,嵌段2可具有含有雜環狀取代基的芳族結構。此處,嵌段2可為本說明書中的嵌段2F。
嵌段2F可藉以下結構式12表示。
結構式12中,B代表單價取代基,其具有具6至12個碳原子且經雜環狀取代基取代的芳族結構。
必要時,結構式12的芳族結構可含有一或更
多個鹵原子。
結構式12的結構單元亦可藉以下結構式13表示。
結構式13中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基,X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;W代表具6至12個碳原子並含有雜環狀取代基的芳基。
結構式13的結構單元亦可藉以下結構式14表示。
結構式14中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原
子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中R1代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基,X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基、鹵原子和雜環狀取代基,其中R1至R5中之至少一者代表雜環狀取代基。
結構式14中,R1至R5中之至少一者(如1至3或1至2)代表以上雜環狀取代基,餘者可代表氫原子、烷基或鹵原子;氫原子或鹵原子;或氫原子。
前述雜環狀取代基的例子可包括,但不限於,酞醯亞胺衍生的取代基、噻吩衍生的取代基、噻唑衍生的取代基、咔唑衍生的取代基、和咪唑衍生的取代基。
本申請案之嵌段共聚物除了前述嵌段1以外,可含有前述嵌段2的群組中之一或更多者。此處,該嵌段共聚物中所含嵌段數可為2、3、或更多。例如,該嵌段共聚物可為含有前述嵌段1中的任一者和前述嵌段2的群組中的任一者之二嵌段共聚物。
以上嵌段共聚物可以基本上展現極佳的相分離或極佳的自組性質。藉由選擇各嵌段及適當地合併嵌段及滿足以下將描述的一或多個參數,可進一步改良此相分離或自組性質。
嵌段共聚物含有2或更多個藉共價鍵連接的聚合物鏈,並因此發生相分離。本申請案之嵌段共聚物展現相分離性質且,必要時,經由微相分離,可形成奈米尺
寸結構。此奈米結構的形式和尺寸可由嵌段共聚物的尺寸(分子量之類)或嵌段間的相對比控制。可經由相分離而形成之結構的例子可包括球、圓柱、螺旋二十四面體(gyroid)、層狀物和反轉結構,且可將該嵌段共聚物形成此結構的能力稱為“自組(self-assembling)”。本申請案之嵌段共聚物滿足下文將描述之參數中之任一者,或其可同時滿足2或更多個參數。本申請案中,“垂直定向(vertical orientation)”是指嵌段共聚物定向的方向且是指嵌段共聚物所形成的奈米結構之定向垂直於基板方向。用於控制嵌段共聚物之自組結構水平或垂直於各種基板上的技術大多仰賴嵌段共聚物的實際施用。嵌段共聚物膜中的奈米結構之定向通常由構成嵌段共聚物之嵌段中的嵌段暴於表面或在空氣中決定。通常,基板大多為極性且空氣為非極性;因此,嵌段共聚物中之具有較高極性的嵌段潤濕基板,而具有較低極性的嵌段潤濕與空氣之界面。因此,提出數種技巧以有助於嵌段共聚物之各具有不同性質之不同類型的嵌段同時潤濕基板面,最具代表性的是製造中性表面以控制定向。但是,在本申請案的一方面中,適當地控制以下參數時,嵌段聚合物垂直定向於未以任何方法(如表面中和化處理,此為此技術中習知者)事先處理過的基板上,以達成垂直定向的方法。本申請案的另一方面中,藉由熱退火,亦可在短時間內大面積地誘發以上的垂直定向。
本發明的一方面之嵌段共聚物能夠形成膜,
其在掠角入射小角度X射線散射(grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering)(GIWAXS)期間內,在疏水表面上製造同平面繞射圖。以上嵌段共聚物能夠形成膜,該膜在GISAXS期間內,在疏水表面上製造平面內繞射圖(in-plane diffraction pattern)。
