KR20050088472A - 광범위한 분자량 폴리에틸렌의 제조 - Google Patents
광범위한 분자량 폴리에틸렌의 제조 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20050088472A KR20050088472A KR1020057012051A KR20057012051A KR20050088472A KR 20050088472 A KR20050088472 A KR 20050088472A KR 1020057012051 A KR1020057012051 A KR 1020057012051A KR 20057012051 A KR20057012051 A KR 20057012051A KR 20050088472 A KR20050088472 A KR 20050088472A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- silica
- aluminum
- surface area
- pore volume
- Prior art date
Links
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 308
- GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(diethyl)alumane Chemical compound CCO[Al](CC)CC GCPCLEKQVMKXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 196
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- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- CQBWEBXPMRPCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M O[Cr](O[SiH3])(=O)=O Chemical class O[Cr](O[SiH3])(=O)=O CQBWEBXPMRPCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 64
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- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-[6-[(2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-dimethylazaniumyl]hexyl]-dimethylazanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNFTYNIMQNJVJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(dipropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC[O-].CCC[Al+]CCC MNFTYNIMQNJVJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGAIERUWZADBAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CCO[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C XGAIERUWZADBAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYONORMOFAZUJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy-di(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound CC[O-].CC(C)[Al+]C(C)C UYONORMOFAZUJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VALAJCQQJWINGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)[Al](C(C)C)C(C)C VALAJCQQJWINGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/34—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
실시예번호 | 촉매 처리 | 1-헥센 | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성g PE/g촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | BBF | 밀도(g/㏄) |
955 실리카 상의 CrOx | |||||||||
1 | 없음 | 10 | 51 | 157 | 5.5 | 1,816 | 0.37 | 3.8 | 0.9415 |
2 | 5 당량 TEAL | 10 | 46 | 116 | 1.9 | 1,328 | 0.29 | 2.6 | 0.9434 |
3 | 5 당량 TEAL | 0 | 65 | 115 | 6.8 | 911 | 0.22 | 2.4/1.0 | 0.9438 |
4 | 5 당량 DEALE | 10 | 46 | 147 | 22.3 | 1,631 | 0.32 | 0.8 | 0.9573 |
5 | 5 당량 TEAL/DEALE | 10 | 54 | 146 | 7.5 | 1,680 | 0.30 | 1.2 | 0.9531 |
6 | 5 당량 TEAL/DEALE | 0 | 34 | 124 | 4.1 | 2,366 | 0.26 | 결정되지 않음 | 0.9586 |
955 실리카 상의 Ti-CrOx | |||||||||
7 | 없음 | 10 | 65 | 163 | 6.9 | 1,886 | 0.32 | 3.0 | 0.9433 |
8 | 5 당량 TEAL | 10 | 77 | 151 | 2.1 | 1,096 | 0.29 | 2.7 | 0.9455 |
9 | 5 당량 TEAL | 0 | 70 | 136 | 3.0 | 941 | 0.28 | 0.5/0.5 | 0.9531 |
실리카 지지체 | 기공 용적(㎤/g) | 표면적(㎡/g) | 평균 기공 직경(Å) | 평균 기공 크기(㎛) | Ti (%) |
그레이스 955 (957) | 1.45 | 310 | 210 | 55 | -- |
PQ MS3050 (35100) | 3.02 | 513 | 198 | 90 | -- |
