TW201402632A - 含磷環氧樹脂及以該環氧樹脂作爲必須成分之組成物、硬化物 - Google Patents
含磷環氧樹脂及以該環氧樹脂作爲必須成分之組成物、硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201402632A TW201402632A TW102119560A TW102119560A TW201402632A TW 201402632 A TW201402632 A TW 201402632A TW 102119560 A TW102119560 A TW 102119560A TW 102119560 A TW102119560 A TW 102119560A TW 201402632 A TW201402632 A TW 201402632A
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- Prior art keywords
- epoxy resin
- phosphorus
- containing epoxy
- molecular weight
- parts
- Prior art date
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004843 novolac epoxy resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-naphthoquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
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Abstract
本發明提供一種具有保持先前之接著力並且耐熱性進一步提高之特性的環氧樹脂,本發明為含磷環氧樹脂(A),其係以通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與環氧樹脂(a)為必須成分進行反應而獲得者,其特徵在於:環氧樹脂(a)為酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂,該酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂於下文所述之凝膠滲透層析法之測定中,二核體含有率為15面積%以下,三核體含有率為15面積%~60面積%,且具有數量平均分子量為350~700之分子量分佈。(凝膠滲透層析法測定條件)使用串列地具備Tosoh股份有限公司製造之TSKgelG4000HXL、TSKgelG3000HXL、TSKgelG2000HXL者,管柱溫度設為40℃。又,溶析液使用四氫呋喃(THF),流速設為1 ml/min,檢測器使用RI(示差折射計)檢測器。測定用試樣係將樣品0.1 g溶解於10 ml之THF中而成。根據所獲得之層析圖計算二核體含有率及三核體含有率,並根據標準聚苯乙烯之校正曲線測定數量平均分子量。□(式中R1及R2表示烴基,可相同亦可不同,R1、R2亦可與磷原子一起形成環狀結構。n表示0或1)
Description
本發明係關於一種於分子骨架中含有磷原子之無鹵素型難燃性環氧樹脂、及以該環氧樹脂為必須成分之環氧樹脂組成物、以及使該環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成之環氧樹脂硬化物,提供適於電子電路基板中使用之預浸體、銅箔積層板或電子零件中使用之膜材、密封材、成形材、澆鑄成型材、接著劑、電氣絕緣塗料、需要難燃性之複合材、粉體塗料等之環氧樹脂。
關於環氧樹脂之難燃化,先前係如以四溴雙酚A為原料之溴化環氧樹脂所代表般,藉由鹵化而進行。然而,於使用鹵化環氧樹脂之情形時,有硬化物於燃燒時會發現到因熱分解反應而生成毒性較強之鹵化物等問題。對此,近年來研究利用磷化合物之無鹵素型難燃技術,提出如專利文獻1~專利文獻7中所揭示之含磷環氧樹脂、含磷酚系樹脂。
專利文獻1、專利文獻2中揭示之含磷環氧樹脂係接著力高但玻璃轉移溫度所代表之耐熱性並不充分,專利文獻3中揭示之含磷環氧樹脂係玻璃轉移溫度有所改善但難以兼具接著力。又,專利文獻4中揭示之含磷環氧樹脂係藉由使用醌化合物而謀求高接著力與高耐熱性之提高。
進而,專利文獻5中,藉由併用特定之2官能環氧樹脂而謀求進一步提高高接著力與高耐熱性,專利文獻6中亦關於所揭示之含磷環氧樹脂研究接著力與高耐熱性之提高。然而,關於玻璃轉移溫度有更高要求,維持接著力並且尋求改良。
藉由利用磷化合物之難燃化方法而獲得之含磷環氧樹脂係難以同時實現高耐熱性與高接著力,若為了提高耐熱性而進行多官能化則接著力降低,若為了提高接著力而進行磷化合物之2官能化則耐熱性降低。對此,專利文獻5中提出:藉由以20%至45%之範圍使用特定之2官能環氧樹脂,使高耐熱性與高接著力進一步提高。
專利文獻1 日本特開平04-11662號公報
專利文獻2 日本特開2000-309623號公報
專利文獻3 日本特開平11-166035號公報
專利文獻4 日本特開平11-279258號公報
專利文獻5 日本專利第4588834號
專利文獻6 日本特開2001-123049號公報
專利文獻7 日本特開2003-040969號公報
最近,關於電子電路基板等,為了提高回流焊溫度或確保長期可靠性,耐熱性、尤其是玻璃轉移溫度方面要求進一步提高。本發明之課題在於提供一種具有保持接著力並且耐熱性進一步提高之特性的環氧樹脂。
為解決上述課題,本發明人發現,使用環氧樹脂中具有特定分子量分佈之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂與磷化合物、醌化合物而獲得之含磷環氧樹脂可維持高接著力並且提高耐熱性,進而發現難燃性方面良好,以至完成本發明。
即,本發明之要旨在於
(1)一種含磷環氧樹脂(A),其係以通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與環氧樹脂(a)為必須成分進行反應而獲得者,其特徵在於:環氧樹脂(a)為酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂,該酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂於下文所述之凝膠滲透層析法之測定中,二核體含有率為15面積%以下,三核體含有率為15面積%~60面積%,具有數量平均分子量為350~700之分子量分佈;