本申請案中,在GISAXS期間內,製造平面內繞射圖是指在GISAXS分析期間內,在GISAXS繞射圖中,出現垂直於x-分量的峰。此峰因為嵌段共聚物的垂直定向而被察覺。因此,嵌段共聚物製造平面內繞射圖代表垂直定向。另一例子中,在GISAXS繞射圖的x-分量上觀察到的前述峰的數目可為至少2,且當有多個峰存在時,所觀察到的峰的散射向量(q值)具有整數比,各情況中,可進一步改良嵌段共聚物的相分離效率。
本申請案中,“垂直”可以有誤差;例如,此詞彙的定義可包括在±10度,±8度,±6度,±4度,或±2度範圍內的誤差。
該嵌段共聚物能夠形成在親水表面和疏水表面二者上製造平面內繞射圖的膜-可在未經任何特別的方法事先處理以誘發垂直定向的各種表面上展現垂直定向。本申請案中,“親水表面”是指對於經純化的水的潤濕角度在5度至20度範圍內的表面。親水表面的例子包括,但不限於,以氧電漿、硫酸或食人魚溶液(piranha solution)進行過表面處理的矽表面。本申請案中,“疏水表面”是指對於經純化的水的潤濕角度在50至70度範圍
內的表面。疏水表面的例子可包括,但不限於,以氧電漿進行過表面處理的聚二甲基矽氮烷(PDMS)表面、以六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)進行過表面處理的矽表面,及以氟化氫(HF)進行過表面處理的矽表面。
除非特定指明,否則可視本申請案中之溫度而改變的性質(如潤濕角度)的數值係於室溫測得。“室溫”是指於其未加熱或冷卻的常態溫度,且可以是指約10℃至30℃,約25℃,或約23℃的溫度。
形成於親水或疏水表面上且在GISAXS期間內製造平面內繞射圖的膜可為已進行過熱退火處理的膜。用於GISAXS測定的膜可藉由,例如,以上嵌段共聚物以約0.7重量%濃度溶於溶劑(如,氟苯)中而製得的溶液以約25nm厚度和2.25cm2(寬:1.5cm,長:1.5cm)塗覆面積施於親水或疏水表面上及熱退火此塗層而形成。此熱退火可藉例如使得以上的膜維持於約160℃溫度約1小時的方式進行。GISAXS可藉以前述方式製得的膜上的X-射線入射測定,其入射角度在約0.12至0.23度範圍內。膜散射的繞射圖藉本領域習知的測定裝置(如2D mar CCD)得到。使用繞射圖證實平面內繞射圖之存在與否之方法為本領域習知者。
觀察到在GISAXS期間內具有前述峰之嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質,其亦可取決於目的而經有效地控制。
在X-射線繞射(XRD)分析期間內,本申請
案之嵌段共聚物有至少一個峰出現於預定的散射向量q範圍內。
例如,在XRD分析期間內,以上嵌段共聚物具有至少一個峰在0.5nm-1至10nm-1的散射向量q範圍內。另一例子中,出現以上峰的散射向量q可為0.7nm-1或更高,0.9nm-1或更高,1.1nm-1或更高,1.3nm-1或更高,或1.5nm-1或更高。另一例子中,出現以上峰的散射向量q亦可為9nm-1或更低,8nm-1或更低,7nm-1或更低,6nm-1或更低,5nm-1或更低,4nm-1或更低,3.5nm-1或更低,或3nm-1或更低。
在以上散射向量q範圍內觀察到的峰的半高寬(FWHM)在0.2至0.9nm-1範圍內。另一例子中,以上FWHM可為0.25nm-1或更高,0.3nm-1或更高,或0.4nm-1或更高。另一例子中,以上FWHM亦可為0.85nm-1或更低,0.8nm-1或更低,或0.75nm-1或更低。
本申請案中,“FWHM”是指最大峰於最大高度一半處的寬度(即,兩個極端散射向量q值之間的差)。
XRD分析中的以上散射向量q和FWHM係將施用最小平方回歸之數值分析法用於XRD分析結果而得到的數值。以上方法中,將對應於XRD繞射圖之最低強度的部分設定為基線且最低強度設定為零,之後對以上XRD圖的峰型進行Gaussian擬合,自擬合結果得到前述散射向量q和FWHM。進行以上的Gaussian擬合時,R-平方值是至少0.9或更高,0.92或更高,0.94或更高,或
0.96或更高。自XRD分析得到資訊之方法,如前述者,為本領域習知者;例如,可使用數值分析程式,如Origin。
