TWI503386B - Conductive primer composition - Google Patents
Conductive primer composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI503386B TWI503386B TW100138875A TW100138875A TWI503386B TW I503386 B TWI503386 B TW I503386B TW 100138875 A TW100138875 A TW 100138875A TW 100138875 A TW100138875 A TW 100138875A TW I503386 B TWI503386 B TW I503386B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- current collector
- primer composition
- conductive
- coupling agent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 84
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 32
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- -1 polypropylene decylamine Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006369 KF polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UMHKOAYRTRADAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [hydroxy(octoxy)phosphoryl] octyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC UMHKOAYRTRADAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Substances OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 3
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical class CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1 JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ICKWICRCANNIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPOXNPPZZKNXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochloromethane Chemical compound ClCBr JPOXNPPZZKNXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNVCVTLRINQCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N RNVCVTLRINQCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004060 quinone imines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003553 thiiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBUNZVGCAATOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-phenylpiperidin-4-yl) hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound C1CC(OC(=O)O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CBUNZVGCAATOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N (2s,3r)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQLRBFNNEQUJPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl diethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OQLRBFNNEQUJPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABFQGXBZQWZNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethanol Chemical compound COC(C)(O)OC ABFQGXBZQWZNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOKQGMYCUGJNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WOKQGMYCUGJNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)Cl BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMLNDVNTPWRZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecane Chemical compound ClCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC SMLNDVNTPWRZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWQYPLXGJIXMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 GWQYPLXGJIXMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTGKCDNVVMKVRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propyl-2h-pyrimidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCN1C[N+](C)=CC=C1 MTGKCDNVVMKVRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHWDSEPNZDYMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indol-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(N)=CC2=C1 IHWDSEPNZDYMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=CN1 XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZFRZEBLZFTODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethylpent-2-ene Chemical group CC(C)C(C)=C(C)C SZFRZEBLZFTODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFAWEYJGIGIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C(C1CO1)OCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC MFAWEYJGIGIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHEDBVUTTQXGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[bis(2-oxidoethyl)amino]ethanolate;titanium(4+);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Ti+4].[O-]CCN(CC[O-])CC[O-] IHEDBVUTTQXGSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AKCRQHGQIJBRMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1Cl AKCRQHGQIJBRMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical class [Ti+4].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-] KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCO HXDLWJWIAHWIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-hydroxypropanoate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SMDGQEQWSSYZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dicarboxyphenoxy)phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C(=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O SMDGQEQWSSYZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVPICLOQFXKSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethynyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C#CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O YVPICLOQFXKSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBIHNTAFJVHBLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(triethoxymethyl)undec-1-ene Chemical compound C(=C)C(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC LBIHNTAFJVHBLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-Methylbutanoic acid Natural products CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JIUWLLYCZJHZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O JIUWLLYCZJHZCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVORLKOYBADGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-diethyldithiolane Chemical compound CCC1(CC)CSSC1 DSVORLKOYBADGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRLSTWVLSWCGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-((4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC1=NC(SCCCCCCCC)=NC(NC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=N1 QRLSTWVLSWCGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 LFBALUPVVFCEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXPGQGNWEWPWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(triethoxymethyl)dodecan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC SXPGQGNWEWPWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFYGYTNMHPUJBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound SCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC DFYGYTNMHPUJBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CCC HCFAJYNVAYBARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFPKYGRZERDWLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC2C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1(C)C2 BFPKYGRZERDWLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYCTWJFSRDBYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydrobenzo[e][2]benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)CC1C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)OC2=O)C2C1 JYCTWJFSRDBYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWIYBOJLSWJGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 CWIYBOJLSWJGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylbenzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O JVERADGGGBYHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTFUTPSBLYIILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dichlorohexan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCCCC(Cl)Cl KTFUTPSBLYIILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZFLRNPZLCUVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O OZFLRNPZLCUVFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXPZDYVDTMMLNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 AXPZDYVDTMMLNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Chemical compound ClCCOCCCl ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JZHKIUBMQMDQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)C(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(=C)C(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC JZHKIUBMQMDQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHBCMGOXOAVJAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)C(C)C Chemical compound C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C)C(C)C DHBCMGOXOAVJAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGNKXFXIALBXRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Ti] Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCC)=O.[Ti] UGNKXFXIALBXRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVKCCBIDNWEUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1CO1)OC(CC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC)C Chemical compound C(C1CO1)OC(CC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC)C ZVKCCBIDNWEUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIVXCPGVSFNWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC=COCCCC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound CCC=COCCCC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC UIVXCPGVSFNWLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHJSCTNRFWNYID-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC=COCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound CCC=COCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC QHJSCTNRFWNYID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisoamyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCCC(C)C AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Eucalyptol Chemical compound C1CC2CCC1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMXIINXRGWJGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M FC(C(C(C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)CCCC.C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound FC(C(C(C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)CCCC.C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JMXIINXRGWJGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 UTGQNNCQYDRXCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPIGGYHFMKJNKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylglycine Chemical compound CC[NH2+]CC([O-])=O YPIGGYHFMKJNKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUBMGJOQLXMSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 OUBMGJOQLXMSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTGXWDZUZLWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCNCCCC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound NCCNCCCC(C(OC)(OC)C)CCCCCCCC KTGXWDZUZLWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEXBBTCNDBSFHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCNCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound NCCNCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC PEXBBTCNDBSFHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOCCCTYZUWSWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(=O)OP(=O)(O)O.C(CCCCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(=O)(O)O.C(CCCCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CCCCCCCCC QOCCCTYZUWSWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical class [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020816 Sn Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020836 Sn-Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020922 Sn-Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020988 Sn—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018956 Sn—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008783 Sn—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PLXNHESKPFMPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni+2].C(CCCCC)N Chemical compound [Ni+2].C(CCCCC)N PLXNHESKPFMPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBNVDFUEPGQZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[NH+](C)C UBNVDFUEPGQZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSBJUSIOTXTIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum platinum Chemical compound [Al].[Pt] XSBJUSIOTXTIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GDFLGQIOWFLLOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2-hydroxypropanoic acid;titanium Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ti].CC(O)C([O-])=O GDFLGQIOWFLLOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCZWPKDRLPGFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynecerium Chemical compound [Ce]#N BCZWPKDRLPGFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-methyl-butyric acid Natural products CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVVOCRBADNIWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC2C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)C1C2 IVVOCRBADNIWDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NMZURFAPYNEBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-tert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 NMZURFAPYNEBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQOFUSUDAMVORD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(6-methylheptyl) phenyl phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCC(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 NQOFUSUDAMVORD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethane Chemical compound CCBr RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930007050 cineol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960005233 cineole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011853 conductive carbon based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical class CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Cl UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLSFNSJUKGEOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO[P+](=O)OCCCCCCCC PLSFNSJUKGEOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEJNLUBEFCNORG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditridecyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC XEJNLUBEFCNORG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NVPXEWPKAICFCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCOC(C)=O NVPXEWPKAICFCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044949 eucalyptus oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010642 eucalyptus oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxylamine group Chemical group NO AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FBBDOOHMGLLEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrochloride Chemical compound C.Cl FBBDOOHMGLLEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSQCNXSPLHDLED-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate;tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DSQCNXSPLHDLED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZQLAXKQISZQPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate;tetraphenylazanium Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC=CC=C1[N+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZQLAXKQISZQPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMXBRVLCKXGWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-cyclohexylacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC1CCCCC1 IMXBRVLCKXGWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N norvaline betaine Chemical compound CCCC(C([O-])=O)[N+](C)(C)C HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQJBQMSCFSJABN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[O-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[O-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[O-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[O-] KQJBQMSCFSJABN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNZDCZUIWSVSRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentoxyboronic acid Chemical compound CCCCCOB(O)O RNZDCZUIWSVSRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTZWHHIREPJPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phorone Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(=O)C=C(C)C MTZWHHIREPJPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930193351 phorone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXVGEDCSTKKODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulisobenzone Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(OC)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXVGEDCSTKKODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LDOAUKNENSIPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroammonium Chemical compound F[N+](F)(F)F LDOAUKNENSIPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種電池集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物,以該等塗覆之電池集電體及包含該電池集電體之電池。該電池之內部電阻低,充放電循環特性優異,且充放電電容大,經長期間多循環充放電後難以引起電極活性物質自電集電體脫落,為長壽命。
輕量且電壓高、電容亦大之鋰離子蓄電池,或充放電速率特性良好之電雙層電容器作為行動電話或筆記型電腦等行動機器之電源已被實用化。然而,對於在發動車子及停車時必須在短時間輸出輸入大電流之車載用等之電源用途,以往之電池其內部電阻高,在高速下之充放電循環特性在實用上並不充分。又,以往之電池就續航距離之觀點而言,充放電電容亦不充分,再就安全之觀點來看,電極活性物質層與金屬集電體之間之密著性仍不足。
如上述,無法發揮作為電池之充分特性之一理由可列舉為電池集電體與活性物質層間之電阻值高,且,電池集電體與活性物質層之間之密著力仍不足。至於改善該問題之對策,已想出有藉由在電池集電體上設導電性塗覆層,且於該導電性塗覆層之表面上形成活性物質層,藉此降低電池集電體與活性物質層間之界面電阻,提高密著力之方法(專利文獻1)。
其中,使作為黏著劑而調配之高分子化合物交聯之類型之耐溶劑性與密著性優異(專利文獻2、3、4)。
然而,該等方法中,對於車載用等之電源用途之電池,無法達成在實用上充分之高速下之充放電循環特性,尤其是進行長期間充放電循環試驗或高溫放置試驗時對於防止電池特性之劣化並不充分。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]特開昭63-121265號公報
[專利文獻2]特開平7-201362號公報
[專利文獻3]WO2009/147989號說明書
[專利文獻4]特開2010-146726號公報
本發明之課題係解決提高電池集電體與活性物質層之密著性且用以改善電池特性所用之集電體之導電性塗覆劑在長期間充放電使用之情況或充電之狀態下高溫放置時,因電化學分解而剝離,使電池特性大幅滑落之以往技術之問題點。
本發明人為解決以往技術之上述問題點而進行檢討,發現造成電池特性劣化之原因係由於以往之黏著劑與電池集電體之間之鍵結容易因電化學分解,在充放電時容易使底塗層自電池集電體剝離。
本發明為一種包含具有與活性氫鍵結之取代基之高分子、具有活性氫之無機粒子、及導電助劑之電池或電雙層電容器之集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物,藉由將其塗覆於電池或電雙層電容器之集電體上,可防止長期間多次循環充放電後或在充電完畢之狀態下高溫放置時之電池特性之劣化。
本發明進而為以上述電池或電雙層電容器之集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈之電池或電雙層電容器之集電體,及包含該電池或電雙層電容器之集電體之電池。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物由於使該無機微粒子表面之活性氫基與存在於電池或電雙層電容器之集電體表面上之活性氫基、及具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子鍵結,故對電池或電雙層電容器之集電體之密著性高,且難以電化學性地切斷無機微粒子表面之活性氫基與集電體表面之活性氫基之無機-無機鍵,故具有可形成電化學性安定的塗覆層之優點。
本發明進而由於密著力比以往之導電性塗覆層強,故切割電極時不易發生導電性之切屑,可防止因使用時短路造成之事故。
本發明之電池集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物含有具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子、具有活性氫基之無機粒子、及導電性助劑。
本發明中之具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子為分子內具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子化合物。所謂與活性氫基鍵結之取代基為可與前述無機粒子具有之活性氫基形成偶極子相互作用或氫鍵,或可引起化學反應而形成共價鍵之取代基。與活性氫基形成偶極子相互作用或氫鍵之取代基具體而言可例示為羥基(-OH)、羧基(-COOH)、胺基(-NH2
、-NHR1
)、醯肼基(R1
R2
NN(R3
)C(=O)R4
)、羥基胺基(-NHOH)、磺基(-SO3
H)、硫醇基(-SH)、矽烷醇基(-SiOHR1
R2
)(前述式中,R1
~R4
為氫原子、C1
~C8
之烷基、羥基、醯基、羧基、胺基、乙烯基、烯丙基、芳基、鹵素、金屬等)等,活性氫基彼此可形成偶極子相互作用或氫鍵。又,可藉與無機粒子具有之活性氫基反應而形成共價鍵之取代基可例示為如環氧基或氧雜環丁烷基之環氧烷環、環硫化物(episulfide)基、伸乙亞胺、酯基(藉由酯交換反應而交聯)、烷氧基矽烷或金屬烷氧化物、金屬螯合物等,但並不限於該等。