(凝膠滲透層析法測定條件)
使用串列地具備Tosoh股份有限公司製造之TSKgelG4000HXL、TSKgelG3000HXL、TSKgelG2000HXL者,管柱溫度設為40℃;又,溶析液使用四氫呋喃(THF),流速設為1ml/min,檢測器係使用RI(示差折射計)檢測器;測定用試樣係將樣品0.1g溶解於10ml之THF而成;根據所獲得之層析圖計算二核體含有率及三核體含有率,根據標準聚苯乙烯之校正曲線測定數量平均分子量;
(式中R1及R2表示烴基,可相同亦可不同,R1、R2亦可與磷原子一起形成環狀結構;n表示0或1)
(2)一種含磷環氧樹脂組成物,其係以上述(1)之含磷環氧樹脂(A)
與硬化劑為必須成分,相對於含磷環氧樹脂(A)之環氧基1當量摻合硬化劑之活性基0.3當量~1.5當量而成;(3)一種環氧樹脂硬化物,其係使上述(2)之含磷環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成;(4)一種預浸體,其係使上述(2)之含磷環氧樹脂組成物含浸於基材中而成;(5)一種積層板,其係使上述(2)之含磷環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成;(6)一種電子電路基板,其係使上述(2)之含磷環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成。
本發明係藉由以具有特定分子量分佈之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、磷化合物與醌化合物為必須成分進行反應而獲得之含磷環氧樹脂,藉由使用具有特定分子量分佈之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂,而獲得維持接著力並且顯示高玻璃轉移溫度之硬化物物性之含磷環氧樹脂。進而環氧樹脂之黏度低,作業性及對基材之含浸性亦優異,難燃性亦良好。
圖1係表示通用型苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂即YDPN-638之凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)圖表。橫軸上表示溶出時間,左縱軸上表示訊號強度。右縱軸上以log表示數量平均分子量M。將使用之標準物質之數量平均分子量之測定值以黑圓點進行繪圖而作為校正曲線。A所示之波峰表示二核體,B所示之波峰表示三核體。
圖2係表示合成例2之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂之GPC圖表。A表示之波峰表示二核體,B表示之波峰表示三核體。
以下,對本發明之實施形態詳細進行說明。
本發明中使用之環氧樹脂(a)為酚類與醛類之反應生成物,為具有特定分子量分佈之酚醛清漆樹脂與表鹵醇(epihalohydrin)進行反應而獲得之多官能酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂。作為使用之酚類可列舉:苯酚、甲酚、乙基苯酚、丁基苯酚、苯乙烯化苯酚、異丙苯基苯酚、萘酚、鄰苯二酚、間苯二酚、萘二酚、雙酚A等,作為醛類可列舉:福馬林、甲醛、羥基苯甲醛、柳醛等。又,於本發明中,酚醛清漆樹脂亦包含使用苯二甲基二甲醇、苯二甲基二氯化物、雙氯甲基萘、雙氯甲基聯苯等代替醛類之芳烷基酚系樹脂。藉由在前述之酚醛清漆樹脂中使用表鹵醇進行環氧化而獲得酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂。
作為慣用之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂之具體例,可列舉:Epotohto YDPN-638(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、Epikote 152、Epikote154(三菱化學股份有限公司製造 苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、EPICLON N-740、EPICLON N-770、EPICLON N-775(DIC股份有限公司製造 苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto YDCN-700系列(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、EPICLON N-660、EPICLON N-665、EPICLON N-670、EPICLON N-673、EPICLON N-695(DIC股份有限公司製造 甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、EOCN-1020、EOCN-102S、EOCN-104S(日本化藥股份有限公司製造 甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto ZX-1071T、ZX-1270、ZX-1342(新日鐵化學股份