在前述散射向量q範圍中製造具有前述FWHM值的峰之嵌段共聚物具有適用於自組的晶狀區域。已證實在前述散射向量q範圍中之嵌段共聚物能夠展現極佳的自組性質。
XRD分析可藉由使得X-射線穿透嵌段共聚物試樣及之後測定散射強度與散射向量的關係而得。XRD分析可以在此嵌段共聚物上進行,無須任何特別的前處理;例如,可藉由在適當條件下乾燥該嵌段共聚物及之後以X-射線穿透的方式進行。可使用垂直尺寸為0.023mm且水平尺寸為0.3mm的X-射線。經由擷取得自試樣散射的2D繞射圖(其係藉由使用測量裝置(如2D mar CCD)及以前述方法擬合所得的繞射圖之影像形式),可得到散射向量和FWHM。
構成嵌段共聚物之嵌段中之至少一者含有以下將描述的前述鏈時,該鏈中的成鏈原子數n滿足散射向量q(其自前述XRD分析得到)和以下數學式1二者。
[數學式1]3nm-1至5nm-1=nq/(2×π)
在數學式1中,n代表前述成鏈原子數,而q代表在以上嵌段共聚物進行XRD分析的期間內,其可偵測到的峰的最小散射向量或觀察到具有最大峰面積之峰的
散射向量。此外,數學式1中,π代表圓周對其直徑的比。
代入以上數學式1的q等是以如前述XRD分析法描述之相同方式得到的數值。
數學式1的q等可為,例如,在0.5nm-1至10nm-1範圍內的散射向量。另一例子中,數學式1的q可為0.7nm-1或更高,0.9nm-1或更高,1.1nm-1或更高,1.3nm-1或更高,或1.5nm-1或更高。另一例子中,數學式1中的q亦可為9nm-1或更低,8nm-1或更低,7nm-1或更低,6nm-1或更低,5nm-1或更低,4nm-1或更低,3.5nm-1或更低,或3nm-1或更低。
數學式1描述當嵌段共聚物自組形成相分離結構時,各含有前述鏈的嵌段之間的距離D和成鏈原子數的關係。當含有前述鏈的嵌段共聚物中之成鏈原子數滿足數學式1時,鏈的晶度提高,並藉此可明顯改良相分離或垂直定向性質。另一例子中,數學式1中的nq/(2×π)可為4.5nm-1或更低。以上描述中,藉由使用數學式D=2×π/q,可計算出含有以上鏈之嵌段中的距離(D,單位:nm),其中D代表嵌段間的距離(D,單位:nm),π和q如數學式1中之定義。
本申請案的一個方面,介於嵌段共聚物中之嵌段1的表面能量和嵌段2的表面能量之間的差的絕對值可為10mN/m或更低,9mN/m或更低,8mN/m或更低,7.5mN/m或更低,或7mN/m或更低。介於以上表面
能量之間的差的絕對值亦可為1.5mN/m,2mN/m,或2.5mN/m或更高。表面能量之間的差的絕對值在以上範圍內之嵌段1和嵌段2彼此藉共價鍵連接的結構能夠誘發相分離,此因不互溶程度足夠之故。以上描述中,嵌段1可為,例如,含有前述鏈的前述嵌段。
表面能量可藉由使用Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100(KRUSS GmbH生產)測定。特定言之,在藉由將塗覆液(待測標的試樣(即,嵌段共聚物或均聚物)溶於氟苯中至固體濃度約2重量%而製得)以厚度約50nm且塗覆面積為4cm2(寬:2cm,長:2cm)施用在基板上,於室溫乾燥約1小時,及之後於160℃熱退火約1小時而製得的膜上可測得表面能量。重複5次藉由將本領域已知其表面張力的去離子水滴在以上經熱退火的膜上以測定接觸角度的程序,並將這5個測得的接觸角度值加以平均。類似地,重複5次藉由將本領域已知其表面張力的二碘甲烷滴在以上經熱退火的膜上以測定接觸角度的程序,並將這5個測得的接觸角度值加以平均。然後,使用分別以去離子水和二碘甲烷測得之接觸角度的平均值,將對應於溶劑之表面張力的數值(Strom值)代入根據Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble方法的數學式中,能夠得到表面能量。藉由將上述方法用於僅由構成以上嵌段之單體所構成的均聚物上,可得到對應於嵌段共聚物的各嵌段之表面能量的數值。
嵌段共聚物含有前述鏈時,含有該鏈的嵌段
