TW201501660A - 通風插入件 - Google Patents

通風插入件 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201501660A
TW201501660A TW103107701A TW103107701A TW201501660A TW 201501660 A TW201501660 A TW 201501660A TW 103107701 A TW103107701 A TW 103107701A TW 103107701 A TW103107701 A TW 103107701A TW 201501660 A TW201501660 A TW 201501660A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
fiber
acid
layer
venting
insert
Prior art date
Application number
TW103107701A
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English (en)
Other versions
TWI556753B (zh
Inventor
Gerald Jarre
Birger Lange
Volker Braeunling
Thomas Arnold
Iain Smith
Nermina Zaplatilek
Stephanie Lambertz
Ulrich Schneider
Dominic Kramer
Original Assignee
Freudenberg Carl Kg
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Publication of TW201501660A publication Critical patent/TW201501660A/zh
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Publication of TWI556753B publication Critical patent/TWI556753B/zh

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    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/28Means for ventilation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/10Impermeable to liquids, e.g. waterproof; Liquid-repellent
    • A41D31/102Waterproof and breathable
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    • D06M10/02Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
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    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/165Ethers
    • D06M13/17Polyoxyalkyleneglycol ethers
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    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D06M13/2243Mono-, di-, or triglycerides
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    • D06M15/263Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
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    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/27Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof of alkylpolyalkylene glycol esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids
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    • D06M15/273Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof of unsaturated carboxylic esters having epoxy groups
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    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/285Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides
    • D06M15/29Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides containing a N-methylol group or an etherified N-methylol group; containing a N-aminomethylene group; containing a N-sulfidomethylene group
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    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/347Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated ethers, acetals, hemiacetals, ketones or aldehydes
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    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/356Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
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    • D06M15/21Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/356Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
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Abstract

一種設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件(1,1’),具有至少一個層(2),其中層(2)被吸收材料(3)至少部分覆蓋住且具有通風孔(4),由於吸收材料(3)膨脹,通風孔(4)受液體的作用能夠被至少部分封閉住,可利用包括下列步驟的方法製造出這種通風插入件:a)利用由一種混合物處理帶有通風孔(4)的層(2),此種混合物是由作為吸收材料(3)之先期階段的可聚合的單體或低聚物及交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及引發劑混合而成;b)使單體或低聚物聚合成吸收材料(3),此時在吸收材料(3)及層(2)之間會形成材料決定的連接。 本發明的目的是提出這種通風插入件,並對其進行進一步的改善,本發明的通風插入件必須具備製造成本低、不受濕度影響能夠長時間保持相當小的厚度、單位面積重量很低、以及具有很高的彈性等優點,同時本發明的通風插入件必須是單層結構,具有自動密封的通風孔,以及含有不會逸失的吸收材料,發明之通風插入件的其特徵為吸收材料(3)至少在部分區域是以材料決定的方式與層(2)連接。

Description

通風插入件