有限公司製造 烷基酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto ZX-1247、GK-5855(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 苯乙烯化苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto ZX-1142L(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 萘酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、ESN-155、ESN-185V、ESN-175(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造β萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂)、ESN-300系列之ESN-355、ESN-375(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 二萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂)、ESN-400系列之ESN-475V、ESN-485(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造α萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂)雙酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂等,但該等環氧樹脂不具有本發明之特定分子量分佈。
獲得本發明中使用之具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)時,可藉由調整酚類與醛類之莫耳比,及自所獲得之酚醛清漆樹脂去除低分子量成分之方法而獲得。又,亦可使藉由如專利文獻8、專利文獻9所示之製造方法而獲得之酚醛清漆樹脂環氧樹脂化。
專利文獻8 日本特開2002-194041號公報
專利文獻9 日本特開2007-126683號公報
關於酚類與醛類之莫耳比,以酚類相對於醛類1莫耳之莫耳比表示為以1以上之比率來製造,但於莫耳比較大之情形時,大量生成二核體、三核體,於莫耳比較小之情形時大量生成高分子量體,二核體、三核體減少。
獲得本發明中使用之具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)時,可藉由利用各種溶劑之溶解性差異自所獲得之酚醛清漆樹脂類去除二核體之方法、使二核體溶解於鹼性水溶液中並去除之方法等而獲得,亦可
利用其他公知之分離方法。
可對分子量經控制之酚醛清漆樹脂使用公知之環氧化方法而獲得具有特定分子量分佈之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂。或者,可藉由利用各種方法自市售之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂去除二核體成分而獲得具有特定分子量分佈之酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂。亦可利用其他公知之分離方法。
於本發明中使用之具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)中,二核體含有率較佳為15面積%以下,更佳為5面積%~12面積%。藉由含有少量之二核體,可提高接著力等物性。三核體含有率較佳為15面積%~60面積%,更佳為20面積%~50面積%。三核體之含有率未達15面積%時,耐熱性容易變差,於超過60面積%之情形時,容易變成接著性較差者。再者,關於四核體及五核體以上之範圍並無特別規定,但三核體與四核體之含有率之合計較佳為30面積%~70面積%。於三核體與四核體之含有率之合計為30面積%~70面積%之範圍時,可進而改善難燃性。五核體以上之含有率較佳為45面積%以下,更佳為40面積%以下。若五核體以上之含有率為45面積%以下,則可獲得接著力更高之硬化物。數量平均分子量較佳為350~700,更佳為380~600。於數量平均分子量超過700之情形時,所獲得之含磷環氧樹脂(A)之黏度變高,有對作業性或基材含浸性造成不良影響之虞。關於藉由該等條件而獲得之含磷環氧樹脂(A)之難燃性改善的理由,一般認為在於:藉由所獲得之硬化物之彈性模數降低,而燃燒時生成之炭變得更牢固,帶來更高之隔熱效果,但尚未驗證。
關於本發明中使用之通式(1)所示之磷化合物,具體可列舉:二甲基膦、二乙基膦、二苯基膦、9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲
-10-氧化物(HCA三光股份有限公司製造)、二甲基氧化膦、二乙基氧化膦、二丁基氧化膦、二苯基氧化膦、1,4-環伸辛基氧化膦、1,5-環伸辛基氧化膦(CPHO日本化學工業股份有限公司製造)等。該等磷化合物可單獨使用,亦可將2種以上混合使用,並不限定於該等。
本發明中之所謂醌化合物,可列舉:苯醌、萘醌、甲基苯醌、蒽醌及該等之異構物、具有烴基之取代基者等,可單獨使用亦可將2種以上混合使用,並不限定於該等。通式(1)所示之磷化合物與醌化合物之莫耳比率較佳為磷化合物:醌化合物=1:1以下,更佳為1:0.99~0.2,較理想為1:0.98~0.40。若醌化合物過量,則以未反應成分之形式殘存於含磷環氧樹脂(A)中,因而容易導致物性降低,於醌化合物低於0.2之情形時,有對耐熱性、難燃性造成不良影響之虞。又,亦可使用使磷化合物與醌化合物反應後藉由精製而僅提取反應成分而得者。
本發明之含磷環氧樹脂(A)係以通式(1)所表示之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)為必須成分進行反應而獲得,可於對本發明之作用效果並無影響之範圍內進而使用其他公知慣用之環氧樹脂類或改質劑。
通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)的反應係以公知之方法進行。存在如下方法:使磷化合物與醌化合物發生反應後進而與環氧樹脂(a)發生反應的方法;使磷化合物與醌化合物於環氧樹脂(a)中發生反應後進而與環氧樹脂(a)發生反應的方法;預先獲得使磷化合物與醌化合物發生反應而得者再使之與環氧樹脂(a)發生反應的方法等,於本發明中反應順序並無特別限定。
反應溫度為間接法環氧樹脂之合成中通常設定之溫度即可,為100℃~250℃,較佳為120℃~200℃。
反應時,為縮短時間或降低反應溫度,可使用觸媒。可使用之觸媒並無特別限制,可使用間接法環氧樹脂之合成中通常使用者。例如,可使用:苄基二甲基胺等三級胺類,四甲基氯化銨等四級銨鹽類,三苯基膦、三(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)膦等膦類,乙基三苯基溴化鏻等鏻鹽類,2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑等咪唑類等各種觸媒,可單獨使用亦可併用2種以上,並不限定於該等。又,亦可進行分割而分為數次使用。