具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子之具體例可例示為完全皂化之聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval PVA-124,日本VAM & POVAL股份有限公司製造;JC-25等)、部分皂化之聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval PVA-235,日本VAM & POVAL股份有限公司製造;JP-33等)、改質之聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray K Polymer KL-118、Kuraray C Polymer CM-318、Kuraray R Polymer R-1130、Kuraray LM Polymer LM-10HD,日本VAM & POVAL股份有限公司製造;D Polymer DF-20、陰離子改質之PVA AF-17,信越化學工業股份有限公司製造;氰基樹脂CR-S等)、羧基甲基纖維素(Daicel工業股份有限公司製造;H-CMC、DN-100L、1120、2200,日本製紙化學股份有限公司製造;MAC200HC等)、羥基乙基纖維素(Daicel工業股份有限公司製造;SP-400等)、聚丙烯醯胺(MT AQUA POLYMER股份有限公司製造;ACCOFLOC A-102)、環氧樹脂(NAGASE CHEMTEX股份有限公司製造;EX-614,Japan ChemTech股份有限公司製造;Epicote 5003-W55等)、環硫化物(日本環氧樹脂股份有限公司製造;YL7000等)、聚伸乙亞胺(日本觸媒股份有限公司製造;EPOMIN P-1000)、聚丙烯酸酯(MT AQUA POLYMER股份有限公司製造;ACCOFLOC C-502等)、糖類及其衍生物(和光純藥工業股份有限公司製造;CHITOSAN 5;日澱化學股份有限公司製造;酯化澱粉乳精華)、聚苯乙烯磺酸(TOSOH有機化學股份有限公司製造;POLINAS PS-100)、甲基二甲氧基矽烷基末端聚環氧丙烷(KANEKA股份有限公司製造;KANEKA SILYL SAT200)等。
本發明中之與活性氫基鍵結之取代基可進一步列舉為矽烷基(-SiR11
R12
R13
)(式中,R11
~R13
獨立表示由C1
~C6
烷基、及鹵素基所組成群組選出之基,但R1
~R3
之至少一者為-OR14
(式中,R14
為由C1
~C6
烷基及源自可構成電池或電雙層電容器之電解質之陽離子之基所成群組選出之基)。至於本發明中之具有矽烷基之高分子可例示為於前述水溶性高分子上取代矽烷基而成之化合物(例如,矽烷基改質之聚乙烯醇)、及與前述水溶性高分子中之活性氫基反應之取代基(環氧基(信越化學工業股份有限公司製造之KBM-403)、羧酸酐(3-(三甲氧基矽烷基)丙基琥珀酸酐)、異氰酸酯基(信越化學工業KBE9007))與前述具有矽烷基之化合物之反應產物。
本發明中之具有活性氫基之無機粒子可使用各種習知之無機粒子,例如,二氧化矽、高嶺土、莫來石(Mullite)、氧化鈦、氧化錫、軟水鋁石(Boehmite)、γ-氧化鋁、α-氧化鋁、氧化鈹、氫氧化鐵;Fe(OH)2
、氫氧化錳、氫氧化鎂、氮化矽、氮化鋁、氧化鋯、羥基磷灰石、鈦酸鋇、碳酸鍶、螢石、肥粒鐵、氧化鋅等。該等無機粒子以其等電點愈接近存在於所適用之電池集電體表面上之活性氫基之等電點愈好,例如對於一般用於鋰離子蓄電池之集電體或電雙層電容器之集電體中之鋁,較好使用對應之氧化物之氧化鋁或氫氧化物之軟水鋁石的具有等電點之pH的7.7~9.1附近的等電點之pH之無機粒子。無機粒子之等電點之pH較好在1.8~14之間,更好在4.5~14之間,又更好在6~11之範圍,最好為7~10之範圍者。至於各種無機粒子之等電點之pH,可例示為二氧化矽(pH約1.8)、高嶺土(pH約5.1)、莫來石(pH約6.3)、氧化鈦;銳鈦礦(pH約6.2)、氧化錫(pH約6.9)、軟水鋁石(pH約7.7)、γ-氧化鋁(pH約7.9)、α-氧化鋁(pH約9.1)、氧化鈹(pH約10.1)、氫氧化鐵;Fe(OH)2
(pH約12.0)、氫氧化錳(pH約12.0)、氫氧化鎂(pH約12.4)等。等電點可使用以JIS R1638「精密陶磁粉末之等電點測定方法」所規定之方法測定之數值。該等無機粒子可使用一種,或適當組合兩種以上使用,為了使表面之活性氫基活性化,較好為在200℃左右之高溫下乾燥約1小時者。該等亦可以粉末使用,亦可以二氧化矽溶膠或氧化鋁溶膠之水分散膠體之形式使用。粒子之大小,由於比表面積與表面之活性氫基之量成比例,故而較小較佳,較好為0.001~1μm之範圍,又更好為0.005~0.5μm之範圍。又,以不妨礙藉由導電助劑之接觸而導通之方式,無機粒子之大小比導電助劑之粒子大小或導電助劑彼此之二次凝聚造成之凝聚粒子之大小較小者較佳。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物,相對於高分子化合物100重量份,較好含有0.1~1000重量份之具有活性氫基之無機粒子,更好含有1~200重量份,最好含有5~100重量份。
本發明中之導電助劑可為導電性粒子或填料、或具有離子性之液體。
導電性粒子或導電性填料列舉為Ag、Cu、Au、Al、Mg、Rh、W、Mo、Co、Ni、Pt、Pd、Cr、Ta、Pb、V、Zr、Ti、In、Fe、Zn等金屬粉末或薄片、或膠體;Sn-Pb系、Sn-In系、Sn-Bi系、Sn-Ag系、Sn-Zn系之合金粉末或薄片;乙炔黑、爐灰黑、煙囪黑等碳黑或石墨、石墨纖維、石墨小纖維、碳纖維、活性碳、木炭、碳奈米管、富勒烯等導電性碳系材料;氧化鋅、氧化錫、氧化銦、氧化鈦(二氧化鈦、一氧化鈦等)等中之因存在晶格缺陷而生成剩餘電子並顯示導電性之金屬氧化物系導電性填料。該導電性粒子或填料可使用一種或可適當組合兩種以上使用,較好為進一步利用以偶合劑等處理表面者。粒子之大小就導電性或液性之觀點而言較好在0.001~100μm之範圍,更好在0.01~10μm之範圍。但,為了對導電性塗層賦予凹凸之錨定效果而提高與活性物質層之密著性,亦可使用比上述範圍大之導電性粒子。該情況下,相對於上述範圍之導電性助劑,可使1~50重量%,更好5~10重量%之量之大的導電性粒子複合。該等導電性粒子可使用例如碳纖維(帝人股份有限公司製造;RAHEAMA R-A101=纖維徑8μm,纖維長度30μm)等。
具有離子性之液體可為溶解有離子之液體或離子性液體。至於溶解有離子之液體的離子,在溶劑為水時可例示為氯化鈉、氯化鉀、氯化鋰等,溶劑為碳酸二甲酯等有機物時可例示為六氟化磷酸鋰等。至於離子性液體之例可例示為1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓雙(五氟乙基磺醯基)醯亞胺、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓溴化物等咪唑鎓鹽衍生物;3-甲基-1-丙基嘧啶鎓雙(三氟甲基磺醯基)醯亞胺、1-丁基-3-甲基吡啶鎓雙(三氟甲基磺醯基)醯亞胺等吡啶鎓鹽衍生物;四丁基銨十七氟辛烷磺酸鹽、四苯基銨甲烷磺酸鹽等之烷基銨衍生物;四丁基鏻甲烷磺酸鹽等鏻鹽衍生物等。該等具有離子性之液體可與導電性粒子組合使用。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物相對於高分子化合物100重量份較好含有1~10000重量份,更好含有10~9000重量份,最好含有20~8000重量份之導電性助劑。
本發明之電池集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物由於使用含有具有與存在於集電體金屬表面之活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子或含有具有活性氫基之無機粒子之調配物作為黏著劑故密著性高,且由於高分子透過無機粒子與集電體金屬鍵結故亦不易進行電化學性分解。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物可進而含有矽烷偶合劑或鈦偶合劑等偶合劑。該等偶合劑具體而言,作為氟系偶合劑,可列舉為(十三氟-1,1,2,2-四氫辛基)三乙氧基矽烷,作為環氧改質之矽烷偶合劑舉例為信越化學工業股份有限公司製造之偶合劑(商品名:KBM-403),作為氧雜環丁烷改質之矽烷偶合劑舉例為東亞合成股份有限公司製造之偶合劑(商品名:TESOX),或者乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、N-(β-胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-(β-胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、γ-縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、β-縮水甘油氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、γ-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等矽烷偶合劑,或三乙醇胺鈦酸酯、乙醯基乙酸鈦、乙基乙醯基乙酸鈦、乳酸鈦、乳酸鈦銨鹽、四硬脂基鈦酸酯、異丙基三異丙苯基苯基鈦酸酯、異丙基三(N-胺基乙基-胺基乙基)鈦酸酯、二異丙苯基苯基氧基乙酸酯鈦酸酯、異丙基三辛醯基鈦酸酯、異丙基二甲基丙烯基異硬脂醯基鈦酸酯、鈦月桂酸乙酯、辛二醇鈦酸酯、異丙基三異硬脂醯基鈦酸酯、三異硬脂醯基異丙基鈦酸酯、異丙基十三烷基苯磺醯基鈦酸酯、四(2-乙基己基)鈦酸酯、鈦酸丁酯二聚物、異丙基異硬脂醯基二丙烯酸鈦酸酯、異丙基三(二辛基磷酸酯)鈦酸酯、異丙基參(二辛基焦磷酸酯)鈦酸酯、四異丙基雙(二辛基磷酸酯)鈦酸酯、四辛基雙(二-十三烷基磷酸酯)鈦酸酯、四(2,2-二烯丙基氧基甲基-1-丁基)雙(二-十三烷基)磷酸酯鈦酸酯、雙(二辛基焦磷酸酯)氧基乙酸酯鈦酸酯、鈦酸雙(二辛基焦磷酸酯)伸乙酯、鈦酸四-異丙酯、鈦酸四-正丁酯、鈦酸二異硬脂醯基伸乙酯等鈦系偶合劑。該等化合物可使用一種,或適當組合兩種以上使用。偶合劑較好為鈦系偶合劑或矽烷系偶合劑。鈦系偶合劑對於等電點之pH為7以上之無機粒子可更好地適用,矽烷偶合劑對於等電點之pH未達7之無機粒子可更好地適用。藉由於電池集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物中調配偶合劑而使用於具有活性氫基之粒子之表面處理,可與導電性底塗劑組成物中所含之活性氫鍵性之取代基反應而進一步提高交聯密度,可進一步抑制構成活性物質之元素與構成集電體之元素之相互取代反應。尤其,藉由鈦系偶合劑或矽烷系偶合劑引起對活性氫基之交聯反應,藉此提高交聯速度而可提高對電池集電體之密著力或強度、電化學耐性。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物相對於無機粒子100重量份較好含有0.001~10重量份,最好含有0.01~5重量份之偶合劑。該等偶合劑雖會與無機粒子表面之活性氫基引起反應,但由於消耗掉全部活性氫時無法與高分子化合物或電池集電體表面之活性氫基鍵結,故需要以超過其之量來添加。最適之添加量為將各種無機粒子分散於90%甲醇10%水之混合液中,且於其中添加任意量之偶合劑並反應,隨後以氣相層析分析去除粒子後之混合液,由檢出之游離偶合劑之量求得相對於各種無機粒子之100%反應之偶合劑之量,且可由該量求得。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物較好含有各種溶劑或安定劑。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物,為了調整液性,可含有各種溶劑。至於溶劑可例示為烴(丙烷、正丁烷、正戊烷、異己烷、環己烷、正辛烷、異辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、戊基苯、松香油、蒎烯(pinene)等),鹵系烴(氯化甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、氯化乙烯、溴化甲烷、溴化乙烷、氯苯、氯溴甲烷、溴苯、氟二氯甲烷、二氯二氟甲烷、二氟氯乙烷等)、醇類(甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正戊醇、異戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇、2-辛醇、正十二烷醇、壬醇、環己醇、縮水甘油等),醚類、乙縮醛(乙基醚、二氯乙基醚、異丙基醚、正丁基醚、二異戊基醚、甲基苯基醚、乙基苄基醚、呋喃、糠醛、2-甲基呋喃、桉樹腦(cineol)、甲縮醛(methylal))、酮類(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基正丙基酮、甲基正戊基酮、二異丁基酮、佛爾酮(phorone)、異佛爾酮、環己酮、苯乙酮等)、酯類(甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、甲酸丙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸甲基環己酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯等),多元醇與其衍生物(乙二醇、乙二醇單甲基醚、乙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單乙基醚、甲氧基甲氧基乙醇、乙二醇單乙酸酯、二乙二醇、二乙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇、丙二醇單乙基醚等)、脂肪酸及酚類(甲酸、乙酸、乙酸酐、丙酸、丙酸酐、丁酸、異戊酸、酚、甲酚、鄰-甲酚、二甲酚等),氮化合物(硝基甲烷、硝基乙烷、1-硝基丙烷、硝基苯、單甲基胺、二甲基胺、三甲基胺、單乙基胺、二戊基胺、苯胺、單甲基苯胺、鄰-甲苯胺、鄰-氯苯胺、二氯己基胺、二環己基胺、單乙醇胺、甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、乙醯胺、乙腈、吡啶、α-甲基吡啶、2,4-二甲基吡啶、喹啉、嗎啉等)、硫、磷、其他化合物(二硫化碳、二甲基亞碸、4,4-二乙基-1,2-二硫雜環戊烷、二甲基硫醚、二甲基二硫醚、甲烷硫醇、丙烷磺內酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三苯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸伸乙酯、硼酸戊酯等)、無機溶劑(液體氨、矽油等)、水等液體。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物可以任意比例添加用以調整黏度之與塗佈裝置匹配之溶劑,就塗佈性之觀點而言,黏度較好為1~10000mPa‧s,黏度更好為10~1000mPa‧s,黏度最好為100~500mPa‧s。