이네오스 EP52 (352) | 1.15 | 490 | 90 | 70 | 2.60 |
실시예 번호 | DEALE | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | BBF | 밀도(g/㏄) |
10 | 없음 | 52 | 123 | 2.8 | 974 | 0.31 | 17.9 | 304 | 1.74 | 16.9 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 0.9372 |
11 | 반응기내 5당량 | 93 | 160 | 6.9 | 1,272 | 0.30 | 11.2 | 267 | 2.06 | 23.8 | 7.7 | 1.6 | 0.9533 |
12 | 촉매내 5당량 | 60 | 163 | 18.5 | 1,457 | 0.36 | 6.4 | 208 | 1.99 | 32.4 | 9.6 | 1.7 | 0.9562 |
실시예 번호 | DEALE | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | BBF | 밀도(g/㏄) |
13 | 없음 | 58 | 153 | 2.6 | 1,429 | 0.34 | 25.1 | 243 | 1.09 | 9.68 | 4.47 | 3.7 | 0.9392 |
14 | 반응기내 5당량 | 33 | 172 | 15.1 | 2,978 | 0.31 | 15.7 | 189 | 1.62 | 12.03 | 8.60 | 1.1 | 0.9553 |
15 | 촉매상 5당량 | 85 | 159 | 7.5 | 1,387 | 0.34 | 10.3 | 239 | 1.99 | 23.13 | 8.32 | 0.6 | 0.9574 |
실시예 번호 | DEALE | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | BBF | 밀도(g/㏄) |
16 | 없음 | 67 | 160 | 4.7 | 2,014 | 0.33 | 13.3 | 263 | 1.48 | 19.84 | 5.63 | 2.7 | 0.9425 |
17 | 반응기내 5당량 | 60 | 155 | 4.1 | 1,824 | 0.26 | 12.9 | 273 | 1.83 | 21.22 | 6.70 | 1.4 | 0.9529 |
18 | 촉매내 5당량 | 32 | 160 | 3.2 | 2,329 | 0.27 | 11.7 | 209 | 1.42 | 17.88 | 6.76 | 1.0 | 0.9548 |
실시예번호 | DEALE | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성 g PE/g촉매-1시간 | 벌크 밀도(g/㏄) | BBF | 밀도(g/㏄) |
19 | 없음 | 227 | 152 | 3.8 | 111 | 0.44 | 1.7 | 0.9545 |
20 | 반응기내 5 당량 | 67 | 158 | 49.1 | 1,157 | 0.31 | 1.5 | 0.9603 |
21 | 촉매내 5 당량 | 50 | 154 | 112.5 | 724 | 0.42 | 1.4 | 0.9592 |
실시예 번호 | DEALE | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | 밀도(g/㏄) |
22 | 없음 | 162 | 127 | 11.4 | 129 | 0.33 | 7.8 | 209 | 1.68 | 26.7 | 8.0 | 0.9505 |
23 | 반응기내 5당량 | 100 | 101 | 73.6 | 267 | 0.36 | 7.8 | 134 | 1.27 | 17.2 | 9.5 | 0.9636 |
24 | 촉매내 5당량 | 118 | 156 | 5.2 | 319 | 0.46 | 11.0 | 233 | 1.49 | 21.1 | 6.4 | 0.9516 |
25 | 촉매내 10당량 | 100 | 160 | 44.6 | 809 | 0.35 | 6.3 | 167 | 1.88 | 26.3 | 11.3 | 0.9612 |
26 | 촉매내 5당량 TIBA | 56 | 155 | 9.57* | 572 | 0.36 | 8.0 | 257 | 1.96 | 32.3 | 7.6 | 0.9531 |
27 | 촉매내 5당량 DEALE | 48 | 158 | 35.48* | 526 | 0.45 | 0.9566 | |||||
* 모든 작동에 500㏄ H2 존재함 |
실시예 번호 | 첨가 | 당량 | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | 밀도(g/㏄) |
28 | 없음 | 0.00 | 54 | 158 | 49.0 | 487 | 0.43 | 0.9579 | |||||
29 | TEAL | 2.0당량 | 65 | 157 | 31.9 | 649 | 0.44 | 9.6 | 217 | 1.68 | 22.6 | 7.8 | 0.9581 |
30 | TEAL | 5.0당량 | 115 | 156 | 33.3 | 368 | 0.37 | 7.7 | 196 | 1.56 | 25.3 | 8.0 | 0.9619 |
31 | TIBA | 2.0당량 | 50 | 151 | 18.5 | 873 | 0.44 | 8.7 | 240 | 1.89 | 27.4 | 7.9 | 0.9548 |
32 | TIBA | 5.0당량 | 66 | 162 | 24.5 | 686 | 0.37 | 8.5 | 210 | 1.69 | 24.6 | 8.0 | 0.9542 |
33 | TNHAL | 2.0당량 | 57 | 155 | 17.3 | 811 | 0.43 | 8.6 | 241 | 1.97 | 28.0 | 8.2 | 0.9545 |
34 | TNHAL | 5.0당량 | 60 | 151 | 30.5 | 619 | 0.33 | 7.6 | 174 | 1.56 | 23.0 | 8.9 | 0.9516 |
모든 작동에 500㏄ H2 존재함 |
실시예 번호 | 첨가 | 당량 | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | 밀도(g/㏄) |
35 | 없음 | 0.00 | 74 | 157 | 11.2 | 489 | 0.43 | 9.1 | 274 | 2.17 | 30.20 | 7.9 | 0.9502 |
36 | TEAL | 2.0당량 | 57 | 155 | 15.3 | 608 | 0.38 | 9.0 | 265 | 1.99 | 29.28 | 7.5 | 0.9513 |