觸媒量並無特別限定,相對於環氧樹脂(a)或可併用之其他公知慣用之環氧樹脂類之合計重量為5質量%以下,更佳為1質量%以下,進而較佳為0.5質量%以下。若觸媒量較多,則根據情形之不同而進行環氧基之自聚合反應,因此樹脂黏度變高,欠佳。
於使通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)進行反應時,視需要可於無損本發明之特性之範圍內併用各種環氧樹脂改質劑。作為改質劑,可列舉:雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚AD、四丁基雙酚A、對苯二酚、甲基對苯二酚、二甲基對苯二酚、二丁基對苯二酚、間苯二酚、甲基間苯二酚、聯苯酚、四甲基聯苯酚、二羥基萘、二羥基二苯基醚、二羥基茋類、苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、雙酚A酚醛清漆樹脂、二環戊二烯苯酚樹脂、苯酚芳烷基樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆樹脂、萜酚樹脂、重油改質酚系樹脂、溴化苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂等各種酚類,或由各種酚類與羥基苯甲醛、巴豆醛、乙二醛等各種醛類之縮合反應而獲得之多酚系樹脂,或苯胺、苯二胺、甲苯胺、二甲苯胺、二乙基甲
苯二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯基乙烷、二胺基二苯基丙烷、二胺基二苯基酮、二胺基二苯基硫醚、二胺基二苯基碸、雙(胺基苯基)茀、二胺基二乙基二甲基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯基醚、二胺基苯甲醯苯胺、二胺基聯苯、二甲基二胺基聯苯、聯苯四胺、雙胺基苯基蒽、雙胺基苯氧基苯、雙胺基苯氧基苯基醚、雙胺基苯氧基聯苯、雙胺基苯氧基苯基碸、雙胺基苯氧基苯基丙烷、二胺基萘等胺化合物,但並不限定於該等,亦可併用2種以上。
於使通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)發生反應時,視需要亦可以無損本發明之特性之程度併用其他各種環氧樹脂類。作為可併用之環氧樹脂類,具體可列舉:由Epotohto YDC-1312、ZX-1027(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 對苯二酚型環氧樹脂)、YX-4000(三菱化學股份有限公司製造)、ZX-1251(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 聯苯酚型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto YD-127、Epotohto YD-128、Epotohto YD-8125、Epotohto YD-825GS、Epotohto YD-011、Epotohto YD-900、Epotohto YD-901(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造BPA型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto YDF-170、Epotohto YDF-8170、Epotohto YDF-870GS、Epotohto YDF-2001(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造BPF型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto YDPN-638(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、Epotohto YDCN-701(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂)、ZX-1201(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 雙酚茀型環氧樹脂)、NC-3000(日本化藥股份有限公司製造 聯苯芳烷基苯酚型環氧樹脂)、EPPN-501H、EPPN-502H(日本化藥股份有限公司製造 多官能環
氧樹脂)、ZX-1355(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 萘二酚型環氧樹脂)、ESN-155、ESN-185V、ESN-175(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造β萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂)、ESN-355、ESN-375(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 二萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂)、ESN-475V、ESN-485(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造α萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂)等多酚系樹脂等酚系化合物與表鹵醇所製造之環氧樹脂,由Epotohto YH-434、Epotohto YH-434GS(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 二胺基二苯基甲烷四縮水甘油醚)等胺化合物與表鹵醇所製造之環氧樹脂,由YD-171(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 二聚酸型環氧樹脂)等羧酸類與表鹵醇所製造之環氧樹脂等,並不限定於該等,亦可併用2種以上。
