TWI374541B - Strained transistor with optimized drive current and method of forming - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/8238—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS
- H01L21/823807—Complementary field-effect transistors, e.g. CMOS with a particular manufacturing method of the channel structures, e.g. channel implants, halo or pocket implants, or channel materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/7842—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate means for exerting mechanical stress on the crystal lattice of the channel region, e.g. using a flexible substrate
- H01L29/7843—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate means for exerting mechanical stress on the crystal lattice of the channel region, e.g. using a flexible substrate the means being an applied insulating layer
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
Description
1374541 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於半導體元件,特別是應變金氧半電 晶體(MOS transistors),其在源極/没極區及閘極區上具有 應變層,以增加通道區之載子移動率。 【先前技術】 隨著半導體積體電路元件尺寸持續地下降,在較小 的電壓及閘極尺寸下,維持高驅動電流(drive current)變 得更為重要。元件驅動電流與閘極長度、閘極電容、及 載子移動率(carrier mobility)關係密切。業界已針對此議 題提出不同的革新技術。例如,使用應變矽技術在不縮 短通道長度下提高MOS電晶體之載子移動率。採用 High-K(高介電常數)閘極介電材料以增加閘極電容。使用 金屬閘極電極以增加閘極電容,因而增加元件驅動電 流。發展非平面元件結構,例如鰭式場效電晶體(FinFET) 以使通道長度急遽地縮小化。在這些努力中,應變石夕技 術可有效地增加載子移動率而不需增加太複雜的製程。 關於應變矽技術,係使MOS電晶體中之矽原子偏離 其原本的晶格位置。晶格位置的偏離顯著地影響矽之能 帶結構而加快電子與電洞之流動。一種在MOS電晶體中 形成應變的方法是在傳統的MOS電晶體之源極/汲極區 選擇性地形成SiGe(silicon germanium)之蠢晶層。由於 SiGe之晶格常數大於石夕,因此在兩SiGe源極/没極之間 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 5 1374541 = 壓應力狀態。此元件結構可提高通道區 私動率,因此增加PMOS元件之驅動電冷 ,,層上可形成錢應力的SiGe層。接著形目 電晶體㈣層上。由㈣與⑽間晶格常數不匹配^ 層處於平面雙|^(biaxiaI,in_pI_)拉伸應變。此 具有增進陶〇Sit件之電子移動率的優點。牛、··。構
作應變之施知亦可藉著形成應變層於MOS電晶體上。 應*層通系亦稱作應變誘發(strain-induced)層、應力層、 接觸窗钱刻停止(contact etching stop,CES)層、或CES處 理層。在形成CES層時,沉積氮化矽膜於完成的MOS 電晶體上以覆蓋源極/汲極區、閘極電極、及間隙壁。由 於CES層與下方材料層間之晶格間距不匹配,誘發了平
面應力(in-plane stress)以匹配晶格間距。藉著控制CES 層中N-H、Si-H、及Si-N之鍵結比例及最佳化沉積條件’ 例如反應室中之功率、溫度、及壓力,如此所形成的CES
