TW552126B - Gateway platform for biological monitoring and delivery of therapeutic compounds - Google Patents
Gateway platform for biological monitoring and delivery of therapeutic compounds Download PDFInfo
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- TW552126B TW552126B TW091114326A TW91114326A TW552126B TW 552126 B TW552126 B TW 552126B TW 091114326 A TW091114326 A TW 091114326A TW 91114326 A TW91114326 A TW 91114326A TW 552126 B TW552126 B TW 552126B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
- G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
- G16H20/13—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered from dispensers
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- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
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- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
- A61B5/0022—Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
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- A61B5/14539—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring pH
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- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
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- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
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- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/172—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic
- A61M5/1723—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure
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- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
- A61M5/14244—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps adapted to be carried by the patient, e.g. portable on the body
- A61M5/14276—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps adapted to be carried by the patient, e.g. portable on the body specially adapted for implantation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(i ) 相關申請案交互參考 < 此申請案主張於2001年6月29曰所立案的美國臨時申請案 編號60/301,897之優先權。 發明領域 本發明關於一種用於遠距或分散式監視生理學狀態之方 法及裝置。本發明提供方法來經由建立基準線數值偵測生 理參數中的變化’其藉由檢測編譯的資料或由電腦輔助分 析。本裝置提供了感測器的一通用平台,其也可允許在適 當的程度及/或間隔下裝置或生物活性媒介的自動補償或分 佈,其係回應於在不同生理參數中所感測到的變化。 發明背景 長期監視生理學參數在實施時特別有問題。此種監視在 許多狀況中為基本,特別是對於呈現短暫生理異常的病 人。此種長期監視的實施可有助於解決病危中的病人之數 個問題,例如:1)允許連續監視,當病人離開一管理的照 顧設定時,即警告照顧者及病人有潛在的問題;2)允許得 到真實的基準線,使得變化可較易於偵測;及3)允許自動 收集重要的^料,其為決定治療行為的功效或無功效所必 須。 長期監視基本上對於無法行走的病人較易於完成。有許 多裝置的範例來監視在一醫院設定中的生理參數,例如心 電圖、腦波圖、脈搏、心跳率、血壓等等。但是,對於可 活動的個人,目前對於生理狀況的長期監視僅存在有非常 少的選擇。大多數的裝置僅定期地量測,並傾向於會有由
裝 訂
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技術、相容性或使用所造成的量測變化。更常見地是,這 些裝置需要受過訓練的人來操作及監視該裝置的狀況,並 保證病人的服從,藉以維持該監視儀器的適當運作。此 外,對於許多這些外部裝置的生物相容性問題亦有許多, 其具有副作用,例如使用者的皮膚過敏,增加病人對於該 監視裝置的不服從性。 注射裝置亦會增加併發症。雖然藉由半永久性的植入感 測ι§可減少不順從及量測的變化問提,生物相容性的問題 甚至會更兩。可植入的裝置通常具有一縮短的半壽命,其 係由於病人的對該裝置的排斥,在該裝置本身所累積的生 物材料或其他事件,包含該裝置的感染及機械性破壞。美 國專利編號6,092,530提供該可植入裝置上的一感測器,其 監視在該感測器本身上的生物材料之累積,而降低經由注 射性量測來檢查該裝置之狀態的需求。該監測器可由一外 部裝置遠距地透過電磁波或高頻無線電波來審視,觸發該 感測器來傳送編碼的資料到該外部讀取器裝置。 其他已揭示的醫療感測器,其量測不同的生理參數來遠 距監視。舉例而言,Klein等人所提出的美國專利編號 5,987,352中揭示一種最少的注入植入,其結合於一遙測數 據系統來儲存所觸發的心電圖資料。此裝置記錄符合一設 定的臨界參數的生理事件,其後續經由外部審查來下載到 一外部讀取器裝置。Kovacs等人的美國專利編號 5,833,603提供一種監視不同生理參數及儲存辨識的資料之 裝置。類似地,p〇Uack的美國專利編號4,854,328揭示, -5- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公爱) 装 訂
552126
,動物皿視系統,其包含—可植人的溫度感測器及傳送 益,其在感測到一預定的臨界值時傳送一信號到一遠距接 收裔。因為該裝置僅記錄滿足一設定臨界參數的資料,其 不適合建立在偵測低頻事件中所需要的基準線圖樣。這兩 種裝置亦需要—外部審查裝置,其提示該詢答时下載收 集的資料到一外部記錄裝置。 。其他無線的技術亦構成對於外部為主或植入的生物感測 器之不同生理參數的量測。Segal〇witz之美國專利編號 5,511,553亦揭示一種裝置,其量測多個電生理性參數來以 無線的方式提供連續監視可下床走動病人的心血管狀況 裝 的評定。Say等人的^國專利編號6,175,752揭示一種分析 劑監視器,其量測多個生理參數,並以無線的方式提供連 、’、貝的孤視。該裝置亦提供一藥物傳遞系統,以基於使用該 訂
感測器所得到的資料來改變該分析劑的程度。雖然兩個裝 置結合生物感測器與無線資料傳輸的使用,其無法呈現出 可提供一長期性,生物相容性系統,而允許以一網路為主 的系統來連續地反饋及分析,其能夠在一哺乳動物對象中 的遠距感測器傳送資訊到—中心、資料分析系統。其一直存 =有需要長期生理監視裝置,其提供感測器來減少生物相 容性問題,並提供-無線資料巾繼系統,其可靠地傳送生 物參數資料,允許連續或定期地監視一病人或使用者生理 狀態。 發明概要 因此,本發明一方面係藉由提供可允許連續或定期地監 -6 - 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(4 視生理狀況之方法及裝置來處理上述的缺點。生理參數係 經由安裝在一生物介面頭(BIH)内的感測器來監視,其鏈結 到一通信及控制模組(CCM)。該CCM控制該BIH功能,並 自動地透過遠距遙測數據來傳送轉換及加密的資訊到一資 料收集單元(DCU)。來自該DCU的資訊經過分析,必可傳 送到一遠距資料管理系統,其將允許由該量測的對象、照 顧者或其他授權的個人藉由遠距遙測數據或其他的通信形 式來存取(圖1)。一種自動補償傳遞機制亦可加入到該裝 置,其可傳遞醫療劑、化合物或其他材料,來回應於在不 同生理參數中的異常或波動,或是回應於一外部的授權命 令。 本發明一方面為一種在活體内自動、連續或定期地監視 生理狀況之裝置,其使用鏈結到CCM或DCU的表面或次表 面植入的感測器。藉由遠距地或在一分散式環境中連續地 監視生理參數,其可得到基準線或參考資料,而允許偵測 到量測對象中的變化。該裝置本身與目前可用的長期性監 視裝置之不同在於:1)藉由降低由使用者、技術或順從性 問題造成的資料變化來改善量測資料品質;2)轉換、加密 及辨識資料來進一步傳輸及處理資料;3)加入一無線傳輸 信號系統(例如射頻、聲波或光學)或其他遠距通信方法來允 許自該CCM/BIH組件所收集的資料自動傳輸到相鄰或遠距 CCM或DCU ; 4)降低關於使用創新的生物材料及裝置之可 植入感測器之生物適合性問題,以降低由於生物製程之黏 著或包封該生物流體的存取埠;及5)耦合該無線信號系統 裝 訂
線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 來構成一雙向的無線為主的控制系統來允許來自該 CCM/BIH組件的化合物或裝置的受控制或自動的傳遞。 在一方面,該BIH組件可包含不同形式的感測機制,其包 含熱感測器(熱電阻、熱電偶),電子感測器(EKG、ECG、 阻抗、頻率或電容),光學感測器(光子波長、比色、渾濁 度),化學感測器(pH、生物分子、像是C02的氣體,及其 他化學感測器),酵素鏈結的^感測器(葡萄糖氧化酵素、磷酸 酵素、耦合的基板(例如辣根過氧化酵素,或鹼性磷酸酵 素,及其他酵素鏈結的感測器)),輻射感測器(伽瑪 (gamma)、貝他(beta)及其他輻射偵測器),磁性感測器(微 NMR電路及磁性旋轉狀態),及物理感測器,例如流量計及 壓力感測器。另外,該感測器亦包含一 MEMS (微機電系統) 或一 MOEMS(微光學機電系統)感測裝置,其包含至少一懸 臂梁,其塗佈有聚合化合物,用以偵測不同的生理物質或 狀況。該微懸臂梁允許增加感測性及特定性,其相較於目 前可用的技術,並藉由耦合該梁到換能器來簡化偵測,其 量測電容、共振頻率中的變化,或其他用於偵測該懸臂梁 的彈簧元件中的質量變化技術。在其他的具體實施例中, 奈米技術裝置可加入到該感測器頭或該裝置的其他組件來 用於更為準確的偵測、細胞式操縱及量測生理參數。在該 BIH組合體的一具體實施例中,以及該系統的其他組件,其 可包含組件之尺寸為微米、次微米或奈米等級,其進一步 簡化該裝置到承受器的突出性。 在另一方面,該感測器元件的BIH組件包含有材料來允許 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 裝 訂
線 552126
