CN1914823A - 诊断性无线射频识别传感器及其应用 - Google Patents
诊断性无线射频识别传感器及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1914823A CN1914823A CNA2005800031808A CN200580003180A CN1914823A CN 1914823 A CN1914823 A CN 1914823A CN A2005800031808 A CNA2005800031808 A CN A2005800031808A CN 200580003180 A CN200580003180 A CN 200580003180A CN 1914823 A CN1914823 A CN 1914823A
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Abstract
本发明介绍了一种集成的被动型无线芯片诊断传感器系统(4),该系统可用诸如集成了多协议RFID解读器能力(例如新近出现的第二代标准)或蓝牙的改进型移动电话的无线设备(2)进行远程询问,为使用该技术的用户提供使用方便、成本低廉和及时的定量分析、地理定位和传感器网络能力。本发明可整合到多种诊断平台中,能与诸如薄膜、MEMS、电化学、热的、电阻的、纳米或微流体传感器技术的小功率传感器一起使用。本发明的应用包括使用改进型移动电话的廉价无线设备对聪明表皮补丁的现场医疗和自诊断、临床检验(POC)分析、食品诊断、病菌检测、疾病特异无线生物标记检测、远程结构应力检测和用于工业或国土安全的传感器网络。
Description
有关申请的交叉参照
本发明要求于2004年1月27日提交的、并整体引用在此作为参考的美国临时专利申请60/539,419的优先权。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及无线射频识别(RFID)标签,尤其涉及包含有诊断传感器的RFID标签的系统。其中,诸如具有多协议解读器性能的改进型移动电话的无线设备可以访问这样的RFID标签和传感器。
背景技术
普通的无线射频识别(RFID)标签系统包括一个发送信号的RFID标签,该发送的数据由RFID解读器(也称作询问器)接收。在一个典型的RFID系统中,单个物体(如商店的货物)装有一个较小的、包括一个应答器的标签,该应答器拥有一个赋于唯一电子产品代码的记忆芯片。RFID解读器应用通信协议发送一个信号,激活标签中的应答器。因此,RFID解读器能够读写送给标签的数据。此外,RFID标签解读器还能根据RFID标签系统的应用处理这些数据。目前,RFID标签分为被动型和主动型两种,被动型RFID标签不包含内部电源,而是由从RFID解读器接收到的无线射频信号提供电能。或者,主动型RFID标签包含有内部电源,能使主动型RFID标签具有较大的发射范围和存储能力。使用被动型或主动型标签取决于具体的应用。
因此,RFID标签系统已经具有多种不同的应用,其应用包括动物识别、啤酒桶跟踪、汽车的钥匙和锁以及防盗系统。尽管普通的RFID标签系统用于各式各样的应用,普通的系统却存在几方面的缺点。
第一个缺点就是RFID解读器不能应用多种协议进行通信,特别是这种普通的RFID解读器只能读取其编程可读的那些RFID标签。也就是说,RFID解读器只适合使用预先编程的协议进行通信,其结果是这种普通的RFID解读器不能自动更新或改变协议。因此,目前的RFID解读器不能与其预先的编程协议不同的通信协议的RFID标签进行通信。第二个缺点便是它们实际上不能从任一点方便地监控具有RFID标签的目标,第三个缺点是不能将诸如移动电话和个人数字助理(PDAs)的无线设备作为RFID解读器/询问器,使用普通无线设备询问RFID标签应该是一种访问和/或分析运用RFID标签得到的数据的方便方法。另外还有一个缺点是普通的RFID标签系统不能经济地、有效率地和方便地监控人的物理、生物和化学特征,例如普通的系统不能发现人们特定的生物标记、病菌、化学物质或即将遭受或正在经受的危险等。
这里所介绍的实施例正是按照已知RFID标签系统的这些或其它一些缺点展开进行的。
发明内容
本发明是针对使用改进的、与新型诊断传感器结合的无线射频识别(RFID)标签进行廉价无线诊断的系统和方法。进一步而言,本发明的另一方面是这种诊断传感器能在现场由廉价的无线设备读取和分析,例如装置有多协议RFID的解读器和第二代通信标准的改进型移动电话。该技术能使用改进的移动电话直接识别外部危险,或对使用廉价的一次性被动型RFID传感器的单个平台进行任何类型的诊断测试。改进型个人无线设备的解读器能力也可以包括其它解读器的协议,例如蓝牙(Bluetooth)、Zigbee或IEEE 1073,可以实际上阅读任何类型的(主动型或被动型)传感器,从而可得到一类新的无线解读器,即能够真正全面地、灵活地控制实际上任何的应用,或提供一种分析包括诊断传感器在内的任何类型传感器的方式。
因此,这里公开了一种诊断系统,它包括一个灵活的补丁,该补丁具有一个适合位于表面的粘性部分,一个无线视频识别(RFID)标签和传感器组件与该补丁结合在一起。这个RFID标签和传感器组件包括至少一根天线,一个RFID电子芯片和至少一个传感器。RFID标签可以是被动型或主动型。此外,这里所述的技术并不仅局限于RFID,还可应用于其它无线询问协议和芯片技术,例如Bluetooth、Zigbee或其它新近诞生的技术。为了清楚起见,本专利应用中使用了RFID,但人们应该知道,RFID、Bluetooth、Zigbee或其它类似的技术是可以互相更换使用的。
RFID标签和传感器组件使用天线和与激励相对应的信号通过无线发射和接收对激励进行应答,这里还包括一个无线RFID解读器,适合于使用多种协议与RFID标签和传感器模块进行通信。另外,RFID解读器适合于事实上阅读和分析任何RFID标签和传感器模块。因此,RFID解读器适合于检索标签和传感器组件的电子识别和从数据库下载能阅读和分析标签和传感器的软件。RFID解读器还能使用多种通信协议在网络上进行通信。在一个实施例中,该RFID解读器是一个移动电话。诊断系统还可以包括一个远距离存储/数据访问单元,可以远距离存储RFID标签和传感器模块和RFID解读器传递和/或接收的数据。这里也公开了一种远距离无线设备,它可以实际上从任何一点访问RFID标签和传感器模块、RFID解读器和远距离存储/数据访问单元。
另外,这里也介绍了一种从RFID标签和传感器模块发射和远距离分析数据的方法。该方法包括使用无线RFID解读器激活RFID标签和传感器模块的步骤;第二步包括从RFID标签和传感器模块接收数据,其中的数据包括RFID标签识别信息;第三步包括使用网络向外部远距离存储/数据处理单元发送接收到的数据;第四步包括使用远距离存储/数据处理单元对数据进行处理。正如前面所述,除了RFID技术之外,Bluetooth或类似技术也可以作为替代,不过这时移动电话应安装Bluetooth,并应为与Bluetooth兼容的远距离RF诊断传感器提供能量。
这里还公开了一种用于进行诊断测量的免疫测定试验片,这种免疫测定试验片包括一种基底和至少一个位于基底上用来俘获抗原的检测区域。此外,这种免疫测定试验片还包括一个与基底结合在一起的RFID标签和传感器模块,该RFID标签和传感器模块适合于检测和发送由至少一个检测区域俘获的抗原相对应的信号。
这里还公开了另一种生产与病菌特异的RFID标签和传感器模块的方法。该方法包括提供基底和在基底上印刷导线以便用导线界定出传感器区域的步骤。该方法还包括印刷保护帽,该保护帽用对传感器区域中酶作用敏感的材料封装。另外,也包括在基底上印刷天线的步骤。相应地,该方法包括了将RFID标签和传感器模块与基底结合的步骤。
本发明的另一个特征是这种无线设备或传感器可以通过全球定位系统(GPS)和/或非GPS三角测量方式在地球上的任何地方进行地理定位,也可以通过Internet或使用其它任何能够访问移动电话解读器的无线设备进行远距离询问,从而将电子产品代码(EPC))和移动电话技术结合成一个单一的平台。
通过下面对本发明的详细介绍,这些和另外一些目标、优点和特征将会更加一目了然。
附图说明
此处包含的、构成本说明书一部分的附图举例说明了本发明,与其叙述一起进一步解释了本发明的原理,使所属技术领域的技术人员能够使用本发明。
