TW200839915A - Semiconductor die and package structure - Google Patents

Semiconductor die and package structure Download PDF

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TW200839915A
TW200839915A TW096128172A TW96128172A TW200839915A TW 200839915 A TW200839915 A TW 200839915A TW 096128172 A TW096128172 A TW 096128172A TW 96128172 A TW96128172 A TW 96128172A TW 200839915 A TW200839915 A TW 200839915A
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die
bonding pads
test
semiconductor
bonding
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TWI341005B (en
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Wen-Liang Luo
Yung-Liang Kuo
Ming-Cheng Hsu
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Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg
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    • H01L22/30Structural arrangements specially adapted for testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment, or specially adapted for reliability measurements
    • H01L22/34Circuits for electrically characterising or monitoring manufacturing processes, e. g. whole test die, wafers filled with test structures, on-board-devices incorporated on each die, process control monitors or pad structures thereof, devices in scribe line
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Description

200839915 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種積體電路,且特別關於具有穿透 石夕通孔(through-silicon vias)之堆疊半導體晶粒的製造與 封裝技術。 【先前技術】 從積體電路發明至今,由於多種電子零件(即電晶 體、發光二極體、電阻器、電容器等)的積集度持續改 善,半導體工業經歷快速成長。在積集度的改善主要在 最小結構尺寸上持續的減縮,以使更多元件可整合至一 晶片區。 上述積集度的改善本質上為二維,因為整合後的元 件所佔有的體積實際上是位於半導體晶圓的表面。雖然 由於微影技術的改進已在二維積體電路產生相當大的改 善,但在二維中,仍有物理限制。其中一個限制為需將 這些元件製造成最小化之尺寸。當需要放置越多元件於 一晶片時,則需要越複雜的設計。 為解決上述之限制因此了產生三維積體電路 (three-dimensional integrated circuits,3D 1C) 〇 使用三維 積體電路技術可達到較高的元件密度,且使連接的上限 到六層晶圓。因此,總線路長度顯著減少。介層孔的數 目也減少。因此三維積體電路技術有潛力成為下個積體 電路世代的主流技術。 0503-A32987TWF/daphne 5 200839915 /成二,,,㈣論電路的傳統方法也包m至晶圓連 接(die_t0_wafer),其將複數個獨立的晶粒連接至-相同的 晶圓。晶粒至晶圓連接的優點為晶粒的尺寸可小 圓上之晶片的尺寸。穿透料孔⑽舰gh_sme θ曰