37 | TIBA | 2.0당량 | 54 | 159 | 10.8 | 675 | 0.37 | 8.7 | 265 | 2.03 | 30.53 | 7.7 | 0.9524 |
38 | TNHAL | 2.0당량 | 63 | 155 | 6.8 | 564 | 0.38 | 9.6 | 328 | 2.13 | 34.07 | 6.5 | 0.9522 |
모든 작동에 500㏄ H2 첨가함 |
실시예 번호 | 첨가 | 당량 | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성gPE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | 밀도(g/㏄) |
39 | 없음 | 0.00 | 62 | 156 | 3.8 | 1,497 | 0.32 | 12.6 | 212 | 0.88 | 16.9 | 4.2 | 0.9466 |
40 | TIBA | 2.0당량 | 40 | 152 | 4.4 | 2,135 | 0.26 | 9.3 | 268 | 1.82 | 28.9 | 6.8 | 0.9475 |
41 | TIBA | 5.0당량 | 88 | 139 | 2.0 | 915 | 0.30 | 7.8 | 319 | 2.01 | 41.0 | 6.3 | 0.9457 |
42 | TNHAL | 2.0당량 | 43 | 159 | 3.9 | 2,474 | 0.25 | 9.0 | 247 | 1.41 | 27.6 | 5.7 | 0.9464 |
43 | TNHAL | 5.0당량 | 120 | 135 | 1.4 | 561 | 0.35 | 8.8 | 439 | 2.37 | 50.1 | 5.4 | 0.9493 |
44 | TEAL | 2.0당량 | 36 | 155 | 6.7 | 2,276 | 0.29 | 9.0 | 217 | 1.19 | 24.2 | 5.5 | 0.9471 |
45 | TEAL | 5.0당량 | 80 | 148 | 2.6 | 937 | 0.29 | 8.4 | 297 | 1.84 | 35.2 | 6.2 | 0.9472 |
모든 작동에 500㏄ H2 존재함 |
실시예 번호 | 첨가 | 당량 | H2(scc) | 시간(분) | 수율(g) | 유동지수 | 활성g PE/g 촉매-1시간 | 벌크밀도(g/㏄) | Mn(x103) | Mw(x103) | Mz(x106) | Mw/Mn | Mz/Mw | 밀도(g/㏄) |
955 실리카 상의 CrOx | ||||||||||||||
46 | 없음 | 79 | 174 | 2.4 | 1,250 | 0.32 | 26.4 | 268 | 1.33 | 10.1 | 5.0 | 0.9425 | ||
47 | TEB | 2.0당량 | 56 | 158 | 1.8 | 1,832 | 0.32 | 0.9480 | ||||||
48 | 없음 | 500 | 82 | 161 | 6.8 | 1,347 | 0.33 | 21.6 | 217 | 1.06 | 10.0 | 4.9 | 0.9407 | |
49 | TEB | 2.0당량 | 500 | 58 | 155 | 8.9 | 1,574 | 0.28 | 15.3 | 275 | 1.60 | 18.0 | 5.8 | 0.9463 |
955 실리카 상의 Ti-CrOx | ||||||||||||||
50 | 없음 | 32 | 161 | 11.9 | 2,563 | 0.20 | 10.5 | 172 | 0.88 | 16.4 | 5.1 | 0.9456 | ||
51 | TEB | 2.0당량 | 56 | 149 | 5.1 | 1,449 | 0.32 | 6.2 | 197 | 1.28 | 31.7 | 6.5 | 0.9522 | |
52 | 없음 | 없음 | 500 | 64 | 175 | 9.7 | 1,380 | 0.32 | 9.8 | 182 | 0.81 | 18.5 | 4.5 | 0.9471 |
53 | TEB | 2.0당량 | 500 | 48 | 152 | 21.3 | 1,589 | 0.33 | 6.4 | 177 | 1.41 | 27.4 | 8.0 | 0.9534 |
실시예 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 |
비교예 | 비교예 | |||||
Cr 공급원 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 산화크롬 | 산화크롬 | 산화크롬 |
Cr 부하, 중량% | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
DEALE/Cr 몰비 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
실리카 지지체 | 955 | 955 | MS3050 | 955 | 955 | MS35100 |
공급처 | 상용 | 파일롯설비 | 파일롯설비 | |||
온도, ℃ | 96.5 | 88.0 | 92.1 | 103.9 | 99.9 | 104.9 |
총 압력, kPa | 2501 | 2492 | 2501 | 2494 | 2493 | 2490 |
에틸렌 압력, kPa | 1524 | 1510 | 1517 | 1510 | 1510 | 1517 |
H2/C2 몰비 | 0.0097 | 0.0103 | 0.0106 | 0.0103 | 0.0204 | 0.0106 |
헥센/C2 몰비 | 0.0049 | 0.0100 | 0.0079 | 0.0050 | 0.0065 | 0.0031 |
산소 첨가, ppmv | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 0.10 | 0.251 |
표면 기체 속도, m/초 | 0.530 | 0.530 | 0.530 | 0.589 | 0.607 | 0.527 |
층 중량, ㎏ | 83.9 | 83.9 | 71.7 | 79.4 | 79.4 | 69.9 |
층 높이, m | 2.18 | 2.02 | 2.60 | 2.08 | 2.09 | 3.48 |
생산 속도, ㎏/시간 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 14.1 | 12.7 | 15.0 |
평균 체류 시간, 시간 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 4.6 |
공간-시간 수율, ㎏/시간/㎥ | 83 | 91 | 50 | 75 | 70 | 50 |
촉매 생산성, ㎏/㎏ | 4965 | 4035 | 7217 | 6554 | 5748 | 6375 |