本發明涉及一種設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件。此外本發明還涉及一種製造通風插入件的方法,以及將通風插入件作為濕度調節器及/或空氣調節器的應用。
前面提及的通風插入件屬於已知的先前技術。這種通風插入件通常具有由多個層構成的層狀結構。
EP 1 921 939 B1揭示一種由3個層構成的通風插入件。其中一個層構成核心單元,而且核心單元的兩個面被另外兩個功能層圍繞住。這兩個功能層是經由黏著或縫合通風插入件的兩個外緣彼此連接在一起,因此具有膨脹性的材料能夠鬆散且自由的被裝填在兩個功能層之間。這種構造方式的缺點是,在進行機械加工時,尤其是縫合通風插入件時,例如縫到紡織物內,由於沒有固定的關係,具有膨脹性的材料可能會從穿孔處逸出。
核心單元是一種具有膨脹性的材料或蒸氣吸收劑。核 心單元可以經由黏著劑與其中一個功能層或兩個功能層連接。如果是利用黏著劑固定具有膨脹性的材料,則通風插入件的單位面積重量為明顯變大。
如果不使用黏著劑固定就將核心單元裝填到兩個功能層之間,核心單元可能會自由膨脹,並吸收大量的液體。這會使核心單元的體積及重量明顯增加。可以透過兩個功能層將單位面積重量限制在一定的範圍內,其中這兩個功能層是以彼此相距一定距離並保持此一距離的方式連接在一起。
DE 10 2006 042 145 B3揭示一種由7個層構成的通風插入件。其中3個層構成一個核心單元,而且核心單元的兩個面被另外兩個功能層圍繞住。核心單元具有兩個有裝填具有膨脹性之材料的通風層。核心單元的通風層被其他的功能層壓縮成子區域,因而形成一個由均勻的格柵構成的格柵結構。為此所使用的是以壓鑄法製作的帶有均勻缺口的功能層。這種插入件的製造工作非常麻煩,而且成本很高。一方面必須非常費事的以壓鑄法製作功能層,另一方面又必須將7個層接合在一起,才能製造出可供使用的插入件。
由於具有多層結構的關係,前面提及之專利文獻揭示的通風插入件都具有相當大的構造高度及/或厚度,以及很高的單位面積重量,因此是僵硬而缺乏彈性的。這會使通風插入件的加工變困難,尤其是與紡織物的縫合或黏著會變得更困難。
本發明的目的是提出一種如本文開頭描述的通風插入件,並對其進行進一步的改善,本發明的通風插入件必須具備製造成本低、不受濕度影響能夠長時間保持相當小的厚度、單位面積重量很低、以及具有很高的彈性等優點,同時本發明的通風插入件必須是單層結構,具有自動密封的通風孔,以及含有不會逸失的吸收材料。
採用申請專利範圍第1項之特徵的通風插入件即可達到上述目的。
本發明之通風插入件的特徵是吸收材料至少在部分區域是以材料決定的方式與層連接。
根據本發明,由於吸收材料是以材料決定的方式連接於層內,因此吸收材料的吸收能力會受到限制,同時通風孔能夠自動密封住。之所以能夠自動密封住是因為吸收材料膨脹將通風孔全部或部分填滿,因而使液體及/或氣體無法通過,較佳是使水及/或空氣無法通過。
根據本發明,所謂吸收材料是指能夠膨脹的材料,較佳是吸收液體膨脹的材料,尤其是吸收水膨脹的材料,且能夠吸收的液體的重量是本身重量的至少10倍、20倍、50倍或更多倍。原則上本發明的吸收材料可用於吸收任何液體,尤其是用於吸收水、含水的鹽溶液、雨水、凝結水、血液、及/或尿液。吸收材料較佳是不溶於水。
由於使用材料決定的連接方式,裝填在層內的吸收材料不會逸失。本發明的層較佳是一種紡織物層。這種紡織 物層可使通風插入件的加工變得更簡單,尤其是縫合及黏著。
由於使用材料決定的連接方式,因此可以形成單層結構。另一個優點是,由於通風插入件為單層結構,因此具有很好的彈性及可移動性,而且厚度很小。
另一個優點是,吸收材料能夠將層穩定化,因此無需另外設置強化單元。
較佳是將吸收材料作為黏合劑使用。
此外,透過以吸收材料將層部分或整個覆蓋住的方式,可以自由調整吸收材料的使用量,達到調整通風插入件吸收液體的量的目的。這樣就可以透過充分的空氣循環達到理想的濕度調節,並經由適當的調整降低重量及體積的增加程度。
一種有利的方式是以吸收材料將層的纖維部分或完全塗覆。此時吸收材料是作為設置在纖維表面上的附著層。此處所謂的塗覆可以是塗上一個將纖維完整環繞及/或包裹住的薄層或厚層。這樣做可以在吸收材料及層的纖維之間形成良好的黏附作用。此外,這樣做也可以完美的調整吸收材料層的厚度。
因此可以達到以上提及的本發明的目的。
吸收材料可以是露空的,也就是說沒有將吸收材料覆蓋住或圍繞住的覆蓋層。這樣做有助於迅速吸收液體,因此在這種情況下可以省掉液體流過載體及/或覆蓋層的時間。
本發明使用的吸收材料在接觸到液體時,會產生形狀改變,尤其是膨脹及體積變大,因此能夠將通風孔封閉住。
在吸收液體時,通風插入件的厚度可能會改變及/或變大0至20倍、較佳是2至12倍、或最好是3至10倍。厚度的測定是按照DIN EN 9073-2的方法進行。厚度的這種變化程度是可能的,因為材料決定的連接的關係,液體在層內能夠被均勻的吸收。
層可以是由不織布、不織布材料、編織物、針織物或玻璃纖維構成。因此可以製造出結構特別平坦的通風插入件,而且很容易使通風插入件變形。這可以使通風插入件易於被進一步加工。
根據本發明,一種有利的方式是使用不織布材料,而且可以利用機械、化學及/或加熱等方法強化這種材料。例如可以利用滾針技術或利用水射流及/或空氣使層的纖維交織,達到機械強化的目的。透過這種方式可以製造出非常軟而且單位面積重量很小的產品。
如果是使用化學強化的不織布材料,可以利用浸泡、噴灑、或其他常見的塗抹方法將一種黏合劑或製造本發明之通風插入件用的混合物塗覆在纖維絨毛上。
根據本發明的一種有利的實施方式,層含有以下的纖維:聚烯烴纖維(尤其是聚苯硫醚纖維)、聚酯纖維(尤其是聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯纖維,聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯纖維)、聚醯胺纖維(尤其是聚醯胺6.6(Nylon)纖維,聚醯胺6.0 (Perlon)纖維)、聚氯乙烯纖維、聚丙烯腈纖維、聚亞醯胺纖維、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)纖維、芳綸纖維、羊毛纖維、棉纖維、絲纖維、麻纖維、竹纖維、大麻槿纖維、劍麻纖維、纖維素纖維、大豆纖維、亞麻纖維、玻璃纖維、玄武岩纖維、碳纖維、黏膠纖維、或以上纖維的混合物。經實驗證實,以上述纖維製成的通風插入件具有很高的耐磨強度。
一種特別有利的方式是層含有以下的纖維:聚乙烯纖維、聚丙烯纖維、聚醯胺纖維、聚-p-對苯二甲醯對苯二胺纖維、聚-m-對苯二甲醯對苯二胺纖維、棉纖維、黏膠纖維、或以上纖維的混合物。
根據本發明,層具有通風孔。通風孔可以是存在於由層內的孔隙(尤其是纖維結構的孔隙)所形成。按照ISO 8971-4的方法得出層的孔隙率較佳是在50至95%,尤其是是80至90%之間。另外一種可能的方式是經由產生缺口及/或貫穿孔的方式形成通風孔。透過通風孔使吸收材料在吸收液體後,能夠相應於通風孔的幾何形狀在空間中產生有限度的膨脹,同時通風插入件的重量及體積增加的程度亦可隨之變化。
通風孔可以呈統計學分佈。這使液體在層內能夠被快速吸收。在通風孔內最好是直接在液體滲入的位置產生局部液體吸收。
此外,通風孔也可以具有不規則的幾何結構。因此而產生的毛細管效應皮液體在層內被快速吸收。
可以將通風插入件製作的非常薄。例如根據DIN EN 9073-2測得通風插入件的厚度為20至10000μm、較佳是100至7000μm、或最好是300至4000μm。這樣按照尺寸裁剪的通風插入件就可以應用於不同的場合,尤其是應用於構造空間或可用空間受限的場合。
單位面積重量可以在很大的範圍內變化。根據DIN EN 29073-1測得通風插入件的單位面積重量為5至600g/m2、較佳是30至400g/m2、或最好是50至200g/m2。單位面積重量在上述範圍內的通風插入件具有很好的穩定性。
根據一種有利的實施方式,根據DIN ISO 2942測得通風插入件的起泡點為10至2500mbar、較佳是在100至1500mbar、或最好是在500至1000mbar。所謂起泡點是指要透過膨脹的通風插入件壓縮空氣所需的壓力。對具有上述起泡點的通風插入件而言,通風孔會因為吸收材料膨脹而盡可能快速且完全被封閉住。因此對繼續滲入的液體具有良好的密封性。
在0.1至1bar、較佳是0.2至0.9bar、或最好是0.3至0.8bar的壓力範圍,通風插入件可以在是防水的。為了測定防水性,可利用Pfaff方法製作的透水測試儀測定透水性。從本發明的通風插入件沖壓出3個直徑12.5cm的圓形測量試體供測量之用。在溫度18至25℃及壓力1bar的條件下進行測量。通過一個注入口將滲透物(水)注入透水測試儀,直到密封上緣為止。接著用一個夾子將測量試 體固定在透水測試儀上。然後慢慢打開壓縮空氣閥。壓縮空氣閥一直保持在打開的狀態,直到第一滴水滴穿透測量試體為止。從測量試體的另一面將滲入的水滴拭去。在20秒內將壓縮空氣的壓力升高到0.1bar。接著維持0.1bar的壓力10分鐘,以測定透水性。如果沒有任何水滴穿透測量試體,表示測量試體在這個壓力下是防水的。接著每一步驟將壓縮空氣的壓力提高0.1bar,以測定水滴在多大的壓力下會穿透測量試體。這種通風插入件的特徵是能夠快速封閉通風孔。