Tsv)也指穿透晶圓通孔(thr略wafervias),其為使用來 連接晶粒中之積體電路與晶圓中之積體電路。第^圖顯 不-傳統包括穿切通孔之三維積體電路。晶粒4鱼6 堆疊在底部晶圓2之上,其中晶粒4與6以及底部晶圓2 各包括積體電路。穿透料孔8形成在晶粒 連 下方之晶圓2至上方之晶粒6。 運接 在晶粒4與6連接至晶圓2的上方後,執行一 探測(wafer probing)至堆疊的晶粒。只有在這些# 3曰 探針測試時才會進行封裝。藉由在早期辨^ = 堆疊的晶圓,可省下封裝的成本。-般而言,;1= 對晶粒4與6以及晶粒上晶圓2的獨立測試程式,: 生探測堆疊之晶粒的測試程式。然而,因為晶粒… 以及晶圓2為分別製造,其測試程式可能為了不同p 產生。例如’一些測試程式為UNIX系統,而—二 程式則為Window系統。因此合併這些程式:二 戰之任務。 飞义成極具挑 因此業界亟一種堆疊晶粒的改良測試方 構’以克服程式合併的困難。 ^、、、口 【發明内容】 0503-A32987TWF/daphne 6 200839915 本發明提供一種半導體晶粒,包括一迴路結構形成 在該半導體晶粒的一第一表面上。迴路結構包括:一第 一接合塾在該第一表面上;一第二接合墊在該第一表面 上,其中該第一及第二接合墊與該半導體晶粒中的積體 電路為電性分離;以及一導電結構與該第一與第二接合 墊為電性短路。 本發明另提供一種半導體封裝結構,包括一第二晶 粒連結至一第一晶粒上。第一晶粒包括一迴路結構,該 迴路結構包括:一第一接合墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表 面上;一第二接合墊在該第一晶粒的該第一表面上;以 及一導電結構與該第一與第二接合墊為電性短路。第二 晶粒包括一内連線結構包括:一第三與第四接合墊在該 第二晶粒的一第一表面上,其中該第三與第四接合墊分 別與該第一晶粒之該第一與第二該接合塾連接;一第一 與第二穿透矽通孔;以及一第五與第六接合墊位於一第 二表面,該第二表面為該第二晶粒之第一表面的相反 面。該第三與第五接合墊藉由該第一穿透矽通孔電性短 路,且該第四與第六接合墊藉由該第二穿透矽通孔電性 短路。 本發明提供另一種半導體封裝結構,包括一第一晶 粒;一第二晶粒連結至該第一晶粒上;以及複數個測試 結構形成穿過該第一與第二晶粒。各測試結構包括:一 迴路結構在該第一晶粒中。迴路結構包括:一第一接合 墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表面上;一第二接合墊在該第 0503-A32987TWF/dapline 7 200839915 一晶粒的一第一表面上;以及一導電結構與該第一與第 二接合墊為電性短路。各測試結構更包括一第三與第四 接合墊在該第二晶粒的一第一表面上,其中該第三與第 四接合墊分別與該第一晶粒的該第一與第二接合墊連 接;一第一與第二穿透矽通孔在該第二晶粒中;以及一 第五與第六接合墊位於一第二表面,該第二表面為該第 二晶粒之第一表面的相反面。該第三與第五接合墊藉由 該第一穿透矽通孔電性短路,該第四與第六接合墊。藉 由該第二穿透矽通孔電性短路。 本發明又提供一種形成半導體封裝結構的方法,包 括:形成一導電結構在一第一晶粒中;形成一第一接合 墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表面上,其中該第一接合墊與 該導電結構為電性連接;形成一第二接合墊在該第一晶 粒的一第一表面上。第一及第二接合墊與該半導體晶粒 中的積體電路元件為電性分離。 本發明還提供一種形成半導體封裝結構的方法,包 括:形成複數個迴路結構在該第一晶粒中,以及形成複 數個内連線結構於一第二晶粒中。各迴路結構包括第一 接合墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表面上;一第二接合墊在 該第一晶粒的一第一表面上;以及一導電結構與該第一 與第二接合墊為電性短路。