使通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)發生反應時,視需要亦可使用惰性溶劑。具體可使用:己烷、庚烷、辛烷、癸烷、二甲基丁烷、戊烯、環己烷、甲基環己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯等各種烴,乙基醚、異丙基醚、丁基醚、二異戊基醚、甲基苯基醚、乙基苯基醚、戊基苯基醚、乙基苄基醚、二烷、甲基呋喃、四氫呋喃等醚類,甲基賽路蘇、甲基賽路蘇乙酸酯、乙基賽路蘇、賽路蘇乙酸酯、乙二醇異丙基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚、甲基乙基卡必醇、丙二醇單甲基醚、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸等,但並不限定於該等,亦可將2種以上混合使用。
本發明之含磷環氧樹脂(A)藉由摻合硬化劑,可製成硬化性之含磷環氧樹脂組成物。作為硬化劑,可使用各種酚系樹脂類或酸酐類、胺類、醯肼類、酸性聚酯類等通常使用之環氧樹脂用硬化劑,該等硬化劑
可僅使用1種亦可使用2種以上。該等之中,作為本發明之硬化性環氧樹脂組成物中含有之硬化劑,尤佳為雙氰胺或酚系硬化劑。於本發明之硬化性環氧樹脂組成物中,硬化劑之使用量係相對於環氧樹脂之官能基即環氧基1當量較佳為硬化劑之官能基0.4~2.0當量,更佳為0.5~1.5當量,尤佳為0.5~1.0當量。於相對於環氧基1當量而硬化劑未達0.4當量之情形時,或者超過2.0當量之情形時,有硬化不完全而無法獲得良好硬化物性之虞。
作為本發明之硬化性環氧樹脂組成物中可使用之酚系硬化劑的具體例,可例示:雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚C、雙酚K、雙酚Z、雙酚S、四甲基雙酚A、四甲基雙酚F、四甲基雙酚S、四甲基雙酚Z、二羥基二苯基硫醚、4,4'-硫代雙(3-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)等雙酚類,又,鄰苯二酚、間苯二酚、甲基間苯二酚、對苯二酚、單甲基對苯二酚、二甲基對苯二酚、三甲基對苯二酚、單-第三丁基對苯二酚、二-第三丁基對苯二酚等二羥基苯類,二羥基萘、二羥基甲基萘、二羥基甲基萘、三羥基萘等羥基萘類,苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、DC-5(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂)、萘酚酚醛清漆樹脂等酚類及/或萘酚類與醛類之縮合物,SN-160、SN-395、SN-485(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造)等酚類及/或萘酚類與苯二甲基二醇之縮合物,酚類及/或萘酚類與異丙烯基苯乙酮之縮合物,酚類及/或萘酚類與二環戊二烯之反應物,酚類及/或萘酚類與聯苯系縮合劑之縮合物等酚系化合物等。
上述中,作為酚類,可列舉:苯酚、甲酚、二甲苯酚、丁基苯酚、戊基苯酚、壬基苯酚、丁基甲基苯酚、三甲基苯酚、苯基苯酚等,作為萘酚類,列舉:1-萘酚、2-萘酚等。
作為醛類,可例示:甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、戊醛、己醛、苯甲醛、氯乙醛、溴乙醛、乙二醛、丙二醛、丁二醛、戊二醛、己二醛、庚二醛、癸二醛、丙烯醛、巴豆醛、柳醛、苯二甲醛、羥基苯甲醛等。作為聯苯系縮合劑,可例示:雙(羥甲基)聯苯、雙(甲氧基甲基)聯苯、雙(乙氧基甲基)聯苯、雙(氯甲基)聯苯等。
作為本發明之硬化性環氧樹脂組成物中可使用之其他公知慣用的硬化劑,可列舉:甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、六氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、鄰苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、甲基耐地酸酐等酸酐類,二伸乙基三胺、三伸乙基四胺、間苯二甲胺、異佛爾酮二胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷、二胺基二苯基碸、二胺基二苯基醚、雙氰胺、二聚酸等酸類與聚胺類之縮合物即聚醯胺胺等胺系化合物等。
進而,作為引起環氧基之聚合而使之硬化之硬化劑,可例示:三苯基膦等膦化合物,四苯基溴化鏻等鏻鹽,2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-甲基咪唑等咪唑類及該等與偏苯三甲酸、異三聚氰酸、硼等之鹽即咪唑鹽類,苄基二甲基胺、2,4,6-三(二甲基胺基甲基)苯酚等胺類,三甲基氯化銨等四級銨鹽類,二氮雜雙環化合物及該等與酚類、苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂類等之鹽類,三氟化硼與胺類、醚化合物等之錯合物,芳香族鏻或錪鹽等。該等硬化劑可單獨使用,亦可併用2種以上。
本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中使用之其他公知慣用的環氧樹脂硬化劑之摻合比率為相對於環氧基每1當量而硬化劑之官能基為0.5~1.5當量、較佳為0.8~1.2當量的比率。又,引起環氧基之聚合而使之硬化之硬
化劑的摻合比率係相對於環氧樹脂100質量份為0.1~10質量份,更佳為0.2~5質量份。
含有本發明之含磷環氧樹脂(A)而成之難燃性環氧樹脂組成物中,作為黏度調整用亦可使用有機溶劑。作為可使用之有機溶劑,並無特別規定,可列舉:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺等醯胺類,乙二醇單甲基醚等醚類,丙酮、甲基乙基酮等酮類,甲醇、乙醇等醇類,苯、甲苯等芳香族烴類等,亦可將混合有該等溶劑中之一種或複數種者以按環氧樹脂濃度計為20~90質量%之範圍進行摻合。