該感測is與該寄主環境之交互作用。此包含微通道、膠 質、微細網、篩網、薄膜、過濾器或一微多孔性熔塊,其 允許感測器與該寄主環境的交互作用,而維持在該感測元 件本身内的一離析及無菌的環境。此即可延長該感測器的 奇命,其係藉由防止該生物感測器污染有巨集分子及其他 物質,其可黏著在該感測器機制上。 根據本發明的其他方面,使用特定的生物媒體可加入到 該感測頭裝置,並可降低該感測器元件曝露於該外部環 境。此生物媒體系統也可降低黏著該感測器元件在該寄主 組織或疊層上,該生物感測器的排斥機制的一大組件。再 者使用生物媒體系統可減小該週邊組織或疊層的傷 口,藉由提供與該寄主相容的生物相容的媒體,模仿植入 該感測器之組織環境。在本發明又另一方面,生長因子、 細胞發信及細胞黏著分子將整合到該生物媒體系統,模仿 該組織,並進一步改善該感測器植入到該寄主物種之生物 相容性問題。 在其他方面,該生物媒體在室溫環境下具有膠狀的性 質,其在曝露於較高的本體溫度時,即改變該材料到一流 體狀的狀態,而成為較低的黏性。此膠狀物質的用處之一 為其做為該感測器元件的一校準處理的一部份。當該感測 器植入到該寄主上或到其内,該感測器本身即由該膠狀材 料遮蔽於該寄主環境。因為環繞該感測器的溫度增加,該 膠狀材料會改變黏度,由該矩陣釋放校準分子而進入到該 感測器。然後該感測器可在平衡於該寄主環境中之前來準 -9- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五、 發明説明(7 確地校準。該生物媒體亦可做為在製造期間做為一種製程 或方法。該生物媒體亦可提供增加的產品外殼壽命儲存, 藉由隔絕於在該BIH上的感測器來防止由週遭狀況所造成的 劣化,例如溫度、濕度或其他變質的儲存問題。 在本發明的另一方面,位在該真皮層之上或其内的該BIH 組件會與該CCM(控制及通信模組)交互作用,其亦位在該 真皮層之上或其内。該CCM交互作用於該感測器單元,其 直接透過一物理裝置(例如導電線、光學、聲學或其他裝 置),或間接地使用一遠距無線為主之信號及控制系統。該 CCM亦包含一電源供應,其由一可移除或反應器電源所構 成。該CCM及BIH組件,如果位在該真皮層之上,其係經 由一生物黏著系統來附著於該寄主病人,其允許該外部身 體表面的最小過敏,藉此傾向於降低排斥,並增加該BIH及 CCM組件之壽命。 在本發明的一特殊方面,該BIH係與該CCM直接通信來 由外部監視。該CCM可自動、連續或定期地下載儲存的轉 換及加密的資訊到一資料收集單元(DCU)。該CCM亦可自 動地,及連續或定期地下載儲存的資訊到一遠距或相鄰的 CCM,其係在信號傳輸會發生問題的區域中。當該CCM與 DCU之間的通信為可能時,但並不是在該DCU與該遠距資 料庫管理系統之間,該DCU可下載資訊到其他的遠距或分 散式DCU,直到可以建立與該遠距資料庫管理系統的通信 鏈結。該CCM亦能夠接收來自一遠距資料庫管理系統、 DCU或相鄰或遠距CCM所處理的資訊,經由一獨立的通信 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
線 552126
A7 B7
頻道或方法來警告該病人或使用者,例如透過 +怒oil、 t地的顯 不is (例如視覺、物理或聲學裝置(液晶顯示器、有機發光一 極體(OLED)顯示器、磁性感應液體鏈結顯 : 命、聲音警 報、物理振動或傳呼機制))、或電信路徑。 根據本發明另一方面,該生物介面頭(BIH)包含一釋放系 統來傳遞治療劑,其係回應於偵測到不同生理泉數 、’、 變來官理。包含在該内的釋放系統與該六互作 用,並回應於接收自CCM的指令來釋放治療劑。誃可 程式化來直接觸發傳遞治療劑,或可耦合於一外部控制電 路’允許遠距監視一病人的狀況,及後續的調整治療劑, 错以穩疋不同的生理指標。 當本發明的好處及特徵已經說明如上,本發明的詳細說 明將可在以下配合所附具體實施例來提出。這些具體實施 例係說明本發明可實施的許多方法,及進一步的好處及特 徵將可透過本發明的詳細說明及其所附圖面來更為瞭解。 圖式簡單說明 本發明的這些及其他目的、好處及特徵將可由其以下的 較佳具體實施例的詳細說明,並配合以下的圖面而更可立 即地瞭解。 圖1所示為人體閘道系統的組件。 圖2所示為該系統的一具體實施例的方塊圖,其中來自該 BIH的感測器資訊主要係由該ccjy[處理’並傳送到該DCU 及遠距資料庫管理系統。該遠距資料庫管理系統,基於該 感測器所接收的資訊,即可提供反饋分析到該D C U或C C Μ -11- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4规格(210 X 297公釐)
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線 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 或兩者。 圖3所示為一直接通信鏈結建立在該ccm與BIH之間。 圖4所不為該BIH及CCM整合成一個組件。 圖5所示為一直接通信鏈結建立在該ccm與一植入的BIH 之間。 圖6所示為一間接通信鏈結建立在該ccm與一表面安裝 的BIH(圖6 A)之間的一間接通信鏈結,或是建立一植入的 BIH(圖6B)〇 圖7所示為使用超過一個CCM來由該BIH傳遞資料的方塊 圖。 圖8所示為使用超過一個DCU來由該BIH傳遞資料的方塊 圖。 圖9所示為表面安裝的BIH及CCM組合體之部份橫裁面 圖。 圖10所示為侵入的BIH及CCM組合體(圖10A)及感測器 頭組合體(圖10B)的部份橫截面圖。 圖11所示為BIH中電子零件的一般性需求。 圖12所示為CCM中電子零件的一般性需求。 圖13所示為DCU中電子零件的一般性需求。 圖14所示為一表面安裝的BIH/CCM組合體。. 定義 人體閘道(HG)平台-此描述一種組件、裝置、資料管理 系統及服務的系統,其需要來遠距地量測生物參數,收集 在一無線遠距環境中的資料,分析及總結該資料,並提供 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(10 可由該哺乳動物對象、臨床醫生或授權的第三方來存取該 資料。此外,其可包含一雙向的安全通信系統,使得一哺 乳動物對象及一臨床醫生可遠距地傳送診斷知識及/或動 作。 BIH -生物介面頭。其可包含感測器、介面或感測器安 裝特徵、資料通信特徵,及限制移動的結構,或保證放置 在該感測器的該量測的對象上。 CCM -控制及通信模組。其包含電路及裝置,其需要由 該BIH、其他CCM及DCU接收信號,並處理那些信號及/或 將其傳送到一DCU、BIH或另一個CCM。 DCU -資料收集單元。其包含電路及裝置,其需要來由 至少一CCM、DCU或來自其他遙測數據系統的外部傳輸接 收及傳送信號,例如細胞式電話、呼叫器、固定的遙測數 據系統或其他遙測數據系統。 生物媒體(Biomedia)-特殊化的媒體,用以降低該感測 器元件曝露到該外部環境。生物媒體可由生物性及生理性 相容於該寄主病人的材料所構成,藉此該性質為使得該外 部校準標準或製造商加入到該裝置,並在插入該裝置到該 寄主病人時來釋放。生物媒體可由任何生理性相容的反應 劑來構成,其包含但不限於:氫膠、瓊脂、凝膠、澱粉, 或任何其他天然或人工的聚合化合物。 身體表面-身體表面由表皮或其他相關的細胞形式所覆 蓋,並曝露於外部環境,其係連續地或短暫地刺穿或是穿 透此表面的整合性。這些表面的範例包含但不限於:皮膚 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7
=道’其可在嘴巴、鼻子通道或其 調整的資料由賴Η接㈣諸,其經過處理來移除 無關的雜訊或信號,以及其他的程序來增進信號品質及傳 輸0 連續地-應用相關頻率的量測不需要使用者介入。 資料庫管理系統·電腦為主的管理系統,用以處理、健 存及總結感測器資料來決定該哺乳動物對象的生理參數、 制該生理參數中的變㈣異常、決定該㈣模式來回應 於該生理參數的分析或任何其他分析及處理該資料,其為 評估該哺乳動物對象所必須。回應於該處理的資料之控制 指令可經由一電腦為主或無線通信裝置傳送回到該哺乳動 物對象或其他授權的個人。 貝料傳輸裝置-個人數位助理、呼叫器或其他能夠資料 傳輸或接收資訊或指令的裝置。 加密的資料-自感測器接收的資料之非對稱或對稱的加 密到加密的文字。允許該資料傳輸,及其後續接收來在任 何可用的控制及通信模組或資料收集單元上來執行。 哺乳動物對象-正在收集量測的人、動物或其他有機 體。 定期地-使用者或系統控制的量測頻率。 處理的資料-錯誤診斷及/或修正及類比到數位轉換,或 數位到類比轉換,以及其他用於致能或增進資料傳輸的其 他裝置。 ^
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線 -14-
552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 遠距地放置-並未實質連接到哺乳動物對象。 次真皮地-位在該真皮層表面之下。 次皮膚地-位在該皮膚表面之下。 感測器-機械式、電子式或光學感測裝置,其量測資 訊,例如生理相關的資訊(例如溫度、壓力、EKG、ECG、 pH、生化物質、生物分子、像是C02的氣體,及其他化學 參數、酵素為主的參數、輻射、磁性及物理參數,例如血 流、血壓或其他物理參數),或其他資訊(例如身體位置、 GPS位置)。 無線裝置-用於傳送及接收資訊的射頻、聲學或光學裝 置。 發明詳細說明 本發明的裝置及方法提供一種平台來安裝生物感測器模 組,其用於監視生物參數,其包含但不限於:物理性量 測;例如溫度、運動、電性、導電性及壓力;(惠斯頓電橋 量測;Wheatstone bridge measurement)、化學量測,例 如鹽、藥、代謝物、荷爾蒙及pH的濃度;及生物活化測 定,例如測試抗體的存在或不存在,或其他來自該哺乳動 物對象内的生物分子或生物活動性。一旦得到之後,這些 資料及由該BIH組件傳送到該CCM來編譯及回應。整個裝 置可指定為一人體閘道(HG)平台(圖1)。其為本發明之獨特 特徵,其中該資料收集為自動、自發及不引人注目的。此 外,其可鏈結到一雙向的通信系統、遠距儲存或資料分析 系統。 -15- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
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線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 其為本發明的另一個獨特特徵,其可做為一平台,其上 可視需要及在感測器系統改變時加入一或多個感測器。也 就是說,其為本發明的一特徵,該HG(人體閘道)平台提供 一通用生物參數監視平台的基本架構。本發明的另一個特 徵為,該裝置也可用來提供計量釋出的裝置,或透過加入 在該BIΗ内的適當組件來傳遞適當的反應劑(例如治療劑)到 該身體。此發明的特徵在於該包含至少一個感測器模組的 ΒΙΗ、CCM與一遠距DCU之間的一鏈結,其使用一無線為 主的資料傳輸系統(例如RF、聲學或光學)的一資料傳遞系 統。此無線為主的系統可用來傳遞來自該ΒΙΗ的生物測定資 料及控制信號到該CCM,以及傳到及來自該資料收集單元 (DCU)。 在本發明的一較佳具體實施例中(圖1),該HG係由三個基 本組件構成。該第一組件10包含該生物介面頭(ΒΙΗ)及控制 與通信模組(CCM)。該第二組件30為該資料收集單元 (DCU),而該第三組件50為該資料庫管理系統。該CCM及 DCU組件用於傳遞生物參數量測及信號到或來自安裝的感 測器模組,或另附著到該ΒΙΗ,其可附著到該CCM。 在運作上(圖2),該ΒΙΗ 11由感測器12量測適當的身體狀 況、狀態或構成來得到生物參數資料,例如溫度、pH或定 義的生物分子之位準。然後該BIH 11傳送此資料到該CCM 15。該CCM包含最佳化的電路,其需要做為基本資料處理 14、信號處理22及資料傳輸17。該CCM 15傳遞該資料流 到一相鄰DCU 30單元。該DCU 30單元可固定在定義的位 -16- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(14 ) 置(例如在建築物走廊中的固定間隔)或為可攜式(例如由正 被監視的人所配帶或夾持)。該CCM 15可轉換該生物感測 器資料流由一類比信號到一數位信號21(根據所使用的該感 測器)、執行初步的信號處理22、顯示一限制形式的資料 (即目前量測的值),並加密及編碼識別標籤16到該轉換及 處理的資料。該DCU 30可接收初步處理的資料36、執行必 要的額外信號處理34、編譯來自該CCM 15之後續傳送的 資料組32,並依需要來儲存資料38。該DCU 30可定期地 傳送36該資料到一遠距資料庫管理系統50,用於進一步信 號處理52(解密,辨識)' 分析52、總結58、儲存56及/或動 作59。該資料庫管理系統50也可回應於接收資料的總結來 反饋到該DCU 62、CCM 64或兩者。 在一較佳具體實施例中(圖3),該BIH 11及CCM 15之通 信係透過一直接物理鏈結76到該BIH 11。該CCM 15連接 到該BIH 11之裝置範例為:導電線、光纖、帶或尼龍絲、 矽微介層通道或其他方法來物理性鏈結該BIH到該CCM。 另外(圖4),該BIH 11係鏈結78到該CCM 15製造的組合 體,使得在該兩個組件之間看不到清楚的輪廓。在此具體 實施例中,兩個組件可存在於該身體的表面上。 在此具體實施例的第二變化中(圖5),該CCM 15係物理 性鏈結82到該BIH 11,但是在此變化中,該BIH 11係位在 該身體表面84之下(或在其中),藉此該CCM 15係存在於該 身體的外表面上。該植入的BIH之位置可為次真皮,或位在 更深的組織或疊層内,或在該身體的器官中。 -17- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 在此具體實施例的又另一個變化中(圖6),該CCM 15並 未物理性鏈結到該BIH 11。該CCM 15存在於該身體84的 外表面上。