各内連線結構包括一第三與 第四接合墊在該第二晶粒的一第一表面;一第一與第二 穿透矽通孔在該第二晶粒中;一第五與第六接合墊在該 第二晶粒的一第二表面上,該第二晶粒的第二表面與該 0503-A32987TWF/daphne 200839915 弟一晶粒的第一表面為相反面。該 由該W夕通孔電性短路。該第四與 由:::穿透發通孔電性短路。此方法更包括連:該; -一日日粒至該第"一a jlVr r3 -U Μ 弟 曰曰粒上,且在各内連線結構中的ψ 接至在複數個迴路結構中之個別二 内連線結構之測試結構。 、'、口構…具有個別 =明實施例的優點包括減少堆疊晶粒 的稷雜度與增加摘測方向與錯誤排列的大小的能力。 更明本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能 ^月頁純’下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖示, 作§羊細說明如下·· 【實施方式】 般而s,在連接晶粒及/或晶圓之前,會對晶圓上 的晶粒、進行測試與分類。也會對要與晶圓連接之晶粒進 :測4與7刀類。若一些晶圓上的晶粒沒有通過測試程 會將虛設晶粒連接在有問題的晶粒之上。因此在堆 豐後,經過連接與探測的晶粒(除了虛設晶粒),則認 定為良好晶粒。因此,若執行堆疊製程時無任何錯位 (nnSalignment)發生,則可合理期待堆疊的晶粒將正確地 運作。基於此分析,可將探測程序簡化。 第2A圖顯示本發明一實施例的剖面圖,其中測試結 構42穿越堆疊的晶粒。一已知良好晶粒24連接至晶粒 〇503-A32987TWF/daphne 9 200839915 晶粒22為晶圓2”一已知的良好晶粒。晶圓 20更包括更多晶粒,為了简 、, 日圓 μ六曰4 為了間化圖式,並未將其繪示於圖 在^ 4中形成—對穿透料孔26與28。穿透 心曰以電《接(短路)晶粒24第一側上的接合二^ 兵日日粒24第一侧上的接合墊32,、彳 相反侧。相似地,穿透石",W J與弟-侧為 牙处矽通孔28電性連接(短路)曰物 :第-側上的接合塾34,與晶粒24第 = 6。牙切通孔26、28與分別連接的接合墊3〇、32^4 與36形成一内連線結構。 盥4。晶3,,其包括上表面之接編 ,、 路4 31電性短路至接合墊38 i 4G。短路 I構31較佳包括形成在晶 由 與金屬線。在-較佳趣施㈣,屬化層中的介層孔 屬化層中形成的鋁線,以及兩個在至 38^ 40 如^ 層孔各自連接接合墊 3U至鋁、線。在一實施例中,短 於上金屬化層中的介層孔盘 菁31 了包括低 延伸至曰勒79沾I / 路結構31甚至可 為㈣:對卞的基底。在-實施例中,接合墊32與38 ,貝上對背,且接合墊36與40也為 連接晶粒2 4至晶粒2 2後,接合塾3 2幻、::在 接觸,合墊%與40也較佳為互相接二4為互相 在日日粒24中的内連線結構金 形成測試結構42。在連接製程之後晶中的迴路結構 性連接(短路)接合㈣與34=^糾結構電 32與36中至少其-未與相對叙接且接合塾 丧口墊38與4〇連接, 〇503-A32987TWF/daphne 10 200839915 則接合墊30與34會成為電性分 1他位於日物伤0/1 隹因此,可預期的是 ”他位於s曰粒22與24之間的連接(未顯示)也 二b對應的堆疊晶粒因此報廢。在第2a圖的實施例中曰,若 =超出W卜則發生電性分離,们為接合塾& =與:。的寬度(或長度)。若接合墊3。與34為 接,則將會對相對應之堆疊的晶粒進行封裝。 各堆疊的晶粒可形成如爸〇 Λ ^ 社椹。笛π心— 圖所示之複數個測試 冓弟沈圖頰示弟以圖之實施例的上視圖,苴中上 視面是取自橫跨過線Α_Α,的一平面。在一= :A、A與A的測試結構42形:::: ::粒的各角洛。需注意的是,在圖中接合塾32與 :偏:相對應的接合墊38貞*,但它們可能 =在㈣晶粒的角落形成測試結構的優點為,、若錯= 女f卢&〜人 對曰曰粒22作相對旋轉’則錯位的 大小在角洛區會更顯著。此外’角落區可具有更 用的空間可容納測試結構。在其他 外,測試結構42可形成在堆疊晶粒的其他位置角洛 而言’接合塾的尺寸比連接穿透石夕通孔大。