NO155532B - Framgangsmaate for framstilling av silicium for solceller. - Google Patents
Framgangsmaate for framstilling av silicium for solceller. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO155532B NO155532B NO793270A NO793270A NO155532B NO 155532 B NO155532 B NO 155532B NO 793270 A NO793270 A NO 793270A NO 793270 A NO793270 A NO 793270A NO 155532 B NO155532 B NO 155532B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- silicon dioxide
- carbon
- furnace
- reducing agent
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 title 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 117
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 89
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rohrzucker Natural products OCC1OC(CO)(OC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- FRIKWZARTBPWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].O=[Si]=O Chemical compound [Si].O=[Si]=O FRIKWZARTBPWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 starch Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
- C01B33/023—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material
- C01B33/025—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/028,947 US4247528A (en) | 1979-04-11 | 1979-04-11 | Method for producing solar-cell-grade silicon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO793270L NO793270L (no) | 1980-10-14 |
| NO155532B true NO155532B (no) | 1987-01-05 |
Family
ID=21846397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO793270A NO155532B (no) | 1979-04-11 | 1979-10-11 | Framgangsmaate for framstilling av silicium for solceller. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4247528A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS55136116A (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU523622B2 (OSRAM) |
| BE (1) | BE879715A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1136382A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE3013319C2 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2453827A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB2046232B (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL7907282A (OSRAM) |
| NO (1) | NO155532B (OSRAM) |
| SE (1) | SE438667B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (66)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2945141C2 (de) * | 1979-11-08 | 1983-10-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum Herstellen von für Halbleiterbauelemente verwendbarem Silizium aus Quarzsand |
| DE3032720C2 (de) * | 1980-08-30 | 1982-12-16 | International Minerals & Chemical Luxembourg S.A., 2010 Luxembourg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silicium aus Quarz und Kohlenstoff im Elektroofen |
| DE3123009A1 (de) * | 1981-06-10 | 1982-12-30 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen von fuer solarzellen verwendbarem silizium |
| DE3128979C2 (de) * | 1981-07-22 | 1986-10-23 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum Herstellen von für Solarzellen verwendbarem Silizium |
| DE3206766A1 (de) * | 1982-02-25 | 1983-09-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen von fuer solarzellen verwendbarem silizium |
| DE3210141A1 (de) * | 1982-03-19 | 1983-09-22 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen von fuer insbesondere solarzellen verwendbarem silicium |
| DE3215981A1 (de) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-03 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen hochreiner ausgangsmaterialien fuer die fertigung von silizium fuer solarzellen nach dem carbothermischen reduktionsverfahren |
| DE3246121A1 (de) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-14 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen von borfreiem siliziumdioxid |
| US4486226A (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1984-12-04 | Allied Corporation | Multistage process for preparing ferroboron |
| US4643833A (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1987-02-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for separating solid reaction products from silicon produced in an arc furnace |
| IT1176955B (it) * | 1984-10-12 | 1987-08-26 | Samin Abrasivi Spa | Procedimento di produzione di silicio metallico adatto per essere impiegato nell'industria fotovoltaica |
| US4981668A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1991-01-01 | Dow Corning Corporation | Silicon carbide as a raw material for silicon production |
| DE3732073A1 (de) * | 1987-09-23 | 1989-04-06 | Siemens Ag | Hochreine innenauskleidung fuer einen elektroniederschachtofen |
| DE3804069A1 (de) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-24 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen von solarsilizium |
| WO1990003952A1 (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-04-19 | Crystal Systems, Inc. | Method of growing silicon ingots using a rotating melt |
| NO180532C (no) * | 1994-09-01 | 1997-05-07 | Elkem Materials | Fremgangsmåte for fjerning av forurensninger fra smeltet silisium |
| CA2232777C (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 2001-05-15 | Hiroyuki Baba | Method for producing silicon for use in solar cells |
