KR100553226B1 - 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법 및 적층형 압전 부품 - Google Patents
적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법 및 적층형 압전 부품 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100553226B1 KR100553226B1 KR20030046811A KR20030046811A KR100553226B1 KR 100553226 B1 KR100553226 B1 KR 100553226B1 KR 20030046811 A KR20030046811 A KR 20030046811A KR 20030046811 A KR20030046811 A KR 20030046811A KR 100553226 B1 KR100553226 B1 KR 100553226B1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 46
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020634 Co Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
A사이트 성분(mol%) | B사이트 | ||||||||||||
성분(mol%) | 평균가수 | ||||||||||||
Pb | Ti | Zr | Nb | Ni | Sb | Ta | W | Cr | Co | Mg | |||
실 시 예 | 1 | 99.5 | 45.5 | 54.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 |
2 | 98.0 | 45.5 | 54.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
3 | 95.0 | 44.5 | 55.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
4 | 99.5 | 45.0 | 54.0 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.010 | |
5 | 98.0 | 45.0 | 54.0 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.010 | |
6 | 96.5 | 44.5 | 54.5 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.010 | |
7 | 95.0 | 44.0 | 55.0 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.010 | |
8 | 99.5 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 17.0 | 8.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
9 | 98.0 | 38.5 | 36.0 | 17.0 | 8.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
10 | 95.0 | 38.0 | 36.5 | 17.0 | 8.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
11 | 99.5 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 17.3 | 8.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.009 | |
12 | 98.0 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 17.3 | 8.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.009 | |
13 | 96.5 | 38.5 | 36.0 | 17.2 | 8.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.006 | |
14 | 95.0 | 38.0 | 36.5 | 17.2 | 8.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.006 | |
15 | 98.5 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | - | - | 2.2 | - | - | 4.031 | |
16 | 98.5 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 4.031 | |
17 | 99.0 | 37.0 | 23.0 | 28.0 | 12.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.040 | |
18 | 99.5 | 34.0 | 16.0 | 35.0 | 15.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.050 | |
비 교 예 | 1 | 100.0 | 45.5 | 54.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 |
2 | 92.0 | 44.5 | 55.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
3 | 100.0 | 45.0 | 54.0 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.010 | |
4 | 92.0 | 44.0 | 55.0 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.010 | |
5 | 100.0 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 17.0 | 8.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
6 | 92.0 | 38.0 | 36.5 | 17.0 | 8.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.000 | |
7 | 100.0 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 17.3 | 8.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.009 | |
8 | 92.0 | 38.0 | 36.5 | 17.2 | 8.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.006 | |
9 | 100.0 | 34.0 | 16.0 | 36.7 | 13.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.101 |
소성 온도 (℃) | 산소 농도 (vol%) | Ag/Pd (중량비) | 세라믹 시트 두께 (㎛) | 단위 세라믹층의 층두께 (㎛) | Ag 확산량 (wt%) | |d31| (pC/N) | 저항율 logρ (Ω·cm) | ||
실 시 예 | 1 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.15 | 138 | 11.0 |
2 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.22 | 145 | 11.0 | |
3 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.27 | 155 | 11.2 | |
4 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.20 | 168 | 11.6 | |
5 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.30 | 176 | 11.9 | |
6 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.35 | 174 | 11.8 | |
7 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.38 | 157 | 11.6 | |
8 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.13 | 179 | 11.2 | |
9 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.20 | 189 | 11.4 | |