該BIH 11係位在該身體的外表面上(但並未物理 性鏈結;圖6A),或植入在該表面之下(但並未物理性鏈 結;圖6B)。該CCM 15及BIH 11透過一無線裝置86來通 信,例如電子、光學或聲學傳輸。安裝該CCM及BIH在該 寄主身體上的位置及方式係由該應用或要量測的生物參數 來決定。 其可使用超過一個的CCM/BIH組合體來量測生理生物參 數。該哺乳動物對象的生物參數係由複數個BIH組合體來得 到,並利用裝置之間的通信、信號監視及分析來收集,例 如多個組合體之間的電性阻抗之信號/時間差動感測。此方 式的變化將包含資料收集及傳送的多個多功能CCM/BIH組 合體。 本發明的一特徵為該多個CCM可用來提供一更為穩定的 資料通信到資料庫,如果一 DCU或哺乳動物對象係在覆蓋 範圍之外,或經歷到一些形式的資料傳輸中斷或干擾(圖 7)。舉例而言,一位在一對象上的CCM #1 92傳送94來自 BIH #1 93的收集之資料及處理的生物參數到一位在一相鄰 哺乳動物對象上的一 CCM #2 96。然後CCM #2 96傳送98 自CCM #1 92接收的資料及來自BIH #2 97本身收集的生 物參數資料到一可用的DCU 100,然後其將上載104兩個 資料組合到一遠距資料庫管理系統102。來自兩個CCM #1 92及CCM #2 96之傳送的資料將可加密及編碼來保證該資 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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線 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(16 ) 訊為保密的,並僅傳送到授權的通信裝置。此範例可延伸 來包含兩個或多個CCM來傳送此資料到一DCU。 改善裝置之間的通信也可由另一個具體實施例來完成(圖 8),其中使用多個DCU 118及128來傳遞該生物參數資料 到一遠距資料庫管理系統134,如果該哺乳動物對象係在覆 蓋範圍之外,或經歷到一些形式的資料傳輸中斷或干擾。 在此範例中,一 CCM #1 112接收來自BIH #1 114的生物 參數。CCM #1 112傳送116該生物參數資料到DCU #1 118,其依序傳送122該信號到DCU #2 128。DCU #2 128,其亦經由CCM #2 122接收126來自BIH #2 124的資 料,傳送同時來自BIH #1 114及BIH #2 124的生物參數資 料到一資料庫管理系統134。 改進的通信亦可利用多個CCM來達到,其適當地接收來 自一傳輸來源的編碼的信號或資料,而非一DCU。這種信 號可採取由共用載波傳送器所傳送的一無線傳輸的形式, 例如商用無線電台,其可提供另一種方式來通信於CCM組 合體。這種通信裝置可證明可用於達到一或多個量測的對 象,例如在天然災害或民間緊急事故下需要來保證適當的 運作該BIH/CCM組合體。 生物介面頭(BIH) 該生物介面頭組合體拾取一或多個外部或内部量測的參 數,其可包含生理參數、生物分子或外來反應劑,並將其 轉換到一簡易可處理的信號,其通常為電子或光學。該BIH 係由數個組件所構成。這些可包含但不限於感測器、介面 -19 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(17 或感測器安裝特徵、資料通信特徵,及限制移動的結構, 或保證放置在該感測器的該量測的對象上。本發明的一較 佳具體實施例包含在該BIH中至少一感測器,其量測生理參 數,例如溫度或壓力。表面溫度感測器,其可置於該胸 部、腋下、四肢或其他身體表面的部份(Exacon公司,D-SFL_1多目的溫度感測器,Wuntronic破璃探針NTc電熱調 節器系列SP,或其他商業可用的電熱調節器),其可安裝到 該BIH頭上來用於溫度量測。其他感測器也可包含,其量測 EKG、ECG、pH、生化物質、生物分子、例如c〇2的氣 體、及其他化學參數、酵素為主的參數、輕射、磁性及物 理參數,例如血流、jk壓或其他物理參數),或其他資訊(例 如身體位置,GPS位置)。 來自該感測器的量測之資料信號可在該BIH組合體處調 整’以增進該傳輸到該CCM。這種調整的範例為放大、濾 波或編馬。然後該信號即傳送到該CCM。如果該BIH整合 到該CCM,該連接可為非常短。該連接可由晶片上的連接 所構成,其將最小化該CCM與BIH之間的距離。 根據該應用,該BIH可包含一與該CCM連續的單元,藉 此在其他具體實施例中,該BIH可為一獨立於該CCM的單 元’其稭由電性、光學或其他裝置來鏈結,以在該Ccm及 該BIH之間傳輸資料。該可為一可取代的單元,其由物 理性或無線裝置連接到該CCM。此特徵允許其有能力來以 一新的不同或取代性BIH組合體來取代該BIH,而維持該相 同的CCM。此外,在某些應用中所想要的一設計特徵為如 -20-
本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7
果該CCM或BIH突然地移動以有位移時其與該腦分 離’使得耗㈣线,其包含料在外觀上形成穿過真 皮者,其維持原封不動及未移動。 —此外’該BIH也可包含安裝在或另外附著於該bih安裝單 兀之可取代及可丢棄的感測器。此特徵允許其有能力來以 新的不同或取代性感測器單元來取代該bih内的感測器, 而維持該相同的CCM-BIH組合體。 該BIΗ可利用表或非侵人的感測器來得到生物參數資 料’例如溫度或壓力。另外,該Bm可利贱安裝感測器, 其設計來得到次真皮(或進一步在身體内)之量測。該BIH的 形式將因此根據應用而不同,其控制了該感測器的選擇。 該ΒΙΗ可加入感測器,其係機械式、電氣式、光子式或 藉由其他裝置來量測及/或傳送資料。加入電路或其他科 技’例如光乘法器,其可基於每種感測器的信號雜訊比分 析來加入。 此外,使用光子系統,例如垂直腔半導體雷射(VCSL)-衍生的激發,其耦合於利用光學的光偵測器拾取頭,例如 光纖,或波導,用於由該感測器頭傳遞信號,其可用來通 信於該CCM與ΒΙΗ之間。再次地,根據信號強度,其必須 來在該ΒΙΗ上放置一些信號處理功能。/光子耦合系統之雜 訊比一相對應的電性平台要少,使得在特定狀況下該ΒΙΗ與 CCM之間的光子信號更為所需要。 該ΒΙΗ與該環境(例如生物流體)在延長的時間中的相容性 將亦可計入到該感測器平台的設計。根據該環境條件’塗 -21 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明( 佈(例如矽烷、環氧、合成聚合物或其他材料)或其他方式可 加入到該感測器平台上,以延長BIH及/或CCM壽命,或來 增進生物相容性。 一表面安裝的BIΗ,如圖9所示,為一種能夠利用感測器 量測來自該量測對項之生物參數的平台。在簡單的狀況 中,該感測器140係接觸於該最上面的真皮或表面層142。 此一範例可找到的為放置在該胸部、腋下、四肢或身體表 面的其他部份(Exacon公司,D-SFL-1多目的溫度感測器, Wuntronic玻璃探針NTC電熱調節器系列SP,或其他商業 可用的電熱調節器)。在其他狀況下,微感測器,例如用於 導熱到溫度感測器之微針頭,其可以一短暫的形式由該表 面安裝的頭來延長,藉以得到讀數。 該單元本身可沿著該CCM 145來包裝,如圖所示,或可 隔離於該CCM,但透過導電線、光纖或其他資料傳輸方法 來鏈結到該CCM。安裝在該BIH内的感測器系統可根據所 使用的感測器形式來傳遞電性、光學或其他形式的資料信 號到該CCM。該單元亦將包含一傳送及接收裝置146,以 及一電源148。 女裝該BIH在該表面上可由黏者補片152或由其他方法家 成’其附著該組合體到該表面或身體上任何定義的位置, 例如在皮膚上,牙齒表面,口腔凹穴,或在其他身體凹穴 内0 一侵入式BIH(圖10)係設計來做為監視在身體表面内部或 之下的生物參數之生物感測器之平台。其亦設計來鏈結該 -22- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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線 552126
資料到,及由這些感測器到該表面安裝的CCM。該侵入式 BIH的一特徵為其鏈結次真皮(或更深的)感測器到該ccM 的功能,而維持最少的寄主感染及排斥。因此,其可包含 數個方面一設計中。 一侵入式BIH基本上可具有三個主要工作。第一個工作係 做為一路徑或通道來允許該感測器存取到該内部環境,包 含内部生物流體(例如血液' 淋巴液、小導管液,或其他身 體所產生的液體)。此環境可為次真皮或位在更深入於身 體,例如該腹膜凹穴 '肌肉内或器官中。第二個是錨定或 放置一信號傳輸裝置,而第三個係夾持一感測器或安裝為 一可取代、可插入的感測器組合體。 這些特徵或工作係示於圖10。其亦可能有其他設計及結 構來執行這些工作,而此具體實施例並非要限制本發明的 範圍。此設計具有四個主要的組成。第一個為該外部安裝 環162。此特徵係為一惰性的輕度過敏材料製成,例如不銹 鋼、尼龍或任何其他不會造成身體中過敏反應的材料。安 裝點可包含在該可取代、可插入的感測器組合體之外部部 伤的此環上。錫疋此環到該真皮層16 4可利用黏著劑16 ό及 環繞該穿過真皮部份的組織之物理性壓縮來完成,或任何 其他可為疋該環到該真皮層之方法。所使用的黏著劑可為 習用的生物相容合成黏著劑,以及利用身體本身能力來形 成纖維狀、内含的結構的材料,其可接觸於該真皮層(同等 於一常見的斑點)。後者可由利用適當的生長因子、黏著分 子及引誘劑來塗佈該安裝環的下方部份來完成,例如副凝 -23- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(21 血活化劑、維他命K、凝血劑、纖維蛋白、角質素生長因 子、活化劑、視神經成長因子、細胞分裂素、化學分裂 素、TGF-beta、TNF-alpha、VEGF、PDGF、FGF、 PAF、NGF、IL-4、IL_8、類胰島素生長因子,表皮膜、 纖維激素及其他可以促進皮膚傷口治療機制並在環繞該安 裝環形成一類上皮結構的因子。 延伸到該安裝環之下的為該第二組件(穿過真皮導管 172),其為一種結構(如管子或細絲)做為該可插入感測器 組合體的導引。該穿過真皮導管為一半永久性的管子或結 構,其可由臨床醫師插入,而並非要由受量測對象或臨床 醫師定期地移除或取代。在大多數具體實施例中,此管子 為彈性,輕度免疫性,並具有一或多個中空核心。在醫療 界中已使用多種材料來做為導管,其包含矽聚合物,其具 有適當的延展性及生物相容性。如果需要的話,該外牆可 塗佈額外的聚合物來增加生物相容性,並最小化排斥的可 能性,例如聚乙烯乙二醇,或其他相關的聚合材料。為了 提供額外的機械性強度,其可加入由尼龍或高強度纖維網 所構成的一疊層内層,例如KEVLAR( —尼龍層),其可增 加強度而維持所需要的彈性。彈性及延展性為此植入技術 之舒適及接受度的要素。 在該穿過真皮導管的末端處為該第三組件,該感測器安 裝頭182。此安裝頭亦可便於插入該可植入的BIH組合體。 該安裝頭將亦可由堅硬的生物相容材料所組成,例如尼龍 或其他材料,其將增加該結構的強度。但是,為了最小化 -24- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 訂
線 五、發明説明(22 ) 在該植入區域中的纖維成長,其可塗佈適當的黏著生物分 子及/或生長Θ子來模仿該週遭環境,並協助整合該裝置到 週把的組織中。此外,抗凝結輔助劑(如肝填脂或其他醫藥 用抗凝結劑)可以提供來防止到、㈣其他凝塊/排斥因子的 ‘著到該感測II頭上。整合該頭到該週遭組織為必須,藉 以在固定的運動期間於該個體的部份上最小化相鄰細胞的 物理性分裂,藉此減輕該裝置被纖維組織包覆而成為該身 體的排斥機制。 在該頭内包含的是該第四結構或組件,該生物流體存取 埠184。此特徵提供該生物流體之方法來通過到該裝置中而 用於分析,而同時可避免來自外部環境的污染。為此目 的 微、、、田網、薄^或溶塊,或任何其他可提供該感測器 頭的阻障之材料皆可用來防止轉移或傳輸該病原體到身體 中。某些微結構,例如MEMS*M〇EMS為主的結構,其以 微介層、微括約肌、微^閥、微型開口或具有多孔性質的 複合奈米結構來形成,例如一網狀,其包含在一週遭的矽 曰曰2内’其可提餘子所冑要的排除性,*允許做為測試 的流體及小分子的通道。此外,此組件將具有必要的結構 性特徵,用於包裝在該堅硬的頭組件内。在某些應用中, 該存取埠本身為該感測系統的一部份,例如一壓力感應裝 置或熱感應單元。該生物相容性組織已經是先前裝置中的 一明顯的挑戰。尤其是,在該存取埠附近的細胞碎片可導 致一排斥反應的發展會造成該感測器失效。為了最小化此 風險,沖洗該存取埠區域附近為必要,藉以定期地移除細 -25- 本紙張尺度適财g國家標準(CNS) A4規格(㈣X撕公爱) A7 B7