유동화 벌크밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 325 | 351 | 232 | 322 | 320 | 170 |
침강 벌크밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 487 | 527 | 352 | 492 | 508 | 311 |
수지 APS, ㎜ | 0.716 | 0.734 | 1.11 | 0.777 | 0.777 | 0.919 |
용융 지수 (I2), dg/분 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
유동 지수 (I5), dg/분 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.44 |
유동 지수 (I21), dg/분 | 10.5 | 12.8 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 4.16 |
MFR (I21/I5) | 21.2 | 27.2 | 22.5 | 20.6 | 24.7 | 9.4 |
MFR (I21/I2) | 107 | 155 | 131 | 99 | 138 | 90.9 |
밀도, g/㎤ | 0.9472 | 0.9481 | 0.9482 | 0.9479 | 0.9483 | 0.9485 |
Mn | 10214 | - | 8374 | 10283 | 11140 | 14958 |
Mw | 256077 | - | 291804 | 187522 | 206907 | 304972 |
Mz | 1734620 | - | 2100445 | 1213861 | 1302183 | 1779473 |
Mz+1 | 3284606 | - | 3626163 | 2681581 | 2673316 | 3271683 |
Mv | 175935 | - | 190696 | 134078 | 146591 | 216325 |
PDI (Mw/Mn) | 25.07 | - | 34.85 | 18.24 | 18.57 | 20.39 |
PDI (Mz/Mw) | 6.77 | - | 7.20 | 6.47 | 6.29 | 5.83 |
CHMS (%>500K) | 11.76 | - | 13.29 | 8.62 | 9.93 | 14.28 |
CLMS (%<1K) | 1.76 | - | 2.24 | 1.95 | 1.44 | 0.98 |
실시예 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 |
비교예 | |||||
Cr 공급원 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 |
Cr 부하, 중량% | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
DEALE/Cr 몰비 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
실리카 지지체 | 955 | 955 | 955 | 955 | 955 |
공급처 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 |
반응기에 첨가된 TEAL, TEAL/Cr 몰비 | 없음 | 0.91 | 2.22 | 3.22 | 4.85 |
온도, ℃ | 98.0 | 102.5 | 102.5 | 102.5 | 100.5 |
총 압력, kPa | 2491 | 2492 | 2490 | 2492 | 2491 |
에틸렌 압력, kPa | 1510 | 1510 | 1510 | 1510 | 1510 |
H2/C2 몰비 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.099 |
헥센/C2 몰비 | 0.00433 | 0.00353 | 0.00330 | 0.00331 | 0.00360 |
산소 첨가, ppmv | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 |
표면 기체 속도, m/초 | 0.555 | 0.561 | 0.555 | 0.564 | 0.564 |
층 중량, ㎏ | 88.9 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.1 |
층 높이, m | 3.04 | 2.94 | 3.05 | 3.12 | 3.21 |
생산 속도, ㎏/시간 | 19.1 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 16.6 | 17.2 |
평균 체류 시간, 시간 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.1 |
공간-시간 수율, ㎏/시간/㎥ | 70 | 69 | 64 | 59 | 61 |
촉매 생산성, ㎏/㎏ | 5041 | 6666 | 6452 | 6150 | 5308 |
유동화 벌크 밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 328 | 333 | 320 | 315 | 304 |
침강 벌크 밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 483 | 485 | 466 | 464 | 447 |
수지 APS, ㎜ | 0.752 | 0.790 | 0.780 | 0.765 | 0.681 |
수지 미분<120메쉬, 중량% | 1.31 | 1.28 | 0.39 | 0.65 | 0.82 |
용융 지수 (I2), dg/분 | 0.096 | 0.098 | 0.098 | 0.090 | 0.087 |
유동 지수 (I5), dg/분 | 0.470 | 0.474 | 0.472 | 0.459 | 0.450 |
유동 지수 (I21), dg/분 | 9.79 | 9.75 | 9.91 | 9.81 | 10.2 |
MFR (I21/I5) | 20.7 | 20.5 | 21.1 | 21.3 | 22.7 |
MFR (I21/I2) | 102 | 100 | 101 | 108 | 116 |
밀도, g/㎤ | 0.9480 | 0.9481 | 0.9474 | 0.9474 | 0.9472 |
중합체내 Cr, ppmw | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.53 |
Mn | 12460 | 13519 | 11758 | 9685 | 11647 |