根據DIN EN ISO 9237測得通風插入件在乾燥狀態下的透氣性為100至5000dm3/(m2s)、較佳是400至2500dm3/(m2s)、或最好是500至1800dm3/(m2s)。透氣性的測量應在接觸到液體之前進行。經實驗證實,在上述透氣性範圍內,能夠進行有效的空氣交換,以及高效率的將液體排出,例如以形成水珠的方式排出。
根據一種有利的實施方式,所選擇的吸收材料能夠透過體積縮小將所吸收的液體排出,這樣就可以透過液體的蒸發使被部分封閉住的通風孔再度打開,這個過程較佳是在-20至70℃的溫度範圍及0.1至5bar的壓力下進行,尤其是在-10至50℃的溫度範圍及0.3至3bar的壓力下進行。吸收材料最好是在不受壓力及溫度變化的影響下自發性的將液體排出。
通風孔的打開及封閉可以是一種可逆的過程。這使通風插入件可以被多方面且長期性的使用。此外,這也可以 延長通風插入件的使用壽命。
通風插入件可以不含任何親水性纖維。親水性纖維佔通風插入件的總重量的比例可以小於100%、較佳是小於50%、最好是小於25%、或甚至是0%。這樣做有助於盡快將通風孔封閉住。
本發明還包括一種製造設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件的方法,包括下列步驟:a)利用由一種混合物處理帶有通風孔的層,此種混合物是由作為吸收材料之先期階段的可聚合的單體或低聚物及交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及引發劑混合而成;b)使單體或低聚物聚合成吸收材料,此時在吸收材料及層之間會形成材料決定的連接。
令人訝異的是,加入潤濕劑可以影響上述混合物的表面張力,使吸收材料與層產生材料決定的連接,以及確保吸收材料與層的連接不致鬆開。
這樣做的優點是無需使用黏膠、黏合劑及/或附著劑就可以使吸收材料與層連接。因此可以省掉一個製造步驟,也就是省掉將吸收材料與層固定在一起的步驟。而且也不需透過加熱將吸收材料與層固定在一起。
利用本發明的方法可以直接將吸收材料設置於層內,並與層連接在一起。這樣做可以控制吸收材料的液體吸收及膨脹,以及在層內自行將通風孔封閉住。
本發明的方法的另一個優點是,吸收材料的聚合使其在層內具有很好的附著性,同時以這種方法製造的通風插 入件具有更高的耐磨強度。
本發明所謂的潤濕劑可以是一種天然物質或人造物質,溶解在溶液或混合物中的潤濕劑可以降低水或其他液體的表面張力,使水或其他液體更容易滲入固體(例如層)的表面,將空氣擠出,達到將固體的表面浸透及潤濕的目的。
以下都是有利的潤濕劑:丙三醇,丙二醇,山梨醇,三羥基硬脂精,苯酚,含酸樹脂,磷脂,環氧乙烷/脂肪-醇醚,含有丙二醇的環氧丙烷的乙氧基化物,山梨醇及丙三醇的酯,以及上述物質的混合物。
一種特別有利的方式是以具有下列化學式的化合物作為潤濕劑:RO(CH2CH2O)xH
其中R代表一個線性或分枝的烷基,同時x=4;5;6.3;6.5;7;8;9;10或11,較佳是x=6.5;7;8;9;10,尤其是x=6.5;7;8;9。經實驗證實,使用這種潤濕劑可以有效降低混合物的表面張力,使混合物更容易滲入層。因此可以大幅強化吸收材料及層之間的附著強度。
根據本發明,烷基是一種帶有1至30個、3至20個、4至17個、或最好是6至11個碳原子的飽和脂肪烴基。烷基可以是線性的,也可以是分枝的,而且可以選擇性的被一或多個帶有1至14個碳原子的飽和脂肪烴基取代。
經實驗證明,當潤濕劑佔混合物的總重量的比例為 0.1至5%(重量百分比)、較佳是1至4%(重量百分比)、或最好是1.5至3.5%(重量百分比)時,可以使層達到特別均勻的潤濕。
添加潤濕劑,使混合物根據DIN 55660測得的表面張力在10至72dyn、較佳是15至60dyn、或最好是20至68dyn的範圍,可以使層達到非常好的潤濕效果。
交聯是指使許多單一的巨分子聯結成一個三度空間網路的反應。可以直接在巨分子的結構上形成聯結,或是透過反應在已存在的聚合物上形成聯結。
透過交聯過程可以改變交聯之物質的特性,而且改變的程度會隨著交聯度的升高而變大。交聯度是用來描述聚合網路的一個量化指標。交聯度是交聯之基本構造單元的莫耳數除以巨分子網路中所有的基本構造單元所得的商。交聯度是以一個無量綱的數字表示,或是以百分比(物質含量比)表示。
本發明使用的交聯劑透過化學鍵橋將單體及/或低聚物彼此連接或交聯在一起。鍵橋的形成可以降低吸收材料的非水溶性。吸收材料會因為液體滲入而膨脹,同時這個網路會在分子層面上拉緊,因而使通風孔自行封閉住。這樣就可以阻止液體滲透及/或通過通風孔。
本發明的方法使用的交聯劑具有至少兩個反應性功能基,在聚合過程中,這至少兩個反應性功能基能夠與可聚合之單體或低聚物的功能基產生反應。
交聯劑較佳是具有至少一個烯烴基、羧基及/或羧酸 鹽基。以下均為適當的交聯劑:二丙烯酸乙二醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸二甘醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸丙二醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸聚丙二醇酯,季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,N-羧甲基丙烯醯胺,丙三醇三甲基丙烯酸酯,甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯,N,N’-亞甲基二甲基丙烯醯胺,馬來酸二烯丙酯,鄰苯二甲酸二烯苯酯,對苯二甲酸二烯苯酯,三聚氰酸三烯丙醇酯,三聚異氰酸三烯丙醇酯,磷酸三烯丙醇酯,聚二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯,聚乙二醇縮水甘油醚,脂肪族多元醇的二縮水甘油醚或聚縮水甘油醚,乙二醇二縮水甘油醚,香葉烯,以及上述化合物的混合物。
以下均為非常有利的交聯劑:二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸乙酯,1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,1,3,5-三-烯丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮,1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,三羥甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,N,N’-亞甲基二丙烯醯胺,以及上術合物的混合物。這些交聯劑特別適於用來控制吸收材料的吸收能力,使其只需吸收通風孔少量的液體就可將封閉住。這使得通風插入件吸收液體後的重量僅有很小的變化。
交聯度應在4.7*10-5至1.9*10-1之間、較佳是在2.3*10-4至1.3*10-1之間、或最好是在4.7*10-4至4.9*10-2之間。高交聯度可以限制吸收材料的吸收能力,也就是僅吸收少量的液體就可以將通風孔封閉。因此吸入液體後重量幾乎不會改變。
根據本發明的一種有利的實施方式,交聯劑佔單體總重量的0.01至40.00%(重量百分比)、較佳是0.05至28.00%(重量百分比)、0.1至20.00%(重量百分比)。當交聯劑的含量處於上述範圍,吸收材料的吸收能力足以在接觸到液體時,完美且盡可能快速的將通風孔封閉住。