胞碎片。 道或隔間 該閉塞、 的效能。 552126 五、發明説明(23 冲洗可由使用者手動執行,或自動地透過使用通 -可釋出生理食鹽水或其他生理相容性溶液在 排斥或其他ϋ子的感應上,其可降低該裝置所要 -種最小化該裝置效能降低之方法,係加入生物相容流 體1—96,例如血液替代品、生理食鹽水、或其他生理相容性 ^合液’其可包含細g靜止劑到該穿過真皮導管的内部。 这些流體將由該穿過真皮導管回沖洗出堵塞的材料,或藉 由插入該則組合體194到該導管中所產生的該流體靜壓, 強迫相鄰於該存取埠的小量細胞碎片到該週遭的細胞外流 體或縫隙的空間中’而協助身體本身的機制來沖洗掉該材 料。其他方法包含加入適當的黏結因子(整合劑、層疊劑、 纖維製劑及其他黏著因子),以加強該存取埠整合到該週遭 的細胞,耦合於使用其他微型裝置,例如MEMS或 MOEMS,其可維持在、閉直到活化。在活化時(基於由該外 部系統經由該BIH組合體之傳輸),在該微型裝置中開啟有 介質窗,造成微型通道,而細胞外的流體可流入。在該微 型裝置内的微米級「刮除器」亦可用來配合沖洗,以移除 碎片’並可存取到缝隙間的流體。額外之方法,例如使用 電力或光子力,或化學製劑,亦可用來將形成該細胞碎片 的帶電的生物分子由該存取埠掃除掉,及/或改善存取埠功 能。所有這些方法可共同應用來提供存取到生物流體做為 監視之用。一閥型結構亦可用來控制該沖洗穿過真皮導管 的生物相容性流體196的量及缺乏性。此閥型的結構可由插 -26- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(24 入該可取代的BIH組合體194到一閥裝置中來產生,其將可 協助控制該加入的生物相容性流體196,以及調整背壓來滲 入生物流體到該生物感測器頭182及該穿過真皮導管172。 為了輔助製造、儲存、現場校準及插入該BIH,一生物相 容性水凝膠或類似的物質可用來塗佈或包覆該BIH組合體 194。該導管172及頭182亦可填充此水凝膠。該水凝膠可 包含防腐劑、抗發炎劑、抗凝結劑、生物活化劑,例如生 長因子、細胞分裂素或其他生物活化劑,及抗菌及抗微生 物劑。一種水凝膠的形式(如選擇胚胎素凝膠、海藻凝膠、 膠原凝膠,或其他生物相容性合成或天然凝膠),其亦可用 來呈現出在一溫度相關形式中為凝膠或液體的性質。特別 是,在室溫下或室溫附近,該材料可具有高黏度,並在性 質上為類凝膠。當提高身體溫度時,該材料成為流體,並 由週遭的組織吸收。 一旦該穿過真皮導管172插入穿過皮膚或外部薄膜,一 BIH平台194可穿過下到該中央核心,並位在該感測器安裝 頭處。插入該BIH組合體194的動作可由一醫師、其他經過 訓練的人或該哺乳動物對象來直接進行,以視需要來取代 或更換該BIH。在插入該BIH組合體194下到該穿過真皮導 管172中,可加入含有抗菌及其他製劑的生物相容液體 196,其係設計具有生物相容性、抗發炎、系統無菌性及增 進生物分子存取到該感測器。此可由具有一小的流體容器 附著到該BIH組合體194並施加一外力來完成,例如人工擠 壓該容器或任何其他沉積液體的裝置,該流體被強迫下到 -27- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
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線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 該穿過真皮導管,並沖洗該導管、頭部組合體及存取埠。 另外,該加入的BIH組合體可具有一中空核心,其為該流體 流過,而過量的流體可穿過該BIH到該週遭的組織,或回到 該導管,其中藉由回流閥,一無菌溶液係保存在該導管及 頭部組合體中。在又另一具體實施例中,其他形式的凝 膠,例如Pluronic F-127,其在室溫下為液體,但在當提 高到體溫時為凝膠,其可用來沖洗該穿過真皮導管172,然 後在凝膠時,提供做為污染的阻障,以及某種程度的該穿 過真皮導管172及頭/感測器組合體182的結構性支撐。再又 另一具體實施例中,該BIH可為一整體零件,或永久安裝在 該導管/頭組合體之内或在該外部上。 在某些應用及具體實施例中,該哺乳動物對象本身的生 物環境,例如對於外來物體或材料的排斥反應,可用來移 除該植入的BIH。也就是說,該BIH可部份或整個由具有在 身體内為有限壽命的材料所構成。在該預測壽命結束時, 一生物相容塗佈將溶解或劣化,而曝露出下方的一非生物 相容性表面。另外,該BIH的組件可包含有材料,如膠原, 其可由身體逐漸吸收。在其他變化中,由天然機制所構成 的排斥、纖維組織成長或其他隔離該BIH的方式,即可透過 該穿過真皮導管172加入來結束在該量測對象内的該BIH的 壽命。 該BIH感測器頭182將發信,或指示所使用的感測器種 類,以及一唯一的識別到該CCM 192。然後該CCM 192可 傳送此資訊回到該DCU,使得該資料流經過分析來得到正 -28- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 確的生理參數,及鏈結到此分析的個體之識別。
1.1.3獨立植入的BIH 一獨立植入的BIH在觀念上類似於前述的侵入式BIH,其 具有關於生物相容性、生物流體取樣等類似的考慮。一個 特徵的差異為該獨立植入的版本並不具有到該CCM之無線 裝置。整個裝置或包裝將由具有資格的人來插入、維護及 移除,例如醫師、有執照的護士或技師。 為了傳送生物感測器資料,該獨立植入的BIH組合體可包 含來自該CCM的必要特徵,以構成與該DCU的通信,或將 具有與其他CCM組合體之無線通信鏈結(其可為表面安 裝)。在前者的狀況下,該裝置的設計將包含該可植入穿過 真皮導管及頭部組合體的特徵,BIH及CCM視為一組合 體。在後者的狀況下,其需要與位在別處的另一個CCM組 合體傳送資料,一些額外的特徵,例如電源、資料通信、 信號處理及信號加密能力,皆建構到該BIH組合體中。該 BIH的可能電源包含電池或反應器(RF)技術。另外,該量 測對象本身的能量,例如運動、内部化學作用,包含ATP 分子、葡萄糖,或其他供應的合成物,或滲透壓,其可供 應必要的能量來提供該植入的BIH之電力。 1.1.4 BIH傳遞系統 不同化合物及材料的傳遞,包含有但不限於:治療劑; 分子級感測裝置或材料;生物活化物質;酵素;蛋白質; 基因治療劑;病毒為主的生物製劑;及/或微型或奈米級裝 置或材料;其亦可使用該BIH在某些具體實施例中完成。這 -29 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(27 ) 些材料及/或裝置可為了許多目的而傳遞,其包含但不限 於:該彳貞測條件的釋放;用於預防治療;及做為活動感測 器、偵測器或其他對於診斷、治療或量測的協助。 要管理的該反應劑、材料、合成物或裝置可儲存在容器 内,或其他在該BIH及/或CCM組合體中的儲存方法。該材 料、化合物及裝置等’可以儲存在生物活化或非活化狀態 中。該儲存形式可包含煙霧劑;壓縮氣體;液體儲存,例 如懸浮液、溶液或凝膠;及或乾燥的儲存形式,例如粉 末,顆粒或薄膜。 在接收到適當的資料及指令時’該CCM將指示釋放一些 部份,例如來自該BIH及/或CCM中儲存的所有或一部份的 材料,用以傳遞到該量測對象的表面或該表面之下。在後 者的狀況下,穿過真皮傳遞系統可包含微型探針,其延伸 到該皮膚或其他外部薄膜中或之下,或利用該穿過真皮導 管及該侵入式BIH組合體的存取埠。在其他具體實施例中, 該儲存區域及/或釋放場所可包含位在建構到該BIH/CCM 組合體的該頭部或外部部份中的特徵之上的場所。該傳遞 場所及機制也可利用微結構,例如MEMS或MOEMS為主的 系統,其整合到該BIH或CCM中,並可具有微型閥、微通 道、埠及開關。 該傳遞機制可包含但不限於:流體汲取;機械式插入; 化學反應,例如產生氣體或壓力來協助傳遞;或電子裝 置’例如電離質輸送。另外,該傳遞裝置可包含在收到來 自該CCM之指令時,由該BIH的區域中移除或溶解保護 -30- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(28 ) 層,而曝露出下方的該生物製劑、材料或裝置。要傳遞的 該生物製劑、材料或裝置可混合於額外的流體或反應劑, 例如水、生理性相容緩衝劑及組成,乙烷硫氧化物或其他 溶劑,以造成活性材料的產生,並由該量測的對象吸收或 攝取該材料、合成物等。一旦加入之後,該傳遞系統可發 信該CCM,來加入該合成物、材料或裝置,或該加入可由 感測器監視,其偵測直接或間接通過生物參數的製劑。 控制及通信模組(CCM) 該CCM為鏈結該BIH與該DCU(資料收集單元)的組合 體。基本上,該CCM接收來自一或多個BIH組合體的資 料,並傳送該資料到該DCU來進一步處理。該CCM亦能夠 接收來自該DCU、另一個CCM或其他通信裝置的資訊或指 令。包含該CCM(硬體或軟體;圖12)的組件可包含但不限 於:來自該BIH組合體的信號接收器,例如電子、聲音或光 子信號,一濾波器來移除外來的信號及/或雜訊,記憶體緩 衝器,類比到數位(A/D)轉換,錯誤診斷及/或修正,信號 加密及識別編碼,電源供應,電源供應控制,接收/傳輸協 定,内部時間基準,及一裝置來傳送該數位化資料到該 DCU,例如電子,像是射頻(RF),聲音或光學傳輸。包含 該CCM的個別組件可根據所使用的感測器形式來改變,來 自該感測器的該信號之形式及強度,該傳輸環境及該DCU 的可用性,或其他傳送及接收資料或資訊的接收裝置。 在使用上,該CCM可採取一多功能晶片組合體的形式來 安裝在一黏結條上,或其他黏著材料,來易於附著到該量 -31 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(29 ) 測的對象上。另外,該CCM可放置到一裝置、一帶子上, 或整合到衣物或服裝中。在一些狀況下’其較佳地是安裝 該CCM於内部,例如侵入式或在一身體凹穴内’藉以最小 化裝置移除,並藉由增加順從性來便於使用。 該CCM可為至少一1C(積體電路)組合體’其可包含以下 的功能在電路板上,其係根據所使用的應用及感測器:A/D 信號轉換,信號濾波,記憶體(快閃RAM/R0M,EEPR0M 或其他裝置來儲存資料)’控制器(包含但不限於CPU處 理,常用微處理器,一次性可程式微處理器(οτρ),多次可 程式微處理器(ΜΤΡ),場域可程式閘極陣列(FPGA),可程 式邏輯控制器(PLC),或其他形式的控制器,其係根據可用 的技術來使用(奈米控制器,光學繼電器或電子陣列)),資 料儲藏,資料傳輸加密,及一唯一的辨識(ID標籤),以及 先前對於CCM所述的功能(例如電源供應,與該DCU之無 線信號傳輸及接收的天線)。這些功能可整合到單一晶片 上,其包含碎、嫁或錯,其係依據可用的技術。其可加入 到一黏著補片或裝置來接受個體的磨損’以最小化尺寸或 體積,並最大化舒適性。 對於該CCM組合體的修正來適用於該植入的感測器平 台,其包含但不限於其能力來加入一生物流體容器,並可 脫離安裝來防止移動該穿過真皮導管及BIH,如果該ccM 或補片會嚴重地刺激或移位。根據該應用,該BIH亦可直接 組裝在該CCM組合體上,藉以降低該產品的成本及大小, 並改善來自BIH的信號接收。 -32- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(30 在運作上,該CCM接收來自該BIH之至少一個信號。該 CCM可透過使用一自動化的增益控制或其他放大裝置來放 大該信號(例如運作放大器)。來自該BIH的接收信號之類比 到數位(A/D)轉換可視需要來執行。其他預處理方法,例如 濾波或信號平均,皆可用來改善該信號雜訊比。所使用之 方法係根據所使用的感測器形式或應用。該預處理亦可包 含錯誤診斷(電子系統診斷、阻抗及其他錯誤診斷協定),以 偵測在該CCM或BIH組合體或應用中的問題,例如通信及/ 或感測器問題,例如一斷線或一内容感測器錯誤。此功能 可保證不會有錯誤資料因為一感測器錯誤或通信中斷/失效 而產生。一錯誤修正演算法亦可加入來增進該量測的信號 品質。 BIH及感測器識別(或ID管理)為該HG系統的一屬性。特 別是,該ID管理功能保證對於所使用之感測器形式可增加 準確性,及對於該量測的對象之適當的資料追蹤與管理。 此亦使得該DCU來選擇性地接收來自已經定址到此DCU的 CCM之資訊。ID管理提供了關於一特定BIH組合體特徵的 資訊,例如該感測器形式或序號到該DCU。此資訊可增進 該資料通信可靠度,及在一密集分佈的應用中量測對象的 識別,例如在一醫院或輔助的生活環境中。 該預處理的信號係由該CCM傳送到該DCU。此傳輸可使 用獨特的加密演算法來加密,以保護該資料及允許傳輸安 全,特別是當多個CCM、DCU或兩者係用來傳遞該資訊。 再者,該傳輸協定可包含元件,例如不同的頻率、調變, -33- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