Mw | 279637 | 265684 | 276778 | 263471 | 253762 |
Mz | 1875317 | 1598806 | 1826871 | 1722578 | 1731498 |
Mz+1 | 3543254 | 3109360 | 3432220 | 3224517 | 3436515 |
Mv | 193220 | 188165 | 190700 | 182352 | 174394 |
PDI (Mw/Mn) | 22.4 | 19.65 | 23.54 | 27.2 | 21.79 |
PDI (Mz/Mw) | 6.71 | 6.02 | 6.60 | 6.54 | 6.82 |
CHMS (%>500K) | 12.63 | 12.82 | 13.01 | 12.24 | 11.98 |
CLMS (%<1K) | 1.31 | 1.12 | 1.34 | 2.48 | 1.27 |
실시예 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 |
비교예 | 비교예 | |||
Cr 공급원 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 |
Cr 부하, 중량% | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
DEALE/Cr 몰비 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
실리카 지지체 | 955 | 955 | 955 | 955 |
공급처 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 |
반응기에 첨가된 TEAL, TEAL/Cr 몰비 | 없음 | 0.91 | 없음 | 1.07 |
온도, ℃ | 98.0 | 102.5 | 92.7 | 99.0 |
총 압력, kPa | 2491 | 2492 | 2489 | 2488 |
에틸렌 압력, kPa | 1510 | 1510 | 1441 | 1510 |
H2/C2 몰비 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.0544 | 0.0101 |
헥센/C2 몰비 | 0.00433 | 0.00353 | 0.0065 | 0.0036 |
산소 첨가, ppmv | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 |
표면 기체 속도, m/초 | 0.555 | 0.561 | 0.552 | 0.567 |
층 중량, ㎏ | 88.9 | 87.5 | 90.3 | 89.4 |
층 높이, m | 3.04 | 2.94 | 2.97 | 2.92 |
생산 속도, ㎏/시간 | 19.1 | 18.0 | 34.0 | 33.7 |
평균 체류 시간, 시간 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
공간-시간 수율, ㎏/시간/㎥ | 70 | 69 | 128 | 130 |
촉매 생산성, ㎏/㎏ | 5041 | 6666 | 2786 | 3618 |
유동화 벌크 밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 328 | 333 | 343 | 346 |
침강 벌크 밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 483 | 485 | 523 | 511 |
수지 APS, ㎜ | 0.752 | 0.790 | 0.655 | 0.752 |
수지 미분<120메쉬, 중량% | 1.31 | 1.28 | 1.33 | 0.90 |
용융 지수 (I2), dg/분 | 0.096 | 0.098 | 0.083 | 0.081 |
유동 지수 (I5), dg/분 | 0.470 | 0.474 | 0.438 | 0.441 |
유동 지수 (I21), dg/분 | 9.79 | 9.75 | 10.4 | 10.1 |
MFR (I21/I5) | 20.7 | 20.5 | 23.5 | 23.0 |
MFR (I21/I2) | 102 | 100 | 125 | 126 |
밀도, g/㎤ | 0.9480 | 0.9481 | 0.9471 | 0.948 |
중합체내 Cr, ppmw | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.80 | 0.59 |
Mn | 12460 | 13519 | 8229 | 10657 |
Mw | 279637 | 265684 | 271033 | 230657 |
Mz | 1875317 | 1598806 | 1888749 | 1607038 |
Mz+1 | 3543254 | 3109360 | 3520335 | 3596324 |
Mv | 193220 | 188165 | 183560 | 160356 |
PDI (Mw/Mn) | 22.4 | 19.65 | 32.94 | 21.64 |
PDI (Mz/Mw) | 6.71 | 6.02 | 6.97 | 6.97 |
CHMS (%>500K) | 12.63 | 12.82 | 12.45 | 10.95 |
CLMS (%<1K) | 1.31 | 1.12 | 2.68 | 1.57 |
실시예 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 |
비교예 | |||||
Cr 공급원 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 실릴크로메이트 | 산화크롬 |
Cr 부하, 중량% | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.50 |
DEALE/Cr 촉매 몰비 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 5 | 0 |
실리카 지지체 | 955 | 955 | 955 | 955 | 955 |
공급처 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 | 상용 |
반응기에 첨가된 TEAL, TEAL/Cr 몰비 | 2.47 | 없음 | 0.83 | 1.60 | 4.7Al/Cr로 DEALE |
온도, ℃ | 102.0 | 96.7 | 100.0 | 102.0 | 104.5 |
총 압력, kPa | 2491 | 2488 | 2488 | 2489 | 2491 |
에틸렌 압력, kPa | 1510 | 1503 | 1510 | 1510 | 1517 |