根據本發明的另一種有利的實施方式,以下均為有利的可聚合的單體或低聚物:單甘醇不飽和單碳酸(尤其是丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,馬來酸,富馬酸)、巴豆酸、山梨酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸、單甘醇不飽和聚碳酸酐(尤其是馬來酸酐)、碳酸鹽(較佳是水溶性的鹽,尤其是鹼金屬鹽,銨鹽或胺鹽)、單甘醇不飽和單碳酸或聚碳酸(尤其是馬來酸甲基鈉,三甲胺甲基馬來酸,三乙醇胺甲基馬來酸,馬來酸鈉,馬來酸甲胺)、磺酸(較佳是脂肪族或芳香族乙烯磺酸,尤其是乙烯磺酸,烯丙基磺酸,乙烯基甲苯磺酸,苯乙烯磺酸,甲基丙烯基磺酸)、2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯基氧丙基磺酸、磺丙基丙烯酸甲酯、磺酸鹽(較佳是含磺酸基之單體或低聚物的鹼金屬鹽,銨鹽或胺鹽)、氫氧化物(較佳是單甘醇不飽和乙醇,多元醇的單甘醇不飽和醚或酯,尤其是甲基烯丙醇,烷基二醇,丙三醇,聚氧化烯多元醇,甲基丙烯酸烴乙酯,甲基丙烯酸烴丙酯,甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯,聚乙二醇氧化丙二醇單甲基醚,其中必要時可將羥基醚化或酯化),胺(較佳是乙烯基甲醯胺,甲基丙烯醯胺,N-烷基甲醯胺,N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺,N-羥基甲基丙烯醯胺,N-己基丙烯醯胺,N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺, N,N’-二-n-丙基丙烯醯胺,N-羥甲基甲基丙烯醯胺,N-羥基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺,N,N-二羥基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺,乙烯基內醯胺,尤其是N-乙烯基吡咯酮)、胺基化合物(較佳是含胺基的酯,單甘醇不飽和單碳酸或雙碳酸,雜環乙烯基化合物,尤其是二烷基胺烷基酯,二羥基烷基胺烷基酯,嗎啉基烷基酯),乙烯基吡啶(尤其是2-乙烯基咪唑,4-乙烯基咪唑,N-乙烯基吡啶基,N-乙烯基咪唑),四價銨鹽(較佳是N,N,N-三烷基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧烷基銨鹽,尤其是N,N,N-三甲基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨,N,N,N-三甲基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨,N,N,N-三乙基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨,2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲基氯化銨,尤其是二甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,二甲基丙烯酸二乙氨乙酯,嗎啉乙基二甲基丙烯酸酯,二甲基丙烯酸延胡索酸鹽),以及上述化合物的混合物。
單體或低聚物佔混合物總重量的比例為3至80%(重量百分比)、較佳是5至70%(重量百分比)要或最好是10至50%(重量百分比)。經實驗證實,這樣的單體或低聚物比例使吸收材料對液體(尤其是水)具有足夠的吸收能力,並能夠使通風插入件特別穩定。
本發明所稱的引發劑是指為啟動及產生所需要之聚合反應而添加到含有單體及/或低聚物及潤濕劑的混合物中的物質。
一種有利的方式是使用下列的化合物作為引發劑:水溶性偶氮化物、氧化還原系統、過氧化碳酸酯、噻噸、硫 胺、過氧化丁酮、碳酸二甲酯、草酸鹽、丁腈(較佳是戊腈)、茴香偶姻、二苯基甲酮、苯乙酮、著苯醯縮酮、4-亞聯苯基苯甲醯、苯丙醇胺、環烯丙基鐵(II)-異丙苯-六氟磷酸、10,11-二氫-5H-二苯並[a,d]環庚-5-酮、聯苯(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯)氧化膦、2-羥基-2-甲基苯丙酮、4’-乙氧基苯乙酮、乙基蒽醌、1-羥基環己基苯酮、2-甲基-4’-(甲硫基)-2-嗎啉基丙醯苯、菲醌、4-苯基苯乙酮、碳酸丙烯酯中的三芳基硫型六氟銻、碳酸丙烯酯中的三芳基硫型六氟磷酸鹽、α-羥基酮、苯基氧代乙酸、苯甲基縮酮、α-氨基酮、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二氫過氧基-己烷、1,3-二-(2-氫過氧基異丙基)-苯、單醯基三氫化磷、二醯基三氫化磷、三氫化磷氧化物、金屬茂合物、過氧化物、過硫酸鹽、過錳酸鹽、亞氯酸鹽、鈰鹽、碘鹽及/或次氯酸鹽;較佳是使用2,2’-氮雜雙2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷二鹽酸化物、氮雜雙(2-脒丙烷)二鹽酸化物、、偶氮-二-氰基戊酸、4-苯甲醯-N,N,N-三甲基苯甲烷氯化銨、2-羥基-3-(4-苯甲醯苯氧基)-3-N,N,N-三甲基-1-丙烷氯化銨一水合物、2-羥基-3-(3,4-二甲基-9-羰氧-9H-噻噸酮-2-基氧)-N,N,N-三甲基-1-丙烷氯化銨、2-羥基-1-[4-(羥基烷氧基)苯基]-2-甲基-1-丙酮、2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮、4-苯甲醯-N,N-二甲基-N-[2-(羰氧-2-丙烯基)氧]乙基苯甲烷氯化銨、1-[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羥基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮、2,2’-氮雜雙(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)、蒽醌-2-磺酸鈉一水合物、雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯)-苯基氧化膦、二苯鉻、 苯胺、苯偶姻乙醚、苯偶姻甲醚、苯偶姻異丁醚、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐、4-苯基二苯甲酮、2-芐基-2-(二甲基胺)-4’-嗎啉基丁醯苯、4,4’-雙(二乙基胺)二苯基甲酮、4,4’-雙(二甲基胺)二苯基甲酮、4,4’-二甲基二苯基乙二酮、2,5-二甲基二苯基甲酮、3,4-二甲基二苯基甲酮、3’-羥基苯乙酮、4’-羥基苯乙酮、3-羥基二苯基甲酮、α,α-二甲氧基-α-苯基苯乙酮、4-羥基二苯基甲酮、2-甲基二苯基甲酮、二烷氧基苯乙酮、α-羥基烷基苯基酮、α-胺基烷基苯基酮、4,4’-二羥基二苯基甲酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、4-(二甲基胺基)二苯基甲酮、3-甲基二苯基甲酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、2-羥基-2-甲基苯丙酮、2-羥基-2-甲基-苯丙酮、4-二甲基胺基二苯基甲酮、2,2-二乙氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、甲基苯甲醯、氧-苯基-丙烯酸-2-[2-羥基-乙氧基]-乙基酯、2-氯噻噸-9-酮、2-芐基-2-(二甲基胺基)-1-[4-(4-嗎啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(4-嗎啉基)苯基]-1-丙酮、二苯基-(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯)-氧化膦、苯基-雙-(2,4,6-三甲基)-苯甲醯-氧化膦、二茂鐵、二茂鈦、雙-η5-2,4-環戊二烯-1-基)-雙-[2,6-二氟-3-(1H-吡咯-1-基)-苯基]鈦、(4-甲基苯基)-[4-(2-甲基丙基-(4-甲基苯基)-(4-(2-甲基丙基)苯基]-六氟磷酸碘、過硫酸銨、過硫酸鉀、肯普醌、異丙苯環戊二烯基六氟酸鐵、二苯環庚二烯、羥基苯乙酮、硫蒽-9-酯、4,4’-二甲基二苯基乙二酮、2-乙基蒽醌、丙烯基氧化膦、2-甲基苯甲醯、二過氧化癸醯、過氧 化二月桂基酯、過氧化二苯甲醯、二-(2-乙基)-過氧化二碳酸酯、過氧化二碳酸二環己基酯、二-(4-叔丁基)-過氧化二碳酸環己基酯、過氧化二碳酸二丁二酮、過氧化二碳酸雙十四烷基酯、二叔丁基過氧化草酸鹽、2,2-氮雜雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2-氮雜雙(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-氮雜雙(2-甲基丁基戊腈)、2,2’-氮雜雙-N-(2-丙烯基)-2-甲基丙醯胺、甲基-2-2’-氮雜雙(2-甲基丙醯胺)、二甲基-2-2’-偶氮異丁基酯、1-羥基-環苯基己基甲酮、由叔戊酸/新癸酸/2-乙基己酸/過氧化叔丁醇/過氧化氫叔戊醇及/或異丙苯氫氧化物製成的過氧化碳酸酯、過氧化丁二酮、過氧化氫、2-(3,5,5-三甲基乙烯醯)過氧化物、過氧化羥基醇及/或過氧化叔丁醇(尤其是雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯)-苯基氧化膦、1-羥基環己基苯酮、二苯基甲酮及/或1-[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羥基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮。
引發劑佔混合物總重量的比例為0.1至3%(重量百分比)、較佳是0.5至2%(重量百分比)、或最好是0.7至1.5%(重量百分比)。