所具有的表面能量高於嵌段所具有的表面能量。例如,當嵌段共聚物的嵌段1中含有以上鏈時,嵌段1的表面能量高於嵌段2。此情況中,嵌段1的表面能量可在約20mN/m至40mN/m範圍內。嵌段1的表面能量可為22mN/m或更高,24mN/m或更高,26mN/m或更高,或28mN/m或更高。以上嵌段1的表面能量亦可為38mN/m或更低,36mN/m或更低,34mN/m或更低,或32mN/m或更低。前述之含有嵌段1且嵌段1的表面能量不同於嵌段2之嵌段共聚物可展現極佳的自組性質。
嵌段共聚物中,介於嵌段1和嵌段2之間之密度差的絕對值可為0.25g/cm3或更高,0.3g/cm3或更高,0.35g/cm3或更高,0.4g/cm3或更高,或0.45g/cm3或更高。前述密度差的絕對值可為0.9g/cm3或更高,0.8g/cm3或更低,0.7g/cm3或更低,0.65g/cm3或更低,或0.6g/cm3或更低。嵌段1和嵌段2之密度差的絕對值在以上範圍內且彼此藉共價鍵連接之結構因為足夠的不互溶程度造成的相分離而可誘發有效的微相分離。
以上嵌段共聚物中之各嵌段的密度係藉使用此技術中習知的浮力法測定;例如,可藉由分析嵌段共聚物在溶劑(如乙醇,已知其於空氣中質量和密度)中的質量而測得密度。
嵌段共聚物含有前述鏈時,含有鏈的嵌段所具有的密度低於其他嵌段。例如,嵌段共聚物的嵌段1中含有前述鏈時,嵌段1的密度低於嵌段2。此情況中,嵌
段1的密度可在約0.9g/cm3至1.5g/cm3範圍內。以上嵌段1的密度可為0.95g/cm3或更高。以上嵌段1的密度可為1.4g/cm3或更低,1.3g/cm3或更低,1.2g/cm3或更低,1.1g/cm3或更低,或1.05g/cm3或更低。含有以上嵌段1(其密度不同於上述嵌段2)之嵌段共聚物可展現極佳的自組性質。上述表面能量和密度可為於室溫測得的數值。
嵌段共聚物可含有體積分率在0.4至0.8範圍內的嵌段和體積分率在0.2至0.6範圍內的嵌段。嵌段共聚物含有上述鏈時,含有鏈之嵌段的體積分率可在0.4至0.8範圍內。例如,此鏈含於嵌段1中時,嵌段1的體積分率可在0.4至0.8範圍內,而嵌段2的體積分率可在0.2至0.6範圍內。嵌段1和嵌段2的體積分率的和等於1。含有上述體積分率之各嵌段之嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質。基於嵌段密度和分子量(其藉凝膠穿透層析法(GPC)測得)得到嵌段共聚物中之各嵌段的體積分率。
嵌段共聚物的數量平均分子量(Mn)可為,例如,在3,000至300,000範圍內。本說明書中,除非特定指明,否則“數量平均分子量”是指以GPC測得並基於聚苯乙烯標準品校正的值,且在本說明書中,除非特定指明,否則“分子量”是指數量平均分子量。另一例子中,Mn可為,例如,3000或更高,5000或更高,7000或更高,9000或更高,11000或更高,13000或更高,或15000或更高。又另一例子中,Mn可為約250000或更
低,200000或更低,180000或更低,160000或更低,140000或更低,120000或更低,100000或更低,90000或更低,80000或更低,70000或更低,60000或更低,50000或更低,40000或更低,30000或更低,或25000或更低。嵌段共聚物的多分散性(Mw/Mn)可以在1.01至1.60的範圍內。另一例子中,Mw/Mn可為約1.1或更高,約1.2或更高,約1.3或更高,或約1.4或更高。
在此範圍內,嵌段共聚物可展現足夠的自組性。可以考慮感興趣的自組結構等,調整嵌段共聚物的Mn等。
嵌段共聚物至少含有前述嵌段1和嵌段2時,嵌段1(如,含有前述鏈的嵌段之比例)在以上嵌段共聚物中之比例可在10mol%至90mol%範圍內。
本申請案亦係關於含有前述嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜。該聚合物膜可用於各種應用(例如,各種電子或電力設備)、用於形成前述圖案之程序、用於磁性儲存記錄介質(如快閃記憶體)或用於生物感知器。
一個例子中,前述嵌段共聚物可經由在前述聚合物膜中之自組而實現規則結構,如球、圓柱、螺旋二十四面體或層狀物。