图1是按照本发明的一个实施例用作无线射频识别(RFID)解读器的改进型移动电话的方框图,该解读器在一次性表皮补丁中植入一个RFID标签;
图2是按照本发明一个实施例的一个一次性的、完全整合的表皮补丁的方框图,该补丁具有一个包括电子芯片、传感器和天线的RFID标签和传感器模块;
图3A是图2所示的、包括一个化学/物理屏障的传感器的详图;
图3B是图2所示的RFID标签和传感器模块的另一个实施例;
图3C描绘了一个一次性的、适宜于从人体抽血的表皮补丁;
图4是一个使用改进型移动电话监测血糖的RFID诊断系统的系统框图,该移动电话适宜于解读图1的补丁;
图5是RFID标签和传感器模块的详细方框图,该RFID标签和传感器模块包括图2中的电子芯片、天线和传感器;
图6是RFID标签和传感器组件的另一个方框图;
图7是改进型移动电话的系统框图,该移动电话用作一次性诊断径流RFID免疫检测片的RFID解读器;
图8是图7所示的免疫测定试验片的详图;
图9是图8中传感器区域的详图;
图10描绘了生产一次性的、疾病特异的RFID无线传感器的方法;
图11按照本发明一个实施例描绘了直接印刷在RFID基底上的薄膜化学传感器阵列的方框图;
图12按照本发明一个实施例描绘了RFID技术与芯片实验室(LOC)技术的结合;
图13描绘了一个改进型的、与RFID技术结合使用的LOC传感器,该传感器可用诸如移动电话的无线设备直接读取;
图14按照本发明一个实施例描绘了被动型RFID技术与MEMS传感器的结合应用;
图15描绘了一个葡萄酒瓶,该葡萄酒瓶的软木塞上装置有RFID标签和传感器模块;
图16按照本发明一个实施例描绘了一个灵巧的干酪传感器;
图17按照本发明一个实施例描绘了一个普通的、廉价的、可印刷的、食品特异的RFID传感器技术;
图18按照本发明一个实施例描绘了一个RFID应力传感器;
图19A和图19B举例说明RFID标签和传感器模块在检测一个结构中昆虫蔓延的应用;
图20按照本发明一个实施例描绘了用一次性RFID免疫测定试验片检测尿样中药物的相互作用;
图21按照本发明一个实施例描绘了一个诊断性RFID传感器网络;
图22显示了一种识别(ID)和软件检索方法,使用该方法时可用任何RFID解读器解读/询问任意的RFID标签;
图23描绘了将被动型和主动型传感器解读器能力结合起来并整合到单个的无线芯片集上。
具体实施方式
本专利所述的技术可使传感器技术能够以极低成本与为传感器提供能量和无线界面的无线射频识别(RFID)标签结合起来。本发明的另一方面是普通的无线设备,如移动电话通过改进后可包括必需的逻辑和元件而构成RFID解读器,这种解读器设备还可以进一步具有多协议的RFID解读器能力,从而使其成为任何RFID EPC标签或RFID传感器标签的通用解读器,无论其生产商是谁。这种技术结合可在现场以相对廉价的成本对复杂的传感器数据进行精密的处理,这种技术还能用诸如传感器通信工具的无线解读器设备通过Internet对RFID标签或传感器标签进行访问,从而使得识别检索和现场将软件下载到解读器成为可能。运用这种双重技术方式,几乎任何类型的传感器均能与本应用中所述的RFID标签结合使用。正如这里所要讨论的,传感器适合于对事实上任何的激励作出应答,并以无线的方式交流有关该激励的信息。作为该技术的原理在2004年1月22日提交的、发明名称为“基于无线射频识别(RFID)的传感器网络”、整体引用于此作为参考的美国专利申请书第10/761,362号中有更加详细的叙述。
图1是一个改进型无线设备的方框图。该无线设备可以是典型的移动电话2,它包括一个微处理机和必要的逻辑而作为直接安装在一次性补丁4内的被动型RFID标签的一个“加电”和解读装置。正如2004年1月22日提交的序号为10/761,362、发明名称为“基于无线射频识别(RFID)的传感器网络”的美国专利申请所清楚地描述的那样,任何改进型无线设备都可使用。例如,使用RFID解读器可代替改进的移动电话,这种解读器可以包括诸如移动电话所具有的那些必要的数据处理、远程访问和无线上网的性能。此外,诸如改进型无线PDA、改进型无线计算机、改进型无绳电话、改进型呼机或甚至是改进型无线手表的设备也可与这种RFID技术结合用作解读器。除此之外,正如前面所述,本应用所述的原理也可延伸到RFID之外的其它技术,例如配置Bluetooth的移动电话也可用来与改进的、与这里所述的诊断传感器技术结合使用的远程无线Bluetooth芯片通信,并为其提供能量。
最理想的是,RFID电子芯片技术能够完全与国际RFID解读器和标签标准兼容,从而使该技术真正成为在每一个国家或对任何种类(Class)的RFID芯片而言都是通用的、显然的。就目前而论,这些标准包括Class0,Class 0+,Class 1和Gen-2。目前诞生的RFID标准称之为第二代,或Gen-2,其它一些标准也会不久后面世,在未来得到应用。该技术的目标之一便是要能与尽量多的标准兼容,以便改进的移动电话或PDA能够读取世界上任何地方已有的任意RFID标签或RFID传感器标签。多协议RFID解读器可以用来压缩到单个电子芯片或直接包含在移动电话或无线设备的核心芯片集中,例如多协议解读器技术可以加入到拥有Bluetooth协议的3G电子芯片中,这样任何3G设备显然均可读取任意的RFID电子产品代码(EPC)标签、RFID传感器标签或Bluetooth传感器芯片,移动电话或个人无线设备也可因此而具有集成的远程访问能力。这样,移动电话用户可以拨打任何远程数据库或通过Internet访问RFID标签的数据。除了具有这些能力和RFID阅读能力之外,这种设备还可以拥有其它Internet访问协议,例如Bluetooth、Wi-Fi、Broadband、WLAN、3G或其它新近出现的、能免费或廉价地进行Internet访问的技术,使用这些技术特别有利于全面地探索本发明的整个潜能。
补丁4通常连接在一个对象(例如一个人)上。根据本发明的一个实施例,也可以与任何地方、设备或物体连接。在一个实施例中,激励为温度,RFID标签和补丁组合构成一个精巧的无线温度传感器。这样,在一个改进型移动电话上便能远距离地直接测量温度,因为该移动电话可以用来处理RFID数据,并在远距离向无线设备用户预告物体的温度。因此,该补丁是一个“聪明”的补丁,而当这个无线设备与RFID传感器结合使用时也成为一个“聪明”的设备。这一应用的实例是一个工人或一个消防队员使用一个具有RFID阅读能力的移动电话时能为自己监测热应力和/或毒烟。如果该移动电话装置有Bluetooth,除了进行传感器分析之外,它也许还能直接向消防队员耳朵和远距离的检测电台发送信号。除了整体包含于此的美国专利6,031,454所叙述的之外,对消防队员进行实时精确的地理定位也是可能的。
这一技术的应用的另一个实例是应用一个专一的移动电话或类似的无线设备遥测儿童或病人的热度。该移动电话或类似的无线设备可以呼叫另一个移动电话,警告父母亲或护士该病人体温升高。例如,父母亲可将聪明的表皮补丁4放到病孩的前额上,当父母亲和病孩睡觉时留下设备2远距离地对病孩进行监测。当病孩在夜间的体温升高到预先设定的阈值时,设备4将自动地向父母亲报警,这种报警可从远离的任何地点发出。在一个实施例中,这种聪明的补丁应用于医院,可以远距离地同时监测多个病人。自美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)近来下达所有药物必须贴有RFID标签的指令后,不论是病人还是药物,事实上位于“聪明”医院中的任何东西均可进行实时监测。医院中的解读器可以进行地理定位,从而实时地监测医院内的整个活动。解读器还可以直接连接到网络上,从而为使用的基础设施提供更大的灵活性。在一个实施例中,温度表面补丁是一个聪明的护创胶布(Band-Aid)。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,RFID标签和表皮补丁组合包括多个传感器,这些传感器组合起来能完成在皮肤表面直接测量到的不同诊断应用,如经过皮肤将表皮湿气、血液数据直接传送到一次性表皮补丁上。在另一个实施例中,表皮补丁也可用来检测病人的外部参数,如物理、化学或电学参数或它们的组合,例如RFID表皮补丁可用来监测心脏,或用来监测影响皮肤的外部因子,如辐射。