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物可視需要進一步含有適當選擇之安定劑。該等安定劑具體而言可列舉為以2,6-二-第三丁基-酚、2,4-二-第三丁基酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-乙基酚、2,4-雙-(正辛硫基)-6-(4-羥基-3,5-二-第三丁基-苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪等例示之酚系抗氧化劑,以烷基二苯基胺、N,N’-二苯基-對-苯二胺、6-乙氧基-2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氫喹啉、N-苯基-N’-異丙基-對-苯二胺等例示之芳香族胺系抗氧化劑,以二月桂基-3,3’-硫代二丙酸酯、二-十三烷基-3,3’-硫代二丙酸酯、雙[2-甲基-4-{3-正烷基硫代丙醯氧基}-5-第三丁基-苯基]硫醚、2-巰基-5-甲基-苯并咪唑等例示之硫醚系過氧化氫分解劑,以參(異癸基)磷酸酯、苯基二異辛基磷酸酯、二苯基異辛基磷酸酯、二(壬基苯基)季戊四醇二磷酸酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基-苄基磷酸酯二乙酯、雙(4-第三丁基苯基)磷酸鈉等例示之磷系過氧化氫分解劑,以水楊酸苯酯、水楊酸4-第三辛基苯酯等例示之水楊酸酯系光安定劑,以2,4-二羥基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸等例示之二苯甲酮系光安定劑,以2-(2’-羥基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2,2’-亞甲基雙[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-(2N-苯并三唑-2-基)酚]等例示之苯并三唑系光安定劑,以苯基-4-哌啶基碳酸酯、癸二酸雙-[2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基]等例示之受阻胺系光安定劑,以[2,2’-硫基-雙(4-第三辛基酚酸酯)]-2-乙基己基胺-鎳-(II)例示之Ni系光安定劑,氰基丙基酸酯系光安定劑、草醯替苯胺系光安定劑等。該等化合物可使用一種,或可適當組合兩種以上使用。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物,相對於具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子100重量份,較好含有0.01~10重量份之安定劑,更好含有0.05~5重量份,最好含有0.1~1重量份。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物可含有各種界面活性劑以調整濡濕性。至於該種界面活性劑,作為陰離子界面活性劑列舉為石鹼、月桂基硫酸鹽、聚氧伸乙基烷基醚硫酸鹽、烷基苯磺酸鹽、聚氧伸乙基烷基醚磷酸、聚氧伸乙基烷基苯基醚磷酸、N-醯基胺基酸鹽、α-烯烴磺酸鹽、烷基硫酸酯鹽、烷基苯基醚硫酸酯鹽、甲基牛磺酸鹽等,至於抗衡陽離子可使用鈉離子或鋰離子。鋰離子蓄電池中更好為鋰離子型。至於兩性界面活性劑列舉為鹽酸烷酯二胺基乙基甘胺酸、2-烷基-N-羧基甲基-N-羥基乙基咪唑鎓甜菜鹼、月桂基二甲胺基乙酸甜菜鹼、椰油脂肪酸醯胺丙基甜菜鹼、脂肪酸烷基甜菜鹼、磺醯甜菜鹼、胺氧化物等,非離子型(nonion)界面活性劑列舉為聚乙二醇之烷酯型化合物、三乙二醇單丁基醚等烷基醚型化合物、聚氧基山梨糖醇酐酯等酯型化合物、烷基酚型化合物、氟型化合物、矽型化合物等。該等化合物可使用一種,或適當組合兩種以上使用。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物,相對於具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子100重量份,較好含有0.01~50重量份,更好含有0.1~20重量份,最好含有1~10重量份之界面活性劑。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物,可進而含有有機物粒子。本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物可藉由將對皮膜賦予柔軟性之電解液含浸於該有機物粒子中而提高離子傳導性。至於該種有機物粒子列舉為如苯乙烯丁二烯或硝基橡膠之橡膠微粒子、丙烯酸粒子、胺基甲酸酯粒子、聚丙烯粒子、聚乙烯粒子、鐵氟龍(註冊商標)粒子等。該等粒子可使用一種,或適當組合兩種以上使用,亦可以乳液之形式添加。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物,相對於具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子100重量份,較好含有0.01~100重量份之有機物粒子,更好為0.5~80重量份,最好為1~50重量份。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物中可進而調配硬化劑,可提高皮膜之強度或提高皮膜或界面之耐電分解性。至於該種硬化劑可使用聚碳酸或聚磺酸等之酸,具體而言,可例示為檸檬酸、丁烷四羧酸、3,3’,4,4’-聯苯四羧酸、六氫苯二甲酸、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氫-5(四氫-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)萘并[1,2-c]呋喃-1,3-二酮(酸酐)、甘油雙偏苯三酸酐單乙酸酯(酸酐)、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基碸四羧酸、乙二醇雙偏苯三酸酐(酸酐)、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基碸四羧酸、乙二醇雙偏苯三酸酐、甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸、雙環[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸、天冬胺酸、聯苯四酸、苯六甲酸、含磷酯基之四羧酸、苯基乙炔基苯二甲酸、氧基二苯二甲酸等。其中芳香族羧酸就反應性之觀點而言為較佳,以一分子中取代有三個以上羧酸者就反應性或交聯密度之觀點而言較佳。又,例示之聚羧酸之內,亦可使用相當於酸酐者。
本發明之導電性底塗劑,相對於具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子100重量份,較好含有1~300重量份之硬化劑,更好含有10~200重量份,最好含有20~100重量份。
本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物可藉由混合上述成分並攪拌以溶液或懸浮液等而獲得。攪拌可適當選擇螺旋槳式混練機、行星式混練機、混合式混練機、揑合機、乳化用均質機、超音波均質機等各種攪拌裝置而進行。又,亦可視需要邊加熱或冷卻邊攪拌。
本發明為以上述電池或電雙層電容器之集電體用之導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈之電池或電雙層電容器之集電體。
以本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈之集電體可將使用上述材料調配而成之導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於電池或電雙層電容器之集電體上而製造。至於電池或電雙層電容器之集電體,可例示為金、銀、銅、鋁、鎳、鐵、鈷等金屬或碳纖不織布、金屬複合材料等具有導電性之複合材料,鋰離子蓄電池中正極用鋁箔,負極用銅箔,電雙層電容器中使用鋁箔或鋁之蝕刻箔。塗佈可利用凹版塗佈器或狹縫模嘴塗佈器、噴霧塗佈器、浸漬塗佈器等。塗佈層之厚度較好在0.01~100μm之範圍,就電特性及密著性之觀點而言,更好在0.05~5μm之範圍。塗佈層太薄時,導電助劑與及電池集電體接觸之機會或面積減少無法使電阻值下降。相反地太厚時電阻隨厚度成比例地提高故電阻值無法降低。
本發明係關於包含以上述電池或電雙層電容器之集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈之電池或電雙層電容器之集電體之電池或電雙層電容器。電池之製造可以習知方法進行。
依據本發明,可防止用於提高電池集電體與活性物質層間之密著力使用時之因剝離造成之電池特性之劣化。
依據本發明,由於可降低集電體與活性物質層間之電阻,故可以高速充放電。
依據本發明,由於可形成電化學上安定之界面結合狀態,故長期重複多次循環充放電,或者在充電完畢之狀態下經高溫放置時,可防止伴隨著電分解造成之電池之劣化。
本發明之電池由於內部電阻低,且難以引起集電體與活性物質層之剝離,故可使大電流流過,且可急速充放電。且,由於對電池集電體表面強固地鍵結,故可抑制隨著界面之劣化造成之電阻值增大,使經充放電試驗或儲存試驗等長期信賴性試驗後之電池特性之降低較小。尤其,本發明之具有活性氫基之無機粒子與存在於電池集電體表面之極性取代基(例如金屬時為羥基等)形成氫鍵或共價鍵,故密著力與其密著力之電化學耐久性優異。以往之導電性底塗劑組成物由於有助於有機物鍵結故容易經電化學性切斷,無法製造長期信賴性相當優異之電池,但依據本發明,無機粒子表面之活性氫基與集電體金屬表面之極性取代基之鍵結為電化學性安定,長期安定性優異。又,塗佈劑中之導電性助劑藉由與集電體表面之相互作用亦使界面之電阻值下降。例如,金屬集電體之情況,雖表面存在有絕緣性之氧化膜或氫氧化膜,但使用導電性粒子時由於突破該等絕緣性膜而可使電阻值下降,且使用離子性液體時,藉由滲入至該等絕緣性膜之缺損中而可減低電阻值。
另以本發明之導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈之電池集電體,相對於電阻值相對高之橄欖石鐵系(LiFePO4
)之鋰離子電池,使內部電阻下降之效果高故最適用。
利用以下實施例具體說明本發明,但本發明並不限於該等實施例。添加量之表示若無指定則為重量份。
針對後述之實施例及比較例中製造之鋰離子蓄電池測定下述特性。
為產生初期電容,以0.01mA之定電流充電至電壓成為4.2V為止,接著以4.2V之定電壓充電2小時。隨後,以0.01mA之定電流放電至電壓成為3V為止。重複此程序三次,以第三次之放電電容作為初期電容。
使測定初期電容後之電池成為4.2V之電位,以其電位在中心±20mV之電壓變化下測定1kHz之阻抗。
自初期電容求得放電速率,測定放電速率以外之放電電容。充電為每次耗時10小時,以定電流使電壓上升至4.2V後,以4.2V定電壓充電2小時。隨後,在10小時內以定電流放電至成為3V,以此時之放電電容作為0.1C之放電電容。接著同樣充電後,自以0.1C求得之放電電容於1小時放電結束之電流值進行放電,求得此時之放電電容作為1C時之放電電容。同樣,求得3C、10C、30C時之放電電容,計算出以0.1C時之放電電容作為100%時之電容維持率。
實施以1C充電至4.2V,以4.2V之定電壓充電2小時及以1C放電之充放電試驗。此時,計算放電電容相對於最初第一次之放電成為多少%,以電容達到80%時之充放電次數作為壽命。
於45℃,以1C充電至4.2V,且約每隔一天測定以4.2V之定電壓下之阻抗變化。以電阻值成為2倍之時間作為壽命。
使電池在上述循環壽命之條件下進行1000次循環耐久充放電試驗,將電池分解以確認是否有活性物質層由自耐久試驗後之正極及負極脫離。
評價基準如下:
◎:完全未見到脫離
○:雖見到部分脫離,但集電體並未剝離
△:進行脫離,且集電體之一部份剝離
×:活性物質層完全脫離。
針對後述實施例及比較例中製造之電雙層電容器,測定下列特性。
為產生初期電容,以0.01mA之定電流充電至電壓成為2.1V為止。隨後,以0.01mA之定電流放電至電壓成為0V為止。重複此程序三次,以第三次之放電電容作為初期電容。
使測定初期電容後之電池成為2.1V之電位,使其電位在中心±10mV之電壓變化下測定1kHz之阻抗。
自初期電容求得放電速率,測定放電速率以外之放電電容。充電係以每次耗時1小時以定電流充電至電壓上升至2.1V為止。隨後,在1小時內以定電流放電直到0V為止,以此時之放電電容作為1C之放電電容。接著同樣充電後,自以1C求得之放電電容,在0.1小時內以完成放電之電流值進行放電,求得此時之放電電容作為10C時之放電電容。同樣,求得30C、100C、300C時之放電電容,算出以1C時之放電電容作為100%時之電容維持率。
進行以1C充電至2.1V及以1C放電至0V之充放電試驗。此時,計算放電電容相對於最初第一次之放電成為多少%,以到電容低於80%時之充放電次數作為壽命。
在60℃,以1C充電至2.9V,且約每隔一天測定以2.9V之定電壓下之阻抗變化。以電阻值成為2倍之時間作為壽命。
使電池在上述浮動壽命條件下進行3000小時之耐久浮動試驗,由自耐久試驗後之電極集電體是否有活性物質層之脫離而確認電雙層電容器之分解。
評價基準如下:
◎:完全未見到脫離
○:雖見到部分脫離,但集電體並未剝離
△:進行脫離,且集電體之一部份剝離
×:活性物質層完全脫離。
實施例1~28係說明使用將由具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子、具有活性氫基之無機粒子、及導電助劑所成之導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於正極上而成之集電體,製造鋰離子蓄電池之方法。
將水1000份添加於10L之燒杯中,邊在25℃攪拌邊添加20份之具有與活性氫基鍵結之取代基之高分子,花費3小時加熱至80℃,進而於80℃攪拌5小時至均勻為止。冷卻至25℃後,於其中添加10份之具有活性氫基之無機粒子,且於4小時內攪拌至略均勻為止。
使用裝設冷卻套筒之珠粒研磨機分散上述分散液。分散係以填充率80%放入0.3mm之氧化鋯球,且以周速15m,使液溫不成為40℃以上之方式邊進行冷卻邊連續循環48小時而進行,獲得分散液。
接著,添加25份作為導電助劑之乙炔黑(電化學工業公司製;DENKA BLACK HS-100)攪拌直至大致均勻獲得分散液。