例如,嵌段1、嵌段2或(在共價鍵結至嵌段1和嵌段2中之任一者之其他嵌段的鏈段中)鏈段在嵌段共聚物中形成規則結構,如層狀物型式或圓柱形式。
本申請案中之以上聚合物膜可具有平面內繞
射圖,其係在GISAXS分析期間內垂直於GISAXS繞射圖的x-分量的峰。另一例子中,在以上GISAXS繞射圖的x-分量上觀察到的峰數可為至少2且,當有數個峰存在時,可觀察到的峰之散射向量q值為整數比。
本申請案中,對於製備以上嵌段共聚物的詳細方法沒有特別的限制,只要該方法包括藉由使用可形成前述結構單元各者之單體而形成嵌段共聚物的至少一個嵌段即可。例如,使用以上單體,在活性自由基聚合(LRP)方法中製得嵌段共聚物。該方法的例子包括藉陰離子聚合反應合成,其中有機稀土金屬錯合物或有機鹼金屬化合物作為聚合反應引發劑,此在鹼金屬和無機酸鹽(如鹼土金屬)存在下進行;藉陰離子聚合法合成,其中有機鹼金屬化合物作為聚合反應引發劑,此在有機鋁化合物存在下進行;原子轉移自由基聚合反應(ATRP)方法,其中ATRP劑作為聚合反應控制劑;藉電子轉移再生活化劑(ARGET)ATRP方法,其中ATRP劑作為聚合反應控制劑,但聚合反應發生於有機或無機還原劑(其產生電子)存在時;用於連續活化劑再生(ICAR)ATRP方法之引發劑;藉可逆性加成一斷裂鏈轉移(RAFT)之聚合反應,其中,使用無機還原劑和RAFT劑;及使用有機碲化合物作為引發劑之方法,其中,可以選用適當的方法。
例如,前述嵌段共聚物可經由反應物(其包括能夠形成前述嵌段的單體)之聚合反應,藉由活性自由基聚合法,在自由基引發劑和活性自由基聚合反應劑存在
下進行。
對於形成在製備嵌段共聚物的期間內與前述單體形成的嵌段一併含於嵌段共聚物中之的另一嵌段之方法沒有特別的限制;可以考慮用於形成其他嵌段之感興趣的嵌段類型,適當地選擇單體。
製備嵌段共聚物之程序可進一步包括,例如,使經由以上程序製得的聚合反應產物沉澱於非溶劑中。
對於自由基引發劑的類型沒有特別的限制,且可以考慮聚合效能,適當地選擇自由基引發劑;例如,可以使用偶氮化合物(如偶氮基雙異丁腈(AIBN)和2,2’-偶氮基雙-(2,4-二甲基戊腈)或過氧化物系列(如苄醯過氧化物(BPO)和二-三級丁基過氧化物(DTBP))。
活性自由基聚合程序可以,例如,在溶劑(如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、二氯苯、苯、甲苯、丙酮、氯仿、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、單乙二醇二甲醚(monoglyme)、二乙二醇二甲醚(diglyme)、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲亞碸、和二甲基乙醯胺)中進行。
非溶劑的例子包括,但不限於,醇(如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、和異丙醇)、二醇(如乙二醇)、正己烷、環己烷、正庚烷、和醚(如石油醚)。
本申請案亦係關於藉由使用前述嵌段共聚物形成聚合物膜之方法。該方法可包括在基板上形成自組狀
態之含有以上嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜。例如,以上方法包括藉澱積之類,在基板上形成以上嵌段共聚物層或塗覆溶液(其中嵌段共聚物溶於適當溶劑中)層,且,必要時,亦可包括對以上層進行退火或熱處理的程序。
以上退火或熱處理可以,例如,基於嵌段共聚物的相轉變溫度或玻璃轉變溫度而進行;例如,可以在等於或大於以上玻璃轉變溫度或相轉變溫度的溫度進行。未特別限制此熱退火的期間且可為,例如,在約1分鐘至72小時的範圍內,雖可視須要地加以改變。熱處理溫度亦可為,例如,約100℃至250℃,其可取決於所用嵌段共聚物而改變。
另一例子中,以上方式形成的層可以在室溫於非極性溶劑和/或極性溶劑中進行約1分鐘至72小時的溶劑退火。