图2是一个聪明的表皮补丁的方框图。如图所示,补丁4具有一个RFID标签和传感器模块11。RFID标签和传感器模块11将一个RFID标签与至少一个传感器结合在一起。特别是这个RFID标签和传感器组件11包括一个RFID电子芯片10、一个传感器12和至少一根天线8。一般来说,补丁4由一个薄的、灵活的、具有粘性表面7的支撑件5构成。在支撑件5上安装有一根天线8,该天线通常由诸如铝的柔性金属薄膜、或掺杂油墨印刷的材料、或其它诸如导电聚合物的柔性高导电材料构成。该天线也可印刷在表皮补丁的外表面,以便防止任何可能的表皮接触或污染。
天线8为RFID电子芯片10提供能量。在一个实施例中,电子芯片为被动型。或者如同一般技术人员所了解的那样,RFID电子芯片10也可以是主动型。在这两种情况下,RFID电子芯片10通常都位于包括一个或多个传感器12的圆盘6上,RFID标签和传感器模块11则在基底圆盘6上构成一个完整的单元。圆盘6可以是诸如塑料的柔性基底,也可以是包括不同类型半导体传感器的硬磁盘。例如圆盘6可以包括一个RFID标签与另一个位于硅基底上的小功率传感器组合,这里RFID标签用作能量和无线单元,而传感器用作传感元件。术语“RFID标签”是指天线8与RFID电子芯片10的组合,能量可通过外部射频(RF)能量多循环被储存在被动型电子芯片中。运用RFID被动标签与能量储存功能的结合可将复杂的传感器与RFID标签直接组合在一次性表皮补丁上。这些传感器不需任何外部能量,可以是一次性的,并能进行地理定位。一般而言,其生产成本低于1美元,因而十分经济、方便,且安全性也有很大的提高。
圆盘6和传感元件12通常受到至少一层保护层20的保护。因此,当补丁4置于皮肤上时,保护层20直接接触皮肤的表面。保护层20可以是半渗透性的,包含有特异的化学组成和化学性质,当其与每个特定传感器12上的化学组成和化学性质一起作用时,保护层20的这种化学特性有助于测定特异的化学或生物要素,例如保护层20可过滤某些蛋白质或细胞,与此同时,按照本发明一个实施例,还能刺激传感器上的化学特性进行特异反应。
此外,圆盘6还可以包括能够光学测定血液特性变化的多个复杂传感器,还可包括一个或多个与传感器组合使用的二极管(图中未画出),例如,可以使用小型的肖特基或反馈偏压二极管。此外,使用聚合物和其它薄膜技术的最新进展,可以用极低成本印刷或生产复杂的小功率传感器-解读器组合件,更加复杂的、可直接置于电子芯片或插件电子芯片上的传感器也许能用于聪明的表皮补丁中。
因此,这里所述的聪明的补丁技术能对人体进行许多不同的检测,而且可在远距离用诸如移动电话的设备对数据进行处理。无线设备不仅能提供能量,而且还能提供在现场进行分析和处理的方法,从而降低了对RFID标签和传感元件的加工需求。因此,生产成本和能量需求得到下降,使得该技术能够成为一次性使用的技术。对于一种特定类型的传感器,无线设备还能为用户提供逐步的操作指令。由于RFID标签能向无线设备提供一个唯一的ID,该ID能唯一地识别所用传感器的类型。新级别的RFID传感器也将成为新近出现的国际RFID标准的一部分,也有唯一的传感器标识符。数据表68能够存储每个传感器的识别号。此外,分析任何特定传感器的数据表68可以储存在芯片上、移动电话内或远距离的设备上。因此,正如本发明所详细说明的那样,无论生产商是谁,任何移动电话均能在现场分析任何类型的RFID EPC标签或RFID传感器标签。
图3A和3B举例说明了包含在表皮补丁4中的不同元件,图3A叙述了一类传感器12。在这种情况下,传感器表面34被导电的电极28围绕,通常这两者是直接印刷或沉积在一个非导电的表面30上。本领域技术人员已熟知印刷传感器的方法,正如前面所述,传感器表面34受到另一化学层或物理-化学绝缘层32保护,这种绝缘层能有助于过滤或清除某些元素或清扫发生在传感器区域34上的化学反应。可以使用多层绝缘层或电抗性的表面32(图中未画出),可层叠起来使用,这就如同分隔不同类型分子的方法一样,用作吸收、清除或修饰目标分子或试剂的电抗性表面。此外,由于圆盘6可能是坚硬的,传感器和分隔层应包括金属、具有纳米孔的表面或含有单层或复杂多层传感器的任何其它元件。
除此之外,还可以使用不同类型的传感器,包括用作参考或校准的传感器。鉴于被动型RFID标签能提供能量,任意类型的传感器或传感器组合均可用于表皮补丁对激励作出应答,例如可能在皮肤表面发生的任何外部的化学、电学或物理变化。人们发现,对激励应答包括传感器所作出的任何测量、检测和/或反应。
然而,根据传感器的具体应用,由传感器组成的圆盘6的方向可以是面对皮肤,也可能是背向皮肤。在一个实施例中,传感器包括一个微电子电路,该电路包括至少一个二极管或其它光学装置进行复杂的传感器分析。这种传感器是该技术的某些应用所必需的,一些比较简单的传感化学则无法适应。人们发现,对于这类传感器来说,有些可直接装到RFID电子芯片本身上,例如这包括可编程的温度传感器,也可包括在皮肤上测量运动或小型电脉冲的传感器。在一个实施例中,表皮补丁是一个心脏传感器,而在另一个实施例中,表皮补丁测量外部危险,如辐射对皮肤或人体的危害。在还有一个实施例中,RFID表皮补丁包括多个诊断传感器。
图3B显示由线圈天线8、RFID电子芯片10和多个传感器12构成的圆盘6是一个完整的整体。天线可安装在圆盘6的一边,而传感器可装置在其另一边。根据本发明的一个实施例,使用这种方法可一步将完整的圆盘6直接安装到支撑件5上。
图3C显示的是本发明的另一个实施例。在这个实施例中,表皮补丁4也包括一个硬表面40,该表面包括一个或几个显微刀44,用来帮助在传感器区域内抽取一滴血(图中未画出),该技术的应用包括需要通过抽血的诊断化验。只需将装有包括显微刀的RFID传感器的一次性表皮补丁轻压在皮肤上,抽取足量的血供分析使用,这一过程只会对病人带来轻微的痛感。该表皮补丁还可包括一种能中和抽血区域痛感的化学物质,一旦补丁用于皮肤,无线设备2便可读到传感器的读数。在一个实施例中,这种使用RFID传感器的无线化验通过使用一次性RFID表皮补丁和无线设备组合应用于血糖监控。抽血后,传感器部件就会包括有过滤和分离机构(例如具有微细或纳米孔的表面)。另外,在另一个实施例中,RFID传感元件与抽血元件分离,且这种传感元件可重复使用。这种传感元件更加复杂,可直接包含在手表中。
另外,非入侵性测量血糖水平或人体其它化学特征的方法也可与RFID技术结合使用,它包括使用二极管或其它能检测所发生的光化学变化的光学装置。
图4显示了一个如图3C所示的、包括RFID标签技术、合适的传感器化学特性和机械装置的表皮补丁4是如何用诸如改进的移动电话2的改进型无线设备开展糖尿病自行监控和胰岛素自行调节的。从一次性表皮补丁得到的数据用移动电话的微处理机处理。在一个实施例中,移动电话可以通过RF控制埋置在人体内的远程胰岛素泵50,从而取代使用分离的血糖监控设备,用一次性RFID传感器表皮补丁直接在改进型移动电话上进行定期的血糖化验。采用这种方法,病人勿需使用两种设备,需要化验时可直接向其医生检查不正常的结果。在许多情况下,表皮补丁可采用传感器表面上的可逆反应而使其重复使用。在一个实施例中,使用无线设备远程提供的能量稍微对传感器加热便发生了这种逆转。图4所示的本发明的含义在于任何RFID或Bluetooth传感器都可被诸如改进型移动电话的设备读取,这种移动电话还可用作其它依赖传感器值的无线技术的控制系统。设备2还能直接远距离监测特定病人的其它功能、远程报警和访问医师办公室或医疗中心,例如该设备可以在聪明的补丁上监测心脏功能、病人的体温、位置等。
图5显示了RFID电子芯片10的基本元件,它与包括分离的发射和接收元件(图中未画出)的天线8耦连。如前所讨论的那样,RFID电子芯片10与天线8的组合被称之为RFID标签。天线8直接印刷在聚合物或塑料基底上,拥有传感器输入的RFID标签的原理和操作在2004年1月22日提交的、发明名称为“基于无线射频识别(RFID)的传感器网路”、并整体引用在此作为参考的美国专利申请第10/761,362中有详细说明。专利6,720,866B1也引用在此作进一步参照。