視應用領域而定,也可以將填充物添加到混合物中。填充物可以提高混合物的體積或重量,以及改善混合物的工程特性。以下均為有利的填充物:碳酸鹽(尤其是碳酸鈣)、炭黑(尤其是導電炭黑)、石墨、離子交換樹脂、活性碳、矽酸鹽(尤其是滑石)、陶土、雲母、氧化矽、白堊、硫酸鈣及硫酸鋇、氫氧化鋁、玻璃纖維及玻璃珠、木粉、纖維素粉末、珠光體、軟木粒或塑膠粒、磨成粉的熱塑性 塑膠、棉花纖維、碳纖維(尤其是磨成粉的碳纖維)、以兆上述材料的混合物。添加填充物可能會改變混合物的孔隙率及液體的可通過性。
此外,混合物也可以含有殺菌劑、解毒劑、共聚單體、防腐劑(尤其是三唑及/或苯並咪唑)、增稠劑、泡沫輔助劑、去泡劑、香料及/或生物合成物質。經實驗證實,添加銀粒粒、銅微粒及或奈米微粒可以達到生化作用。為了調節通風插入件的溫度,混合物也可以含有相變化材料(PCM)及/或紅外線反射顏料(較佳是硬石蠟膠及/或石蠟膠囊)。相變化材料較佳是具有很高的熔化熱,同時熱能可以經過很多次循環及很長時間以損耗極小的方式被儲存。相變化材料可以吸收、儲存及釋出體熱及環境熱。
經過製造步驟b),也就是單體及/或低聚物的聚合可以產生一種超級吸收體。超級吸收體的特徵是對液體具有很強的結合性及吸收力。根據本發明,所謂超級吸收體是指一種最多能夠吸收及/或吸收相當於本身重量之500倍重的液體(最好是水)的聚合物,其中該聚合物的體積會變大。
為了形成混合物,較佳是將單體及/或低聚物溶解(較佳是溶解於含水溶液)或乳化。混合物的含水量佔混合物總重量的比例為20至90%(重量百分比),較佳是30至80%(重量百分比)。如果交聯劑不能溶解,可以加入乳化形式的交聯劑。另外還可以加入能夠與水混合的有機溶劑,以溶解或彌散交聯劑。接著可以加入潤濕劑及引發 劑。
聚合反應較佳是在pH=3至6(較佳是pH=4.3至5.5)的酸性環境中進行。在這樣的條件下,混合物特別穩定。
可以加入一種氫氧化物(較佳是鹼金屬氫氧化物,尤其是氫氧鈉、氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鋰)、鹼金屬的碳酸鹽、及/或氨水,以便將丙烯酸單體及/或前面提及的酸性單體或低聚物中和。由於氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀具有易於從市場上購得、價格較低以及安全性較高等優點,因此是較佳是使用氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀。
可以透過浸泡、塗抹或噴灑混合物的方式對層進行加工。較佳是將混合物塗覆在層上,尤其是利用刮刀或吻合塗覆的方式進行塗覆。刮刀塗覆通常是以刮刀(抹刀)在襯墊、滾筒、桌子或基底上進行塗覆。所謂刮刀是指一種塗覆裝置。首先將塗覆裝置固定在輸送帶的整個寬度上。接著利用刮刀(抹刀)、滾筒刮刀、空氣刮刀、橡膠布刮刀、支架刮刀、桌式刮刀、螺旋刮刀及/或箱式刮刀進行塗覆。吻合塗覆通常是使用一個打印滾筒,此打印滾筒具有光滑的表面,或是經過腐蝕及機械加工或滾花處理而帶有凹陷的表面。混合物可以經由打印滾筒被轉移到要塗覆的平面構成物上。凹陷的大小及形狀沒有任何限制,而且可以用連續或不連續的方式分佈在打印滾筒的表面上。一種很有利的作法是以浸泡方式塗覆混合物,尤其是以滿池浸泡或泡沫浸泡的方式進行。滿池浸泡可以用一階段或多階段的方式進行,以便將精確的混合物量(每一平方公尺的 塗覆量)均勻的塗覆在紡織物上。滿池浸泡是利用滾筒壓力將處理織物的溶液壓入織物內。此處所謂處理織物的溶液包括處理溶液的所有成分,也就是說包括溶劑(最好是水)及其所含有所有溶解、乳化或彌散的成分(例如染色劑,微粒,顏料,化學藥劑及輔助材料)。
以浸泡、塗抹或噴灑等方式將混合物塗覆在層上的塗覆量可以在很大的範圍內變化。通常是在層的纖維構造物上形成10至2500g/m2(較佳是50至1200g/m2)的塗覆量。
對層進行過浸泡、塗抹或噴灑等塗覆方式後,可以將層置於兩個輥子及/或滾筒之間擠壓。經實驗證實,擠壓壓力在1至8bar(較佳是3至5bar)的範圍時,能夠調整到理想的塗覆量,以及使塗上去的混合物在層的纖維構造物中達到均勻的分佈。
接下來的步驟是使單體及/或低聚物進行聚合及硬化,因而形成吸收材料。視所使用的引發劑及反應條件而定,可以透過自動催化、離子化輻射或電漿加熱等方式啟動聚合反應。較佳是照射紫外線輻射的情況下使單體及/或低聚物聚合。
可以利用紫外線燈進行紫外線硬化。應根據混合物的成分及層的性質決定輻射強度及時間。採用40至400瓦/cm(較佳是100至250瓦/cm)的輻射強度及0.1至120秒的輻射時間可以達到很好的效果。一種有利的方式是在真空或無機氣體(較佳是氮氣、氦氣、氬氣或空氣)的環境中 進行紫外線硬化。
加熱硬化可以在加熱爐、空氣、隨性氣體或空中進行。另一種可能的方式是將塗覆在層上的混合物放到乾燥設備(例如通風乾燥箱或紅外線乾燥箱)中聚合及/或硬化。通常是在40至100℃的溫度中進行聚合及/或硬化。
在這樣的背景下,另一種可能性是照射電子輻射使混合物硬化。照射電子輻射的吸收劑量通常在1至16兆拉德(Megarad)、或較佳是在2至8兆拉德(Megarad)的範圍。
聚合反應結束後,可能需要清洗通風插入件,以去除污染物。最好是用水清洗,可以用連續或不連續的方式清洗。透過多次清洗可以提高通風插入件的起泡點及緊密度。這樣就可以製造出特別緊密(尤其是防水)的通風插入件。此外,透過吸收材料的膨脹可以快速封閉通風插入件,進一步優化層的纖維結構。
根據一種有利的實施方式,聚合步驟結束後接著進行中和步驟。例如將通風插入件送入pH值在9至14、較佳是10至14、或最好是12至14的範圍的中和槽進行中和。
可以加入前面提及的氫氧化物(較佳是鹼金屬氫氧化物,尤其是氫氧鈉、氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鋰)、鹼金屬的碳酸鹽、及/或氨水進行中和。
在硬化及/或聚合後,可以將剩下的液體送到循環空氣爐進行乾燥處理,或是以紅外線燈照射使其乾燥。
本發明的一種有利的實施方式是透過電暈及/或電漿處理提高通風插入件的表面能。電暈及/或電漿處理的目的是使表面的表面能達到40至72dyn、較佳是50至70dyn、或最好是55至68dyn的程度,其中表面能的測定是按照DIN 55660規定的方式進行。這樣做的優點是無需使用化學藥劑就可以使表面具有親水性及/或不吸潮性。這個特性對於通風插入件之液體含量的調整很有幫助。這個特性對於貼近人體的產品(例如衣服)尤其有利。另一種可能的方式是使表面具有抗靜電性,以及使表面帶有保養成分。在這個背景下,另一種可能的方式是使通風插入件接受化學或機械方式的處理或改良,例如抗起毛球處理、親水化處理、抗靜電處理、耐火性改良處理、及/或改變觸感或光澤度的處理、機械打毛處理、機械防縮處理、機械打磨處理、放到翻轉設備中處理、及/或改變外觀(例如顏色或打印圖案)的處理。
由於本發明的通風插入件具有重量輕、透氣性佳、以及對液體的吸收能力很強等優點,因此很適於作為濕度調節器。根據本發明,濕度調節器能夠吸收環境空氣中的濕氣,並釋出乾燥的空氣。一種很有利的方式是將通風插入件應用於過濾系統作為濕度調節器。
結合適當的熱調節添加物,例如石蠟、紅外線反射顏料或相變化材料(PCM),可以將通風插入件作為空氣調節器使用。本發明所稱的空氣調節器能夠是指能夠在熱的時候發出冷氣,在冷的時候發出熱氣的通風插入件。一個特 別的優點是,空氣調節器是可以呼吸的,也就是說,通風插入件大到可以讓蒸氣及空氣通過,但是會阻止液體通過。
由於通風插入件具有很好的穿戴舒適性及對液體有很強的吸收性,因此另一種可能的應用是將通風插入件作為製造創傷繃帶用的載體材料。
其他可能的應用領域還包括將通風插入件設置於紡織物內或紡織物上。有利於此種應用的紡織物包括:鞋子及鞋底、睡袋、帳篷、背包、手提袋、夾克、防護衣、手套、頭巾,且特別適於作為衣服及襯墊的材料,及/或作為不織布。
由於通風插入件具有很好的透氣性,因此很適於設置於鞋子內或鞋子上。
此外,通風插入件也可以應用於頭盔、護目鏡、絕緣墊、軟墊、保護墊,亦可作為化妝品或包裝材料。
通風插入件亦可應用於電子器具、電三、海底纜線、輸電纜線、窗框,亦可作為密封材料及/或絕熱材料。
1,1’‧‧‧通風插入件
2‧‧‧層
3‧‧‧吸收材料
4‧‧‧通風孔
5‧‧‧纖維
圖式顯示之內容為:第1圖:一個具有完整覆蓋之通風插入件的示意圖。
第2圖:如第1圖之通風插入件在乾燥狀態時的細部圖。
第3圖:如第1圖之通風插入件在受液體作用時的細 部圖
第4圖:一個具有部分覆蓋之通風插入件的示意圖。
第5圖:如第4圖之通風插入件在乾燥狀態時的細部圖。
第6圖:如第4圖之通風插入件在受液體作用時的細部圖
第7圖:清洗時間與起泡點的關係圖。