本申請案亦係關於形成圖案之方法。以上方法可包括,例如,從由基板和形成於該基板上並含有以上自組的嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜所製成的積層物選擇性地移除該嵌段共聚物的嵌段1或嵌段2之方法。以上方法可為在以上基板上形成圖案之方法。例如,以上方法可包括在基板上形成含有以上嵌段共聚物的聚合物膜,選擇性地移除存在於以上膜中之嵌段共聚物的任一或更多個嵌段,及之後蝕刻此基板。以上方法有助於形成微細圖案,例如,奈米尺寸。此外,藉以上方法亦可形成多種圖案(如奈米條和奈米孔),此取決於聚合物膜中的嵌段共聚物結構。
必要時,以上嵌段共聚物可以與另一共聚物、均聚物之類混合以形成圖案。未特別限制施用於以上方法之基板的類型且可經選擇以適合此應用;例如,可使用氧化矽。
例如,以上方法可形成展現高深寬比的氧化矽奈米尺寸圖案。可實現各種形式(如奈米條和奈米孔),例如,藉由在氧化矽上形成以上的聚合物膜,選擇性地移除以上聚合物膜(其中,嵌段共聚物構成預定結構)中之嵌段共聚物的任一嵌段,及之後藉各種技巧(例如,藉反應性離子蝕刻)中之任一者蝕刻氧化矽。以上方法亦有助於實現具有高深寬比的奈米圖案。
例如,可以數十奈米尺寸實現以上圖案,且此圖案可用於各種應用包括,例如,用於下一代資訊和電子產品的磁性記錄介質。
例如,可藉以上方法形成其寬度約3nm至40nm的奈米結構(如奈米線)間隔(如,間隔6nm至80nm)放置的圖案。另一例子中,亦可實現一種具有以約6nm至80nm間隔放置之寬度(如直徑)3nm至40nm的奈米孔的結構。
此外,以上結構中的奈米線或奈米孔可製成具有高深寬比。
以上方法中,對於選擇性地移除嵌段共聚物之任一嵌段的方法沒有特別的限制;例如,可以使用藉由使得聚合膜以適當電磁波(如紫外射線)照射以移除相對軟嵌段之方法。此情況中,紫外射線照射條件由嵌段共聚
物中的嵌段類型決定;例如,其可包括照射波長約254nm的紫外射線1分鐘至60分鐘。
紫外射線照射之後,可藉由以酸之類處理聚合物膜的方式,進行進一步移除已事先藉紫外射線瓦解之鏈段的程序。
此外,對於使用經選擇性地移除某些嵌段的聚合物膜作為遮罩,蝕刻基板之程序沒有特別的限制;例如,以上蝕刻可以經由以CF4/Ar離子之類進行反應性離子蝕刻的方式進行。以上蝕刻之後可經由氧電漿處理之類進行自基板移除聚合物膜的程序。
圖1和2各者分別是使用實例2的嵌段共聚物所形成之膜的AFM影像和SEM影像。
本申請案提出嵌段共聚物及其用途。本申請案之嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質或相分離性質並因此而可以無限制地被賦予各種所要求的功能。
下文將藉由根據本申請案之實例更詳細地描述本申請案,但本申請案之範圍不限於下文提出的實例。
使用NMR光譜儀(其包括Varian Unity Inova(500MHz)光譜儀和5-mm三重共振探頭)於室溫進行NMR分析。分析標的材料以用於NMR測定的溶劑(CDCl3)稀釋至濃度約10mg/ml,化學位移以ppm表示。
br=寬訊號,s=單峰,d=雙峰,dd=雙雙峰,t=三峰,dt=雙三峰,q=四峰,p=五峰,m=多峰。
數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈係藉GPC測定。分析標的材料(如實例的巨引發劑或嵌段共聚物)置於5-mL瓶中並以四氫呋喃(THF)稀釋至約1mg/mL濃度。之後,用於校正的標準試樣和待分析的試樣以針筒濾器(孔尺寸:0.45μm)過濾,之後分析。使用Chem Station(Agilent Technologies Inc.)作為分析程式,藉由比較試樣的沖提時間和校正曲線,得到重量平均分子量(Mw)和Mn各者,之後以比(Mw/Mn)計算分子量分佈(多分散性指數,PDI)。GPC的測定條件如下:
裝置:Agilent Technologies Inc.的1200 Series
管柱:兩個Polymer Laboratories的PLgel MIXED-B
溶劑:THF
管柱溫度:35℃
樣品濃度:1mg/mL,注射200L
標準試樣:聚苯乙烯(Mp:3900000,723000,316500,52200,31400,7200,3940,485)