秋 的接合墊與穿透石々福力咏 、貝上為相同大小 豆中垃人韻、 弟3圖顯示一實施例的剖面圖, ’、· 口 %與36及接合墊38與40具有一實質上相 = ^W2(及—相同長度)。在此實、錯 接合整30與34則為電性分離。如此-來 了拎供一較高準確性的錯位偵測。 〇5〇3-A32987TWF/daphn, 11 200839915 、在第4圖中,接合墊32與36的寬度W3小於穿遂 石夕通孔^與28的寬度%,因此錯位该測準確性較高。 在上述實施例中,可發現錯位的大小。為了改善後續的 連接製程必須確定錯㈣方向。第5圖㈣—實施例的 上視圖,其中上視面是取自晶粒24與22 (見第2A圖) 之門的接σ邛。此貫施例包括複數個測試結構,其具 2分重疊的接合墊。在堆疊晶粒之左上方角》落的測試 7 42!包括接合墊32與%從相對應的接合墊%與 =左下方位移。接合墊32與36屬於上層晶粒% , ’而接 5 i 38與4〇則屬於下層晶粒22。假設接合墊32、36、 38與40具有一尺寸w ’而介於接合塾%與%及相對 應的接合墊38與40之間的重疊區具有一尺寸%,,合上 層晶粒24朝較低方向及/或左邊方向錯位(如圖示於 W時,測試結構42ι的電性連接損壞。然而,若上層曰 粒24朝較高方向及/或又邊方向錯位(如圖示),只;: 錯位大小超過2W_W,時職結構42]的紐連接才 因此測試結構在上方左側角落對於上層間晶粒^朝 向較低及/或左邊方向位移的錯位更靈敏。同樣地 測試結構422的接合墊32與36從對應的接合㈣鱼了 it:::外’在其他角落剩餘的測試結構具有部分重 豐的接合墊。測試結構423與424個朝向_方向位 此測試結構42的連接狀態顯示錯位的方向 ^因 試結構422與424不連接,而測試結構42】盥〇 右測 則已知錯位朝向右邊。 η 3為連接’ 〇503-A32987TWF/daphn< 12 200839915 有才候堆宜晶粒的錯位小於允許錯位的最大值,因 制:視,正¥ B日粒,但仍須對錯位進行暸解以改善連 妾衣f王第6圖續不與第5圖相似之實施例,除了額外 U j、°構5G外(為了簡潔只顯示-個)。測試結構50 的重宜尺寸較佳與測試結構42不同。在—實施例中,於 42中之重疊區的尺寸w,與最大的允許錯位相 f,因此_結構42可用來判定產生的堆疊晶粒是否為 良好的堆疊晶粒。於測試結構50中的重疊區之尺寸w” /於尺寸W,且測試結構5〇的連接狀態可用來改善其 後的連接製程。例如,若在測試結構5〇中的一些電路途 徑損壞,而測試結構42的電路途經沒有損壞,則表示錯 位是^ W,,與W,之間。再者,可形成四個賴結構50 =堆$晶粒的各個角落,且每個職結構從其他測試結 構彺一方向位移。 在弟7圖中,晶粒52堆疊於晶粒24上。晶粒μ較 k包括與晶粒24實質相同的内連線結構。在晶粒52中 ^内連線結構較佳為實質上與晶粒Μ中之内連線結構對 使上方接合墊54與56可與相對的接合墊3〇與% 私f生連接,其更連接至晶粒22中之迴路結構。藉此, 偵測晶粒52對位於下方之晶粒24的錯位。第^圖更顯 不一額外的迴路結構58在晶粒24中,其中迴路姓構^ 連接至穿透料孔6〇與接合墊62。在各堆疊晶粒°中(匕 了頂部之晶粒)具有迴路結構的優點是,甚至在晶: 粒之後仍可發現錯位的位置大小與方向。例如,若 13 〇503-A32987TWF/daphne 200839915 ,=電性分離,則錯位發生在晶粒52盘2 右接合墊62為電性短路,而接電“與 日】。…、、 離,則錯位發生在晶粒24與22之間。〃為電性分 對於顯示於第5 _實施例, 測試結構中的接合 且夕们日日粒,在 • !」具有一父替位移®安· shift pattern)。— 0 木(alternating p ~例如,弟8圖顯示在晶粒2 合墊實質上對齊,且在曰物1位22與52中的接 然而連接在一起㈣人:人4中的接合墊為對齊。 丧在起的接合墊只有部分對齊。 本發明之實施例具有許多優點。首先, 曰 的測試顯著地簡化。因為 、隹宜日日粒 若無錯位發生,則不已知良好晶粒, :ί;因此測試成本與上市時效縮短。第二,可二: 宜晶粒之錯位大小盥方尚。拉W 性進-步改善。