天线8与装有稳压电路的能量单元60、控制器62、识别单元64(永久性的或可编程的)、存储单元66、传感器表68、热敏电阻或温度模块/传感器70、模数转换器72和任选的过滤器74相连。较理想的是,RFID电子芯片10的温度传感器70是一个小功率的、精确编程的单元,能为RFID标签和传感器模块11的任何应用提供精确的参照和校准点。此外,电子芯片10还可以包括为能量单元60储存能量的能量储存单元(图中未画出),这对于超越可用能量达到被动型芯片的传感器而言十分重要。该设备可以是专利6,002,344所述的0级(Class 0)电子芯片,Class 0+芯片,Class 1芯片,Gen-2电子芯片或任何其它RFID或Bluetooth电子芯片,可用作基本平台和通过改进包括内装的精确温度单元、稳压单元、模拟数字转换器和至少包含一个或多个传感器的功能,并能一并包括在本发明所述的设备中,构成能被诸如改进型移动电话的普通廉价无线设备直接读取的被动RFID诊断传感器的基础。使用被动方式时,RFID芯片10可为传感器提供大约10μ瓦特的能量。此外,只要大多数诊断传感器拥有足够的能量,电压可在1-5伏的范围内精确地调节。
RFID电子芯片10连接在接收能量并通过单元60,62,72和74控制的一个或多个外部传感器12上。传感器12和部分电路由发明名称为“大范围监视恐怖分子或个人危险的方法和设备”、并整体引用在此作为参考的美国专利申请第10/382,606号所述的廉价搀杂油墨或导电聚合物构成。
图6举例说明了RFID标签和传感器组件11的另一个实施例,它包括RFID电子芯片10、天线8、基底55、导线28和传感元件12。为了实现一系列的应用,特别是诊断应用,至少应使用一个参照元件14。在某些应用中,参照元件或传感器应包括至少一个任选的护罩16。在一个实施例中,该护罩16是一个轻质的护罩,覆盖在一个用于廉价辐射RFID标签和传感器组件11内的辐射敏感薄膜上,该组件可包括在病人使用的表皮补丁中,或用于国土安全或防卫应用中。在一个实施例中,RFID标签和元件14和16被用作辐射探测器。几种辐射敏感聚合物或其它薄膜材料都可直接用来印刷在天线的基质上,生成一种成本极低的RFID被动辐射传感器。由于可以使用不同种类的辐射敏感材料,使用极低的成本可以生产出大量质量高的辐射传感器。另外,芯片10也可以直接包括辐射敏感二极管,从而进一步提供一种发现辐射危险的廉价方法。
在一个实施例中,传感器12是一个化学传感器。因此,廉价的化学探测器和辐射探测器均可包括在廉价的、一次性的、包括无线RFID标签和动力单元的基底中。
图7显示了另一种新的RFID传感器技术与一次性径流分析相结合形成一次性无线被动型RFID免疫测定的应用。这种检测可包括在一次性工具包90中,其能量由远距离的廉价无线设备2提供,所得结果也可由该工具包进行分析,或通过无线网络远距离完成。
图8更详细的叙述了图7所示的技术。径流免疫测定试验片90包括一个样品输入口92和能使分析物在试样上受表面张力作用而移动的基底94。试样包括一个或多个检验区域96,通常是流经检验表面作为特异抗原的俘获表面的固化抗体。这种检验目前常用来化验妊娠、特异蛋白质或毒素的存在和检测特异的病菌,如链球菌。目前,伴随疾病特异的生物标记的发现,更为复杂的检验已可资利用。然而,这些检验使用视觉方法不能提供精确的定量结果。因此,通常仍局限于“是”或“不是”的检验,只能简单地表明某一蛋白质或生物分析物的存在或不存在。尽管检验工作业已改进为普及到公众的程度,量化特定蛋白质存在与否的工作仍是人们极为期待的目标。现在,只要加入本发明所显示的RFID或Bluetooth技术,这一量化目标即可实现。将RFID电子芯片10加入到一次性设备90中,并使其通过导线28要么与天线8连接要么与传感器区域34连接。为了防止短路,电极28可埋置在也可作为分析物流经传感器区域34途径的塑料引线98上。使用喷墨技术或其它类似方法便可印刷这样的引线和通道,而且这种技术还是本领域技术人员所熟知的廉价技术。引线还可制成薄片或直接压制到塑料基质上,也可使用其它廉价的装配或生产方法。
一种检验区域96为测量表面湿度或特定蛋白质或其它分析物存在与否的参照检验区域。在某些应用中,在无线设备上读取结果前,要求检验表面必须是干燥的,这可使用参照片得以自动实现。此外,还可利用一个带有视觉提示的窗口来确定何时可进行检验分析。例如,如果检验表面需要干燥,只需通过吸湿材料颜色的变化来决定,吸湿材料可依据RFID免疫测定片上的湿度水平,其颜色可从红色变成绿色。
使用这种方法时,许多不同的途径和检验可同时在单个一次性的检验片上完成,而且这种技术还可用于不同类型的分析,如横向流动、径流、固相分析或对分析物穿过表面的任何分析。生产制造基本的分离表面的方法已为本领域技术人员所熟知,包括使用硝化纤维或其它类似材料。
图9详细地显示了传感器区域34,采用印刷或制造横向流动试样所使用的其它标准沉积方法,抗体100固化在基底94上。当分析物受毛细作用穿越检验片时,与之匹配的抗原104开始与抗体连接。这种抗原可以是血液或尿液中的蛋白,或病菌表面的蛋白,也可能是其它生物分子。该技术可应用于任何呈现特异的面对面相互作用的传感器环境。在一个实施例中,该技术应用于检验蛋白质,而在另一个实施例中,则用于检验DNA或RNA。因此,使用本应用所述的技术在移动电话上直接读取一次性无线RFID传感器的DNA分析已成为可能。
为了使传感器区域中的两个电极能够导电,某些应用加入了对抗原104特异的抗体层106。这一技术常称之谓“夹心法”,目前还有其它不同的方法也可进行这样的分析。在本应用中,连接导电分子108后在传感器区域34生成了一层导电层,而不是将染料与抗体连接起来。导电分子可以是导电的纳米颗粒、导电的蛋白质、与蛋白质或乳胶连接的金属颗粒或其它导电珠。正如前面所述,如果使用了DNA或RNA,导电分子可以直接与匹配的DNA或RNA链连接。导电分子108可定时释放,从而使分析成为一个简单的、一步式过程。
在某些应用中,进行测量前需要对检验片进行清洗和干燥,传感器的状态可使用一个或多个参照检验区域用电子方式进行评价。在这些参照检验区域,传感器只是由吸收水分的材料构成,从而能顾及整个待测量检验表面的饱和量和状态。使用传感器数据表通过移动电话可远程进行这样的检验,传感器数据表要么存储在RFID芯片或移动电话的存储器中,要么从Internet的远程站点或无线网络的远程站点的正确传感器数据表下载。使用这一方法可在现场进行复杂的分析。
由于表面区域的导电性可以进行精确的测量,使用一次性无线RFID电免疫测定就可能得到定量的结果。此外,还可采用极小的检验区域,可在一个特定区域进行多次检验,可以大大地减少成本。在一个实施例中,该技术应用于一次性的高集成度的DNA或RNA芯片。
除了上述导电方法之外,还可使用其它一些方法,这取决于RFID或Bluetooth技术成为一次性RFID免疫测定的基本廉价通信和能量平台。例如,可用光学方法来检测特定蛋白质的存在和数量。之所以该方法可行,是因为特定抗体沉积的精确位置已知,并能与光学解读器匹配。可以使用一种双重系统,在该系统中进行蛋白或DNA检验的一次性基底插入到由RFID能量和通信组件构成的解读器(图中未画出)中,该组件可用诸如移动电话、PDA或医生办公室中的计算机直接读取。
由于该技术是廉价的,且结果是定量的,这种在图7至图9中所显示的技术目前具有广阔的市场应用前景。在一个实施例中,它用于国土安全工作,保卫人员能进行实时检查,如在现场确认是否存在某种特异的病菌。在另一个实施例中,该技术应用于公众的食品安全,如利用该技术发现食品中引起人体某些过敏,如花生过敏的痕量元素。在还有的一个实施例中,该技术应用于对某些医疗状况(如心脏病发作)的自测。在进一步的实施例中,该技术应用于审查诸如癌症发生前的特定医学状态。
该技术还可进一步微型化,使其能用于微小,甚至是纳米级的传感器,这种传感器具有极小传感器区域,由改进型RFID或Bluetooth电子芯片提供和分程传递能量给诸如移动电话的远程无线处理设备。
图10显示了制造疾病特异的RFID无线检测片涉及的步骤。一般来说,基因组学和蛋白质组学的研究结果111得到了一种特定状态病前或疾病预先的特异生物标记112。一旦发现这些特异的标记,疾病特异的抗体或表面受体113便可分离出来,将其整合到疾病特异的RFID传感器114中,便可得到最终所需的疾病特异自备检验工具包115。
使用图7-10所述的方法可以生产出任何特异的一次性无线RFID检验片。由于每个RFID标签10含有其自己的电子识别号64,无线设备2可以立即识别其涉及的传感器类型并进行正确的分析,因为特定的改进型移动电话能通过无线上网从远程站点下载所需的软件、数据表等,并随即成为对任何特定类型RFID传感器的一个“聪明”设备。此外,由于在同一个一次性无线平台上能立即进行多种不同的检验,交叉核实和校准成为可能。由于无线解读器具有远程数据访问和远程处理能力,在此所述的技术能使任何类型RFID传感器进行无处不在的传感和分析,只要它们使用诸如改进型移动电话的单个普通无线平台。这种RFID传感器不必使用电池,因此其成本极低。另外,对某些应用,例如远程温度监控而言,该传感器还可以重复使用。