藉以下方法合成以下結構式A所示的單體A(其中R代表甲基,X代表-C(=O)-X1-,,X1代表氧原子,Y代表伸苯基,其對位經取代基(以-Q-P表示者)取代,Q代表-K-C(=O)-X2-,K代表伸乙基,X2代表氧原子,P代表直鏈己基):對-p-香豆酸(10g)、1-己醇(6.2g)和對-甲苯磺酸(10.5g)置於含有1,4-二噁烷的100-mL瓶中及使其於回流時於105℃反應;反應完全之後,反應產物與二氯甲烷混合並藉氧化矽管柱移除對-甲苯磺酸;之後,物質在氧化矽管柱中藉使用乙酸乙酯和己烷加以純化並藉由在減低壓力下蒸餾而移除殘留的1-己醇,得到液態對-香豆酸己基(8.3g,產率55%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.61(d,1H);δ7.41(d,
2H);δ6.83(d,2H);δ6.28(d,1H);5.47(s,1H);δ4.17(t,2H);δ1.68(tt,2H);δ1.38(tt,2H);δ1.31(m,4H);δ0.88(t,3H)。
以上對-香豆酸己基(8.3g)、甲基丙烯酸(3.2g)和二氯甲烷(300mL)引至已添加N,N’-二環己基碳化二醯亞胺(DCC,7.6g)和N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP,1.6g)的瓶中並使其反應。反應完全之後,移除物質中的二氯甲烷,之後在氧化矽管柱中藉使用乙酸乙酯和己烷加以純化,得到液態單體A(9.6g,產率91%),其為以下結構式A所示者。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.67(d,1H);δ7.55(d,2H);δ7.16(d,2H);δ6.41(d,1H);δ6.36(s,1H);δ5.78(s,1H):δ4.20(t,2H);δ2.06(s,3H);δ1.70(tt,2H);δ1.40(tt,2H);δ1.33(m,4H);δ0.91(t,3H)。
以上單體A、RAFT試劑(CPDB,2-氰基丙-
2-基-苯并二硫代酯)和熱引發劑(AIBN,偶氮基雙異丁腈)以20:1:0.5(單體A:RAFT試劑:熱引發劑)的當量比引至瓶中並以茴香醚稀釋以製得固體濃度約30重量%的溶液。之後,使製得的溶液在氮氣氛下於約70℃反應約2小時,反應完全之後,在甲醇中沉澱以得到聚合物A。以上聚合物A的Mn和Mw/Mn分別是8,100和1.35。
藉以下方法合成實例1的結構式A所示的單體B(其中R代表甲基,X代表-C(=O)-X1-,X1代表氧原子,Y代表伸苯基,其對位經取代基(以-Q-P表示者)取代,Q代表伸環己基,P是直鏈戊基,其在以上伸環己基的對位):4-(反-4-戊基環己基)酚(15.0g)和甲基丙烯酸(5.8g)引至瓶中並溶於400mL二氯甲烷中;二環己基碳化二醯亞胺(DCC)(13.8g)和N,N-二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP)(3.0g)加至製得的溶液中並使其反應。反應完全之後,移除反應產物中的二氯甲烷,在氧化矽管柱中藉由使用乙酸乙酯和己烷加以純化,移除溶劑,得到白色固態單體B(16.7g,產率87%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.21(d,2H);δ7.02(d,
2H);δ6.33(s,1H);δ5.73(s,1H);δ2.47(t,1H);δ2.06(s,3H);δ1.88(t,4H);1.43(q,2H);δ1.33-1.21(m,8H);δ1.04(q,2H);δ0.90(t,3H)。
以上單體B、RAFT試劑(CPDB)和熱引發劑(AIBN)以15:1:0.1(單體B:RAFT試劑:熱引發劑)的當量比引至瓶中並以茴香醚稀釋以製得固體濃度約22重量%的溶液。之後,使製得的液體混合物在氮氣氛下於約70℃反應約3小時以得到巨引發劑。以上巨引發劑的Mn和Mw/Mn分別是7,400和1.35,且在DSC分析期間內於約50℃出現熔點。