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例如跳頻展頻(FHSS),直接序列展頻(DSSS),時序,握手 協定,例如檢查總數。該傳輸可為單向或雙向,其係根據 處理的資料或資訊到該哺乳動物對象的反饋。該CCM可包 含硬體’以造成來自一或多個BIH,CCM或DCU組合體之 信號的傳輸及接收。 該CCM可包含一時間基準,例如一内部時脈,其係對於 那些應用中需要量測的資料來基於一時間(相對或絕對)或時 間到期來關連的量測資料。此對於許多醫療應用很重要, 例如ECG或心跳量測。此外,其可基於一特定量測事件的 發生頻率或當發生一量測的事件之絕對時間來辅助其資料 分析。其進一步可保證正確的通信時序,其為監視生理參 數所必須。 一電源供應為該BIH及CCM組合體的運作要素。其較佳 地是整合到該CCM組合體。其可在如果存在有電源需求時 來供應BIH的電力,例如MEMS頭組合體或活動的感測 器。兩種可能的解決方案為一電池或一反應器電路,其係 由一電磁場所供電,例如感應性或電容性充電。 一功率控制功能可保證適當的功能,而可最佳化功率消 耗。其包含一啟動機制,其可控制功率傳遞到該電路,並 藉以啟始在一關閉電源階段之後的第一次量測,並亦可包 含低功率(休眠)設定來延長該裝置使用。該系統可包含多個 電源,以延長該裝置使用,例如電池及電池的感應式充 電。該功率控制功能將管理該多重電源組態。 一反饋裝置可提供簡單的使用者資訊。例如此可為一發 -34- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明 32 光二極體(LED)、壓電傳啤器,或―機械式振動器 其可用來代表是否一量測已經成功地完成,或是否已=生 一錯誤。此外,一警報/反饋機制可用於那些狀況中已經超 過關鍵的臨界參數,例如溫度。此警報/反饋系統將使用該 顯示器(如果存在的話),及該反饋裝置(如果存在的話)。 該CCM亦可在某些狀況下包含顯示正在傳送的資料之裝 置,例如一彈性或堅硬的可見式顯示器,例如一液晶顯不 器(LCD)、有機發光二極體顯示器(〇LED)、磁性反應式聚 合物顯示器(例如電子鏈結),被動或主動比色或彩色為主的 警報顯示器。該顯示器單元可安裝到該CCM上。另外’該 CCM可安裝一簡單的聲音警報或警示。 資料收集單元(DCU) 該資料收集單元(圖13)可質問該CCM,並接收來自一或 多個CCM的信號。該DCU可轉換該接收的信號到一種形式 中,其可由該DCU控制系統來處理,例如一微控制器。該 DCU係要具有比該CCM更為昂貴的資料處理裝置。因此’ 此可允許更為複雜的信號處理及分析。此功能可改進所接 收信號的分析,並可構成自其他應用所接收的資料管理° 該結果可經由一通信網路傳送到一遠距資料庫管理系統’ 例如一細胞式電話網路或網際網路。藉由此方法’該資料 可遠距地收集、分析及總結。然後該處理的資料即提供給 其他人,例如一量測的對象、臨床醫師(醫生)、或授權的第 三方。該接收方亦可使用相同的通信網路來傳送回到該量 測的對象或其他授權的第三方。此可使得該量測的對象及 -35-
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線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 臨床醫師來遠距地傳送由檢視處理的資料所得到的診斷知 識及/或動作。 該裝置的用途需要該DCU具有一些屬性。這些包含但不 限於:該能力來與該CCM傳送或接收資料流,係傳送這些 資料到次級的分析場所,其使用的裝置為透過網際網路通 信為主的系統之鏈結,細胞式電話為主的通信裝置,個人 文數字型的傳呼網路,或用來接收及分析這種資料流的硬 體連線直接通信系統。此外,該DCU亦可具有一使用者輸 入裝置,例如一鍵盤、觸控螢幕,以及一顯示器或致動 器,例如一鳴叫器,以做為一使用者介面。該DCU的電源 供應可為活動,例如一可充電電池,或其可繞線組,例如 其可為壁掛式的DCU單元。 因此,該DCU的一種形式為一附加模組,其位在其内, 或另連接到一預先存在的通信裝置,例如手持式細胞式電 話及PDA。 因為傳送到該DCU的信號較弱,該DCU可直接由電線連 接,或以其他裝置直接連接到該CCM。另外,該DCU可在 實體上隔離於CCM,並由這種裝置接收該信號,但並不限 於電子、光子或機械性(例如聲學)產生的信號。該HG系統 係整體收集一段時間中更多的資料及量測,其可改善對於 該哺乳動物對象的診斷知識。 該遠距資料庫管理系統將在即時的環境中儲存、分析及 總結該收集的資料。慣例性演算法及中性分析將可用於解 譯該收集的資料,其具有量測的對象或臨床醫師控制的可 -36- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明( 顧客化的變數。此分析將可總結,並可用於該量測的對象 及/或臨床醫師,其自動地在一系統中郵寄該資料,其將顯 示成例如網頁為主的入口網站,或傳送該總結的資料到該 臨床醫師及/或量測的對象,此傳輸可為一經由無線通信系 統,一地面為主的系統,例如打電話或傳真,或列印及傳 遞到該實體位置,例如美國郵遞,或其他郵件傳遞系統。 該資料可由該DCU轉移到一資料管理系統,其可進一步 分析該收集及傳送的信號/資料。該HG系統與其連續監視的 好處之一可允許建立個人基準線量測的生物參數,以及包 含並相較於一較大的生物資訊資料庫。此可進行辨識個人 的變化或異常,以及識別人口趨勢。此係對比於目前具有 短暫或定期量測在進行之方法,例如每天或每週一次,其 較不可能來偵測變化或異常。 資料收發 對於BIH與CCM,以及CCM與DCU之間的連接,傳輸協 定定義了資料如何傳送(圖11-13)。它們保證了不同的 BIH、CCM及DCU模型之相容性,及高的系統可靠度。該 傳輸協定係根據該應用而複雜度並不相同。舉例而言,在 一打線連接的BIH-CCM鏈結的例子中一較佳具體實施例, 其將為一傳輸協定做為在定義的間隔中之類比電阻信號。 如果使用一無線傳輸,該傳輸協定將更為複雜。另一個因 素為其對於該傳輸協定有影響,即為該傳輸單向或雙向。 雙向傳輸允許類似電子握手協定的某些特徵,但需要更多 的硬體及能量資源。 -37- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7
義包含該資料連接的物理特性(例如灯或 ”=、調變形式)。再者,該資料轉移機制可以ί =° ι含同步化及握手協定機制,以及重覆速率。‘ 2的資料結構可Μ可以轉移㈣·。基本上= 料係組織成區塊或封包, 〜貝 送。舉例而言,一協定V:“指定的間隔來重覆地傳 ,-,. 了疋義一傳輸區塊,其構成為同+ 位兀、包含m資訊的位址欄位、包含由該CCM產生來2 人的㈣之資料欄位,及允許在賴收11末端測試Ϊ 料王口 的-檢查總數欄位。該資料區塊變數的長度可以 改變。此將可用於最小化功率消耗及最大化裝置壽命。 對於雙向傳輸,一電子握手協定在當接收器表示已成功 接收貝料時g卩為可能。如果鋪手信號代表該資料並未正 ,地接收,該傳送器單元可重新傳送。如果僅有該信號的 單向:輸’其較佳地是傳送該資料信號超過一次,藉以增 加該信號接收的可能性。 曰 次如果—系統係設計來具有多重裝置使用單向傳輸來傳送 貝料4多個接收器,其較佳地是對於該傳送裝置使用 不同的重覆頻率。因此,其更有可能的是該傳送裝置不會 彼此干擾。此問題對於雙向傳輸不會發生,因為該傳送裝 置僅在請求時才傳送。 對於吊用的或可用的協定(如(3SM、藍芽或IP),其可根 據該應用、裝置、環境狀況(如高雜訊或信號干擾)及傳輸需 求來使用。 基於以上考量及先前段落中所述,在該CCM與DCU之間 -38- 本紙張尺度適财S g家標準(CNS) Μ規格(2lG χ 297公爱)
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552126 A7 B7 五、 發明説明( 的無線通訊之較佳具體實施例係為由RF使用一跳頻展頻信 號,其利用無線的醫療波段頻率,如609到6 13或1390到 1395 MHz之間。該通信的裝置將為雙向,並在該傳送器與 接收器之間使用電子握手協定。該通信協定將由包含四個 段落的資訊封包所構成:一標題段落:一 64位元的位址段 落(因此該裝置識別具有264個可能的數字組合);一加密的 資料段落(使用基於該位址段落ID的演算法來加密);及一 檢查總數或錯誤修正段落。 在一 BIH組合體及一 CCM組合體之間的無線通信之較佳 具體實施例將類似於上述的較佳具體實施例,以描述一 CCM及DCU單元之間的通信。相反地,在一DCU與較高階 系統之間的資料交換將使用既存的通信協定,特別是關於 資料加密。在此例中,一較佳的加密方式為基於在信號傳 輸的SSL層之既有的128位元TCP/IP為主的加密。 範例 該HG的使用及應用包含使用包含生理參數的量測,其並 不限於溫度、血壓、心跳率、呼吸、電子量測(如EKG或 ECG)、pH、C〇2、p〇2、生化基底(如葡萄糖氧化酵素、 磷酸酵素、維他命、天冬甜素精、荷爾蒙位準等)、輻射及 磁性旋轉狀態。該參數可為生理事件的有用指標,例如排 卵,或代表異常的生理事件,例如微生物感染、心臟病或 糖尿病發作。 雖然以下的範例代表了使用該HG系統可應用的形式,其 並不代表來限制本發明的範圍。本技藝之專業人士可瞭解 -39- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
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線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(37 到可使用該HG系統的許多應用,且不會有不適當的實驗, 其可使用不同的感測器來調整到每個場合所需要的應用。 使用該HG來監視病人的溫度變化 圖14所示為一 HG用來量測在該表皮層的表面或在該真皮 層中次表面處的溫度變化。對於在該表面處的溫度量測, 該CCM 204及BIH 202係整合成單一單元,其中該BIH係 與該CCM直接通信。其包含有一電源208及傳送器210,其 中所有的組件係安裝在一適當的基板2 12上,並使用一黏著 補片214來附著於該哺乳動物對象。該BIH包含量測溫度變 化之感測器206,並可包含許多種溫度感測器之一。表面溫 度感測器之一較佳的具體實施例為電熱調節器,其為小型 化的半導體為主的裝置,其能夠對於極端的環境狀況具有 高敏感性及阻抗。電熱調節器為商業上立即可用的產品(如 Precision Engineering 、 RTI Electronics 公司 、 Wuntronic公司及其他NTC及PTC電熱調節器的製造商), 其可顧客化調整到許多不同的應用。溫度感測器可放置在 外部的身體表面,其包含胸部、腋下、四肢及其他身體表 面,以及在凹穴内,例如該鼻咽空氣道、口腔凹穴,及在 靠近該鼓膜中的耳管中(Exacon公司的D-TM 1感測器)。其 他適當的溫度感測器之範例包含金屬線(如鉑)阻抗式溫度感 測器、熱電偶、半導體p/n接面,以及其他的矽為主的二極 體溫度感測器,及帶隙為主的感測器。溫度敏感的材料, 例如液晶,其亦可用於對於溫度改變成正比的物理性質之 可偵測的改變。另外,溫度感測器可微針頭,或穿過該真 -40- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(38 皮的其他材料,以更為準確地量測該量測對象的溫度 (Exacon公司的DN1205及D-F1350A)。在此例中的溫度將 可由電熱調節器或其他在該針頭内的量測器來進行量測, 例如藉由導熱材料來傳導該内部溫度回到該表面,例如具 有高熱量轉移性的導電金屬或有機材料。在溫度感測器206 中的變化係自動地傳送到該CCM 204,其自動地傳遞該資 料流到一位在一個人身上的遠距DCU單元,或到鄰近的一 收集站。 加入到一連續監視的HG系統的溫度感測器之應用例可見 於監視一排卵事件。可偵測的生理變化,例如溫度,係發 生在卵由子宮釋出到該輸卵管的絨毛中,而最終到子宮 内。該排出卵的受精必須發生在該排卵事件的一狹窄範圍 (24小時),而構成能夠成功受精事件的交配時間。雖然可 以偵測,該溫度變化相對於基礎體溫相當微小。因此,建 立一準確的基準線溫度為成功預測排卵的關鍵因素。因為 基礎體溫在本質上為全天的,此需要在一天當中重覆地溫 度監視,藉以得到準確的基準線數值。該HG將連續地收集 資料,並建立一段時間内的準確基準線數值。相較於該基 準線數值的溫度升高代表開始排卵。在偵測到上升時,該 資料收集單元將透過不同的通信系統來警告病人,其包含 但不限於一遠距傳呼系統、電信通道、電子郵件或其他網 際網路鏈結、語音信箱鏈結、透過該病人的照顧者或其他 形式的通信通道。 為了得到可重覆的核心溫度讀數,很重要地是選擇放置 -41 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五、 發明説明( 該感測器系統的適當場所。一個這樣的位置將為該裝置的 子宮内或陰道内放置。在此狀況下,該BIH/CCM組合體可 包裝成生物相容性膠囊或其他不會刺激形狀的形式,其可 黏著於該表面,透過機械式,如黏著劑、微型細絲或掛 鉤,或由一實體放置所夾持,例如做為一較大的迴圈或插 入裝置的一部份。在這種形式中,該BIH在那些溫度感測器 之外可安裝額外的感測器,其包含感測器來偵測循環荷爾 蒙,例如黃體素荷爾蒙、濾、泡模擬荷爾蒙、黃體激素、雌 激素或其代謝物,或其他傳送到該再生區域中的生物分 子,其將做為濾泡狀態的指示器。 一般而言,監視溫度的改變對於其他生理狀況亦很重 要,包含短期感染狀態的早期指示(通常溫度會升高)、休克 的跡象(通常溫度會降低)、對於治療方法不適應而造成局部 的溫度變化(糖尿病、高血壓),或溫度的長期性變異或偏 移,其為疾病的指示器(如動脈硬化),其不容易由目前的診 斷方法來偵測。