图11显示了运用单个一次性RFID传感器芯片用该技术同时测量多种不同气体的应用。作为天线基质55的一部分,区域110包含多种具有导线28的不同传感器12。一般而言,每个传感器12是一种不同的聚合物或能与空气中的化合物进行不同反应的化合物。由于传感器12、区域110和RFID电子芯片都位于同一个基质上,生产成本极低,且整个单元,包括含有传感器12的区域110能一步装配完成。
区域110通常暴露于空气中,使化学反应能顺利进行。在一个实施例中,传感器包装在一个密封袋(图中未画出)中,该袋可由传感器用户在特定时间打开,对特定环境进行测试。
这种所述的“嗅觉”技术和应用在发明名称为“大范围监视恐怖分子或个人危险的方法和设备”、并整体引用在此作为参考的美国专利申请第10/382,606号中有更详细的叙述。
图12显示了本发明有关临床诊断或诊断技术的另一个实施例,特别是它将芯片实验室(LOC)技术与118中所示的RFID传感器技术结合在一起。芯片实验室技术在科学论文中有详细的叙述,它包括带有检验、输入或者化学槽120的多个微流体通道124。由于RFID电子芯片10的导线28能直接与每个检验槽120连接,化学槽120中的反应可用RFID技术测量。天线可印刷或安置在电子芯片的另一层上或直接安置在设备的背面。此外,导线28、天线和电子芯片10也可埋置在LOC芯片中,从而防止电极或电子设备短路。由于LOC对复杂的样品进行分离和分析,这一技术可以只使用简单的无线设备,例如移动电话或PDA就能进行LOC检验,不必依赖复杂昂贵的解读器。在一个实施例中,移动电话还能为相当复杂的LOC分析控制微流体路线124的分离和控制。在另一个实施例中,在LOC-RFID芯片上还包括有发光二极管(LED)和其它电子测量或传感设备。因此,这是一种可随意使用的技术,能进行直接由公众进行分离和混合的复杂检验。
图13显示如何直接从诸如移动电话的无线设备读取LOC-RFID传感器单元118,从而回避使用LOC解读器。对于LOC型分析而言,数据可能十分复杂,超越廉价无线解读器的处理能力。在这种情况下,可进行远程分析,如通过无线上网在直接可访问的远程计算机上进行。例如,可提供一个集中型的站点,可通过移动电话用户直接拨号进行访问。也可使用其它的通信系统,如前面所述的装有Bluetooth的移动电话、PDA或其它能与RFID兼容并具有直接访问Internet的内置装置的设备。
图14显示微机电系统(MEMS)传感器140与RFID技术的结合使用。在一个实施例中,具有导线28的RFID电子芯片10直接与为传感器提供能量的MEMS传感器组合在一起。在另一个实施例中,MEMS传感器140包括一个共振的表面148,天线引线8仅部分显露,且通常不构成传感器区域的一部分。在这种特殊情况下,导线28暴露于空气中,因此该技术特别适用于检测气体。然而,存在着许多不同的MEMS传感器组合,这里仅显示了其中一种。由于某些MEMS传感器需要大于RFID被动芯片通常能够提供的能量,电子芯片需要经过修改而升高电压和/或存储解读MEMS型传感器所需的电流。或者,传感器本身应包括电池。
图15显示了用于食品领域的RFID-传感器被动诊断技术的结合运用。在这种情况下,传感器单元10包含在葡萄酒软木塞150中,作为一种“聪明葡萄酒”应用。在一个实施例中,一个具有导线28的RFID电子芯片直接安置在软木塞150中,而天线(图中未画出)通常置于瓶外,成为葡萄酒瓶顶部包装的一部分,整个装置插入到葡萄酒瓶155中。在另一个实施例中,附有天线的整个装置构成软木塞的一部分。如果葡萄酒的化学特性发生变化,由于葡萄酒酸度的改变而使软木塞老化,这种老化可用诸如改进型移动电话2的无线设备远距离地电子测量。因此,在购买之前,用户可用改进型移动电话2立即分辨葡萄酒的好坏。这种应用特别适用于那些昂贵的葡萄酒,因为昂贵葡萄酒必须是陈年老酒,必须经历诸如温度等的多种变化。在还有一个实施例中,本发明所述的RFID标签技术包括一个温度模块和一个存储器,这样葡萄酒的整个温度存储日志便可记录在RFID被动标签上,用户在购买前可用移动电话进行检索。例如,如果葡萄酒未能正确地存放,用户便可一目了然。葡萄酒的温度日志可通过定期的“加电”周期存储在电子芯片上,也可远程存储,通过无线上网使用无线设备从远程数据库检索。还可使用其它的能量和存储装置。这种应用特别对“高端”葡萄酒有效。
图16显示本发明在其它食品项目中应用的另一个实施例,在该实施例中,食品为“聪明”的干酪。如同葡萄酒一样,在用户不知情和在未打开包装前干酪也可能变质。在本实施例中,干酪170包括一个电子RFID标记,该标记包含一个至少有两个传感器178和180的传感器垫176。在图16中,为了简洁起见,无论是天线还是RFID电子芯片都未画出。一个传感器由吸湿材料构成,用来确定干酪170的水分含量。另一个传感器可能是由对某些味道敏感或起反应的聚合物构成,这些味道与干酪因细菌的作用结果而发生老化或退化有关。如果干酪170变质,通常是因为水分含量不正确或由于细菌作用而发生退化。通过使用几种传感器,用户可在购买前使用具有RFID解读器能力的移动电话2远距离精确地确定干酪的质量。传感器ID的类型与直接下载到移动电话的数据表和处理指令匹配,见2004年1月22日提交的、并整体引用在此作为参考的第10/761,362号、发明名称为“基于无线射频识别(RFID)的传感器网络”的美国专利申请。
图17显示了一个通用的、可印刷的被动型RFID诊断食品标签技术202,它包括一个能测定已知食品是否变质的传感器204。标签202通常装在塑料内,包括一个RFID电子芯片10和一个装在基质55上的天线8,以及一根导线28。在一个实施例中,除了传感器204之外,所有受区域206限定的区域在塑料或存储装置(如牛奶纸板盒)实体中分成薄层,防止电极或导线28短路。因此,这种传感器可直接包括在液体或具有高水分含量的食品表面上。
传感器盖208沉积在传感器区域204上。传感器盖208包含一种对该食品特异的且只能当该食品变质后才发生反应的化学物质。例如,传感器标签可直接包括在肉食包装的肉表面,RFID标签可包含肉本身(价格、包装日期等)的所有信息。在这种情况下,用户可以确定是否发生细菌污染,因为生产的传感器盖208可以对特异细菌的酶作用高度敏感。假若在肉制品表面存在某种细菌,这种细菌就开始优先地降解传感器盖208,这种传感器盖208通常都是水密的,含有有助于每种细菌进行酶促降解的掺杂物质,这将促使电极暴露,改变传感器204表面的导电性。
同样的原理还可应用于具有特异化学反应的情况下,如该技术可直接装置在牛奶纸板盒内。如果牛奶变质,其化学组成和性质将发生变化,这种化学组成和性质的变化可满足与传感器盖208进行特异反应的需要。可以理解为多种不同的传感器可与单个RFID芯片一起使用,从而可以识别特异类型的细菌。另外,在另一个实施例中,传感器盖208的厚度在不同传感器中是不同的,因此能够估计存在的细菌的数量。如果存在的细菌量大,传感器盖208将快速降解,较厚的传感器帽208将最后降解完。因此,该技术可为食品工业提供一个通用的廉价解决方案,使电子RFID标签示踪与廉价的传感技术结合在一起。
图18显示用于应力之中的RFID被动传感器的诊断应用。在这个实施例中,提供了一个由两个不同部件构成的RFID-应力传感器295。第一个部件组成包括RFID标签和天线8的能量和通信单元290,单元290与包括通常提供固定安装的连接点270、可延伸的引线275和连接区280的传感器260连接。一般而言,连接区280是一种极容易的“插接”型,可使用户轻易地将传感器安装到任何类型的表面。这两个部件形成一个应力传感器单元295。