使用裝設冷卻套筒之珠粒研磨機進一步分散上述分散液。分散係以填充率80%放入0.5mm之氧化鋯球,且以周速7m,使液溫不成為30℃以上之方式邊進行冷卻邊循環攪拌2次,獲得導電性底塗劑組成物之塗佈液。對應於各實施例之各材料記載於表1。
※實施例中使用之表1中之材料如下。
‧二氧化矽(CI化成股份有限公司製造:NanoTek SiO2
=等電點之pH 1.8)
‧軟水鋁石(大明化學工業股份有限公司製造;C01=等電點之pH 7.5)
‧合成蒙脫土(Co-op化學股份有限公司製造;LUCENTITE SWN=等電點pH 10.5)
‧莫來石(共立材料股份有限公司製造;KM101,等電點之pH 5.8)
‧氧化鈦(日揮觸媒化成股份有限公司製造;PW-1010,等電點之pH 6.1 10%)
‧氧化錫(CI化成股份有限公司製造;NanoTek SnO2
,等電點之pH 6.9)
‧γ-氧化鋁(大明化學工業股份有限公司製造;TAIMICRON TM-300,等電點之pH 7.9)
‧α-氧化鋁(大明化學工業股份有限公司製造;TAIMICRON TM-D,等電點之pH 9.1)
‧氫氧化鎂(TATEHO化學工業股份有限公司製造;ECOMAG PZ-1,等電點之pH 12.4)
‧部分皂化聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval PVA-235)
‧改質聚乙烯醇1(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval R1130=矽烷基改質之聚乙烯醇)
‧改質聚乙烯醇2(信越化學工業股份有限公司製造;氰基樹脂CR-S)
‧羧基甲基纖維素(Daicel工業股份有限公司製造;H-CMC)
‧聚丙烯醯胺(MT AQUA POLYMER股份有限公司製造;ACCOFLOC A-102)
‧環氧樹脂(NAGASE CHEMTEX股份有限公司製造;EX-614)
‧聚伸乙亞胺(日本觸媒股份有限公司製造;EPOMIN P-1000,樹脂份30%)
‧聚丙烯酸酯(MT AQUA POLYMER股份有限公司製造;ACCOFLOC C-502)
‧甲聚醣(和光純藥工業股份有限公司製造;CHITOSAN5)
‧澱粉(日澱化學股份有限公司製造;酯化澱粉乳精華)
‧聚苯乙烯磺酸(TOSOH有機化學股份有限公司製造;POLINAS PS-100)
‧鈦偶合劑(MATSUMOTO貿易股份有限公司製造;ORGATIX TC-400)
‧矽烷偶合劑(信越化學工業股份有限公司製造;KBM-403)
※實施例12中,使用水1000份與N-甲基吡咯烷酮500份之混合物代替水1000份。
※實施例16中使高分子添加量為66份代替20份。
※實施例21~22中,係在添加具有活性氫基之無機粒子之前添加鈦偶合劑0.5份且以螺旋槳式混練機在25℃均勻攪拌,接著添加無機粒子。其量為與存在於添加之軟水鋁石表面上之活性氫基之25%反應之量。添加鈦偶合劑後之等電點下之pH為7.2。
※實施例23中,係在添加具有活性氫基之無機粒子之前添加鈦偶合劑1份且以螺旋槳式混練機在25℃均勻攪拌,接著添加無機粒子。其量為與存在於添加之軟水鋁石表面上之活性氫基之50%反應之量。添加鈦偶合劑後之等電點下之pH為7.1。
※實施例24中,係在添加具有活性氫基之無機粒子之前添加鈦偶合劑2份且以螺旋槳式混練機在25℃均勻攪拌,接著添加無機粒子。其量為與存在於添加之軟水鋁石表面上之活性羥基全部反應之量。添加鈦偶合劑後之等電點下之pH為7.1。
※實施例25中,均苯四酸係與高分子同時添加2份。
※實施例26中,係在添加具有活性氫基之無機粒子之前添加矽烷偶合劑0.8份且以螺旋槳式混練機在25℃均勻攪拌,接著添加無機粒子。其量為與存在於添加之軟水鋁石表面上之活性羥基之25%反應之量。添加矽烷偶合劑後之等電點下之pH為6.0。
※實施例27中,係在添加具有活性氫基之無機粒子之前添加鈦偶合劑0.3份且以螺旋槳式混練機在25℃均勻攪拌,接著添加無機粒子。其量為與存在於添加之二氧化矽表面上之活性羥基之25%反應之量。添加鈦偶合劑後之等電點下之pH為5.9。
※實施例28中,係在添加具有活性氫基之無機粒子之前添加矽烷偶合劑0.8份且以螺旋槳式混練機在25℃均勻攪拌,接著添加無機粒子。其量為與存在於添加之二氧化矽表面上之活性氫基之25%反應之量。添加矽烷偶合劑後之等電點中之pH為5.5。
以寬度200mm(朝銅箔塗佈導電性底塗劑組成物僅有實施例3)、厚度10μm,將上述塗佈液塗佈於寬度300mm、厚度20μm之壓延鋁鉑及寬度300mm、厚度15μm之壓延銅箔上,以180℃溫風爐乾燥30秒。乾燥後之塗佈膜厚分別為1μm。
※實施例3中,係將導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於正極集電體與負極集電體二者上代替將導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於正極集電體上。
於安裝冷卻套筒之10L之行星式混練機中加入PVdF之15%NMP溶液(Kureha股份有限公司製造;Kureha KF Polymer#1120)600份、鈷酸鋰(日本化學工業股份有限公司製造;C-5H)1100份、乙炔黑(電化學工業股份有限公司製造;DENKA BLACK HS-100)100份、NMP5000份,以不使液溫超過30℃之方式邊冷卻邊攪拌至均勻為止。以寬度180mm、厚度200μm將其塗佈於前述形成有導電塗層之集電體上,以160℃溫風爐中乾燥20秒。將其以線壓400kgf/cm輥壓。壓製後之正極活性物質層之厚度為22μm。
於安裝冷卻套筒之10L之行星式混練機中加入PVdF之15%NMP溶液(Kureha股份有限公司製造;Kureha KF Polymer#9130)600份、石墨(日本石墨股份有限公司製造;GR-15)1150份、NMP 4000份,以不使液溫超過30℃之方式邊冷卻邊攪拌至均勻為止。以寬度180mm、厚度200μm將其塗佈於前述形成有導電塗層之集電體(實施例3以外為未塗佈銅箔)上,以120℃溫風爐中乾燥2分鐘。將其以線壓300kgf/cm輥壓。壓製後之負極活性物質層之厚度為28μm。
將正極及負極以於短邊包含以10mm寬度之兩端未塗佈活性物質層之區域之方式切割成40mm×50mm,於金屬露出之部分上,以電阻熔接於正極接合鋁之金屬片,於負極接合鎳之金屬片。將隔板(CELGARD股份有限公司製造;#2400)切割成寬度45mm、長度120mm,經三次折疊,以使正極及負極成對向之方式夾持於其間,使寬度50mm長度100mm之鋁層合胞對折夾持該等,於相當於金屬片之部分擠入密封劑,使密封劑部分及與其直行之邊予以熱層合作成袋狀。將其放入100℃之真空烘箱中真空乾燥12小時,接著在乾燥手套箱中注入六氟化磷酸鋰/EC:DEC=1:1 1M電解液(KISHIDA化學股份有限公司製造;LBG-96533),經真空含浸後,撥除多餘電解液,以真空密封劑接合密封,製造鋰離子電池。
實施例29~56為說明使用塗佈導電性底塗劑組成物之集電體製造電雙層電容器之方法。
以與實施例1~28相同之方法製作導電性底劑組成物,且以對應之調配及製造條件設為實施例29~56,製作電雙層電容器,評價使用該等之性能。
以寬度200mm、厚度10μm,將實施例1~28製作之各種塗佈液塗佈於寬度300mm、厚度20μm之壓延鋁箔上,以180℃溫風爐乾燥30秒。乾燥後之塗佈膜厚為1μm。但,導電性底塗劑組成物之塗佈係對正負極二者進行,但實施例31僅塗佈於正極。
於安裝冷卻套筒之10L之行星式混練機中加入PVdF之15% NMP溶液(Kureha股份有限公司製造;Kureha KF Polymer #1120)3000份、活性碳(Kuraray化學股份有限公司製造;KURARAY COAL RP-20)1500份、NMP 2500份,以不使液溫超過30℃之方式邊冷卻邊攪拌至均勻為止。以寬度180mm、厚度200μm將其塗佈於前述形成導電塗佈層之集電體上,以160℃溫風爐乾燥20秒。將其以線壓400kgf/cm輥壓。壓製後之電極活性物質層之厚度為22μm。貼合於實施例31之負極係使用未塗佈導電性底塗層劑組成物之鋁箔,且以上述順序製作電極。
將電極以於短邊包含10mm之無活性物質層區域之方式切割成40mm×50mm,於金屬露出之部分上,以電阻熔接接合鋁之金屬片。將隔板(CELGARD股份有限公司製造;#2400)切割成寬度45mm,長度120mm,經三次折疊,以使兩片電極成對向之方式夾持於其間,使寬度50mm長度100mm之鋁積層胞對折將其夾持,於相當於金屬片之部分擠入密封劑,使密封劑部分及與其直行之邊予以熱層合作成袋狀。將其放入100℃之真空烘箱中真空乾燥12小時,接著在乾燥手套箱中注入硼氟化四乙基銨/PC 1M電解液(Kishida化學股份有限公司製造;CPG-00005),經真空含浸後,撥除多餘電解液,以真空密封劑接合密封,製造電雙層型電容器。
除使用未塗佈導電性底塗劑組成物之電池集電體以外,餘以與實施例1相同之方法,製造鋰離子蓄電池。
比較例2為說明使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈由部分皂化型之聚乙烯醇與導電助劑所成之導電性底塗劑組成物而成之集電體,製造鋰離子蓄電池之方法。
於10L燒杯中添加水1100份及30份之部分皂化型聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval PVA235),在80℃攪拌6小時直至均勻為止。接著添加25份之乙炔黑(電化學工業公司製造;DENKA BLACK HS-100),攪拌至略均勻,獲得分散液。使用安裝冷卻套筒之珠粒研磨機分散上述分散液。分散係以充填率80%填入0.5mm之氧化鋯球,以周速7m以不使液溫成為30℃以上之方式邊冷卻邊攪拌,獲得導電性底塗劑組成物之塗佈液。
除將上述導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於正極與負極二者之集電體上以外,餘以與實施例1相同之方法製作鋰離子蓄電池。
比較例3為說明使用於正極上塗佈由部分皂化型之聚乙烯醇及聚羧酸與導電助劑所成之導電性底塗劑組成物而成之集電體,製造鋰離子蓄電池之方法。
於10L燒杯中添加水1000份及20份之部分皂化型聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval PVA235),在80℃下攪拌6小時直至均勻為止。隨後,添加10份之均苯四酸,且在60℃攪拌4小時至均勻為止。隨後添加25份之乙炔黑(電化學工業公司製造;DENKA BLACK HS-100),攪拌至略均勻,獲得分散液。使用安裝冷卻套筒之珠粒研磨機分散上述分散液。分散係以充填率80%填入0.5mm之氧化鋯球,以周速7m以不使液溫成為30℃以上之方式邊冷卻邊攪拌,獲得導電性底塗劑組成物之塗佈液。
除將上述導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於正極之集電體上以外,餘以與實施例1相同之方法製作鋰離子蓄電池。
比較例4為說明使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈由部分皂化型之聚乙烯醇與聚羧酸與導電助劑及鈦偶合劑所成之導電性底塗劑組成物而成之集電體,製造鋰離子蓄電池之方法。
於10L燒杯中添加水1000份及20份之部分皂化型聚乙烯醇(Kuraray股份有限公司製造;Kuraray Poval PVA235),且在80℃攪拌6小時至均勻為止。隨後,添加10份之均苯四酸且在60℃攪拌4小時至均勻為止。接著添加25份之乙炔黑(電化學工業公司製造;DENKA BLACK HS-100),攪拌至略均勻,獲得分散液。使用安裝冷卻套筒之珠粒研磨機分散上述分散液。分散係以充填率80%填入0.5mm之氧化鋯球,以周速7m以不使液溫成為30℃以上之方式邊冷卻邊攪拌。於分散液中添加鈦偶合劑(MATSUMOTO貿易股份有限公司製造,ORGATIX TC-400)1份,且於室溫下攪拌至均勻,獲得導電性底塗劑組成物之塗佈液。
除將上述導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈於正極與負極二者之集電體上以外,餘以與實施例1相同之方法製作鋰離子蓄電池。
比較例5為說明使用未塗佈導電性底塗劑組成物之集電體,製造電雙層電容器之方法。
除使用未塗佈導電性底塗劑組成物之集電體以外,餘以與實施例29相同之方法製作電雙層電容器。
比較例6為說明使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈以比較例2製作之導電性塗佈劑而成之集電體製造電雙層電容器之方法。
除使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈以比較例2製作之導電性塗佈劑組成物而成之集電體以外,餘以與實施例29相同之方法製造電雙層電容器。
比較例7為說明使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈以比較例3製作之導電性塗佈劑而成之集電體製造電雙層電容器之方法。
除使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈以比較例3製作之導電性塗佈劑組成物而成之集電體以外,餘以與實施例29相同之方法製造電雙層電容器。
比較例8為說明使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈以比較例4製作之導電性塗佈劑而成之集電體來製造電雙層電容器之方法。
除使用於正極與負極二者上塗佈以比較例4製作之導電性塗佈劑組成物而成之集電體以外,餘以與實施例29相同之方法製造電雙層電容器。
比較例9為說明使用蝕刻箔製造電雙層電容器之方法。
除未塗佈而使用電雙層電容器用之鋁蝕刻箔(寬度300mm,厚度20μm)作為集電體以外,餘以與實施例29相同之方法,製作電雙層電容器。
依據試驗例1之方法評價實施例1~28及比較例1~4之鋰離子蓄電池之特性。結果示於表2。
依據試驗例2之方法評價實施例29~56及比較例5~9之電雙層電容器之特性。結果示於表3。
依據本發明之電池或電雙層電容器之集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物,由於對電池或電雙層電容器之集電體之密著力高,電化學耐久性比以往更優良,故可提供長期信賴性優異之電池或電雙層電容器。