此外,監視溫度為一種研究程序,且為監 視病人生命跡象之狀況所必須,例如對於一早產兒、嬰 兒、看護小孩、年長的病人或醫院的環境中。 H G之監視溫度變化的獸醫應用 監視溫度改變不僅對於人類重要,同樣也對於獸醫領域 很重要。溫度升高通常代表有感染,並可為一重要的指標 來停止散佈一傳染性疾病。一種會降低乳牛之乳產量之媒 介為口蹄疫。來自一裝置的資訊可偵測溫度中的變化,其 可傳遞到一資料收集單元。該資料經過分析,其允許一畜 -42- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(40 ) 牧者透過指定到附著於該動物的BIH/CCM裝置的一唯一 ID 來辨識該個體,並防止在其透過畜群散佈之前來隔離該傳 染性的動物。根據該動物的大小,該裝置不需要小型化, 而不需要龐大的工程。該裝置亦可監視其他的生物參數, 例如包含那些關於一般性健康狀況、再生性狀態、營養狀 態或活動力。 其他的獸醫應用包含使用該裝置來在進行實驗期間監視 實驗室的動物,藉以簡化重要的生理參數之量測,其代表 該治療或其他形式的處理之有效性或無效性。舉例而言, 實驗室的老鼠可裝置一BIH/CCM組合體,並以一連續或定 期的方式來監視生命跡象,例如溫度、呼吸、心跳及其他 生理參數。來自數個實驗室老鼠的BIH/CCM組合體可傳送 到一個DCU。傳送到一個DCU之BIH/CCM組合體之量可 為沒有限制,因為該加密及資料識別傳輸,以及所使用的 握手協定。然後該DCU可由複數個BIH/CCM組合體傳送資 料到一遠距資料庫管理系統,用於進一步分析及總結該資 料。此有可能簡化該資料收集處理,允許在短時間内進行 更多的實驗,而不需要處理動物。 使用HG來監視皮膚表面上的生理參數 額外的生理參數可在該表面處使用上述的技術來量測, 藉由利用其他適當應用的感測器來取代該溫度感測器裝 置。此範例包含心5^(壓力偵測器、應變計、光學表面張 力、電子輸出或其他技術)、呼吸(壓力偵測器、光學表面張 力、應變計、電子輸出或其他技術)、心電圖量測(Ag/AgCl -43- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ·; 裝 訂
線 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(41 電極;其他技術)、表面pH值(某種電極)、氧氣消耗(克拉 克電極、〇2的部份壓力、螢光淬火),及其他生理參數。其 他表面監視包含感應化學及生物元素,例如透過糖尿病人 皮膚之非侵入式葡萄糖監視。 使用HG來監視病人的生命跡象 除了監視一單一生理參數,可加入多個感測器到該相同 的BIH上,以允許同時來量測多個參數。這些多重參數可使 用一或多個BIH組合體來量測,其將包含可適用於該應用的 一或多個感測器,例如壓力感測器來決定HR,及微懸臂梁 來感應由皮膚釋放的鉀,量測及傳送該收集的數值到該 CCM,其將會過濾及結合該資料,並傳送到該DCU。然後 該DCU將完成該信號處理,並解譯(計算)該信號成為適當 的應用特定格式,例如心跳率,或使用此資料來推斷或估 計一健康參數,其係高度關連於該量測的數值,例如每天 的卡路里消耗。此可建立連續地監視該量測對象的生命跡 象,例如心跳率、呼吸率、鉀的排出,同時在一醫院狀況 以及在非臥床狀況下來使用。使用該HG在生命跡象監視上 的例子可見於嬰兒,其對於早產兒易於感染的嬰兒悴死症 (SIDS),可裝有一或多個BIH/CCM組合體,其包含感測器 來監視血壓、呼吸、氧氣消耗、心跳、ECG及溫度。該單 元可小型化來降低被病人移除或排斥的風險,以及降低會 對於較小的病人造成問題的表面區域變化性。此外,該單 元係絕熱,以降低多變的週遭環境溫度之影響,例如一孵 蛋器中的環境,其可對病人的溫度有影響。在該BIH上的感 -44 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(42 測器可直接通信於該CCM,或可無線地通信於該CCM,例 如經由射頻或遙測數據的其他方式。該CCM與該BIH的無 線連接可驗證感測器的好處,其需要多個位置來正確地決 定生理數值。該CCM傳送由該BIH上的多個感測器所產生 的資料流到該DCU。該DCU可收集充份的資料點來產生可 靠的目前數值,並亦監視該病人的狀況,使得在觸發一預 定數值時,由該DCU上載資訊到該遠距資料分析系統,使 其可警告醫師,如果一量測的參數超出了一預設的範圍。 此醫師警告可經由既有的電信系統來提供,或利用與該HG 之無線資料通信系統。 該多重感測器系統之另一個用途係要監視多個參數,當 其組合時可在統計上關連於一疾病或健康維護因素。這種 具體實施例係用於溫度、心跳率、呼吸速率及鉀排出穿過 真皮,藉以得到仟卡路里消耗的評估。此可視為一種方法 來較佳地管理整體健康,以量測能量消耗,而可更為精確 地協調節食及重量。溫度感測器包含電熱調節器、金屬線 (例如鉑)阻抗溫度感測器,熱電偶、半導體p/n接面,以及 其他矽為主的二極體溫度感測器,及帶隙為主的感測器。 呼吸率可由胸腔擴張來監視,並使用例如應變計的感測 器,包含那些基於惠斯頓電橋阻抗變化量測、壓力換能 器,或環繞胸部磨損的帶,其耦合於應變計,以評估胸腔 擴張。適當的離子特定微電極或相關的感測器裝置可量測 钾排出量。當結合時,這些量測的輪廓代表能量消耗,並 耦合於其他病人的特定參數,例如重量,其將描述仟卡路 -45- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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552126 A7
五、發明説明(43 ) B7 里之消耗。 使用HG對病人進行非侵入式血壓監視 除了在一單一 BIH上監視一多個參數,不同形式的生理參 數可間接地決定(關連的)’或由位在該量測的對象上複數個 非侵入式或侵入式BIH/CCM組合體得到的數值來計算,並 使用預設的變數,例如在該參數的計算/關連中的距離、時 間或位置。 一多個非侵入式BIH/CCM應用的範例將為血壓的計算。 該血壓將可由DCU使用由兩個或多個BIH/CCM組合體所得 到的量測資料來計算,其具有前述的一或多個感測器,以 量測該生理參數(即心跳可由一壓力換能器感測器來量測)。 此非侵入式系統對於目前的臨床醫師及病人特別有用,因 為一普遍的狀況,其稱之為該「白色塗佈」效應。此狀況 可由許多目前的病人經歷到,由於在其醫師設施中的焦 慮,造成於該醫師的設施中心跳及血壓會升高。因此,許 多病人會因為高血壓而誤診斷,或需要來回到照顧者設施 許多次來驗正該醫師的診斷。藉由使得醫師可遠距地、自 動地及連續地監視該病人的血壓,其將能夠較佳地診斷出 高血壓的存在,並依此來採取必要的診斷動作。 血壓可在DCU中計算,藉由在一設定的距離或位置處在 該量測的對象上放置兩個BIH/CCM組合體。藉由在該量測 的對象上放置至少兩個裝置,其以一設定的距離隔開,然 後量測來自兩裝置的心SM:心臟舒張),然後傳 送此資料及每個量測的數值之一時間基準到該DCU。然後 -46- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(^ ) 44 輸入到該DCU其他該量測的對象之相關變數,可計算出血 壓。那些輸入的數值可包含該量測對象的性別、重量、高 度、年齡及種族。 除了提供該血壓值,此應用亦可使得醫師及病人來監視 病人服從性到所進行的治療,或由該醫師來建議。藉由在 一遠距連續環境中直接量測或計算參數,可偵測到行為及/ 或服從性中的改變。高血壓基本上係由一治療藥物來治 療,其必須在醫師指定的間隔來對病人採取,例如每8個小 時,如果該病人未採用該藥物,該症狀可重新出現,即血 壓升高。此技術的應用將使得偵測到非服從性及提醒者來 服用其藥物。該HG的特徵做為一服從性監視,其可應用到 大多數所想到的應用,其包含該非侵入式及侵入式應用。 使用該HG來監視病人的血液參數 一HG可設定來量測血液的多種生理參數。一侵入式BIH 組合體即植入到該病人中,其由感測器構成,其監視氧氣 位準、二氧化碳、壓力、pH及其他生理參數,其在存取病 人健康及狀況中非常重要。該BIH組合體本身具有一針頭, 其設計來自我插入到一血管化隔間,例如一血管。該BIH組 合體亦可插入到該病人中,其藉助於一外科設備,其造成 一小切口,並導引該BIH組合體到該病人中,例如一套針或 其他外科儀器。此外,外科植入技術將可用來植入,其可 深入地嵌入到該病人寄主(即在該皮下組織/皮下層之下)。 其基本上在插入到該病人中時所有可植入的裝置為無菌。 該BIH組合體可包含一沖洗系統,設計來減少外傷,及該 -47- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(45 BIH組合體黏著到週遭組織上。此生物流體系統將包含生理 溶液,例如食鹽水,並亦可包含抗菌、抗真菌、抗微生 物,或其他化合物,其設計來抑制造成感染的有機體之生 長。該生物流體系統亦可包含抗發炎劑,以及其他製劑來 局部地抑制環繞該BIH組合體的免疫系統,以降低排斥事 件,並增加該感測器單元的壽命。 在插入該BIH組合體之後,該組合體係黏著到具有特殊化 的黏著生物相容性材料的皮膚上(穿過真皮補片),其允許該 穿過真皮導管的通風,而可維持該組合體的無菌。該穿過 真皮的補片可包含微多孔性尼龍、熱塑性微纖維、聚丙 烯,其他聚合物或其他微多孔性薄膜,其形成一對抗外來 液體的阻障,另可產生水蒸氣,即汗水及其他體液,以自 由地流動通過該編織物。該織物亦必須隔離外部狀況來影 響到該感測器的功能,例如溫度、壓力及部份的02壓力, 及其他受到極端環境狀況所影響的生理參數。該BIH組合體 可直接經由尼龍帶、細絲或金屬線連接來通信於該CCM組 合體,或經由RF來無線地通信,或任何其他遙測數據技 術,而連續地由該BIH感測器傳送資料到該DCU。為了降 低在該感測器上該感測器的吸收和生物材料的添加物的風 險,其將妨礙效能,該生物流體系統可自動地沖洗該生物 取樣存取點區域,其係在偵測到建立或黏結材料到該感測 器頭上或在定義的時間區隔。另外,該區域可在該生物感 測器組件來人工沖洗或取代。該生物材料建構的偵測可為 通過感測器,其感測壓力中的改變,或該環境的光學清晰 -48- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 裝 訂
552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(46 ) 度,其緊密環繞於該感測器,或藉由任何其他裝置來偵測 到生物材料的添加物而妨礙感測能力。該穿過真皮導管切 口區域亦可人工地定期沖洗,以降低在該感測器本身上的 生物材料的黏著性。 來自該植入的BIH感測器之信號輸出的資料收集與分析將 根據該感演丨器的植入深度。皮下植入可傳送資料到該 CCM,其直接透過尼龍帶、細絲或絕緣的金屬線連接,或 在任何其他遙測數據技術之RF的無線通信。低於該皮下層 的植入到底部的有機體,其可需要無線的遙測數據來傳送 感測器資料到該CCM或DCU。此無線傳輸可為電性(RF)或 聲學。 使用該HG來量測病人的葡萄糖,果糖及血紅素lac位準 該H G可設置來量測糖尿病人的葡萄糖,果糖及血紅素 lac位準。決定這三個元素的準確位準為達到糖尿病人之新 陳代謝控制之關鍵,藉以避免氫或血糖的狀況。對於葡萄 糖位準的特定知識允許糖尿病人來自我調整運動,節食及 胰島素治療,其為避免負面的醫療狀況的關鍵狀況。傳統 之監視葡萄糖位準之方法包含多重血液取樣,經由豎起手 指或其他裝置,並經由葡萄糖氧化酵素/過氧化酵素比色反 應來量測葡萄糖位準。 其已經發展出量測葡萄糖位準之非侵入式之方法,其包 含使用反向離子植入來量測葡萄糖位準,由有縫隙的流體 之葡萄糖的萃取,並使用該紅外雷射來量測流體中的葡萄 糖之位準。葡萄糖感測器方法可加入到該HG的該BIH組合 -49- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7
體,用於連續的葡萄糖監視。藉此,更精確的基準線量 測,其可利用由不同的感測器系統來自動下载資訊來得 到。預纽定的感測器位準可警告病人其水性或血糖位準 來通過不同的電信通道,其包含一遠距傳呼系統,電信通 道,電子郵件或其他的網際網路鏈結,語音郵件鏈結,透 過該病人的照顧提供者,或其他形式的通信通道。 更精細的感測器亦可使用,其可提供更為準確的量測, 其比利用非侵入式葡萄糖監視系統所能夠達到的要準確。 一具有葡萄糖氧化效素之可植入的感測器在該BIH感測器之 尖端,其將可透過一比色反應來偵測葡萄糖,其類似於其 可利用目前手持式葡萄糖監視器而能得到。此外,其他感 測器糸統’例如電子偵測’電位 >(貞測,或任何一種偵測方 法,其可配合於該BIH葡萄糖感測頭來使用。舉例而言,沉 積葡萄糖氧化酵素在自我組裝的聚比囉膜,其將允許透過 一電子轉移反應來ΐ測葡萄糖位準,允許位準來根據該薄 膜的相對導電性來決定(Ram等人,1999年)。自我校準結 構(微通道、水泡、微隔間)可加入到該石夕晶圓微結構,允許 自動校準該感測係在整天的設定間隔β 使用該HG來量測藥品或小生物分子 藥物及其他小的生物分子可使用上述的技術來在該表面 處監視,而根據應用來利用其他適當的感測器來取代在該 ΒΙΗ上的侵入式葡萄糖感測器。(此感測亦可利用在口腔的 應用中)。藥物監視可用於比較在病人中活的有機體内合成 物之不同位準的藥物治療處方的有效性。藥物監視亦克服 -50- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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線 552126