该技术是按如下方式工作的:应力传感器295通过使用连接点270与用户紧密连接。应力传感器295用歪轮(skews)或特殊粘结剂与可能产生的结构应力、需要远距离测量的区域连接。通常传感器260由诸如密封于塑料薄膜的柔性金属片的薄膜材料(图中未画出)构成,任何导电性能高、能延伸的金属均可使用,例如铝、金或铜。区域290并未连接,因此不受应力的影响。导电性测量可通过诸如移动电话的远程无线解读器定期进行,结果存储在存储器或远程数据库中。廉价的无线设备,如改进型移动电话或RFID标签解读器可装在传感器附近,用来定期地监测应力。如果应力产生,传感器260伸展。由于温度参照已知,片的导电性或阻力的变化可以精确地测量出来。因为该技术为无线,且没有电池,可以在视觉到达极为困难,甚至是无能为力的区域,包括大楼、桥梁等中隐含的结构性横梁,以及高应力的区域(飞机,家庭等)进行长期的监测。应力还可采用图14所示的共振MEMS结构或测震仪进行更为动态的监测,还可使用许多其它的方法,如使用压电材料的压缩测量,因应力缘故导致引线断开或突然折断时导电性能的丧失等。该技术拥有广阔的市场应用前景,例如在窗户上插入一个无线RFID传感器所得到的“聪明”家庭应用等。
图19A和图19B显示了该技术的另一个实施例,即应用于诸如白蚁传感器的RFID-昆虫传感器。在图19A中,整个传感器单元密封在对白蚁具有极大吸引力,如一块木头的单元310中。单元310构成一个标准尺寸的“插头”,可插入到结构木料支撑件中。该单元由天线8、RFID电子芯片10和图19B中所详细显示的引线组成。
图19B显示了该技术在一个实施例中的应用细节。引线28被对白蚁具有极大吸引力的非导电材料,如木头构成的调整垫320分隔开来。如果出现有白蚁,调整垫320被白蚁吃掉,分隔电极或引线28的调整垫将立即消失。电极28将在弹簧(图中未画出)的作用下压在一起。当调整垫消失后,电极短路,人们便可立即知道出现了白蚁。当使用了图19B所示的电极时,可以使用类似单元290(图18)的安装能量单元。这类传感器还可使用其它简单的导电方法。
由于这是一种廉价的无线技术,不使用电池,该技术可应用于隐蔽区域,如房屋中的结构支撑件等。它可用来远程监测任何类型的昆虫破坏,甚至可以通过使用只有存在某些酶时才发生降解的表面特异材料,用于监测病菌,如细菌。
图20显示了该技术用于对药物相互作用的检测,或通常所说的对特定状态的保健自测。在一个实施例中,当服用药物360后,将一个一次性无线RFID传感器片90置于尿样364中。这种传感器片是与所得到的药物一起免费提供的,而这些药物可能由于与其它药物组合服用而产生毒性,使用廉价的无线设备,如具有RFID多协议解读器功能的移动电话2,可在现场以极低的成本对复杂的药物相互作用进行检测,这可通过无线访问移动电话塔380、访问网络390和访问远程存储/数据处理单元400得以实现。在一个实施例中,远程存储/数据处理单元400具体为一台计算机或电子数据库。因此,通过使用计算机400(远程存储/数据处理单元400以下便称做计算机400),病人便可通过链接392将RFID传感器的ID与远程存储在计算机400中的已知软件和数据表进行匹配,从而下载数据到计算机400或上载任何特定检测所需的信息到移动电话中。在一个实施例中,计算机400是医生办公室中的一台计算机。在另一个实施例中,计算机400是一个药物公司的药物相互作用数据库。而在还有一个实施例中,计算机400是一台记录有所有类型RFID传感器参照表的计算机。由于RFID能唯一地识别每种检测,数据、分析协议和/或软件的匹配可以得到保证。本实施例中所述的原理还可进一步延伸超出药物检测的领域,通过使用具有特异生物标记受体的一次性RFID检验片90,病人可使用诸如改进型移动电话的无线设备直接对任何医疗状态进行检测。伴随生物标记的发现越来越精细,只要使用廉价的诸如移动电话的无线技术,普通的无线技术便可用来对任何东西进行自诊断。对于那些不具备复杂的实验室设备但可使用移动电话技术的环境而言,这种廉价的诊断检测却是至关重要的。使用本实施例所述的技术特别对不发达国家有利,因为在这些国家中,某些局部地区不可能总是拥有复杂的实验室设备。
图21显示了被动型诊断RFID传感器在无线传感器网络和无线设备、无线地理定位、Internet、远程数据库访问、远程数据存储和远程数据分析中的应用。特别是如同该应用所描述的那样,被动型RFID诊断标签10可用来识别任何特定位置的特定危险460。无线标签10通过无线链接480由无线设备2激活,位于无线设备2中的微处理机和RFID解读器行使包括由全球定位系统(GPS)或非GPS方式执行的阅读、分析和地理定位的处理功能500。这种由GPS或非GPS方式执行的阅读、分析和地理定位在整体引用在此作为参考的美国专利6,031,454中有详细的叙述。无线设备2可通过无线链接510或间接地通过诸如Bluetooth的其它现有或即将出现的无线通信方式与邻近的移动电话塔或接收站380通信,移动电话塔380通过软链接或硬链接520与Internet390或无线网络连接,同时还通过软链接或硬链接540与至少一个远程计算机400连接。远程计算机400行使功能550,包括在现场存储分析任何特定诊断RFID传感器标签10所需的RFID表和相关的软件。此外,使用软链接或硬链接630时,任何远程无线设备600都可用来提供功能620,即通过无线设备2远程访问特定RFID传感器标签。
图21的含义如下。位于任何特定地理位置的任何无线设备600均可询问位于另一地区的一个特定的RFID传感器10,传感器10可以是多个诊断传感器,以下是一个简单应用的事例。传感器10可以是位于第二栋房子中的温度传感器,包括有一个置于水管上的聪明粘性补丁。该房子的主人可在远离第二栋房子的任一距离的家中远程检测其温度,以便确定例如水管是否有冻结的危险。设备2设计有双向的功能,也就是说,设备2经编程后可以远程记录或发送数据,也可以在任意地方和任何时间使其激活或对其询问。
图22详细地阐明了图21中所示的以及本发明所述的功能。任何RFID无线解读器均可用来解读兼容的RFID被动传感器,但必需的改进是使用多协议解读器(如G-2型解读器)。进一步的改进则是将这种多协议解读器性能直接置于单个的芯片集中,且最好是这种芯片集是诸如移动电话的普通无线设备的核心电子芯片。本领域技术人员将会清楚地知道,这种解读器性能还可以整合到另一个电子芯片中,这个电子芯片可包括在计算机中作为聪明的插入卡的一部分,或甚至成为一个与内在的通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus)口或类似的方便连接装置连接的RFID解读器设备。这种设备对于例如医师办公室极为重要,这里所述的被动型RFID诊断传感器的诊断功能可得到充分的应用。此外,这里所述的设备还可与Bluetooth、Zigbee或其它新近出现的技术兼容,使其具有更大的灵活性。
对于用户应用而言,在改进型移动电话上按下特殊RFID阅读键或一系列现有的按键,便能方便地询问任何特定的RFID标签。一旦一个特定的标签被激活,解读器设备可以如功能700所示检索标签的ID号,它不一定一开始就能识别如图中708所示的标签。如果RFID传感器标签采用新的国际标准,这样的识别将是标准的识别,并可与标签本身和/或解读器2中的数据表整合。如果传感器标签的ID被识别,解读器设备则不一定必需具有分析716所示的所述传感器所需的软件和处理能力。如果所述软件可用,分析可如746所示那样立即完成。然而,如果不具备所述的软件,设备必须首先通过功能720从一个特定的远程数据库400获得它。这个远程数据库可能是RFID标签或必须付费才能访问的诊断数据库的集中型数据库。然后,RFID传感器的ID与特定类型的传感器(如血糖传感器)匹配,供分析使用的软件和/或指令下载到功能738所示的解读器2中。这时设备的配置便能进行分析746。如果分析比较复杂(如神经网络或多变量),还会出现与计算机400更多的通信,超出解读器的处理能力。分析结果随后呈现在如758所示的移动电话或解读器上,或者分析结果以远程的方式显示或存储(如医生的办公室等)。上述路径并不完全局限于被动型RFID诊断传感器,还可以包括EPC标签、其它RF标签或传感器,如Bluetooth和另外的无线功能,如聪明的购物或“聪明的钱包”。
图23显示了两类传感器解读器功能结合成单个无线解读器以及生成的可包含在任何无线解读器中的新型无线芯片集。从设备800出发,正如专利6,031,454和本发明的发明人所提交的、整体引用在此作为参照的美国专利申请第2004/0119591A1号所叙述的那样,诸如移动电话的无线设备可通过改进包含多个传感器816,其中包括诊断传感器。由于它们直接与无线设备本身连接,这些传感器可谓是典型的“主动”型传感器,其中一个具体事例便是美国专利申请第2004/0119591A1号所叙述的移动电话,也可用作人体特异的气喘病检测器。除了这一能力之外,诸如移动电话的任何无线设备2可通过改进远程询问如本应用所述的任何主动型或被动型无线传感器4。该能力最好是多协议的能力,并能包括新近出现的标准,如Gen-2,以及其它未来的RFID和Bluetooth国际标准。