本發明組成物中視需要可使用硬化促進劑。作為可使用之硬化促進劑之例,可列舉:2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑等咪唑類,2-(二甲基胺基甲基)苯酚、1,8-二氮雜雙環(5,4,0)十一烯-7等三級胺類,三苯基膦、三環己基膦、三苯基膦三苯基硼烷等膦類,辛酸亞錫等金屬化合物。硬化促進劑係相對於本發明之環氧樹脂組成物中之環氧樹脂成分100質量份視需要使用0.02~5.0質量份。藉由使用硬化促進劑,可降低硬化溫度,或縮短硬化時間。
本發明組成物中視需要可使用填料。具體可列舉:氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂、滑石、煅燒滑石、黏土、高嶺土、水鋁土、氧化鈦、玻璃粉末、矽土氣球等無機填料,亦可摻合顏料等。通常作為使用無機填充材之理由,可列舉耐衝擊性之提高。又,於使用氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂等金屬氫氧化物之情形時,可作為難燃助劑而發揮作用,即便含磷率較少亦可確保難燃性。尤其是若摻合量並非10質量%以上,則耐衝擊性之效果較少。然而,若摻合量超過150質量%,則作為積層板用途之必要項目即接著性降
低。又,上述樹脂組成物中亦可含有玻璃纖維、紙漿纖維、合成纖維、陶瓷纖維等纖維質填充材或橡膠微粒、熱塑性彈性體等有機填充材。
可藉由使本發明之環氧樹脂組成物硬化而獲得環氧樹脂硬化物。硬化時,例如,可藉由以樹脂片材、附有樹脂之銅箔、預浸體等形態進行積層並進行加熱加壓硬化而獲得作為積層板之含磷環氧樹脂硬化物。
製作使用本發明之含磷環氧樹脂(A)而成之含磷環氧樹脂組成物,藉由加熱硬化而對積層板之含磷環氧樹脂硬化物進行評價,結果,使磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)進行反應而得之含磷環氧樹脂(A)與先前公知之由磷化合物與環氧樹脂類所獲得之含磷環氧樹脂進行比較,不僅低黏度且作業性良好,而且可一併具有較高之耐熱性與較高之接著性,進而亦可改良難燃性。
列舉實施例及比較例對本發明進行具體說明,但本發明並不限定於該等。只要並無特別事先說明,則「份」表示質量份,「%」表示質量%。測定方法係分別利用以下方法進行測定。
將測定方法示於以下。
環氧當量:依據JIS K7236。
二核體含有率、三核體含有率、四核體含有率、五核體以上含有率、數量平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、及分散度(Mw/Mn):使用凝膠滲透層析法測定分子量分佈,二核體含有率、三核體含有率、四核體含有率、五核體以上含有率係根據波峰之面積%進行換算,數量
平均分子量、重量平均分子量、分散度係根據由標準之單分散聚苯乙烯(Tosoh股份有限公司製造A-500、A-1000、A-2500、A-5000、F-1、F-2、F-4、F-10、F-20、F-40)求得之校正曲線進行換算。具體而言,使用本體(Tosoh股份有限公司製造HLC-8220GPC)上串列地具備有管柱(Tosoh股份有限公司製造TSKgelG4000HXL、TSKgelG3000HXL、TSKgelG2000HXL)者,管柱溫度設為40℃。又,溶析液使用四氫呋喃,設為1ml/min之流速,檢測器係使用RI(示差折射計)檢測器。
含磷率:於試樣中添加硫酸、鹽酸、過氯酸,進行加熱而進行濕式灰化,使全部磷原子成為正磷酸。於硫酸酸性溶液中使偏釩酸鹽及鉬酸鹽發生反應,測定所產生之磷釩鉬酸錯合物於420nm下之吸光度,根據預先使用磷酸二氫鉀製成之校正曲線求出磷原子含有率,並以%表示。積層板之含磷率係以相對於積層板之樹脂成分之含有率的形式表示。
銅箔剝離強度及層間接著力:依據JIS C 6481進行測定,層間接著力係於第7層與第8層之間進行剝離並進行測定。
燃燒性:依據UL94(Underwriters Laboratories Inc.之安全認證規格)。對5片試驗片進行試驗,以秒表示第1次與第2次之接觸火焰(5片分別各2次共計10次之接觸火焰)後有焰燃燒持續時間的合計時間。
玻璃轉移溫度DSC:以利用示差掃描熱量測定裝置(SII Nano Technology股份有限公司製造EXSTAR6000 DSC6200)於10℃/分鐘之升溫條件下進行測定時的DSC外插值之溫度表示。
玻璃轉移溫度TMA:以利用熱機械分析裝置(SII Nano Technology股份有限公司製造EXSTAR6000 TMA/SS120U)於5℃/分鐘
之升溫條件下進行測定時的TMA外插值之溫度表示。
將實施例及比較例中使用之環氧樹脂示於以下。
Epotohto YDPN-638(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 通用型苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、二核體含有率22面積%、三核體含有率15面積%、三核體及四核體含有率之合計為25面積%、五核體以上含有率53面積%、數量平均分子量528、重量平均分子量1127、分散度2.13、環氧當量176g/eq)(參照圖1)
Epotohto YDF-170(新日鐵化學股份有限公司製造 雙酚F型環氧樹脂 環氧當量170g/eq)
合成例1(苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂之合成)
於具備攪拌裝置、溫度計、冷卻管、氮氣導入裝置之4口玻璃製分離式燒瓶中,添加苯酚2500份、草酸二水合物7.5份,一面導入氮氣一面進行攪拌,進行加熱而使之升溫。於80℃下開始滴加37.4%福馬林474.1份,以30分鐘結束滴加。進而,將反應溫度保持於92℃而進行3小時反應。一面升溫而將反應生成水去除至系統外一面升溫至110℃。將殘存苯酚於160℃下進行減壓下回收,獲得苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂。進而提高溫度而回收二核體之一部分。所獲得之苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂之二核體含有率及三核體含有率於凝膠滲透層析法之測定中分別為10面積%及38面積%。
合成例2(苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂之合成)