*此’可使連接製程的準確 、雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其 二:定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離:發明之 精神和範圍内,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明 之保瘦粑圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 〇5〇3-A32987TWF/daphne 14 200839915 【圖式簡單說明】 晶粒之傳統封裝結構。 本發明一實施例的剖面圖與 第1圖顯示一包括堆疊 、第2A與2B圖分別顯示 上視圖。 立乐4 有接合墊與?透料孔❹m結構的 口j面^其中接合墊的寬度小於穿透矽通孔的寬度。 第5與6圖顯示本發明一實施例的上視圖,其 试結構的接合墊為錯位。 、 第7與8圖顯示多於兩個晶粒的堆疊。 【主要元件符號說明】 2〜晶圓; 4、6〜晶粒; 8〜穿透矽通孔; 20〜晶圓; 22、24、52、64〜晶粒; 26、28、60〜穿透矽通孔; 30、32、34、36、38、40、54、56、62〜接合塾; 31〜短路結構; 42、42〗、422 ' 423、424、50〜測試結構; W1〜接合墊32、38、36與40的寬度(或長度)· W2〜接合墊32與36及接合墊38與4〇實質上相同 的寬度(或相同的長度); 15 0503-A32987TWF/daphne 200839915 W3〜接合墊32與36的寬度; W〜接合墊32、36、38與-40的尺寸; W’〜介於接合墊32與36及相對應的接合墊38與 40之間重疊區的尺寸; W’,〜於測試結構50中的重疊區之尺寸; 58〜額外的迴路結構。 0503-A32987TWF/daphne 16

Claims (1)

  1. 200839915 十、申請專利範厨·· i 一種半導體晶粒,包括: 一第一表面; 一迴路結構,包括: 一第一接合墊在該第一表面上,· 一弟二接合墊在該第一表面上,並一 接合墊與該半導體晶粒_的積體電路A、+ 弟— -導带r 7積版电路為電性分離;以及 2 與該第—與第二接合墊為電性短路。 該導電結構二鄉Μ 1韻敎铸體絲,其中 金屬線位於一金屬化μ中· 複數個第一介層孔與^第 線與該第—接合墊;m …金屬線連接該金屬 複數個第二介層孔與複 — 線與該第二接合墊。〃 *弟一孟屬線連接該金屬 括_ 料範目帛1項所叙料體㉟粒,更包 括知數—路結構,彼此不連接,各包括:更包 上;—弟—額外的接合墊在該半導體晶粒的該第-表面 上,2:;外=合塾在該半導體晶粒的該第-表面 的積體魏為額=接合塾與該半導體晶粒中 電性=外的導電結構與該額外的第—與第二接合塾為 °5〇3>A32987TWF/daphne 17 200839915 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之半導體晶粒,其中 該第一與第二接合墊與該複數個迴路結構分佈在該半導 體晶粒的不同角落。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體晶粒,更包 括: 一第一與第二穿透矽通孔 一第三接合墊與一第四接合墊在該半導體晶粒的第 一表面上;以及 一第五與第六接合墊在該半導體晶粒的一第二表面 上,該第二表面與該第一表面為相反面,其中,該第三 與第五接合墊藉由該第一穿透矽通孔電性短路,且該第 四與第六接合墊藉由該第二穿透矽通孔電性短路,且其 中該第一及第二穿透矽通孔與該半導體晶粒中之積體電 路為電性分離。 6. —種半導體封裝結構,包括: 一第一晶粒包括一迴路結構,該迴路結構包括: 一第一接合墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表面上; 一第二接合墊在該第一晶粒的該第一表面上;以及 一導電結構與該弟一與弟二接合塾為電性短路, 一第二晶粒連接至該第一晶粒上,其中該第二晶粒 包括一内連線結構,包括: 一第三與第四接合墊在該第二晶粒的一第一表面 上,其中該第三與第四接合墊分別與該第一晶粒之該第 一與第二該接合墊連接; 0503-A32987TWF/daphne 18 200839915 罘 mi 牙透矽通孔;以及 弟五與弟六接合塾 一— 的該第-表面的相;^表面於該第二晶粒 該第三盥窠石妓人拥* 牙处石夕通孔, 通孔,P接:塾為電性短路,且藉由該第二穿透破 °Λ弟四與第六接合墊為電性短路。 