層可呈現範圍廣大的不同薄膜應力(由拉應力至壓應 力)。通道區中之平面拉應力已顯示可增進電子移動率’ 因而可增加NMOS元件中之驅動電流,而平行於通道長 度方向之壓應力可增進電洞移動率,因而可增進PM〇S 元件之效能。
第1圖顯示先前技藝中形成在基底1上的相鄰應變 NMOS及應變PMOS元件。基底1中形成有淺溝槽絕緣 10(shallow trench isolations,STI)以將 NMOS 元件及 PMOS元件彼此隔離。NMOS元件上所形成之拉伸CES 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 6 1374541 . 層16於通道區11中引進平面拉應變,因而增加NMOS 元件之驅動電流。PMOS元件上所形成之壓縮CES層14 於通道區13中引進平面壓應變,因而增加PMOS元件之 驅動電流。雖然可觀察到驅動電流之增加受CES層之參 ' 數影響(例如應力之程度、CES層之厚度、CES層之範 圍),但先前技術對於這些參數如何影響及用何種方式來 影響個別形式之Μ Ο S電晶體中之驅動電流卻揭露的很 少。此情況使現今的CES應變矽技術僅維持在嘗試錯誤 φ 的經驗法則階段.,其中對於元件及製程參數所能作的處 理很少而無法最佳化地增加元件之驅動電流。此外,先 前技藝之CES應變MOS電晶體,驅動電流增加的一致性 很低,且難以達到預期之驅動電流增加程度。驅動電流 增加不一致可能會對於積體電路造成不利的影響,例如 (switching threshold)扭曲、雜訊容限(noise margin)惡化、 元件延遲時間增加、及甚至邏輯崩潰(collapse of logic)。 有鑒於這些及其他先前CES應變在增進載子移動率 • 及元件效能上之困難,業界亟需一種藉著精確地調整先 進MOS電晶體中CES層之參數,使驅動電流的增加具有 一致性。 【發明内容】 本發明提供一種半導體元件,包括基底上之主動 區,位於該主動區上且具有閘極電極於其頂部之閘極 區,形成在閘極區之相對邊之源極/没極區,且大抵分別 0503-A33324TV/F/JYchen 7 1374541 與閘,區之邊緣及主動區之邊緣對齊,以及具有第一邊 緣及第二邊緣之應變誘發層,大抵順應性地覆蓋在閘極 .區及主動區上’其中閘極區之邊緣與第—邊緣間之間距 •大於約0.4微求,以及其中主動區與第二邊緣之間距在約 60奈米至約4〇〇奈米之間。 树明另提供-種半導體元件,包括形成於P型主 動々區中之第一 PM〇S電晶體,p型主動區具有第一邊緣 及第二邊緣,而第一 PM〇S電晶體具有第一多晶矽閘極 •電極覆蓋於·Ρ型主動區上,且平行於1>型主動區之第一 邊緣,形成於Ν型主動區中之第一 NM〇s電晶體,第一 二MOS電晶體具有第二多晶矽閘極電極覆蓋於n型主動 區上二以及具有第一邊緣及第二邊緣之第一壓縮應力 層第壓縮應力層大抵順應性地覆蓋於第一閘極電極 及P型主動區上,其中第一閘極電極之邊緣與第一壓縮 應力層之第一邊緣間之間距大於約0 4微米,以及p型主 動區之邊緣與第一壓縮應力層之第二邊緣間之間距在約 # 60奈米至約400奈米之間。 本發明更提供一種半導體元件,包括覆蓋於ρ型主 動區上且具有複數個多晶矽閘極電極於閘極區上之閘極 區,形成於閘極區之相對邊之源極/汲極區,大抵分別與 閘,區之邊緣及Ρ型主動區之邊緣對齊,大抵順應性地 覆蓋於多晶矽閘極電極及Ρ型主動區上之壓縮應力層, 且壓縮應力層具有第一邊緣及第二邊緣,以及包括包圍ρ 型主動區之Ν井區,其中多晶矽閘極電極之邊緣與壓縮 〇503-A33324TWF/JYchen 8 1374541 一邊緣間?間距是約1倍至約2倍的距離P 中之較大距離,而距離P是多曰 =中與P型主動區之邊緣間之最小設;::極: 離…型主動區中之多晶亀電極間之最 則距離’以及P型主動區㈣縮應力層之第二邊緣之門
Si分之一倍至約三分之二倍的該距離L與該距: Η之總合’而距離L是p型主動區之邊緣至n井區 緣的最短距離,距離Η是N型主動區夕、喜終也、 邊緣的最短距離。& &主動£之邊緣與Ν井區之 本發明較佳實施例之—優點是於ce §應變簡$元 ❹提供最佳化的驅動電流增加,而不需增加複雜的製 私步驟。此外,所增加的驅動電流具有一致性。 本發明較佳實施例之另一優點是所增加的製程步驟 可輕易地整合至習知的CMOS製程中。此外,用來定義 拉伸與I縮應變誘發層之光罩不f對已存在的設計資料 庫作料的料。對於設計及佈局X㈣*言沒有額外 • 的設計法則需考量。 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更 明顯易懂,下文特舉出較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式, 作詳細說明如下: 【實施方式】 本發明將以具有最佳化驅動電流之CES應變NMOS 及PMOS το件及其形成方法之特定較佳實施例來作描 〇503-A33324TWF/JYch, 9 1374541 - 述。