於與合成例1同樣之裝置中,添加合成例1之苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂665.8份、表氯醇2110.8份、水17份,一面攪拌一面升溫至50℃。添加49%氫氧化鈉水溶液14.2份並進行3小時反應。升溫至64℃,抽氣減壓至發生水之
回流之程度,歷時3小時滴加49%氫氧化鈉水溶液457.7份而進行反應。使溫度上升至70℃而進行脫水,將溫度設為135℃而回收殘存之表氯醇。恢復至常壓,添加MIBK 1232份並進行溶解。添加離子交換水1200份,進行攪拌靜置使副生成之食鹽溶解於水中而去除。繼而,添加49%氫氧化鈉水溶液37.4份,並於80℃下進行90分鐘攪拌反應而進行精製反應。追加MIBK,進行數次水洗而去除離子性雜質。回收溶劑,獲得酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂。二核體含有率為9面積%,三核體含有率為36面積%,三核體及四核體含有率之合計為53面積%,五核體以上含有率為38面積%,數量平均分子量為513,重量平均分子量為713,分散度為1.39,環氧當量為174g/eq。(參照圖2)
實施例1
於與合成例1同樣之裝置中添加HCA(三光股份有限公司製造9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物 含磷率14.2%)127份、甲苯270份,進行加熱而進行溶解。繼而,一面注意發熱一面添加1,4-萘醌(東京化成工業股份有限公司製造 純度98%以上)70份,將溫度保持於90℃以下並保持30分鐘。進而,緩緩使溫度上升並於回流溫度下保持2小時。回收一部分甲苯後,添加合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂804份,一面導入氮氣一面進行攪拌,升溫至130℃。添加0.20份三苯基膦作為觸媒,於160℃下進行3小時反應。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為276g/eq,含磷率為1.8%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例2
除設為HCA 141份、1,4-萘醌77份、合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂782份、三苯基膦0.22份以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得
之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為294g/eq,含磷率為2.0%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例3
除設為HCA 155份、1,4-萘醌85份、合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂760份、三苯基膦0.24份以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為317g/eq,含磷率為2.2%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例4
設為HCA 141份、1,4-萘醌83份、合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂726份、三苯基膦0.22份,進而將YDF-170B 50份與苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂同時摻合,除此以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為297g/eq,含磷率為2.0%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例5
設為HCA 155份、1,4-萘醌57份、合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂638份、三苯基膦0.21份,進而將YDF-170150份與苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂同時摻合,除此以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為286g/eq,含磷率為2.2%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例6
設為HCA 155份、1,4-萘醌34份、合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂777份、三苯基膦0.19份,進而將BRG-555(昭和電工股份有限公司製造 苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂)34份與苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂同時摻合,除此以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為310g/eq,含磷率為2.2%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例7
設為HCA 155份、1,4-萘醌23份、合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂779份、三苯基膦0.18份,進而將BRG-555 43份與苯酚酚醛清漆型環
氧樹脂同時摻合,除此以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為310g/eq,含磷率為2.2%。將結果匯總於表1。
比較例1