1...活性物質層
2...電池電極用導電性底塗劑組成物之塗佈層
3...電池集電體
圖1為含以電池集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物塗佈之電池集電體與活性物質層之電池用電極之剖面圖。
Claims (7)
- 一種電池或電雙層電容器之集電體用導電性底塗劑組成物,其包含具有矽烷基之高分子、具有活性氫基之無機粒子、及導電助劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之底塗劑組成物,其中前述無機粒子之等電點之pH為4.5~14之範圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之底塗劑組成物,其中進而包含鈦偶合劑及/或矽烷偶合劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之底塗劑組成物,其中前述鈦偶合劑及/或矽烷偶合劑之添加量,少於與前述無機粒子所具有之全部活性氫基反應之量。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之底塗劑組成物,其中前述鈦偶合劑及/或矽烷偶合劑之添加量,係使二氧化矽之等電點時之pH成為4.5~14之範圍之量。
- 一種電池或電雙層電容器之集電體,其係以如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之底塗劑組成物塗覆者。
- 一種電池或電雙層電容器,其係包含如申請專利範圍第6項之電池或電雙層電容器之集電體。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010240710 | 2010-10-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201231574A TW201231574A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
TWI503386B true TWI503386B (zh) | 2015-10-11 |
Family
ID=45993741
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW100138875A TWI503386B (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2011-10-26 | Conductive primer composition |
TW104124724A TWI597336B (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2011-10-26 | Conductive primer composition |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW104124724A TWI597336B (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2011-10-26 | Conductive primer composition |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9512323B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2634848B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP5837884B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101897838B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103181009B (zh) |
TW (2) | TWI503386B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012057031A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5857943B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-13 | 2016-02-10 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
TWI492445B (zh) * | 2012-11-15 | 2015-07-11 | Nat Univ Chung Hsing | An electrode catalyst suitable for a fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the catalyst |
US20160042878A1 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-02-11 | Uacj Corporation | Current collector, electrode structure, battery and capacitor |
JP6044427B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-03 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | リチウムイオン二次電池正極用集電体、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP5615401B1 (ja) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-10-29 | 石原ケミカル株式会社 | 銅微粒子分散液、導電膜形成方法及び回路基板 |
US20150099161A1 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Power storage unit |
JP6602130B2 (ja) | 2014-12-26 | 2019-11-06 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2016219197A (ja) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-12-22 | 協立化学産業株式会社 | 集電体用コート剤組成物、蓄電デバイス用電極板及び蓄電デバイス |
JP6638286B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2020-01-29 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
CN106784610B (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2019-06-11 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 正极片及二次电池 |
CN106816575A (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 正极片及锂离子电池 |
CN106025290A (zh) * | 2016-05-29 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种碳-陶瓷涂覆铝箔集流体及制备方法 |
CN106229474B (zh) * | 2016-08-02 | 2020-10-23 | 深圳宇锵新材料有限公司 | 一种用于锂离子电池集流体的涂层浆料以及一种锂离子电池 |
WO2018043020A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-08 | 協立化学産業株式会社 | 絶縁性を有するアンダーコート剤組成物 |
CN110178250B (zh) | 2017-03-16 | 2022-07-26 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池用正极和非水电解质二次电池 |
JP7033749B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-26 | 2022-03-11 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池用正極、及び二次電池 |
WO2018198689A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-11-01 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池 |
JP2020161209A (ja) * | 2017-07-24 | 2020-10-01 | 協立化学産業株式会社 | 集電体用組成物 |
JP6834870B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2021-02-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2021009754A (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-01-28 | リチウム エナジー アンド パワー ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフッング ウント コンパニー コマンディトゲゼルシャフトLithium Energy and Power GmbH & Co. KG | 電極及び蓄電素子 |
CN111149238A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-05-12 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | 电极和蓄电元件 |
CN111164798A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-05-15 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | 电极和蓄电元件 |
JP7073689B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-29 | 2022-05-24 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 極板、電極体及び蓄電素子 |
JP6893258B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-05 | 2021-06-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池、並びに、全固体二次電池用電極シート及び全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
JP6889409B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-20 | 2021-06-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
EP3780157A4 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-12-22 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE ELECTRODE AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE |
EP3780010A4 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-12-22 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | CONDUCTIVE CARBON MATERIAL DISPERSION LIQUID |
JPWO2019188758A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-15 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電気化学デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
JP7424291B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-23 | 2024-01-30 | 日産化学株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用複合集電体、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極、及びエネルギー貯蔵デバイス |
CN109192549B (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-06-12 | 河南克莱威纳米碳材料有限公司 | 一种稳定化锂粉-碳纳米管-超长纳米线复合电极及其制备方法和一种超级电容器 |
JP6863351B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-10 | 2021-04-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