了在個體之間的潛在多形態差異,其會造成由於藥物新陳 代謝酵素活動之差異而對病人施用過多或過少的劑量。所 使用的藥物感測器將包含特定的抗體承載感測器,在不同 藥物合成物之新陳代謝中特定的酵素(細胞色素p-450璉素 等),及其他用於偵測及量測治療處方合成物之技術。感測 器亦可監視藥物追蹤器,其為醫藥製造商例行地包含在治 療方案中。使用追蹤器來監視在身體中處方藥物的存在, 可協助決定治療的相容性或有效性,以及辨識出病人在使 用時可能有害的處方。 裝 訂
監視不法藥物存在的感測器亦可加入到一BIH中。對於此 應用很重要的感測器包含監視古柯鹼、海洛因、大麻、安 非他命,及其他非法的合成物,其會需要經常性地監視。 在一個體中偵測到任何非法的合成物,將會自動通知適當 的執法機關。此外,酒精濃度可使用由每個州法律所決定 的預設濃度來監視。如果酒精濃度升高到超過這些預設程 度時,將會觸發一個警告,藉此將會自動地通知適當的機 構。對於同時偵測非法合成物及法定的酒精濃度,一反饋 迴路也可自動地分析汽車的操作,防止個人來操作連接到 上列任何電信系統之汽車。 使用該HG來監視血清蛋白質及微有機體 該HG亦可設置來量測血清蛋白質位準。舉例而言,粉瘤 標圮之位準,例如尚濃度脂蛋白,低密度脂蛋白或脂蛋白_ a,其可量測附著於該感測器頭之抗體。肖抗體可附著到微 懸臂梁結構,並經由光學或電位計方法來偵測,如美國專 -51 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)八4規^(21〇 X 297公爱了 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(49 ) 利編號5,445,008及6,016,686,其在此引用做為參考。該 特定血清蛋白結合到該抗體,其亦可透過比色或電化學調 解的反應來偵測。其他本技藝之專業人士之方法係要在此 引用做為參考,並可配合此處所述之方法來使用。 除了量測血液中的血清脂蛋白,微有機體,例如沙門氏 菌、E. coli、鏈球菌、衣原體(包含C.沙眼及C.肺炎)、假 單細胞有機體、該愛滋病毒及其他微有機體,其可經由抗 體、酵素中介的偵測感測器或任何其他微有機體偵測技術 來偵測。最重要的是在醫院狀況中監視醫院的感染。一BIH 感測器頭可設置來不僅包含生命跡象量測,但亦偵測病人 樣本中的感染有機體。該感測器可放置在一可植入的平 台,如上所述,但亦在針頭、導管、呼吸植入或任何其他 用於醫院設定中的植入。該感測器可使用遙測數據技術來 查詢,以連續地監視該感染有機體的存在,或直接透過導 電裝置來鏈結到該BIR。該BIH亦可置於裝置或設備中,其 相鄰於該病人來偵測正插入/注射到該病人的材料種類,例 如靜脈泵及機制,呼吸裝置,洗腎系統,血液取樣系統及 裝置,流體排出阻礙裝置,例如床板、尿液樣本、唾液樣 本,口腔取樣裝置及系統,例如棉花棒、壓舌器、鼻分泌 物收集裝置,例如球狀物等。 該BIH感測器,經由一子宮或陰道植入裝置,其亦可量測 子宮或陰道感染的發生,例如酵母(真菌)感染,人刺瘤病 毒,癌療病毒,性傳染媒介,或其他子宮或陰道感染。舉 例而言,酵母感染可透過偵測特定的媒介來監視,例如假 -52- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5〇 ) 絲酵母白化菌,藉由抗體中介的偵測、酵素偵測或其他用 來定期偵測假絲酵母白化菌感染的裝置。此外,亦可加入 監視pH位準之第二感測器。pH位準係代表假絲酵母生長的 理想環鏡,中會降低該陰道環境中的酸性,降低假絲酵母 生長的抑制,並轉換該微生物由一類酵母成為一侵入式真 菌菌絲形式。早期的偵測在生理參數中的變化,或微生物 媒介的存在,為防治及治療疾病狀態的要素,包含慢性疲 勞併發症。 使用HG來做口腔量測 嘴巴為較不常使用生物參數量測的地方,但可提供許多 明顯的好處,包含其可以存取到體液,並監視呼出的氣 體。在某些狀況下,這些可做為侵入式技術的其他方式量 測。藉由適當的感測器,例如一微懸臂梁MEMS系統,其 有可能來量測在唾液中酮或乙搭的含量,因此可計測飲食/ 營養狀態(例如新陳代謝飲食不良),或是做為在社交場合中 呼氣接受度的目的。在其他應用中,曝露於化學或生物衝 突媒介可由放置適當的感測器系統到口中的凹穴來評定, 例如量測氧氣消耗的體積(或氧氣的部份壓力,或其他氣 體,例如氰化物、路易士毒器或特定的毒氣或媒介)。此 外,一口腔裝置可用來保證對於一治療處方的服從性,其 藉由分析在該標記者的嘴中所呼出的氣體或液體,或其他 化學物或生物元素,其將關連於在該量測的對象中該治療 劑的濃度。 在使用中,一 BIH/CCM系統可固定於該牙齒之外側表 -53- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126 A7 B7 五 發明説明(51 面。另外,一組合的BIH/CCM可放置或位於牙齒之間,並 夾在牙線或其他類似形式之裝置的位置。 使用HG來量測其他生理參數 在先前範例中所未考慮到的其他生理參數的量測可使用 以上的系統加入適當的感測器到該HG中來完成。例如,其 可立即想到本技藝之專業人士如何利用一HG系統來在選擇 的環境中藉由放置一聲學感測器/傳送器BIH組合體在耳朵 中來增強聽力,而做為一耳蝸植入,並利用該CCM來傳送 代表可聽到的聲音之資料到耳朵中。此外,其將可瞭解到 本發明可使用其他技術來實施,其中包含由該感測器平台 直接數位化讀出信號輸出,以及其他本技藝專業人士所已 知的技術。所有這些變化及修正皆係位於此專利所主張的 發明範圍之内。 -54- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 552126 六、申請專利範園 1 · -種,於遠距地監視_哺乳動物對象的生理參數之方 法,藉此由附著於該哺乳動物對象的感測器所得到的資 訊係由—通信裝置傳送到-遠距資料庫管理线,並總 結來提供反制該哺乳動物對象或其他被授權的人,其 包含以下步驟·· a·提供至少一個生物介面頭附著到該哺乳動物對象, 該生物介面頭包含至少一個感測器用於量測生理參數; b·該生物介面頭與附著到該哺乳動物對象的至少一控 制及通彳言模組通信; c.由該生物介面頭傳送資料到至少一控制及通信模 組; d ·由該至少一控制及通信模組來處理該資料; e·經由一無線裝置傳送該處理的資料到至少一資料收 集單元; f.傳送由該至少一資料收集單元接收的資料到一遠距 資料庫管理系統; g·由該遠距資料庫管理系統來總結該資料;及 h·經由一通信裝置提供該總結的資料之反饋到該哺乳 動物對象或其他被授權的個人。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,進一步包含由該遠距資料 庫管理系統傳送控制指令到該資料收集單元之步驟。 3·如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,進一步包含由該資料收集 單元傳送控制指令到該控制及通信模組之步驟。 4·如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該控制指令係由該控 -55- 本紙張尺度適用中國®家鮮(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 552126制及通信模組傳送到該生物介面頭,使得由該生物介面 頭釋出治療劑。 5·如申請專利範圍第2或3項之方法,其中該控制指令導引 一視覺或聽覺信號到該哺乳動物對象。 6·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中來自該生物介面頭之 資料係由該控制及通信模組連續地接收。 •如申凊專利範圍第1項之方法,其中來自該通信及控制模 組之資料係連續地由該資料收集單元所接收。 8.如申請專利範圍第㈣之方法,其中來自該生物介面頭之 資料係由該控制及通信模組定期地接收。 如申响專利範圍第1項之方法,其中來自該通信及控制模 組之資料係定期地由該資料收集單元所接收。 如申π專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該控制及通信模組調 整自該生物介面頭接收的該傳送資料。 η· 申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該控制及通信模組加 抢自該生物介面頭接收的該傳送資料。 α如申請專利範圍第巧之方法,其中該控制及通信模組編 碉自該生物介面頭接收的該傳送資料。 申明專利犯圍第1項之方法,其中該生物介面頭係安裝 到該哺乳動物之身體表面。 如甲請專利範圍第丨項之方法,丹甲] 植入,或在該哺乳動物對象之身體内。 如申請專利範圍第13或14頂+ +丄 乂么企 項之方法,其中該生物Τ 係m質附著到該控制及通信模組。裝 14. 15. -56 -552126 申請專利範園 如申凊專利Ιέ I[第13或14項之方法,其中該生物介面頭 並未具質附著於該控制及通信模組,而該生物介面頭經 由無奴裝置通信於該控制及通信模組。 如申明專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該控制及通信模組序 列地傳送資料到一或多個位於遠處的控制及通信模組。 如申清專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該控制及通信模組序 列地傳送資料到一或多個資料收集單元。 19·如申請專利範圍第W之方法,其中該控制及通信模組傳 送身料到至少兩個資料收集單元。 • ^申凊專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該資料收集單元係附 者於該哺乳動物對象。 1.=申请專利範圍第旧之方法,其中該資料收集單元係相 對於該哺乳動物對象為遠距地設置。 仏^請專利範圍第旧之方^其中該資料收集單元調整 自該控制及通信模組接收的該傳送資料。 • ^申睛專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該資料收集單元放大 自該控制及通信模組接收的該傳送資料。 从2請專利範圍第1之方法,其中該資料收集單元係設 t料資料處理㈣存,用於進_步傳輸該資料到該 遇距資料庫管理系統。 π 2請專利範圍第24項之方法,其中該資料收集單元處 —自該控制及通信模組傳送的該資料,並傳送該資料的 一分析到該哺乳動物對象。 &如申請專利範圍第25項之方法,其中該資料的評估係視 -57- 家標準(CNS)T^格㈣χ 297公爱)_ 552126 A B c D 六、申請專利範圍 覺性顯示,或透過在該控制及通信模組上的聽覺裝置。 27. 如申請專利範圍第25項之方法,其中該資料的評估係透 過一無線裝置傳送到一資料傳輸或電信裝置。 28. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該資料收集單元係實 質鏈結到該資料庫管理系統來直接轉移該資料。 29. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中綠通信裝置於該哺乳 動物對象或其他被授權的個人係包含一無線裝置。 3 0.如申請專利範圍第29項之方法,其中該無線裝置為一電 信裝置,其允許與該哺乳動物對象或被授權的個人之雙 向視覺或聽覺通信。 31. 如申請專利範圍第29項之方法,其中該無線裝置為一傳 遞視覺或聽覺信號之資料傳輸裝置,用以通知該哺乳動 物對象該判定的生理狀態。 32. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該總結的資料反饋到 該哺乳動物對象係經由一電腦網路裝置來通信。 33. —種處理器可讀取媒體,用以明確地包含一系列的指令 來執行如申請專利範圍第1項之方法步驟。 34. 如申請專利範圍第33項之媒體,其係由該包含一碟片、 RAM、ROM及VRAM的群組中選出。 35. 如申請專利範圍第33項之媒體,其係由該包含一硬碟、 軟碟、快閃記憶體及一光碟之群組中選出。 36. —種用於遠距地監視一哺乳動物對象的生理參數之方 法,藉此由附著於該哺乳動物對象的感測器所得到的資 訊係由一通信裝置傳送到一遠距資料庫管理系統,並總 -58- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)々、申請專利範圍 結來提供反饋到該哺乳動物對象或其他被授權的人,其 包含以下步驟: a·提供至少一個生物介面頭附著到該哺乳動物對象, 該生物介面頭包含至少一個感測器用於量測生理參數; b.該生物介面頭與附著到該哺乳動物對象的至少一控 制及通信模組通信; c·由該生物介面頭傳送資料到至少一控制及通信模 組; d·由該至少一控制及通信模組來處理該資料; e.