第1圖顯示一個設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件1,其中通風插入件1具有至少一個層2,其中層2被吸收材料3至少部分覆蓋住且具有通風孔4,由於吸收材料3膨脹,通風孔4受液體的作用能夠被至少部分封閉住,可利用包括下列步驟的方法製造出這種通風插入件:a)利用由一種混合物處理帶有通風孔4的層2,此種混合物是由作為吸收材料3之先期階段的可聚合的單體或低聚物及交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及引發劑混合而成;b)使單體或低聚物聚合成吸收材料3,此時在吸收材料3及層2之間會形成材料決定的連接。
吸收材料3至少在部分區域是以材料決定的方式與層2連接。
通風孔4的位置及通風孔4的大小是以機率上的隨機方式分佈。通風孔4的幾何結構是不規則的。通風孔4並非具有規則結構的幾何物體,例如正六面體或正八面體, 而是許多個被纖維5及/或吸收材料3隔開的開放或封閉的間隙。
層2是由不透水的不織布構成。這種不織布是由不吸潮的抗水材料製成。
層2可以含有以下的纖維5:聚烯烴纖維(尤其是聚苯硫醚纖維)、聚酯纖維(尤其是聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯纖維,聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯纖維)、聚醯胺纖維(尤其是聚醯胺6.6(Nylon)纖維,聚醯胺6.0(Perlon)纖維)、聚氯乙烯纖維、聚丙烯腈纖維、聚亞醯胺纖維、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)纖維、芳綸纖維、羊毛纖維、棉纖維、絲纖維、麻纖維、竹纖維、大麻槿纖維、劍麻纖維、纖維素纖維、大豆纖維、亞麻纖維、玻璃纖維、玄武岩纖維、碳纖維、黏膠纖維、或以上纖維的混合物。第1圖中的層2含有醯胺纖維。
通風插入件1根據DIN EN 9073-2測得的厚度為20至10000μm、較佳是100至7000μm、或最好是300至4000μm。第1圖中的通風插入件1的厚度為0.8mm。
通風插入件1根據DIN EN 29073-1測得的單位面積重量為5至600g/m2、較佳是30至400g/m2、或最好是50至200g/m2。第1圖中的通風插入件1的單位面積重量為500g/m2
通風插入件1根據DIN EN ISO 9237測得在乾燥狀態下的透氣性為100至5000dm3/(m2s)、較佳是400至2500dm3/(m2s)、或最好是500至1800dm3/(m2s)。第1圖 中的通風插入件1的透氣性為1000dm3/(m2s)。
透過液體的蒸發,能夠使被部分封閉住的通風孔4再度打開,這個過程較佳是在-20至70℃的溫度範圍及0.1至5bar的壓力下進行,尤其是在-10至50℃的溫度範圍及0.3至3bar的壓力下進行。第1圖中的通風插入件1在溫度為0℃及壓力為1.013bar時會將被部分封閉住的通風孔4再度打開。
製造設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件1的方法包括下列步驟:a)利用由一種混合物處理帶有通風孔4的層2,此種混合物是由作為吸收材料3之先期階段的可聚合的單體或低聚物及交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及引發劑混合而成;b)使單體或低聚物聚合成吸收材料3,此時在吸收材料3及層2之間會形成材料決定的連接。
可以用具有下列化學式的化合物作為潤濕劑:RO(CH2CH2O)xH
其中R代表一個線性或分枝的烷基,同時x=4;5;6.3;6.5;7;8;9;10或11,較佳是x=6.5;7;8;9;10,尤其是x=6.5;7;8;9。製造第1圖中的通風插入件1是以化學式為RO(CH2CH2O)xH的化合物作為潤濕劑,其中R代表一個線性烷基,同時x=6.5。
潤濕劑佔混合物的總重量的比例為0.1至5%(重量百分比)、較佳是1至4%(重量百分比)、或最好是1.5至3.5%(重量百分比)。製造第1圖中的通風插入件1使用的 潤濕劑佔混合物的總重量的比例為2.0%(重量百分比)。
添加潤濕劑使混合物根據DIN 55660測得的表面張力在10至72dyn、較佳是15至60dyn、或最好是20至68dyn的範圍。第1圖中的通風插入件1的表面張力為60dyn。
可以將交聯度調整為4.7*10-5至1.9*10-1、較佳是2.3*10-4至1.3*10-1、或最好是4.7*10-4至4.9*10-2。第1圖中的通風插入件1的交聯度為0.08。
可以使用以下的單體或低聚物:單甘醇不飽和單碳酸(尤其是丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,馬來酸,富馬酸)、巴豆酸、山梨酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸、單甘醇不飽和聚碳酸酐(尤其是馬來酸酐)、碳酸鹽(較佳是水溶性的鹽,尤其是鹼金屬鹽,銨鹽或胺鹽)、單甘醇不飽和單碳酸或聚碳酸(尤其是馬來酸甲基鈉,三甲胺甲基馬來酸,三乙醇胺甲基馬來酸,馬來酸鈉,馬來酸甲胺)、磺酸(較佳是脂肪族或芳香族乙烯磺酸,尤其是乙烯磺酸,烯丙基磺酸,乙烯基甲苯磺酸,苯乙烯磺酸,甲基丙烯基磺酸)、2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯基氧丙基磺酸、磺丙基丙烯酸甲酯、磺酸鹽(較佳是含磺酸基之單體或低聚物的鹼金屬鹽,銨鹽或胺鹽)、氫氧化物(較佳是單甘醇不飽和乙醇,多元醇的單甘醇不飽和醚或酯,尤其是甲基烯丙醇,烷基二醇,丙三醇,聚氧化烯多元醇,甲基丙烯酸烴乙酯,甲基丙烯酸烴丙酯,甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯,聚乙二醇氧化丙二醇單甲基醚,其中必要時可將羥基醚化或酯化),胺(較佳是乙烯基甲醯 胺,甲基丙烯醯胺,N-烷基甲醯胺,N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺,N-羥基甲基丙烯醯胺,N-己基丙烯醯胺,N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺,N,N’-二-n-丙基丙烯醯胺,N-羥甲基甲基丙烯醯胺,N-羥基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺,N,N-二羥基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺,乙烯基內醯胺,尤其是N-乙烯基吡咯酮)、胺基化合物(較佳是含胺基的酯,單甘醇不飽和單碳酸或雙碳酸,雜環乙烯基化合物,尤其是二烷基胺烷基酯,二羥基烷基胺烷基酯,嗎啉基烷基酯),乙烯基吡啶(尤其是2-乙烯基咪唑,4-乙烯基咪唑,N-乙烯基吡啶基,N-乙烯基咪唑),四價銨鹽(較佳是N,N,N-三烷基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧烷基銨鹽,尤其是N,N,N-三甲基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨,N,N,N-三甲基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨,N,N,N-三乙基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨,2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲基氯化銨,尤其是二甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯,二甲基丙烯酸二乙氨乙酯,嗎啉乙基二甲基丙烯酸酯,二甲基丙烯酸延胡索酸鹽),以及上述化合物的混合物。第1圖中的通風插入件1的吸收材料3的可聚合的單體為丙烯酸。
經過步驟b)的聚合反應產生一種超級吸收體。
以電暈及/或電漿處理提高通風插入件1的表面能。第1圖中的通風插入件1的表面能為70dyn。
通風插入件1可以作為濕度及/或空氣調節器。第1圖中的通風插入件1是作為濕度調節器。
第2圖顯示第1圖之通風插入件1在乾燥狀態時的細 部圖。這個設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件1具有至少一個層2,其中層2被吸收材料3至少部分覆蓋住且具有通風孔4,由於吸收材料3膨脹,通風孔4受液體的作用能夠被至少部分封閉住。吸收材料3在部分區域是以材料決定的方式與層2連接。
層2的纖維5整個被吸收材料3覆蓋住或塗覆住。
通風孔4具有正八面體的形狀,其中通風孔4並非由規則的幾何形狀所構成。
第2圖顯示的通風孔4是打開的。
第3圖顯示第1圖之通風插入件在受液體作用時的細部圖。滲入的液體被吸收材料3吸收。如第2圖所示,膨脹的吸收材料3將通風孔4整個填滿,並將其封閉住,使液體或氣體無法進入。