亦改善所形成MOS元件驅動電流上之一致性。以下 將針對本發明較佳實施例之製程步驟作描述。並討論較 • 佳實施例之可能的變化。遍及實施例之各種圖式中,相 似的標號降用以代表相似的元件。 第2圖顯示較佳實施例中CES應變PMOS電晶體p 1 之形成。電晶體P1形成在N井2中,n井2則形成在基 底1上。在其他實施例中,電晶體?丨形成在N型石夕基底 塊材上。在另一實施例中,基底材質是應變半導體、化 • 合物半導體、多層半導體、絕緣層上覆矽、應變絕緣層 上覆矽、應變絕緣層上覆矽鍺、絕緣層上覆矽鍺、絕緣 層上覆鍺、前述之組合、或前述之相似物者,可用以形 成電晶體P1於其中。形成淺溝槽絕緣1 〇於基底1中以 將電晶體P1與相鄰的元件隔絕。淺溝槽絕緣1 〇較佳藉 著於基底1中蝕刻淺溝槽,並接著以絕緣材料(例如氧化 石夕)填充淺漠槽而形成。 /接著沉積閘極介電層4於基底1之表面。閘極介電 籲層4可較佳為氧化矽’可以任何所知的方法來形成,例 如熱氧化、區域矽氧化(LOCOS)、化學氣相沉積等。亦 可使用氮化矽,因為氮化石夕是對於雜質擴散的有效阻 障。較佳藉著矽之熱氮化(thermal nitridation)來形成氮化 矽。亦可使用氮氣-氫氣藉著電漿陽極氮化(plasma an〇dic nitndation)來準備。氮化矽層亦可藉著對氧化矽熱氮化來 形成。閘極介電層4亦可為氧.氮介電層、含氧介電層、 含氮介電層、高介電常數材料層、或前述之組合。 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 1374541
接者’形成間極電極6於閘極介電層4上。間極 ,6較佳為多晶外。喊_,或蝴,絲亦可為金 屬、包含金屬之複合結構、半導體、金屬氧化物、石夕化 物、及/或前述之組合。較佳的形成方法是使用化學氣相 沉積。其他實施例可使用非晶矽、可導電之元素金屬、 可導電之元素金屬合金、或前述之組合。通常,閑極電 極6及酿介電層會先被以層狀形式沉積,並接著將之 圖案化以形成閘極。沿著閘極介電層4及閘極電極 侧壁形成有—組_壁8。如此技藝人切知,間隙壁8 較佳先藉著毯覆式沉積介電層於整個區域,接著 向性钱刻移除水平表面之介電層而留下間_ 8。、 如侧料,源極7祕區藉著植人P型雜質(例 如硼)於N井2中而形成,並以間隙壁8作為遮罩,因此 ,極Λ及極區12之邊緣大抵與間隙壁8對齊。較佳亦對閑 2極6佈植以減小片電阻。在其他實施例中,源極/汲
t 之形成是藉著先於源極級極區12形成凹陷,.接 者磊晶成長具有所需摻雜物(d〇pant)之矽、矽鍺、 矽於凹陷中。此種結構提供壓應力於pM〇s元件之二首 t . 〇 ^ 區12疋藉著磊晶成長具有所需摻雜物的矽、矽 ^石夕於基底1之頂表面而形成。較佳形成氧化㈣= =源極成姉形成之區I接下來沉積於氧切膜上之 蟲晶層便可除去。在源極/汲極區中(即所其 面),便可成長蟲晶層。 出之基底表 〇5〇3-A33324TWF/JYchei 1374541 擇性=汲極區12之電阻,可選 形成魏糾顯之頂部 化鈦、或1相似物。^ 為夕化錄、石夕化銘、石夕 声於元件H , 為了形成矽化層,首先濺鍍金屬薄 、_、鈦、或其相似物。接著對元 ::理:於所沉積之金屬層與其下露出之㈣域形成 夕化層:未反應之金屬可藉著钱刻製程而移除。 f者,如第3Α圖所示之剖面圖,形成應變誘發層 文二較佳同時是接觸窗_停正層(ces)並。 或甚Γ;=:_14,但此層仍可為任何的應變層 /甚至不八有㈣停止功能之材料層。如上所述 曾進元件之效能是可誘發應變的。應變(亦有時心 之形式及強度是由沉積製程與所使用之材料來決 疋。一般而言,假使應變材料具有較其 、 3常數時,在平衡之後應變材料會具有 =’而其下㈣會具有时陳伸應變。相反地,假使 應,材料具有較其下材料為大之晶格常數時,在平衡後 應變材料會具有内在的拉伸應變,而其下材料會具有内 在的愿縮應變β 在第从圖中,壓縮CEM14較佳之材質例如是氮 石夕、II乳化物、氧化物、石夕錯、或前述之組合,以對 PMOS元件之通道區產生壓縮應變。在其他實施例中,應 變層之材質可例如是氮切、氮氧化物、氧化物、Sic;; SKN、CoSi2(姑石夕化物)、NiSi2(鎳石夕化物)、或前述之詛 0503-A33324TWF/JY〇hen 人士新^ NMC>S 70件之通道區產生拉伸應變。如此技藝 料門之Γ’應變之形式與大小錢縮ces層14與其下材 科間之相對性質影響。 與湲ΪΪΓΓ1級缩CES層14下方材料之雜質的形式 12中又凋正,包括形成磊晶層(未顯示)於源極/汲極區 。