於與合成例1同樣之裝置中,添加YDPN-638 824份、HCA 176份,一面導入氮氣一面進行攪拌,進行加熱而升溫。於130℃下添加0.18份三苯基膦作為觸媒,並於160℃下進行3小時反應。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為263g/eq,含磷率為2.5%。將結果匯總於表1。
比較例2
除設為合成例2之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂824份、HCA 176份以外,進行與比較例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為266g/eq,含磷率為2.5%。將結果匯總於表1。
比較例3
除設為HCA 141份、1,4-萘醌77份、YDPN-638 782份、三苯基膦0.22份以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為303g/eq,含磷率為2.0%。將結果匯總於表1。
比較例4
設為HCA 155份、1,4-萘醌80份、YDPN-638 465份、三苯基膦0.23份,進而將YDF-170 300份與苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂同時摻合,除此以外,進行與實施例1同樣之操作。所獲得之環氧樹脂之環氧當量為311g/eq,含磷率為2.2%。將結果匯總於表1。
實施例8~實施例14及比較例5~比較例8
將實施例1~實施例7、比較例1~比較例4之環氧樹脂、與作為硬化劑之雙氰胺按表2之配方進行摻合,並溶解於經甲基乙基酮、丙二醇單甲基醚、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺進行調整之混合溶劑中,而獲得環氧樹脂組成物清漆。
使所獲得之樹脂組成物清漆含浸於玻璃布WEA 7628 XS13
(日東紡織股份有限公司製造0.18mm厚)。將經含浸之玻璃布於150℃之熱風循環爐中進行乾燥,獲得預浸體。將8片所獲得之預浸體重合,於上下重合銅箔(三井金屬礦業股份有限公司製造3EC),以130℃×15分鐘及170℃×20kg/cm2×70分鐘進行加熱、加壓而獲得積層板。將積層板之TMA、DSC、DMS之玻璃轉移溫度、銅箔剝離強度、層間接著力、難燃性試驗之結果匯總於表2。
如表1、表2所示般,關於使通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)發生反應而獲得之含磷環氧樹脂(A),其與使用不使醌化合物進行反應之環氧樹脂或不具有特定分子量分佈之苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂之情形相比,低黏度且玻璃轉移溫度、接著力較高,並且以較低之含磷率獲得難燃性。
本發明係以特定之磷化合物、醌化合物與具有特定分子量分佈之環氧樹脂(a)為必須成分進行反應而獲得之含磷環氧樹脂(A),可用作難燃性、耐熱性、接著性優異之電子電路基板用之環氧樹脂。
Claims (6)
- 一種含磷環氧樹脂(A),其係以通式(1)所示之磷化合物、醌化合物與環氧樹脂(a)為必須成分進行反應而獲得者,其特徵在於:環氧樹脂(a)為酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂,該酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂於凝膠滲透層析法之測定中,二核體含有率為15面積%以下,三核體含有率為15面積%~60面積%,具有數量平均分子量為350~700之分子量分佈;(凝膠滲透層析法測定條件)使用串列地具備Tosoh股份有限公司製造之TSKgelG4000HXL、TSKgelG3000HXL、TSKgelG2000HXL者,管柱溫度設為40℃;又,溶析液使用四氫呋喃,流速設為1ml/min,檢測器係使用RI(示差折射計)檢測器;測定試樣係使樣品0.1g溶解於10ml之THF而成;根據所獲得之層析圖計算二核體含有率及三核體含有率,根據標準聚苯乙烯之校正曲線測定數量平均分子量;
- 一種含磷環氧樹脂組成物,其係以申請專利範圍第1項之含磷環氧樹脂(A)與硬化劑為必須成分,相對於含磷環氧樹脂(A)之環氧基1當量摻合硬化劑之活性基0.3當量~1.5當量而成。
- 一種環氧樹脂硬化物,其係使申請專利範圍第2項之含磷環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成。
- 一種預浸體,其係使申請專利範圍第2項之含磷環氧樹脂組成物含 浸於基材而成。
- 一種積層板,其係使申請專利範圍第2項之含磷環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成。
- 一種電子電路基板,其係使申請專利範圍第2項之含磷環氧樹脂組成物硬化而成。
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TWI823991B (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2023-12-01 | 日商日鐵化學材料股份有限公司 | 環氧樹脂組成物、預浸體、積層板、電路基板用材料、硬化物以及含磷環氧樹脂的製造方法 |
TWI838452B (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2024-04-11 | 日商日鐵化學材料股份有限公司 | 環氧樹脂組成物及其硬化物、預浸料、黏接片材、積層板 |
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TWI799644B (zh) * | 2018-09-19 | 2023-04-21 | 日商日鐵化學材料股份有限公司 | 環氧樹脂組成物、預浸料、積層板及印刷配線基板 |
TWI838452B (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2024-04-11 | 日商日鐵化學材料股份有限公司 | 環氧樹脂組成物及其硬化物、預浸料、黏接片材、積層板 |
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