經由一無線裝置傳送該處理的資料到至少一資料收 集單元; f·傳送由該至少一資料收集單元接收的資料到一遠距 資料庫管理系統; g·由該遠距資料庫管理系統來總結該資料; h·經由一通信裝置提供該總結的資料之反饋到該哺乳 動物對象或其他被授權的個人; i·回應於來自該遠距資料庫管理系統之該總結的資料 而傳送控制指令到該資料收集單元;及 j.由該資料收集單元傳送該總結的資料到附著於該哺 乳動物對象之控制及通信模組。 37. 38. 如申請專利範圍第36項之方法,進—步包含由該控制及 通信模組傳送該控制指令到該生物介面頭的步驟,使得 由該生物介面頭釋出治療劑。 如申請專利範圍第36項之方法,其中該控制指令導引在 -59-該控制及通信模組上的一視覺或聽覺信號,其警告誃哺 乳動物對象到該總結的資料。 J 9 ·如申請專利範圍第3 6項之方法,其中該控制指令導引在 該資料收集單元上的一視覺或聽覺信號,其警告該,乳 動物對象到該總結的資料。 4〇·如申請專利範圍第38或39項之方法,其中該喷乳動物對 象回應於該視覺或聽覺信號來經由一無線裝置雙向通作 於一被授權的個人。 ϋ 41· 一種用於遠距地監視一哺乳動物對象的生理參數之方 法,藉此由附著於該哺乳動物對象的感測器所得到的資 訊係由一通信裝置傳送到一遠距資料庫管理系統,並總 結來提供反饋到該哺乳動物對象或其他被授權的人,其 包含以下步驟:~ 八 a·提供至少一個生物介面頭附著到該哺乳動物對象, 該生物介面頭包含至少一個感測器用於量測生理參數; b·該生物介面頭通信於附著到該哺乳動物對象的至少 一控制及通信模組; c ·由該生物介面頭傳送資料到至少一控制及通信模 組; d·由該至少一控制及通信模組來處理該資料·, e·經由一無線裝置傳送該處理的資料到至少一資料收 集單元; f·傳运由該至少一資料收集單元接收的該處理資料到 -第-#料收集單7C,如果彻_遠距資料庫管理系統 -60- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公董) C8 D8 申清專利範圍 無法建立通信; g·重覆傳輸由該第二資料收集單元接收的該處理資料 到額外的資料收集單元,直到可建立通信於一遠距資料 庫管理系統; h.總結由該遠距資料庫管理系統所接收的該資料;及 1·經由一通信裝置提供該總結的資料之反饋到該哺乳 動物對象或其他被授權的個人。 42· —種用於遠距地監視一哺乳動物對象的生理參數之方 法,藉此由附著於該哺乳動物對象的感測器所得到的資 訊係由一通信裝置傳送到一遠距資料庫管理系統,並由 該遠距資料庫管理系統總結來提供反饋到該哺乳動物對 象或其他被授權的人,其包含以下步驟: a·提供至少一個生物介面頭附著到該哺乳動物對象, 該生物介面頭包含至少一個感測器用於量測生理參數; b.該生物介面頭與附著到該哺乳動物對象的至少一控 制及通信模組通信; "" c·由該生物介面頭傳送資料到至少一控制及通信模 組; ' d·由該至少一控制及通信模組來處理該資料; e·經由一無線裝置傳送該處理的資料到至少一資料收 集單元; ’ f.連續地由該資料收集單元重覆傳輸該資料到一或多 個位於遠處的資料收集單元,直到該處理的資料係傳= 到一或多個遠距資料庫管理系統; 〜 -61 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210X297公釐) g·由該遠距資料庫管理系統來總結該資料;及 h·經由一通信裝置提供該總結的資料之反饋到該哺乳 動物對象或其他被授權的個人。 43. 44. 45. 46. 如申請專利範圍第42項之方法,其中控制指令由該遠距 資料庫管理系統傳送到該資料收集單元。 如申請專利範圍第43項之方法,進一步包含由該資料收 集單元傳送控制指令到該控制及通信模組。 如申請專利範圍第44項之方法,其中該控制指令進一步 傳送到該生物介面頭,使其回應於該哺乳動物對象的該 總結之資料來由該生物介面頭釋出治療劑。 種用於遠距地監視一哺乳動物對象的生理參數之方 法,藉此由附著於該哺乳動物對象的感測器所得到的資 訊係由一通信裝置傳送到一遠距資料庫管理系統,並由 該遠距 > 料庫官理系統總結來提供反饋到該哺乳動物對 象或其他被授權的人,其包含以下步驟·· a.提供至少一個生物介面頭附著到該哺乳動物對象, 該生物介面頭包含至少一個感測器用於量測該生理束 數; / b·該生物介面頭與附著到該哺乳動物對象的至少一控 制及通信模組通信; c.由該生物介面頭傳送資料到至少一控制及通信模 組; ' d·由該至少一控制及通信模組來處理該資料; e·傳送該處㈣資❹卜位於遠處的第二控制及通信 -62- 2 5 5模組; f•連續地由該位於遠處的第二控制及通信模組重覆傳 輸該資料到一或多個位於遠處的控制及通信模組,直到 該 > 料係傳遞到至少一個位在遠處的資料收集單元; g.傳送由該至少一資料收集單元接收的資料到一遠距 資料庫管理系統;及 h·在該遠距資料庫管理系統處總結該資料。 47·如申請專利範圍第46項之方法,其中控制指令由該遠距 資料庫管理系統傳送到該資料收集。 8·如申明專利範圍第47項之方法,進一步包含回應於該哺 乳動物對象的該總結的資料由該資料收集單元傳送控制 指令到該控制及通信模組。 49·如申請專利範圍第48項之方法,其中該控制指令進一步 由該控制及通信模組傳送到該生物介面頭,使其回應於 該哺乳動物對象的該總結之資料來由該生物介面頭釋出 治療劑。 50· —種用於監視一哺乳動物對象的生理狀態之系統,該系 統包含: a. —生物介面頭,其包含至少一個感測器用於量測生 理參數; b· —控制及通信模組,其鏈結到該生物介面頭,藉此 該控制及通信模組處理來自該生物介面頭的資料,並轉 換、調整及加密該資科; c ·至少一資料收集單元,其接收來自該控制及通信模 -63- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 552126 A8 B8 C8 D8 、申請專利範圍 組的資料;及 d· —遠距資料庫管理系統,其接收來自該至少一資料 收集單元的資料,並處理該資料。 5 1 ·如申請專利範圍第5 〇項之系統,其中該資料庫管理進一 步傳送控制指令到該資料收集單元。 52.如申請專利範圍第50項之系統,其中該生物介面頭進一 步包含一處理室,其回應於由該資料庫管理系統所傳送 的指令來釋出一或多個治療劑。 5j.如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該資料收集單元進 一步導引一視覺或聽覺信號到該哺乳動物對象。 54·如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該生物介面頭係安 裝到該哺乳動物對象之身體表面。 55·如申請專利範圍第50項之系統,其中該生物介面頭係皮 下植入’或在該哺乳動物對象之身體内。 56.如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該感測器係由包含 熱感測器、電感測器、光學感測器、化學物質感測器、 酵素鏈結的感測器、輻射感測器、磁性感測器及物理感 測器之群組中選出。 57·如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該生物介面頭係次 真皮地植入,並包含: a· —外部安裝環; b· 穿過真皮導官’其包含該感測器組合體;及 c •一感測器安裝頭,其包含一生物流體存取埠。 58.如申請專利範圍第57項之系統,其中該生物介面頭係利 •64-552126 A8 B8用生物合成的黏著劑來附著於該哺乳動物對象。 外如申請專利範圍第58項之系統,其中該生物合成黏著劑 ^含該群組之-或多個,該系統包含··生長因子、黏著 :子、黏著引誘劑或因子,其可促進該侵犯皮膚的傷口 醫療機制,並在環繞該安裝環處形成一類上皮結構。 .如申喷專利範圍第57項之系統,其中該穿過真皮導管及 生物流體存取埠係塗佈水性凝膠材料。 L如申印專利範圍第57項之系統,其中該穿過真皮導管包 含一水性凝膠材料。 62.如申請專利範圍第6〇或61項之系統,其中該水性凝夥材 料包含防腐劑、抗發炎劑、抗菌或抗微生物劑。 J •如申印專利範圍第60或6 1項之系統,其中該水性凝膠材 料包含一化學物、合成物或分子,來校準該感測器。 64 ·如申請專利範圍第57項之系統,其中該穿過真皮導管包 含一流體材料,其含有防腐劑、抗發炎劑、抗菌或抗微 生物劑。 65 ·如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該控制及通信模組 包含以下資料處理組件中至少一個:來自該BIH組合體之 4吕號接收器、濾波器系統、記憶體緩衝器、類比到數位 (A/D)轉換、錯誤診斷及校正、資料識別編碼、電源供 應、電源供應控制、接收/傳輸協定、内部時間基準,及 一傳送器裝置來傳遞該數位化的資料到該資料收集單 元。 66·如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該控制及通信模組 -65- 本紙張尺度適种@ s家標準(CNS) A4規格(21G χ 297公爱)裝 訂552126加街來自該生物介面頭的該資料及裝置識別資訊。 67·如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該控制及通信模組 包含一反饋裝置。 68·如申請專利範圍第67項之系統,該反饋裝置係由包含發 光二極體、壓電傳呼機、機械式振動器及機械式棘爪之 群組中選出。69·如申請專利範圍第67項之系統,其中該顯示裝置係由包 含液晶顯示器、有機發光二極體顯示器、磁性反應聚合 物顯示器、被動或主動比色顯示器及彩色為主的警告顯 示器之群組中選出。 裝 7〇·如申請專利範圍第67項之系統,其中該反饋裝置包含一 雙向的通信裝置,用於在該哺乳動物對象及其他被授權 的個人之間的聽覺或視覺通信。 訂71·如申請專利範圍第70項之系統,其中該雙向通信裝置為 一無線電話或傳呼機系統。 72·如申請專利範圍第5〇項之系統,其中該哺乳動物對象為 一實驗室動物。 73.如申請專利範圍第72項之系統,其中該生物介面頭包含 至少一個感測器,用於量測以下生理參數中至少一個· 溫度、呼吸、心跳率或血壓。 -66 -
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CN109864746B (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2023-09-29 | 心脏起搏器股份公司 | 用于医学装置的多模式分析物传感器 |
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EP1411826A4 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
US20030004403A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
CA2451526A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
US20070060800A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
AU2002365064B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
AU2002365064A1 (en) | 2003-06-23 |
AU2008246222A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
JP4383879B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 |
CA2451526C (en) | 2016-01-12 |
US20140194701A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
EP1411826A2 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
US20060253005A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
WO2003049592A2 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
US7044911B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
US8632463B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
WO2003049592A3 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
JP2005511184A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
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