在-較佳實施例t ’形成矽鍺磊晶層於源極/汲極 ^子丰_,、—般會增加材料的晶格常數(因為鍺具有較大之 增進電=動種=壓應:於_5元件之通道而 層於nM〇s 1 例中’形成碳化石夕蠢晶 常數(因A * 源崎極區,—般會減小材料之晶袼 (口為奴具有較小之原子半徑 於觀0S元件之通道而增進電子之移動率枝(、拉應力 在較佳實施财,_ CES们 二之’且:。壓’%啦層14亦可為單層或複合層。這種材 ,之一優點(如以下所解釋)是這些材料在沉積時= 在的應力,而會誘發其下之材在 /、%咖層14具有厚度約5奈米至約_夺米。 弟3B圖顯示如第3A圖所示應變p 之上視圖。塵縮⑽層】4形成在主動區電;體:1 源極/汲極區12及通道區】1。主動區定義了 = 之尺寸,隨後將稱之為“0D,,區。屡縮 = 如第-圖所示)。雖然壓⑽二::; 為早層,亦可形成為具有不同材料叙多層結構。= 〇503-A33324TWF/JYchei 1374541 -佳實施例中,使用稱為PILD之光罩來將壓縮CES層14 圖案化。為了闡明欽述’多晶碎閘極電極6邊緣與壓縮 . CES層14邊緣之間的水平距離隨後將稱之為ΕΝχ。〇D 區邊緣與應變層14(或壓縮CES層14)邊緣之間的垂直距 離隨後將稱之為ENy。由較佳實施例顯示每個技術世代 中’壓、ijg CES層14具有特定範圍之水平距離ΕΝχ及垂 直距離ENy時’可導致PMOS元件之驅動電流增加最佳 化並改善驅動電流之一致性。相較於沒有對水平距離 φ ENx及垂直距離ENy作限制的CES應變MOS電晶體, 不具有對於CES層尺寸作限制之CES應變PMOS元件將 隨後稱之為基線(baseline)PMOS元件。 在較佳實施例中,水平距離ENx及垂直距離ENy之 最佳化範圍且對應至技術世代之數值係透過對數個CES 應變核心(core)電晶體(例如顯示於第3B圖之電晶體)進 行晶圓允收測試(WAT)而獲得。核心電晶體具有一般的 MOS電晶體結構,為單一多晶石夕閘極形成在區上。 •此處所稱之核心電晶體是為了與其他具有複雜結構的 MOS電晶體作區別,例如具有多重多晶矽閘極結構,及 於0D區具有單一多晶矽閘極與多重虛設多晶矽指狀結 構之閘極結構。 為了獲得某個技術世代之水平距離ΕΝχ及垂直距離 ENy之隶佳化範圍,形成複數個應變pMOS核心電 晶體於矽晶圓之切割線上。這些電晶體具有特定技術世 代所允許之最短通道長度(有時稱作電晶體具有“〇n rule,, 〇503*A33324TWF/JYchen 14 1374541 _ 通道長度)及數種數值之通道寬度。在一實施例中,提供 了複數個CES應變PMOS核心電晶體,具有通道長度65 奈米及通道寬度(W)l微米、0.6微米、及0.14微米。這 些電晶體還具有約70奈米的固定垂直距離ENy及不同尺 寸的水平距離ENx。量測每個電晶體之驅動電流(Idsat) 以期獲得對應至最大Idsat增加之水平距離ENy。第4A 圖顯示晶圓允收(WAT)測試的結果。曲線圖具有水平距離 ENx之數值於水平座標軸,及Idsat增加率之數值(相對 φ 於前述之基線.PMOS元件之Idsat增加率)於垂直座標 軸,兩座標軸之尺度都是線性的。曲線20、22、及24顯 示於基線PMOS元件相對於水平距離ENx之驅動電流增 加率。曲線20、22、及24分別對應至具有通道寬度1微 米、0.6微米、及0.14微米之電晶體。曲線圖顯示當水平 距離ENx到達0.4微米時,通道區中之Idsat獲得顯著的 增加。當水平距離ENx增加時,通道區中之Idsat持續增 加。當水平距離ENx到達1.8微米時,具有不同通道寬 φ 度之PMOS電晶體獲得最大的Idsat增加。當水平距離繼 續增加時,Idsat大抵維持不變。 接著執行相似的測試以獲得垂直距離ENy之最佳化 範圍。在一實施例中,用以獲得垂直距離ENy最佳範圍 之PMOS電晶體具有約0.5微米的固定水平距離ENx及 不同尺寸之垂直距離ENy。第4B圖顯示量測具有不同垂 直距離ENy數值之驅動電流的結果。曲線圖具有垂直距 離ENy之數值於指數尺度之水平座標軸,及驅動電流 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 15 1374541 . (Idsat)增加率之數值(相對於前述之基線PMOS元件之 Idsat增加率)於線性尺度之垂直座標軸。曲線26、28、及 30分別對應至第4A圖中形成曲線20、22、及24之電晶 體。曲線圖顯示當垂直距離ENy到達60奈米時,通道區 中之Idsat獲得顯著的增加。當垂直距離ENy增加時,通 道區中之Idsat持續增加。當垂直距離ENy到達約200 奈米時,驅動電流Idsat達最大值。然而,當垂直距離ENy 超過400奈米時,Idsat顯著地下降。 