JP7378092B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2023-11-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 二次電池用正極及び二次電池 |
US20210125792A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-04-29 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Cross-Linked Polyolefin Separator and Manufacturing Method Therefor |
CN111384430B (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-04-13 | 东北师范大学 | 一种高安全聚合物三元锂动力电池的制备方法 |
JP7432383B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-04 | 2024-02-16 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 正極用樹脂集電体及びリチウムイオン電池 |
EP4131508A4 (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2024-08-28 | Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd | POLE PIECE, CELL AND BATTERY |
CN114284471A (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | 一种负极极片及其制备方法和应用 |
KR20240075722A (ko) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-29 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차전지의 제조 방법 |
CN117050600B (zh) * | 2023-08-15 | 2024-08-16 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | 一种涂炭集流体及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW200849284A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-12-16 | Nitto Denko Corp | Transparent conductive film with adhesive layer and method for producing the same |
JP2010146726A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-07-01 | Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Kk | 導電性組成物 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0770328B2 (ja) | 1986-11-08 | 1995-07-31 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | 二次電池 |
JP3229740B2 (ja) | 1993-12-29 | 2001-11-19 | ティーディーケイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
US5478676A (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-12-26 | Rexam Graphics | Current collector having a conductive primer layer |
JPH11339771A (ja) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 非水二次電池 |
JP2000123823A (ja) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-28 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 二次電池用電極及び二次電池 |
CN1454388A (zh) * | 2000-06-07 | 2003-11-05 | 日清纺织株式会社 | 用于电双层电容器的电解液组合物和固体聚合物电解质,极性电极组合物、极性电极以及电双层电容器 |
US6544688B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2003-04-08 | Moltech Corporation | Cathode current collector for electrochemical cells |
KR100902729B1 (ko) | 2002-09-13 | 2009-06-15 | 다이요 잉키 세이조 가부시키가이샤 | 감광성 도전 페이스트 및 이를 사용하여 형성된 도전체패턴 |
JP2009135044A (ja) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Tdk Corp | 透明導電材料及び透明導電体 |
US9123940B2 (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2015-09-01 | Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg. Co, Ltd. | Coating liquid, coating liquid for manufacturing electrode plate, undercoating agent, and use thereof |
JP2010238588A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Daikin Ind Ltd | リチウム二次電池の集電積層体 |
-
2011
- 2011-10-21 JP JP2012540826A patent/JP5837884B2/ja active Active
- 2011-10-21 EP EP11836165.8A patent/EP2634848B1/en active Active
- 2011-10-21 US US13/882,086 patent/US9512323B2/en active Active
- 2011-10-21 KR KR1020137013287A patent/KR101897838B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-10-21 WO PCT/JP2011/074314 patent/WO2012057031A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-10-21 CN CN201180051816.1A patent/CN103181009B/zh active Active
- 2011-10-21 EP EP18184412.7A patent/EP3416219A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-26 TW TW100138875A patent/TWI503386B/zh active
- 2011-10-26 TW TW104124724A patent/TWI597336B/zh active
-
2015
- 2015-11-06 JP JP2015218129A patent/JP6073449B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW200849284A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-12-16 | Nitto Denko Corp | Transparent conductive film with adhesive layer and method for producing the same |
JP2010146726A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-07-01 | Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Kk | 導電性組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2634848B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
CN103181009B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
JP5837884B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
CN103181009A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
TW201540791A (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
TW201231574A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
US20130224587A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
JP6073449B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
TWI597336B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
EP3416219A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
EP2634848A4 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
JP2016122646A (ja) | 2016-07-07 |
KR20130128405A (ko) | 2013-11-26 |
WO2012057031A1 (ja) | 2012-05-03 |
US9512323B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
JPWO2012057031A1 (ja) | 2014-05-12 |
KR101897838B1 (ko) | 2018-09-12 |
EP2634848A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI503386B (zh) | Conductive primer composition | |
JP5773097B1 (ja) | 導電性結着層用組成物 | |
TWI550036B (zh) | Battery or electric double layer capacitor collector composition for conductive composition, battery or electric double layer capacitor collector, battery and electric double layer capacitor | |
JP5425107B2 (ja) | リチウム−硫黄電池およびそのカソード | |
CN102332359B (zh) | 电化学元件用电极及其制造方法 | |
JPWO2014042080A1 (ja) | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用複合集電体および電極 | |
CN103956499A (zh) | 一种用于锂离子电池中正极集流体的安全涂层制备方法 | |
JP2006253450A (ja) | 電極用組成物、蓄電デバイス用電極および蓄電デバイス | |
WO2017094598A1 (ja) | 非水系二次電池 | |
JP2015079669A (ja) | 集電体用コート剤組成物 | |
WO2018101299A1 (ja) | 導電性組成物 | |
JPWO2019188558A1 (ja) | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極及びエネルギー貯蔵デバイス | |
WO2018043020A1 (ja) | 絶縁性を有するアンダーコート剤組成物 | |
TWI770263B (zh) | 正極活性物質塗料、正極、及二次電池 | |
WO2019021620A1 (ja) | 集電体用組成物 | |
EP3843183A1 (en) | Composition for forming thin film for energy storage device electrode, composite current collector for energy storage device electrode, energy storage device electrode, and energy storage device | |
WO2022176789A1 (ja) | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極用薄膜形成用組成物 |