| NO321276B1 (no) * | 2003-07-07 | 2006-04-18 | Elkem Materials | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av triklorsilan og silisium for bruk ved fremstilling av triklorsilan |
| NO333319B1 (no) * | 2003-12-29 | 2013-05-06 | Elkem As | Silisiummateriale for fremstilling av solceller |
| CA2563202C (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2012-07-10 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of selecting silicon having improved performance |
| US7588745B2 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2009-09-15 | Si Options, Llc | Silicon-containing products |
| US7638108B2 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2009-12-29 | Si Options, Llc | High purity silicon-containing products |
| US8470279B2 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2013-06-25 | Si Options, Llc | High purity silicon-containing products and method of manufacture |
| NO322246B1 (no) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-09-04 | Elkem Solar As | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av rettet storknede silisiumingots |
| TW200711999A (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2007-04-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Manufacturing method of silicon |
| DE102005061690A1 (de) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Solmic Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung solartauglichen Siliziums |
| BRPI0709288A2 (pt) * | 2006-03-15 | 2011-07-05 | Reaction Sciances Inc | método para produzir silìcio tendo alta pureza, método para preparar sìlicio de alta pureza, método para prepara sìlica de alta pureza e método para purificar silìcio de baixo grau para silìcio de alto grau |
| JP2007332022A (ja) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-27 | Young Sang Cho | 多結晶シリコンインゴット製造装置 |
| RU2333889C2 (ru) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-09-20 | Иосиф Григорьевич Альперович | Шихта для производства чистого кремния |
| BRPI0814930A2 (pt) * | 2007-06-08 | 2015-02-03 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | Método de solidificação de silício metálico |
| US20080314445A1 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-25 | General Electric Company | Method for the preparation of high purity silicon |
| US20080314446A1 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-25 | General Electric Company | Processes for the preparation of solar-grade silicon and photovoltaic cells |
| US8968467B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2015-03-03 | Silicor Materials Inc. | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
| US20100218644A1 (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2010-09-02 | Victor Black | Method of Producing Metals and Alloys by Carbothermal Reduction of Metal Oxides |
| US8026086B2 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2011-09-27 | Ontario Inc. | Methods for co-production of ethanol and silica from equisetum |
| ITMI20081085A1 (it) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | N E D Silicon S P A | Metodo per la preparazione di silicio di grado metallurgico di elevata purezza. |
| DE102008041334A1 (de) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Herstellung von Silizium durch Umsetzung von Siliziumoxid und Siliziumcarbid gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart einer zweiten Kohlenstoffquelle |
| DE102008042498A1 (de) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Pyrolyse von Kohlehydraten |
| JP2012504100A (ja) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-02-16 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | 二酸化珪素からのソーラーグレードシリコンの製造 |
| KR20110081168A (ko) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-07-13 | 에보니크 데구사 게엠베하 | 이산화규소로부터 태양전지급 규소를 제조하는 방법 |
| TW201033123A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Radiant Technology Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing a silicon material with high purity |
| EP2322474A1 (de) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-18 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Pyrolyse von Kohlehydraten |
| EP2322476A1 (de) * | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-18 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silicium |
| US20110120365A1 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Hui She | Process for removal of contaminants from a melt of non-ferrous metals and apparatus for growing high purity silicon crystals |
| DE102010001093A1 (de) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-28 | Evonik Degussa GmbH, 45128 | Verfahren zur Grobentkohlung einer Siliciumschmelze |
| DE102010001094A1 (de) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-07-28 | Evonik Degussa GmbH, 45128 | Verfahren zur Entkohlung einer Siliciumschmelze |
| RU2431602C1 (ru) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Сибинженерпроект" (ООО "СибИП") | Шихта для выплавки кремния рудно-термическим восстановлением |