φ 第5A-5B圖顯示所形成具有最佳化水平距離ENx及 垂直距離ENy之CES應變PMOS元件,且增加的驅動電 流還呈現較佳的一致性。在第5A圖中,單一多晶矽閘極 電極6之PMOS電晶體P1形成在OD區上。電晶體P1 閘極長度0.14微米及閘極寬度0.4微米。多晶矽至OD 區之距離是0.5微米。提供具有上述之尺寸的第一複數個 PMOS元件樣本。形成具有所需水平長度ENx(約0.7微 米)及所需垂直長度ENy(約70奈米)之壓縮CES層14於 φ 每個PMOS元件樣本上而覆蓋OD區。量測每個樣本之 Idsat並將之標作第5B圖中之正方形空心點。第5B圖之 垂直軸代表累積比例(cumulative percentage),用以顯示 所量測驅動電流Idsat之分佈。第5B圖中之菱形實心點 是量測自第二複數個先前技藝CES應變PMOS元件對照 組之Idsat數值,對照組之PMOS元件沒有水平距離ENx 及垂直距離ENy在尺寸上的限制。可從第5B圖發現本 發明之CES應變PMOS元件實施例之Idsat具有從約 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 16 1374541 . 480μΑ/μιη至約550μΑ/μιη之Idsat分佈,而先前技藝之 CES應變元件具有從約450μΑ/μιη至約580μΑ/μιη之Idsat 分佈。Idsat之一致性(超過平均值之標準差商數)增進到 約7%至約4%。透過與不同結構之PMOS元件(例如具有 • 多重多晶矽指狀結構之PMOS、具有形成在0D區上多重 虛設多晶矽指狀結構之PMOS、或具有許多種多晶矽間距 之上述PMOS結構)作相似的比較,亦發現相同的趨勢。
第6A-6B圖顯示最佳化水平距離ENx及垂直距離 φ ENy、最小設計法則之尺寸、與一些製程技術之間距 (spacings)之間數量上的關係。這些限制透過相似於前述 之晶圓允收測試(WAT)而獲得,並以如下所述之方式套用 至實際製程中。第6 A圖顯示對應至最佳化驅動電流增加 及最佳化驅動電流一致性之最佳化水平距離ENx之範圍 是在距離P或距離G(視距離P或距離G哪個較大)之1 倍至2倍,其中距離P是多晶矽閘極電極6至P型0D 區P-OD邊界之最短距離,而距離G是P型0D區P-OD • 上多晶矽閘極電極-多晶矽閘極電極之最短間距。第6B 圖顯示導致最佳化驅動電流增加及最佳化驅動電流一致 性之垂直距離ENy之範圍落於距離L與距離Η之總合的 約三分之一至約三分之二倍内,其中距離L是Ρ型0D 區P-OD至Ν井2邊界之最短距離,而距離Η是Ν型0D 區N-OD與Ν井2間之隶短間距。 CES應變NMOS核心電晶體已使用相似的晶圓允收 測試(WAT)作測試。在多種結構之複數個NMOS電晶體 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 17 1374541 . 上形成CES層以於通道區中形成平面拉伸應變。雖然可 發現相似的趨勢,即水平距離ENx與垂直距離ENy在如 上述之一範圍内可導致增進的驅動電流增加與改善的驅 動電流一致性,但所增進的效應較CES應變PMOS電晶 ' 體不顯著。 第7圖顯示較佳實施例中於CMOS製程中形成CES 層之製程流程圖。第8A-8F圖顯示在第7圖中所述之製 程步驟完成後之結構的剖面圖。為了簡化敘述,每個剖 φ 面圖中僅顯示鄰接至一 NMOS電晶體N1之PMOS電晶 體P1。應了解的是施加至電晶體P1之製程步驟亦施加至 基底1上之所有PMOS電晶體,而施加至電晶體N1之製 程步驟亦施加至基底1上之所有NMOS電晶體。 第8A圖顯示部分的起始基底,其中PMOS電晶體 P1與NMOS電晶體N1已透過習知的CMOS製程形成在 半導體基底1中。電晶體P1與電晶體N1分別具有源極/ 没極區12ρ與12n,以及閘極區6p與6n。並使用淺溝槽 • 絕緣10來隔離電晶體P1與電晶體N1。 根據第7圖之步驟STEP11,形成拉伸CES層16於 基底上,以期於電晶體N1之通道區13形成拉伸應變。 拉伸CES層16之材質例如是氮化矽、氮氧化物、氧化物、 SiC、SiCN、CoSi2(鈷矽化物)、NiSi2(鎳矽化物)、或前述 之組合。在一較佳實施例中,拉伸CES層16具有厚度約 5奈米至約500奈米。基底在經歷步驟S11後之結構顯示 於第8B圖中。 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 18 1374541 • 在第7圖之步驟S12,形成光罩NILD並執行微影製 程以將NMOS電晶體N1上之拉伸CES層16圖案化為具 . 有所需水平距離ENx及垂直距離ENy。