H2/C2 몰비 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.0101 | 0.010 | 0.0098 |
헥센/C2 몰비 | 0.0037 | 0.0042 | 0.0036 | 0.0037 | 0.0034 |
산소 첨가, ppmv | 없음 | 없음 | 없음 | 0.120 | 없음 |
표면 기체 속도, m/초 | 0.570 | 0.564 | 0.573 | 0.570 | 0.564 |
층 중량, ㎏ | 88.5 | 90.3 | 88.9 | 87.5 | 84.8 |
층 높이, m | 3.22 | 3.00 | 2.92 | 3.42 | 2.84 |
생산 속도, ㎏/시간 | 19.3 | 32.8 | 34.7 | 18.9 | 14.9 |
평균 체류 시간, 시간 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 5.7 |
공간-시간 수율, ㎏/시간/㎥ | 67 | 123 | 133 | 62 | 59 |
촉매 생산성, ㎏/㎏ | 6640 | 2564 | 3871 | 4926 | 17500 |
유동화 벌크 밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 309 | 338 | 343 | 288 | 335 |
침강 벌크 밀도, ㎏/㎥ | 476 | 508 | 498 | 461 | 418 |
수지 APS, ㎜ | 0.770 | 0.617 | 0.757 | 0.665 | 1.22 |
수지 미분<120메쉬, 중량% | 0.73 | 1.62 | 0.64 | 1.14 | 0.56 |
용융 지수 (I2), dg/분 | 0.082 | 0.085 | 0.088 | 0.101 | 0.067 |
유동 지수 (I5), dg/분 | 0.429 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.503 | 0.39 |
유동 지수 (I21), dg/분 | 8.83 | 9.60 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 9.60 |
MFR (I21/I5) | 20.6 | 22.0 | 22.4 | 21.0 | 24.8 |
MFR (I21/I2) | 104 | 110 | 115 | 103 | 143.1 |
밀도, g/㎤ | 0.9469 | 0.9478 | 0.9473 | 0.9481 | 0.9463 |
중합체내 Cr, ppmw | - | - | - | - | - |
Mn | 11571 | 11696 | 14938 | 9281 | 24787 |
Mw | 254022 | 256144 | 232504 | 218079 | 235551 |
Mz | 1560945 | 1450341 | 1326253 | 1364031 | 1350517 |
Mz+1 | 2925600 | 2717358 | 2562773 | 2544778 | 3047628 |
Mv | 178701 | 182668 | 167657 | 152554 | 175124 |
PDI (Mw/Mn) | 21.95 | 21.9 | 15.56 | 23.5 | 9.5 |
PDI (Mz/Mw) | 6.14 | 5.66 | 5.70 | 6.25 | 5.73 |
CHMS (%>500K) | 12.14 | 12.74 | 11.25 | 10.47 | 10.9 |
CLMS (%<1K) | 1.63 | 1.43 | 0.75 | 2.25 | 0.08 |
Claims (56)
- 산화크롬;(a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는 실리카-함유 지지체; 및유기알루미늄 화합물을 포함하며, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 활성화되는 지지된 크롬 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물이 동일계내 (in situ) 첨가되는 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물이 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물인 촉매.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물이 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드인 촉매.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물의 동일계내 첨가에 의해 형성되는 촉매.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물이 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드인 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 지지된 크롬 촉매가 약 600 내지 약 860 ℃에서 활성화된 것인 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 티타늄 테트라이소프로폭시드를 더 포함하는 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물이 알킬 알루미늄 화합물인 촉매.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 화합물이 트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 및 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 촉매.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 화합물의 동일계내 첨가에 의해 형성되는 촉매.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 화합물이 트리에틸 알루미늄인 촉매.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 실리카가 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 가지며, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물이 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물인 촉매.