其二第6項f述之半導體封裝結構, 電性分離,日兮〜—°墊與㈣—晶粒中的積體電路為 體電路為電性分離。 晶粒中的積 ^如ΐ請專·圍第6項所述之半導 其中該弟—與第二接合 衣、、口構, 合墊對齊。 ,、貝上刀別與該弟三與第四接 9·如申請專利範圍第 其中該第—盥笫人豳、 、心千V脰封裝結構, 分對齊。4一接合塾分別與該第三與第四接合塾部 1 〇·如申清專利範圍第 構,更包括: 心9項所叙半導體封裝結 弟二晶粒連接至該第 包括衩數個第一内連線結構 第四晶粒連接至該第 包括複數個第二内連線結構 、晶粒上,其中該第 以及 晶粒上,其中与Γ楚 、Τ "亥弟四晶粒 其各與該複數個第—内連 旦粒 aa 線結構之—對齊並㈣個弟-内連 線結構中的内料的複數個第—内連 的内連線與该複數個第二内 内連線以一方而扭# ^ 口傅甲對應的 方向錯位,该方向與該 lu乐内連線結 〇503-A32987TWF/daphn( 19 200839915 構中其餘内連線的錯位方向不同,且其中該第一與第二 接合墊與該複數個第一内連線結構之一的接合墊對齊, 且該第五與第六接合墊與該複數個第二内連線結構之一 的接合墊對齊。 11. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之半導體封裝結 構,其中該第二晶粒更包括一迴路結構與該第二晶粒之 第二表面上之額外的接合墊連接。 12. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之半導體封裝結 構,其中該第一晶粒為一晶圓,且該第二晶粒為一分離 的晶粒。 13. —種半導體封裝結構,包括: *一弟"一晶粒, 一第二晶粒連結至該第一晶粒上;以及 複數個測試結構穿過該第一與第二晶粒,其中各測 試結構包括· 一迴路結構在該弟' 晶粒中’包括· 一第一接合墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表面上; 一第二接合墊在該第一晶粒的一第一表面上;以及 一導電結構與該第一與第二接合墊為電性短路; 一第三與第四接合墊在該第二晶粒的一第一表面 上,其中該第三與第四接合墊分別與該第一晶粒的該第 一與第二接合墊連接; 一第一與第二穿透矽通孔在該第二晶粒中;以及 一第五與第六接合墊位於一第二表面,該第二表面 0503-A32987TWF/daplme 20 200839915 為該第二晶粒之第一矣 接合塾藉由穿^的相反面,其中㈣三與第五 六接人執—山》 通孔電性短路,且該第四與第 、口错由該第二穿透矽通孔電性短路。 構,其巾專利範圍第13項所述之半導體封I結 上八^ =各測試結構中,該第三與第四接合墊實質 刀人該第一與第二接合墊完全對齊。 15·如申請專利範圍第13項所述之半導體封裝結 μ 口 構中,該第三與第四接合墊 上分別與該第-與第二接合墊部分對齊。 墊只貝 構,L6’中::請專利範圍f 13項所述之半導體封裝結 ^/、中在该各測試結構中,其中該第-、第二、第-與弟四接合墊的每 弟一 孔之剖面的尺寸。、μ上接近該第―與第二穿透石夕通 構,專利範圍第13項所述之半導體封裝結 ,、中在翁測試結構中,其中該第— 二弟四接合墊的尺寸實質上小於該第-與第二;透:; 孔之剖面的尺寸。 牙透矽通 18.如申請專利範圍第13項所述之半導體 構’其中該複數個測試結構中、… 構方:該第-測,構的該第三:第: 為朝方二測試結構的該第-與第三接合墊 W如申料財㈣^不同。 構,13項所述之半導體封裝結 ,、中忒知數個測試結構中包括一第一與第 Aj2987丁WF/daphne 21 200839915 構,而該第一測試結構的該第三與第一接合 -重疊尺寸,而該第二測試結構的該第三與㈡4 具有一第二重疊尺寸實質上不同於該第-重疊尺寸。 2 0 ·如申請專利範園筮 構,其中該複數個測試結構:、u半導體封裝結 該第-與第二晶粒的一角茨i四個測試結構各形成在 每個該第三與第—接人:,且在該四個測試結構中的 接°墊以不同方向錯位。 τ自〕 0503-A32987TW/daphne 22
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