移动电话可能业已整合了其它许多功能(如Internet访问)。一种新近出现并广为使用的标准称之为第三代或3G功能,它也直接包括在芯片集中。
在本发明中,阅读任何“插接”式传感器和任何远程无线传感器的能力结合在850中,从而生成了一种新的多功能芯片集,可以使任何无线设备阅读任何传感器,无论它们是“插接”式传感器还是远程无线传感器。最为理想的是这些能力能包括在核心无线电子芯片(如3G芯片)中,这样就可以延伸无线设备的能力,无论传感器的生产商是谁,也不管它位于何地或其性质如何,它都能立即阅读和分析任何类型传感器、RFID标签、RFID传感器标签或Bluetooth标签。
正如前面的实施例所述,无线被动型RFID传感器在用户市场上可用于许多不同类型的诊断应用。使用诸如改进型的移动电话的无线设备,它们可用于国防和国土安全、楼房安全领域、医疗诊断行业、食品安全工业、家庭安全和其它的应用。这一技术可为关心对检测外部危险或有特殊医疗需求的用户、工人或任何其他人员提供极大的方便。
这里所叙述的诊断传感器技术也能适用于网络和国家紧急状态,通过使用特殊高功率的解读器,可以对装置有标签的物体进行远程(几千英尺)阅读。
尽管前面介绍了本发明的各种实施例,必须认识到它们仅仅是以事例的形式介绍于此,但决不局限于此。对于所属技术领域的技术人员来说,很明显只要不偏离本发明的精神和范围,可以进行各种形式和内容上的改变。因此,目前的本发明的宽度和深度决不局限于上述的任何实施例,而应根据其权利要求和等同物予以界定。
Claims (64)
1.一种诊断系统,它包括:
一个具有粘性部分且适合于置于表面的灵活补丁;
一个整合于所述补丁的无线射频识别(RFID)标签和传感器模块,它包括一根天线、一个RFID电子芯片和至少一个传感器;所述RFID标签和传感器模块通过使用所述的天线无线发射和接收应答激励的信号对所述激励作出应答;和
一个通过使用多协议适合与所述RFID标签和传感器模块进行通信的RFID解读器,所述RFID解读器适合在网络上通过使用多种通信协议进行通信。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块的相当大一部分整合到基质圆盘上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其特征在于所述基质圆盘包括一层随附的保护层;当所述的补丁置于表面时,所述保护层与表面直接接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于所述保护层由一种适应与来自所述表面的激励进行反应的半渗透性材料组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块包括:
一个传感器界面,它具有与至少一个所述传感器耦连的模拟数字转换器;和
一个与所述传感器界面通信的控制器;所述控制器具有一个存储器,其中的传感器数据表适用于分析所述RFID标签和传感器模块中至少一个所述传感器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于所述控制器将传感器识别号存储在所述传感器数据表中。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于,该系统还进一步包括一个与所述控制器通信的温度传感器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于对所述激励进行应答包括自动检测所述表面上的电学、化学、生物学和物理要素。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID解读器是从移动电话、个人数字助理、呼机和计算机的集合中挑选的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述表面是人体的皮肤表面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块还进一步包括一个适合于稳定所述RFID标签和传感器模块中电压的能量单元。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述补丁包括至少一个显微刀,当所述补丁压在所述表面上时,所述显微刀适合于从所述表面抽血;其中的表面是人体的皮肤表面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块构成一个集成电路。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述补丁包括:
一种基底,具有样品输入口,可使分析物在毛细力作用下移动;和
至少一个检验区域,它与所述基底区域结合在一起,适合于俘获流经所述检验区域的抗原。
15.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于至少一个所述传感器是血糖传感器。
16.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于至少一个所述传感器是心脏传感器。
17.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于至少一个所述传感器是辐射传感器。
18.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块包括至少一个连接点,它使RFID标签和传感器模块连接到结构应力上,从而构成一个RFID应力传感器。
19.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述补丁是一次性的。
20.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID传感器还进一步包括为所述RFID传感器提供能量的发电模块。
21.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述网络包括一个远程存储和数据处理单元,适合于远程存储和分析所述RFID解读器读取的数据。
22.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID解读器包括一个微处理机,适合于分析和地理定位所述的补丁。
23.根据权利要求22所述的系统,其特征在于所述地理定位是通过全球定位系统进行的。
24.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块整合到一个免疫检验片中。
25.一个人体诊断系统,包括:
一个具有无线射频识别(RFID)标签和传感器模块的补丁,能与皮肤表面连接,适合于自动检测预先确定的通过皮肤的要素,并发送与所述预先确定的要素对应的信号;
一个通过使用网络与所述补丁通信的RFID解读器,它适合于使用多协议分析、接收和发送所述补丁的信号;和
一个与所述RFID解读器通信的远程存储和数据单元,它分析和存储所述补丁和所述RFID的数据,它还通过使用所述网络将分析和存储的数据发送到所述的RFID解读器。
26.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其特征在于,该系统还进一步包括一个远程无线设备,适合于远程访问由所述RFID标签和传感器模块自动检测的所述预先确定的要素。
27.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其特征在于所述预先确定的要素包括人体的电学、化学、生物学和物理要素。
28.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其特征在于所述网络是一个无线网络,通过使用包括Bluetooth、Wi-Fi、Broadband、WLAN和3G的通信协议进行通信。