- 실릴크로메이트;(a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 탈수된 실리카-함유 지지체; 및유기알루미늄 화합물을 포함하며, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물을 동일계내 첨가하는 방법에 의해 형성되는 지지된 크롬 촉매 시스템.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물이 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물인 촉매.
- 제15항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드 화합물이 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드인 촉매.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물이 알킬 알루미늄 화합물인 촉매.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 화합물이 트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 및 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 촉매.
- 실릴크로메이트;약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 탈수된 실리카-함유 지지체; 및유기알루미늄 화합물을 포함하는 지지된 크롬 촉매 시스템.
- 실릴크로메이트;(a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 탈수된 실리카-함유 지지체; 및트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 및 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 유기알루미늄 화합물을 포함하며, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물을 촉매내에 첨가하는 방법에 의해 형성되는 지지된 크롬 촉매 시스템.
- 실릴크로메이트;(a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 탈수된 실리카-함유 지지체; 및트리에틸 붕소를 포함하며, 상기 트리에틸 붕소를 동일계내 첨가하는 방법에 의해 형성되는 지지된 크롬 촉매 시스템.
- 에틸렌을 중합 조건하에서, 산화크롬, 알킬 알루미늄 및 (a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는 실리카-함유 지지체를 포함하는 촉매 시스템과 접촉시키는 단계; 및알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드를 약 0.1:1 내지 약 10:1의 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 최종비를 나타내는 양으로 첨가하여 촉매 활성, 생성되는 에틸렌 중합체의 중합체 측쇄 분지화, 중합체 Mz/Mw, 중합체 Mw/Mn, 중합체 밀도 및 중합체 분자량 중 하나 이상을 조절하는 단계를 포함하는, 에틸렌 중합체의 제조 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄이 트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 또는 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄인 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드가 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드인 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 시스템이 티타늄 테트라이소프로폭시드를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 상기 중합이 기상 중합인 방법.
- 제24항에 있어서, 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드의 상기 첨가가 동일계내 첨가를 포함하는 방법.
- 제24항에 있어서, 상기 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드의 첨가가 촉매 제조 동안 촉매에 직접 첨가하는 것을 포함하는 방법.
- 제22항에 있어서, 중합체 Mw/Mn이 16 이상이고 중합체 Mz/Mw가 6 이상인 방법.
- 에틸렌을 중합 조건하에서, 실릴크로메이트; 및 (a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하며, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 탈수된 실리카-함유 지지체를 포함하는 촉매 시스템과 접촉시키는 단계; 및유기알루미늄 화합물을 약 0.1:1 내지 약 10:1의 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 최종비를 나타내는 양으로 첨가하여 촉매 생산성, 반응 유도 시간 및 생성되는 에틸렌 중합체의 중합체 분자량을 조절하는 단계를 포함하는, 에틸렌 중합체의 제조 방법.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물의 첨가가 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드를 첨가하는 것을 포함하는 방법.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드의 첨가가 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드를 동일계내 첨가하는 것을 포함하는 방법.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드의 첨가가 촉매 제조 동안 촉매에 직접 첨가하는 것을 포함하는 방법.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 중합이 기상 중합인 방법.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 실릴크로메이트가 약 0.15 내지 약 1.0 중량%의 크롬 부하량으로 상기 실리카-함유 지지체 상에 부하되는 것인 방법.
- 제30항에 있어서, 상기 유기알루미늄 화합물의 첨가가 알킬 알루미늄 화합물을 첨가하는 것을 포함하는 방법.
- 제36항에 있어서, 상기 알킬 알루미늄 화합물이 트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 및 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 방법.