在形成NILD光 罩時,提供NMOS元件所需之水平距離ENx及垂直距離 ENy(如前述透過對NMOS核心電晶體進行晶圓允收測試 而獲得)至自動光罩產生製程中(此技藝人士亦稱作邏輯 運异製程)。亦輸入所述邏輯運算製程(logical 0perati〇n process)的是基底上之N型0D區]Sf-OD、P井區、及多 φ 晶矽區的佈局(lay〇ut)資訊,如此技藝人士所知,佈局資 訊通4包括在由積體電路產品之佈局設計者所提供之完 成ML什資料庫中。邏輯運异製程會首先確認基底上N型 0D區N-OD之位置,即形成NMOS元件之位置。邏輯運 算製程會接著確認前述N型0D區N_0I)上多晶石夕閘極 區6η之位置。接著,邏輯運算製程會形成微影圖案,而 使其水平邊緣與Ν型0D區N-OD邊緣間之距離是垂直 距離ENy’而其垂直邊緣至多晶矽閘極區6η邊緣之距離 •是水平距離ΕΝχ。其他由邏輯運算製程執行之運作包括 合併兩具有重疊邊緣之相同應力CES層的圖案,及合併 兩相同應力形式之相鄰CES層的圖案,當他們邊緣間之 間距小於預設的距離時。如此技藝人士所知,在製作光 罩時’可使用光學微距校正法(optical pr心mity correction,OPC)來考量由微影系統導入之錯誤。可使用 所知的微影及蝕刻製程來將電晶體N1上之拉伸CES層 16圖案化。所得結果之剖面圖及上視圖皆顯示於第 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 19 1374541 . 圖中。 接著,如第7圖所述之步驟S13,形成壓縮CES層 14於基底上以期於PMOS電晶體P1之通道區11形成壓 縮應變。壓縮CES層14之材質例如是氮化矽、氮氧化物、 氧化物、砍鍺、或前述之組合。在一較佳實施例中,壓 縮CES層14之厚度約與拉伸CES層16相同。在其他實 施例中,為了平衡電晶體P1及電晶體N1間之驅動電流, 壓縮CES層14之厚度可大抵與拉伸CES層16不同。基 φ 底在經歷步驟S13後之結.構顯示於第8D圖中。 在第7圖之步驟S14中,形成光罩PILD並執行微影 製程以將PMOS元件上之壓縮CES層14圖案化為具有 所需的水平距離ENx’及垂直距離ENy’。此時,首先提供 對應至能最佳化PMOS效能之所需水平距離ENx’及垂直 距離ENy’至邏輯運算製程,並一起提供基底上P型0D 區P-OD、N井區、及多晶矽區之佈局資訊。邏輯運算製 程首先會確認基底上P型0D區P-OD之位置,即形成 • PMOS元件之位置。邏輯運算製程接著會確認前述P型 OD區P-OD上之多晶矽閘極區6p之位置。接著,邏輯 運算製程會形成微影圖案,而使其水平邊緣與P型0D 區P-OD邊緣間之距離是垂直距離ENy’,而其垂直邊緣 至多晶矽閘極邊緣之距離是水平距離ENx’。在形成光罩 PILD後,可使用所知的微影及蝕刻製程將電晶體P1上 之壓縮CES層14圖案化。其結果之剖面圖及上視圖皆顯 示於第8E圖中。 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 20 1374541 • 在於PMOS元件上形成圖案化壓縮CES層14及於 NMOS元件上形成圖案化拉伸CES層16後,透過CVD 毯覆式沉積氧化矽以形成第一層間介電層ILD,雖然亦 不排除使用其他已知之形成層間/介電層ILD的材料及方 法。接著可實施平坦化製程(例如化學機械研磨)來形成平 坦的基底表面(如第8F圖所示)。從此之後,可繼續習知 的CMOS製程,例如切出穿過屬介電展_ ILD之接觸窗 ~ ______— 開口於源極/沒極區12p與12n及閘極區6p與6n等需要 • 形成接點處。 可了解的是在目前的製程之後,形成在基底1表面 之CES層可具有以下的橫向結構。在相同導電形式的 MOS電晶體之間,相鄰的CES層可處於拉伸CES層-層 間介電層-拉伸CES層之橫向結構或壓縮CES層-層間介 電層-壓縮CES層之橫向結構。而在相反導電形式的MOS 電晶體之間,相鄰的CES層具有壓縮CES層-層間介電 層-拉伸CES層之橫向結構。 • 在其他實施例中,在於PMOS元件上形成圖案化壓 縮CES層14及於NMOS元件上形成圖案化拉伸CES層 16後,可形成拉伸層14’或壓縮層16’來填充基底1表面 上相鄰CES層之間的橫向空間以平衡壓縮CES層14及 拉伸CES層16中之應力,而達到相鄰NMOS元件與 PMOS元件間之所需的驅動電流平衡。 在又一實施例中,透過上述之製程於半導體基底上 形成複數個PMOS電晶體及複數個NMOS電晶體。每個 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 21 1374541 . 此技藝人士當可了解本發明較佳實施例增進了元件 的效能,且不需增加複雜的製程步驟。