| EP2572010A2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2013-03-27 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method and system for producing an aluminum-silicon alloy |
| CN102161487B (zh) * | 2011-03-09 | 2014-04-23 | 云南云天化国际化工股份有限公司 | 一种用磷肥副产硅胶生产纯硅的方法 |
| BR112013026465B1 (pt) | 2011-04-15 | 2020-01-28 | Biogenic Reagents LLC | reagente biogênico de alto teor de carbono e processo para preparar o mesmo |
| DE102012202590A1 (de) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreinen Halbmetallen |
| DE102012202586A1 (de) | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silizium über carbothermische Reduktion von Siliciumoxid mit Kohlenstoff in einem Schmelzofen |
| EP2847127B1 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2020-10-14 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon |
| NO336720B1 (no) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-10-26 | Elkem Solar As | Fremgangsmåte for forbedring av effektiviteten av solceller. |
| WO2015061701A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-30 | Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc | Methods and apparatus for producing activated carbon from biomass through carbonized ash intermediates |
| WO2015127460A1 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-27 | Biogenic Reagent Ventures, Llc | Highly mesoporous activated carbon |
| US11413601B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2022-08-16 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Halogenated activated carbon compositions and methods of making and using same |
| CN106229363B (zh) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-10-03 | 孙健春 | 一种含有黑磷层的太阳能电池及黑磷层的制备方法 |
| JP7665511B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-14 | 2025-04-21 | カーボン テクノロジー ホールディングス， エルエルシー | 生物由来多孔質炭素二酸化ケイ素組成物ならびにその作製方法および使用方法 |
| AU2019437369B2 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2021-12-02 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Method for producing technical silicon |
| US11753698B2 (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2023-09-12 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Bio-reduction of metal ores integrated with biomass pyrolysis |
| EP4294955A4 (en) | 2021-02-18 | 2024-12-25 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS WITH A NEGATIVE CARBON FOOTPRINT |
| CN117425620A (zh) | 2021-04-27 | 2024-01-19 | 卡本科技控股有限责任公司 | 具有优化的固定碳的生物碳组合物和其产生方法 |
| CA3225978A1 (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2023-01-12 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Processes for producing biocarbon pellets with high fixed-carbon content and optimized reactivity, and biocarbon pellets obtained therefrom |
| WO2023086323A1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-19 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Biocarbon compositions with optimized compositional parameters, and processes for producing the same |
| CN115893422B (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2024-07-30 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种粉煤喷吹冶炼硅石制备工业硅的方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL130371C (OSRAM) * | 1958-12-16 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| FR1530655A (fr) * | 1967-05-19 | 1968-06-28 | Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa | Fabrication du silicium et de ses alliages par carbothermie |
| JPS4937686A (OSRAM) * | 1972-08-08 | 1974-04-08 | ||
| JPS5114962A (ja) * | 1974-07-27 | 1976-02-05 | Mitsubishi Monsanto Chem | Netsukasoseijushishiitoyori seikeihinoseizosuru hoho |
| JPS5157629A (ja) * | 1974-11-15 | 1976-05-20 | Nippon Denko | Kangenzai |
-
1979
- 1979-04-11 US US06/028,947 patent/US4247528A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-09-14 CA CA000335625A patent/CA1136382A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-18 SE SE7907715A patent/SE438667B/sv unknown
- 1979-09-19 AU AU50958/79A patent/AU523622B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-10-01 NL NL7907282A patent/NL7907282A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-10-04 GB GB7934501A patent/GB2046232B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-08 JP JP12980679A patent/JPS55136116A/ja active Pending
- 1979-10-11 NO NO793270A patent/NO155532B/no unknown
- 1979-10-26 FR FR7926624A patent/FR2453827A1/fr active Granted
- 1979-10-30 BE BE0/197880A patent/BE879715A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-04-05 DE DE3013319A patent/DE3013319C2/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55136116A (en) | 1980-10-23 |
| DE3013319A1 (de) | 1980-10-16 |
| NL7907282A (nl) | 1980-10-14 |
| DE3013319C2 (de) | 1982-11-25 |
| SE438667B (sv) | 1985-04-29 |
| AU5095879A (en) | 1980-10-16 |
| FR2453827B1 (OSRAM) | 1984-08-24 |
| SE7907715L (sv) | 1980-10-12 |
| GB2046232A (en) | 1980-11-12 |
| US4247528A (en) | 1981-01-27 |
| CA1136382A (en) | 1982-11-30 |
| GB2046232B (en) | 1982-12-15 |
| FR2453827A1 (fr) | 1980-11-07 |
| NO793270L (no) | 1980-10-14 |
| BE879715A (fr) | 1980-04-30 |
| AU523622B2 (en) | 1982-08-05 |
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