以上巨引發劑、PFS(五氟苯乙烯)和熱引發劑(AIBN)以1:500:0.5(巨引發劑:PFS:AIBN)的重量比混合並以茴香醚稀釋以製得固體濃度約70重量%的溶液。之後,使此液體混合物在氮氣氛下於約70℃反應約1小時50分鐘,以得到嵌段共聚物B。以上嵌段共聚物B的Mn和Mw/Mn分別是13,400和1.27。
藉使用實例2中合成的嵌段共聚物B形成自組聚合物膜並觀察其結果。特定言之,藉由將共聚物溶於溶劑中至濃度約1.0重量%,製得塗覆溶液,此塗覆溶液
以約3000rpm的速率旋轉塗覆於矽晶圓上約60秒,塗層於約220℃經熱退火以形成含有自組的嵌段共聚物之膜。圖1是以上方法形成之聚合物膜的AFM影像,而圖2是相同膜的SEM影像。
Claims (16)
- 一種嵌段共聚物,其包含第一嵌段,此第一嵌段為藉以下結構式1表示的結構單元:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中結構式1中的X是-C(=O)-O-或-O-C(=O)-。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中結構式1中的Y是具6至12個碳且至少一部分經取代基-Q-P取代的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中結構式1中的Y是至少一部分經取代基-Q-P取代的苯基,其中取代基-Q-P是在該苯基的對位(相對於結構式1中的X)取代。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中取代基-Q-P的Q是-K-C(=O)-O-或-O-C(=O)-K-,其中K是具2至20個碳的伸烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中取代基-Q-P的Q是具3至12個碳的伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其中取代基-Q-P的P是具3至30個碳的烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物,其進一步包含第二嵌段,該第二嵌段具有包括一或更多個鹵原子的芳族結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之嵌段共聚物,其中該第二嵌段係藉以下結構式2表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之嵌段共聚物,其中該第二嵌段係藉以下結構式3表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之嵌段共聚物,其中三或更多個鹵原子含括於標示為R1至R5的位置。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之嵌段共聚物,其中五或更多個鹵原子含括於標示為R1至R5的位置。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之嵌段共聚物,其中該鹵原子係氟原子。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物之 聚合物膜,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 一種在基板上形成含有如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜之方法,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 一種形成圖案之方法,該方法包含:從由基板和形成於該基板上並包括如申請專利範圍第1項之嵌段共聚物的聚合物膜所製成的積層物選擇性地移除該嵌段共聚物的第一嵌段或另一嵌段,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
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