29.根据权利要求25所述的系统,其特征在于所述RFID解读器是一个移动电话。
30.一个与无线射频识别(RFID)标签和传感器模块通信的个人无线通信设备,包括:
一个多协议RFID解读器,与所述RFID标签和传感器模块兼容并适合于激活所述RFID标签和传感器模块;
一个与所述RFID解读器通信的微处理机,适合于分析和存储由所述RFID解读器读取的数据;和
至少一个与所述微处理机耦连的天线,用来发射和接收所述RFID解读器、微处理机和RFID标签和传感器模块读取的数据;所述天线适合于通过使用网络发射和接收外部设备的数据。
31.根据权利要求30所述的设备,其特征在于所述多协议RFID解读器、微处理机和天线整合于移动电话内。
32.根据权利要求30所述的设备,其特征在于所述微处理机适合于确定所述RFID标签的位置。
33.根据权利要求30所述的设备,其特征在于所述多协议RFID解读器、微处理机和天线整合于一个个人数字助理内。
34.根据权利要求30所述的设备,其特征在于所述外部设备是一个远程存储/数据处理单元,适合于分析、存储和发送从所述天线接收到的数据。
35.一个诊断系统,包括:
一个有粘性部分的补丁,适合于埋置在一个结构中;
一个具有集成温度模块的无线射频识别(RFID)标签和传感器模块,所述RFID标签和传感器模块与所述补丁结合并具有一根天线和至少一个传感器,所述RFID标签和传感器模块通过使用所述天线无线发送和接收与所述激励对应的信号对激励作出应答;和
一个与所述RFID标签和传感器组件通信的无线RFID解读器,适合于通过使用多协议在网络上进行通信。
36.根据权利要求35所述的系统,其特征在于所述激励是所述结构中的缺陷。
37.根据权利要求35所述的系统,其特征在于所述激励是存在于所述结构中的昆虫。
38.一个用于诊断测量的免疫检验片系统,包括:
一种构成检验片的基底;
至少一个位于所述基底上的检验区域,用来俘获抗原;和
一个与所述基底结合的无线射频识别(RFID)标签和传感器模块,所述RFID标签和传感器模块适合于自动检测和发送与至少一个所述检验区域俘获的抗原对应的信号。
39.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,它还进一步包括一个无线解读器。所述无线解读器适合于通过使用多协议接收和处理所述RFID标签和传感器模块的信号。
40.根据权利要求39所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述无线解读器是一个移动电话。
41.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述RFID标签和传感器模块包括一个温度传感器。
42.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述检验片是一次性的。
43.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述检验片适合于进行定量蛋白测量。
44.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述检验片适合于进行定量生物标记测量。
45.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述检验片构成一个疾病特异的传感器设备。
46.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,其特征在于所述检验片适合于进行病前的特异检测。
47.根据权利要求38所述的免疫检验片,它适合于进行药物毒性检测。
48.一种生产病菌特异的无线射频识别(RFID)标签和传感器组件的方法,包括如下步骤:
提供基底;
在所述基底上印刷导线,其中,所述导线界定一个传感器区域;
印刷保护帽,所述保护帽掺杂有对所述传感器区域中病菌特异的酶作用敏感的材料;
在所述基底上印刷天线;和
使RFID标签和传感器模块与所述基底结合。
49.一个能进行无线诊断的多功能个人无线通信设备,它能与至少一个无线射频(RF)可寻址传感器通信并具有无线射频识别标签和传感器单元;所述设备包括:
一个用户界面,用于接收用户的输入和发送对应所述输入的信号;
一个多协议RF解读器,适合于接收所述的输入信号;所述RF解读器适合于检索RF可寻址传感器的唯一识别,能下载阅读和分析RF可寻址传感器所需的软件;
一个具有存储功能的控制器,适合于处理和发送所述RF解读器接收的信号;和
至少一个配置用来接收RF可寻址传感器的信号和发送所述控制器和RF解读器的信号的天线。
50.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述通信设备适合于地理定位至少一个RF可寻址传感器。
51.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述无线通信设备是移动电话。
52.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述多协议RF解读器可从远程数据库下载阅读和分析RF可寻址传感器所需的软件。
53.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述设备是一个个人数字助理。
54.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述用户界面包括一个预先配置的、能启动RF可寻址传感器进行阅读的按钮。
55.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,它还进一步包括一种在通信网络上接收处理传感器信息的方式。
56.根据权利要求49所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,它还进一步包括一种连接可移动的传感器模块的方式,其中,所述可移动的传感器模块提供至少一个能监测特定健康功能或检测大气中是否存在有害物质的传感器。
57.根据权利要求56所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述控制器、网络通信方式、RF可寻址传感器通信方式、可移动的传感器方式和用户界面被整合到单个电子芯片上。
58.根据权利要求57所述的多功能个人无线通信设备,其特征在于所述单个电子芯片是一个3G芯片集。
59.一个芯片上实验室微流体传感器,可进行快速诊断测量且测量结果可用远程无线RF解读器直接读取,包括:
能传输信号的导线;
一种芯片实验室的基底,至少具有一个与其结合的检验区域和一个将所述导线与所述检验区域耦连的传感器界面;
一个与所述基底结合的温度模块,适合于产生对应于温度的信号;
一个具有控制器、附有稳压电路的RF电源和通信界面的可寻址无线射频(RF)芯片;所述RF芯片接收所述导线和温度模块的信号,它适合于处理所述导线、温度模块和无线RF解读器的信号;和
至少一根天线,适合于接收所述无线RF解读器和RF芯片的信号和发送所述芯片实验室微流体传感器的信号。
60.根据权利要求59所述的芯片实验室设备,其特征在于所述微流体传感器能进行定量蛋白测量,且测量结果可用无线RF解读器直接读取。
61.根据权利要求59所述的芯片实验室设备,其特征在于所述微流体传感器能进行定量生物标记测量,且测量结果可用无线RF解读器直接读取。
62.根据权利要求59所述的芯片实验室设备,其特征在于所述微流体传感器适合于进行DNA检测,且检测结果可用无线RF解读器直接读取。
63.一种使用无线解读器设备进行即刻诊断的免疫测定试验片,其中,所述无线解读器设备适合于在无线网络上进行通信,所述免疫测定试验片包括:
至少一个与射频芯片结合的检验区域,所述芯片与所述无线设备通信,并为所述检验区域提供能量;和
所述检验区域是测量生物分子存在和数量的电免疫测定区域。
64.根据权利要求63所述的免疫测定试验片,其特征在于所述无线射频芯片是从RFID芯片、Bluetooth芯片、Zigbee芯片IEEE1073芯片集合中挑选出来的。
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Application publication date: 20070214 |