而且,所增加的 製程步驟可輕易地整合至習知的CMOS製程中。此外, NILD光罩及PILD光罩之形成不需要對已存在的設計資 • 料庫作額外的加工或改變。對應至某個技術世代之最佳 化水平距離ENx及垂直距離ENy可使用相同技術而應用 至所有的設計。對於設計及佈局工程師而言沒有額外的 設計法則需考量。 φ 雖然本發明實施例及其優點已詳細敘述.,應了解的 是可在不脫離本發明之精神(如權利範圍所定義)下作多 種的改變、替代、及修改。例如第9圖所示,CES應變 PMOS電晶體P1可旋轉偏離先前實施例之方位,而使多 晶矽閘極電極6、P型0D區P-OD、及壓縮CES層14之 相對邊緣不與水平方向及垂直方向對齊。在此狀況中, 水平距離ENx是P型0D區P-OD邊緣與壓縮CES層14 間之最短距離。再者,此技藝人士可輕易了解形成最佳 φ 實施例之材料、製程步驟、或製程參數可在不脫離本發 明精神下作改變。 雖然本發明已以數個較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並 非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識 者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍内,當可作任意之更 動與潤飾。因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利 範圍所界定者為準。 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 23 1374541 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖顯示先前技藝中形成在矽基底上之應變 NMOS及PMOS元件的剖面圖。 第2圖顯示較佳實施例中CES應變PMOS電晶體P1 ' 之形成。 第3A顯示較佳實施例中具有CES應變層形成於其 上之PMOS電晶體P1的剖面圖。 第3B圖顯示第3A圖中CES應變PMOS電晶體P1 的上視圖。 第4A-4B圖顯示用以獲得水平距離ENx及垂直距離 ENy之最佳化範圍之晶圓允收測試(WAT)的結果。 第5A-5B圖顯示所形成具有最佳化水平距離ENx及 垂直距離ENy之CES應變PMOS元件,且還呈現改善的 驅動電流一致性。 第6A-6B圖顯示最佳化水平距離ENx與垂直距離 ENy、最小設計法則之尺寸、與一些製程技術之間距 φ (spacings)之間數量上的關係。 第7圖顯示較佳實施例中於CMOS製程中形成CES 層之製程流程圖。 第8A-8H圖顯示對應至如第7圖所述之製程步驟之 結構剖面圖。 第9圖顯示較佳實施例中具有旋轉方位的CES應變 PMOS電晶體。 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 24
Claims (1)
1374541 十、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種半導體元件,包括: 一基底; 一閘極區,位於該主動區上,且該閘極區之頂部具 有一閘極電極; 一源極/汲極區,形成在該閘極區之相對邊,大抵分 別與該閘極區之邊緣及該主動區之邊緣對齊;以及 一應變誘發層,具有一第—邊緣及一第二邊緣,大 抵順應性地覆盍在該閘極區及該主動區上; 其中該閘極區之邊緣與該第一邊緣間之間距大於約 0.4微米;以及 其中該主動區與該第二邊緣之間距在約6 〇奈米至約 400奈米之間。 2·如申明專利範圍第〗項所述之半導體元件,苴中 ,半導體元件是- PM0S電晶體,而該應變誘發層:一 麗縮應力屉。 疋 3.如申請專利範圍第 該壓縮應力層包括氮化矽 或前述之組合。 2項所述之半導體元件,其中 、氦氧化物、氧化物、發鍺、 4.如巾請專利範圍第丨項所述之半導體元件, 包括形成於1基底之N井、料材基底、應變 土 &、化合物半導體、多層半導體、絕緣層上覆石夕、 或前述之相似物。 日上设石夕 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 26 1374541 5.如申請專利範圍第丨項所述之半導體 該應變誘發層具有一多層結構。 〃 6.如申請專利範圍帛i項戶斤述之半導體元 該應變誘發層之厚度約5奈米至約5〇〇奈米。 八 體元件,其中 格常數與周圍 .如申靖專利範圍第1項所述之半導 該源極/汲極區更包括一材料,該材料之晶 的該基底之材質不同。 8.—種半導體元件,包括:
一第- PMOS電晶體,:形成於一 p型主動區中,該 主動區具有—第—邊緣及—第二邊緣,該第-PMOS 電晶體具有—第—多晶㈣極電極覆蓋於該p型主動區 上且平行於該p型主動區之該第一邊緣; 卜 第一 NM0S電晶體,形成於一 N型主動區中,該 第NMOS宅晶體具有一第二多晶石夕閑極電極覆蓋於該 N型主動區上;以及 一,一壓縮應力層,具有.,一第一邊緣及一第二邊 緣,該第一壓縮應力層大抵順應性地覆蓋於該第一閘極 電極及該P型主動區上; …卜其中《第-閘極電極之邊緣與該第一壓縮應力層之 該第一邊緣間之間距大於约0 4微米;以及 其中該P㉟主動區之邊緣與該第一Μ縮應力層之該 第二邊緣間之間距在約60奈米至約400奈米之間。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項所述形成半導體元件,其 中該第-壓縮應力層包括氮化矽、氮氧化物、氧化物、 05〇j-A33324TWF/JYchen 27 1374541 矽鍺、或前述之組合。 =10.如申請專利範圍第8項所述形成半導體元件,盆 I該第-NM〇S電晶體更包括—第—拉伸應力層,該第 -拉伸應力層大抵順應性地覆蓋在該第二閘極電極及該 N型主動區上。 苴如申請專利範圍第1〇項所述形成半導體元件, ’、中該第一拉伸應力層包括氮化矽、氮氧化物、氧化物、 SiC、SiCN、C〇Si2、NiSi2、或前述之組合。
如申請專利範圍第1〇項所述形成半導體元件, 其中該第-拉伸應力層與該第—壓縮應力層間之橫向空 間填充了-層間介電層,該層間介電層是具有拉伸應力 之介電層或具有壓縮應力之介電層。 別被一第二壓縮應力層及一第 14.如申請專利範圍第13 其中該第一拉伸應力層大抵順 底上,但不覆蓋在該第一壓縮 伸應力層與該第二拉伸應力層 縮應力層與該第二壓縮應力層 電層所填充’該層間介電層是 具有塵縮應力之介電層。 ^請專利範圍第1G項所述形成半導體元件, 第—PMOS電晶體及_第二NM〇s電晶體,分 二拉伸應力層所覆蓋。 項所述形成半導體元件, 應性地覆蓋在部分的該遵 應力層上’其中該第一拍 間之橫向空間及該第一屢 間之橫向空間被一層間介 具有拉伸應力之介電層或 其二力 〇503-A33324TWF/JYchei 28 1374541 ,. 層。 16.如申請專利範圍第ι〇項所述形成半導體元件, 其中該第一 PMOS電晶體及該第一 NMOS電晶體分別更 包括一源極區及一汲極區,其中該源極區及該汲極區包 括一磊晶層,該磊晶層之晶格常數不同於周圍的該半導 體基底之材質。 17· —種半導體元件,包括: 一閘極區,覆蓋於該P型主動區上且具有複數個多 φ 晶石夕閘極電極於該.閘極區上; 一源極/汲極區,形成於該閘極區之相對邊,大抵分 別與該閘極區之邊緣及該p型主動區之邊緣對齊; 一壓縮應力層,大抵順應性地覆蓋於該些多晶矽閘 極電極及該P型主動區上,且該壓縮應力層具有一第一 邊緣及一第二邊緣; 一 N井區,包圍該p型主動區; 一距離P,該距離P是該些多晶矽閘極電極之邊緣中 • 與該P型主動區之邊緣間之最小設計法則距離; 一距離G,該距離G是該P型主動區中之該些多晶 矽閘極電極間之最小設計法則距離; 一距離L,該距離L是該p型主動區之邊緣至該n 井區之邊緣的最短距離;以及 一距離Η,該距離Η是該N型主動區之邊緣與該N 井區之邊緣的最短距離; 其中該多晶矽閘極電極之邊緣與該壓縮應力層之該 0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 29 1374541 第一邊緣間之間距是約ί倍至約2倍的該距離p與兮距 離G中之較大距離;以及 其中該P型主動區與該壓縮應力層之該第二邊緣之 間距是約三分之一倍至約三分之二倍的該距離L與該 離Η之總合。 ϋ如申請專利範圍第17 β所遮之半導體元件,其 中該壓縮應力層包括氮化矽、氮氧化物、氧化物 ’: 或前述之组合。
19. 如中請專利範圍第17項所述之半導體元件,立 中該源極/汲極區更#括一妊把 认“ #枓,該材料之晶格常數不同 於周圍的该半導體基底之材質。 20. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述 電晶體具有—旋轉的 閘極電極之姆邊緣衫㈣齊夕
0503-A33324TWF/JYchen 30
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US20080169484A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
US8558278B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
TW200832702A (en) | 2008-08-01 |
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