第4圖顯示一個設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件1’,其中通風插入件1’具有至少一個層2,其中層2被吸收材料3至少部分覆蓋住且具有通風孔4,由於吸收材料3膨脹,通風孔4受液體的作用能夠被至少部分封閉住。
吸收材料3至少在部分區域是以材料決定的方式與層2連接。
吸收材料3將纖維5部分覆蓋住。
通風孔4是均勻的分佈在層2上。
如第1圖的通風插入件1’的單位面積重量為100g/m2
如第1圖的通風插入件1’的透氣性為200dm3/(m2s)。
通風插入件1’是以前面提及的方法製造而成。
如第5圖之顯示第4圖之通風插入件1’在乾燥狀態時的細部圖。吸收材料3在部分區域是以材料決定的方式與層2的纖維5連接。
通風孔4是打開的。
第6圖顯示第4圖之通風插入件1’在受液體作用時的細部圖。
滲入的水被吸收材料3吸收,吸收材料3的體積因吸收水而變大。由於吸收材料3膨脹,通風孔4被部分封閉。
由於液體蒸發,被部分封閉的通風孔4會再度打開。
因受到水的作用,第4圖之通風插入件1’的厚度變大3倍。
第7圖顯示清洗時間與起泡點的關係圖。此處探討的是清洗時間對通風插入件之起泡點的影響。起泡點的測定是按照DIN ISO 2942規定的方式進行。按照實施例2及3的方式製造通風插入件。經實驗證實,起泡點會隨著清洗時間的加長而升高。所謂清洗時間是指清洗或清潔通風插入件的時間。最好是用水清洗或清潔通風插入件,其目的是去除污染物。這個步驟可以用連續方式或不連續方式進行。根據DIN ISO 2942測得通風插入件的起泡點為10至2500mbar、較佳是在100至1500mbar、或最好是在500至1000mbar。相較於未經清洗的通風插入件,只需短時 間的清洗即可將根據DIN ISO 2942測得的起泡點升高兩倍以上。此外,一個令人訝異的發現是,加長清洗時間的加長可以使起泡點明顯升高。經過4分鐘的清洗後,起泡點升高到大於1000mbar的程度。
按照以下的實施例可以製造出以上描述的通風插入件:
實施例1:
配製部分中和的丙烯酸溶液:將8.00g的氫氧化鈉溶於21.00g的水中,然後與21.00g的丙烯酸混合。接著將25.00g的部分中和的丙烯酸溶液與0.5g的1-[4-(2-羥基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羥基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮、1.00g的庚基聚乙二醇醚(C7H15O(CH2CH2O)6.5H)、以及47.00g的水均勻混合。溶液的pH值約為4。
接著將0.25g的N,N’-甲基二丙烯醯胺添加到溶液中,並在22℃的溫度中攪拌15分鐘。然後在20℃的溫度中將所形成的溶液倒在薄軟的綢上。然後將一塊10×10cm的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯不織布(單位面積重量100g/cm2)放到溶液中,並拉動使其穿過薄軟的綢(Sawafill 1122,製造商:Sandler)。因而將280g/m2的溶液帶入層的纖維構造物。
將浸泡過的不織布置於兩個輥子之間擠壓,並照射紫外線,以啟動混合物(含有丙烯酸,交聯劑,潤濕劑及引發劑)的聚合反應。紫外線處理是以紫外線輻射器(製造 商:Dr.Hönle,機型:Uvahand 250,每一輻射器率為250瓦)進行。照射紫外線的時間為10秒。吸收材料的交聯度為0.011。用水清洗照射過的不織布,並置於70℃的溫度中使其乾燥4小時。
聚合後,不織布的重量大約增加70%。膨脹率定義塗層在一段固定的時間內吸收的水量。膨脹能力是指塗層能夠吸收的最大水量,其中這個值是以塗層的乾重為準。
膨脹率的測量是測定0至20分鐘膨脹的百分率或重量增加的百分率。
膨脹率為60.00,膨脹後的重量為43.44g。
實施例1製造的通風插入件的厚度為0.1mm。
實施例2:
配製部分中和的甲基丙烯酸溶液:將8.00g的氫氧化鈉溶於12.00g的水中,然後與30.00g的甲基丙烯酸混合。接著將30.00g的部分中和的甲基丙烯酸溶液與0.95g的雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯)-苯基氧化膦、0.95g的辛基聚乙二醇醚(C8H17O(CH2CH2O)9H)、以及63.1g的水均勻混合。溶液的pH值約為3.5。
接著將0.32g的1,3,5-三-烯丙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-三酮添加到溶液中,並在22℃的溫度中攪拌15分鐘。然後將一塊10×10cm的聚醯胺不織布(單位面積重量200g/cm2)浸泡到溶液中。因而將1000g/m2的溶液帶入層的纖維構造物。
將浸泡過的不織布置於兩個輥子之間擠壓,並照射紫外線,以啟動混合物(含有丙烯酸,交聯劑,潤濕劑及引發劑)的聚合反應。紫外線處理是以紫外線輻射器(製造商:Dr.Hönle,機型:Uvahand 250,每一輻射器率為250瓦)進行。照射紫外線的時間為20秒。吸收材料的交聯度為0.007。用水清洗照射過的不織布,並置於70℃的溫度中使其乾燥4小時。
聚合後,不織布的重量大約增加80%。
膨脹率的測量是測定0至20分鐘膨脹的百分率或重量增加的百分率。
膨脹率為50.00,膨脹後的重量為39.93g。
實施例2製造的通風插入件的厚度為1.5mm。
實施例3:
配製部分中和的乙烯磺酸溶液:將5.00g的氫氧化鉀溶於20.00g的水中,然後與15.00g的乙烯磺酸混合。接著將15.00g的部分中和的乙烯磺酸溶液與0.5g的1-羥基環己基苯酮、0.5g的二苯基甲酮、1.50g的乙基聚乙二醇醚(C2H5O(CH2CH2O)6.5H)、以及32.5g的水均勻混合。溶液的pH值約為3.5。
接著將0.15g的二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯添加到溶液中,並在22℃的溫度中攪拌15分鐘。然後將一塊10×10cm的黏膠不織布(單位面積重量300g/cm2)浸泡到溶液中。因而將2200g/m2的溶液帶入層的纖維構造物。
將浸泡過的不織布置於兩個輥子之間擠壓,並照射紫外線,以啟動混合物(含有丙烯酸,交聯劑,潤濕劑及引發劑)的聚合反應。紫外線處理是以紫外線輻射器(製造商:Dr.Hönle,機型:Uvahand 250,每一輻射器率為250瓦)進行。照射紫外線的時間為13秒。吸收材料的交聯度為0.016。用水清洗照射過的不織布,並置於70℃的溫度中使其乾燥4小時。
實施例4:
研究清洗及清洗時間對起泡點的影響。聚合後,用水清洗通風插入件的不同長度的試體。接著按照DIN ISO 2942規定的方式進行起泡點試驗。將要研究的通風插入件在溫度20℃中放到一個裝滿水的容器中浸泡2分鐘。浸泡時要使通風插入件整個被水潤濕。然後以壓縮空氣衝擊通風插入件。測量要使空氣穿過通風插入件及/或通風孔所需的壓力。
以下的表格中的數值顯示起泡點與清洗時間的關係:
實驗結果顯示,本發明的通風插入件具有很高的起泡點。此外,一個令人訝異的發現是,聚合後只需清洗通風插入件一次,就可以使起泡點明顯升高。此外,起泡點會隨著清洗時間的增加而升高。
1,1’‧‧‧通風插入件
2‧‧‧層
3‧‧‧吸收材料
4‧‧‧通風孔
5‧‧‧纖維

Claims (15)

  1. 一種設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件(1,1’),具有至少一個層(2),其中層(2)被吸收材料(3)至少部分覆蓋住且具有通風孔(4),由於吸收材料(3)膨脹,通風孔(4)受液體的作用能夠被至少部分封閉住,可利用包括下列步驟的方法製造出這種通風插入件:a)利用由一種混合物處理帶有通風孔(4)的層(2),此種混合物是由作為吸收材料(3)之先期階段的可聚合的單體或低聚物及交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及引發劑混合而成;以及b)使單體或低聚物聚合成吸收材料(3),此時在吸收材料(3)及層(2)之間會形成材料相連的連接;其特徵為:吸收材料(3)至少在部分區域是以材料相連的方式與層(2)連接。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的通風插入件,其中:層(2)含有以下的纖維(5):聚烯烴纖維(尤其是聚苯硫醚纖維)、聚酯纖維(尤其是聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯纖維、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯纖維)、聚醯胺纖維(尤其是聚醯胺6.6(Nylon)纖維、聚醯胺6.0(Perlon)纖維)、聚氯乙烯纖維、聚丙烯腈纖維、聚亞醯胺纖維、聚四氟乙烯(Teflon)纖維、芳綸纖維、羊毛纖維、棉纖維、絲纖維、麻纖維、竹纖維、大麻槿纖維、劍麻纖維、纖維素纖維、大豆纖維、亞麻纖維、玻璃纖維、玄武岩纖維、碳纖維、黏膠纖維、或以上纖維的混合物。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項的通風插入件,其中:根據DIN EN 9073-2測得的厚度為20至10000μm、較佳是100至7000μm、或最好是300至4000μm。