- 에틸렌을 중합 조건하에서, 실릴크로메이트; 및 (a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하며, 약 400 내지 약 860 ℃에서 탈수된 실리카-함유 지지체를 포함하는 촉매 시스템과 접촉시키는 단계; 및조촉매를 약 0.1:1 내지 약 10:1의 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 최종비를 나타내는 양으로 첨가하여 촉매 활성, 반응 유도 시간 및 생성되는 에틸렌 중합체의 중합체 분자량을 조절하는 단계를 포함하는, 에틸렌 중합체의 제조 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 상기 접촉 단계가 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드와 접촉시키는 것을 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 조촉매가 트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 및 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 비가 약 1:1 내지 약 3:1인 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 상기 중합이 기상 중합인 방법.
- 제38항에 있어서, 상기 촉매를 상기 조촉매의 첨가 전에 알킬 알루미늄 또는 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드로 촉매내 처리하는 방법.
- 제43항에 있어서, 알킬 알루미늄 알콕시드가 디에틸 알루미늄 에톡시드이고, 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 비가 약 1:1 내지 약 10:1인 방법.
- 에틸렌을 중합 조건하에서, 산화크롬; 및 (a) 약 1.1 내지 약 1.8 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 245 내지 약 375 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카, (b) 약 2.4 내지 약 3.7 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 410 내지 약 620 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카 및 (c) 약 0.9 내지 약 1.4 ㎤/g의 기공 용적 및 약 390 내지 약 590 ㎡/g의 표면적을 갖는 실리카로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 실리카를 포함하는 실리카-함유 지지체를 포함하는 촉매 시스템과 접촉시키는 단계; 및조촉매를 약 0.1:1 내지 약 10:1의 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 최종비를 나타내는 양으로 첨가하여 촉매 활성, 생성되는 에틸렌 중합체의 중합체 Mw/Mn 및 중합체 분자량을 조절하는 단계를 포함하는, 에틸렌 중합체의 제조 방법.
- 제45항에 있어서, 조촉매가 트리에틸 알루미늄, 트리-이소부틸 알루미늄 및 트리-n-헥실 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 방법.
- 제45항에 있어서, 알루미늄 당량 대 크롬 당량의 비가 약 1:1 내지 약 3:1인 방법.
- 제45항에 있어서, 상기 중합이 기상 중합인 방법.
- 에틸렌을 중합 조건하에서 크롬 촉매 시스템과 접촉시키고; 8을 초과하는 공간-시간 수율 값에서 중합을 수행하고; 트리에틸 알루미늄의 부재하에 동일한 크롬 촉매 시스템으로 중합시키고 동일한 공간-시간 수율 값, 에틸렌 부분압, H2/C2 기체 몰비 및 공단량체 대 C2 기체 몰비를 이용하여 동일한 중합체 분자량 및 밀도로 에틸렌 중합체를 생산할 때의 반응 온도보다 2.5 ℃ 이상 더 높은 반응 온도와 3000 ㎏ 중합체/㎏ 촉매를 초과하는 촉매 생산성으로 중합을 작동시키는 것을 포함하는, 반응기내에서 에틸렌 중합체를 제조하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 반응기가 축합 방식으로 작동되는 것인 방법.
- 제49항 또는 제50항에 있어서, 촉매 생산성 및 반응 온도 요건이 충족된 후에 산소를 첨가하여 에틸렌 중합체의 분자량 또는 분자량 분포를 변화시키는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 크롬 촉매 시스템이 실릴크로메이트 촉매 시스템 또는 산화크롬 촉매 시스템을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제52항에 있어서, 크롬 촉매 시스템이 실릴크로메이트 촉매 시스템인 방법.
- 제52항에 있어서, 크롬 촉매 시스템이 산화크롬 촉매 시스템인 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 알루미늄 알킬이 디에틸알루미늄 에톡시드인 방법.
- 제49항 또는 제50항에 있어서, 8을 초과하는 공간-시간 수율 값에서의 중합을 크롬 촉매 시스템과 별개로 반응기에 첨가된 알루미늄 알킬의 존재하에 수행하는 방법.
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KR101503934B1 (ko) * | 2006-05-19 | 2015-03-18 | 엑손모빌 케미칼 패턴츠 인코포레이티드 | 폴리에틸렌 공중합체의 제조 방법 |
KR20190069494A (ko) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-06-19 | 엑손모빌 케미칼 패턴츠 인코포레이티드 | 크롬 함유 촉매를 이용한 중합 방법 |
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