  4. 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項的通風插入件,其中:根據DIN EN 29073-1測得的單位面積重量為5至600g/m2、較佳是30至400g/m2、或最好是50至200g/m2
  5. 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項的通風插入件,其中:根據DIN EN ISO 9237測得在乾燥狀態下的透氣性為100至5000dm3/(m2s)、較佳是400至2500dm3/(m2s)、或最好是500至1800dm3/(m2s)。
  6. 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項的通風插入件,其中:能夠透過液體的蒸發使被部分封閉住的通風孔(4)再度打開,這個過程較佳是在-20至70℃的溫度範圍及0.1至5bar的壓力下進行,尤其是在-10至50℃的溫度範圍及0.3至3bar的壓力下進行。
  7. 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項的設置於紡織物內或紡織物上的通風插入件的方法,包括下列步驟:a)利用由一種混合物處理帶有通風孔(4)的層(2),此種混合物是由作為吸收材料(3)之先期階段的可聚合的單體或低聚物及交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及引發劑混合而成;以及 b)使單體或低聚物聚合成吸收材料(3),此時在吸收材料(3)及層(2)之間會形成材料相連的連接;其特徵為:吸收材料(3)至少在部分區域是以材料相連的方式與層(2)連接。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項的方法,其中:以具有下列化學式的化合物作為潤濕劑:RO(CH2CH2O)xH其中R代表一個線性或分枝的烷基,同時x=4;5;6.3;6.5;7;8;9;10或11,較佳是x=6.5;7;8;9;10,尤其是x=6.5;7;8;9。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7項或第8項的方法,其中:潤濕劑佔混合物的總重量的比例為0.1至5%(重量百分比)、較佳是1至4%(重量百分比)、或最好是1.5至3.5%(重量百分比)。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第7項至第9項中任一項的方法,其中:添加潤濕劑使混合物根據DIN 55660測得的表面張力在10至72dyn、較佳是50至70dyn、或最好是20至68dyn的範圍。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第7項至第10項中任一項的方法,其中:將交聯度調整為4.7*10-5至1.9*10-1、較佳是2.3*10-4至1.3*10-1、或最好是4.7*10-4至4.9*10-2
  12. 如申請專利範圍第7項的方法,其中:所使用的單體或低聚物為:單甘醇不飽和單碳酸(尤其是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、馬來酸、富馬酸)、巴豆酸、山梨酸、衣康 酸、肉桂酸、單甘醇不飽和聚碳酸酐(尤其是馬來酸酐)、碳酸鹽(較佳是水溶性的鹽,尤其是鹼金屬鹽、銨鹽或胺鹽)、單甘醇不飽和單碳酸或聚碳酸(尤其是馬來酸甲基鈉、三甲胺甲基馬來酸、三乙醇胺甲基馬來酸、馬來酸鈉、馬來酸甲胺)、磺酸(較佳是脂肪族或芳香族乙烯磺酸,尤其是乙烯磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、乙烯基甲苯磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、甲基丙烯基磺酸)、2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯基氧丙基磺酸、磺丙基丙烯酸甲酯、磺酸鹽(較佳是含磺酸基之單體或低聚物的鹼金屬鹽、銨鹽或胺鹽)、氫氧化物(較佳是單甘醇不飽和乙醇、多元醇的單甘醇不飽和醚或酯,尤其是甲基烯丙醇、烷基二醇、丙三醇、聚氧化烯多元醇、甲基丙烯酸烴乙酯、甲基丙烯酸烴丙酯、甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯、聚乙二醇氧化丙二醇單甲基醚,其中必要時可將羥基醚化或酯化),胺(較佳是乙烯基甲醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺、N-烷基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N-羥基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-己基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N’-二-正-丙基丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、N-羥基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺、N,N-二羥基乙基甲基丙烯醯胺、乙烯基內醯胺,尤其是N-乙烯基吡咯酮)、胺基化合物(較佳是含胺基的酯、單甘醇不飽和單碳酸或雙碳酸、雜環乙烯基化合物,尤其是二烷基胺烷基酯、二羥基烷基胺烷基酯、嗎啉基烷基酯)、乙烯基吡啶(尤其是2-乙烯基咪唑、4-乙烯基咪唑、N-乙烯基吡啶基、N-乙烯基咪唑)、四價銨鹽(較佳是N,N,N-三烷基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧烷基銨鹽、尤其是 N,N,N-三甲基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨、N,N,N-三甲基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨、N,N,N-三乙基-N-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基氯化銨、2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲基氯化銨,尤其是二甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯、二甲基丙烯酸二乙氨乙酯、嗎啉乙基二甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸延胡索酸鹽),以及上述化合物的混合物。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第7項至第12項中任一項的方法,其中:經過步驟b)的聚合反應產生一種超級吸收體。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第7項至第13項中任一項的方法,其中:以電暈及/或電漿處理提高通風插入件的表面能。
  15. 一種應用如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項的通風插入件作為濕度及/或空氣調節器之應用。
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WO2014135269A2 (de) 2014-09-12
JP2016512579A (ja) 2016-04-28
US10161080B2 (en) 2018-12-25
JP6333296B2 (ja) 2018-05-30
US20160010274A1 (en) 2016-01-14
CN105026638B (zh) 2018-03-02
EP2964827B1 (de) 2019-11-06
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TWI556753B (zh) 2016-11-11
EP2964827A2 (de) 2016-01-13

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