10 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.24 | 173 | 11.3 | |
11 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.19 | 211 | 11.6 | |
12 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.22 | 223 | 11.7 | |
13 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.28 | 215 | 11.7 | |
14 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.33 | 192 | 11.6 | |
15 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.24 | 214 | 11.6 | |
16 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.23 | 205 | 11.5 | |
17 | 1040 | 0.2 | 80/20 | 40 | 25 | 0.34 | 242 | 11.4 | |
18 | 1040 | 0.2 | 80/20 | 40 | 25 | 0.37 | 254 | 11.0 | |
비 교 예 | 1 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.11 | 96 | 10.2 |
2 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.35 | 78 | 10.5 | |
3 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.15 | 115 | 10.9 | |
4 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 40 | 25 | 0.41 | 108 | 10.8 | |
5 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.09 | 102 | 10.7 | |
6 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.31 | 114 | 11.0 | |
7 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.12 | 132 | 10.9 | |
8 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.39 | 120 | 11.3 | |
9 | 1040 | 0.2 | 80/20 | 40 | 변형때문에 평가 불능 |
소성 온도 (℃) | 산소 농도 (vol%) | Ag/Pd (중량비) | 세라믹 시트 두께 (㎛) | 단위 세라믹층의 층두께 (㎛) | Ag 확산량 (wt%) | |d31| (pC/N) | 저항율 logρ (Ω·cm) | 입자 직경 (㎛) | ||
실 시 예 | 21 | 980 | 0.01 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.12 | 216 | 11.6 | 1.8 |
22 | 980 | 0.05 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.13 | 218 | 11.6 | 1.9 | |
23 | 980 | 0.5 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.25 | 221 | 11.7 | 2.3 | |
24 | 980 | 0.9 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.28 | 223 | 11.6 | 2.7 | |
25 | 980 | 5.0 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.35 | 209 | 11.4 | 3.4 | |
비 교 예 | 21 | 980 | 10.0 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.44 | 192 | 10.9 | 4.8 |
22 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.53 | 188 | 10.6 | 6.3 | |
23 | 980 | 0.05 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.09 | 90 | 10.6 | 1.5 | |
24 | 980 | 0.5 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.18 | 104 | 10.8 | 1.7 | |
25 | 980 | 0.9 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.23 | 104 | 10.8 | 2.2 | |
26 | 980 | 5.0 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.25 | 115 | 11.0 | 2.8 | |
27 | 980 | 10.0 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.36 | 132 | 10.9 | 4.3 | |
28 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 40 | 25 | 0.44 | 151 | 10.8 | 5.2 |
소성 온도 (℃) | 산소 농도 (vol%) | Ag/Pd (중량비) | 세라믹 시트 두께 (㎛) | 단위 세라믹층의 층두께 (㎛) | Ag 확산량 (wt%) | |d31| (pC/N) | 저항율 logρ (Ω·cm) | 입자 직경 (㎛) | ||
실 시 예 | 31 | 950 | 0.2 | 95/5 | 32 | 20 | 0.31 | 217 | 11.5 | 1.8 |
32 | 980 | 0.2 | 90/10 | 32 | 20 | 0.23 | 225 | 11.7 | 2.4 | |
33 | 1020 | 0.2 | 85/15 | 32 | 20 | 0.21 | 229 | 11.6 | 2.9 | |
34 | 1040 | 0.2 | 80/20 | 32 | 20 | 0.19 | 232 | 11.7 | 3.3 | |
35 | 1080 | 0.2 | 70/30 | 32 | 20 | 0.12 | 240 | 11.7 | 3.6 | |
비 교 예 | 31 | 950 | 21.0 | 95/5 | 32 | 20 | 0.54 | 102 | 9.7 | 6.5 |
32 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 32 | 20 | 0.45 | 134 | 10.3 | 5.8 | |
33 | 1020 | 21.0 | 85/15 | 32 | 20 | 0.35 | 149 | 10.8 | 5.6 | |
34 | 1040 | 21.0 | 80/20 | 32 | 20 | 0.32 | 190 | 11.2 | 4.8 | |
35 | 1080 | 21.0 | 70/30 | 32 | 20 | 0.27 | 223 | 11.6 | 3.9 |
소성 온도 (℃) | 산소 농도 (vol%) | Ag/Pd (중량비) | 세라믹 시트 두께 (㎛) | 단위 세라믹층의 층두께 (㎛) | Ag 확산량 (wt%) | |d31| (pC/N) | 저항율 logρ (Ω·cm) | 입자 직경 (㎛) | ||
실 시 예 | 41 | 980 | 0.1 | 90/10 | 130 | 80 | 0.15 | 230 | 11.8 | 1.8 |
42 | 980 | 0.1 | 90/10 | 64 | 40 | 0.18 | 231 | 11.8 | 2.2 | |
43 | 980 | 0.1 | 90/10 | 32 | 20 | 0.20 | 222 | 11.7 | 2.4 | |
44 | 980 | 0.1 | 90/10 | 18 | 12 | 0.31 | 209 | 11.5 | 2.9 | |
비 교 예 | 41 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 130 | 80 | 0.29 | 198 | 11.3 | 4.3 |
42 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 64 | 40 | 0.31 | 153 | 10.8 | 4.9 | |
43 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 32 | 20 | 0.44 | 134 | 10.3 | 5.8 | |
44 | 980 | 21.0 | 90/10 | 18 | 12 | 0.55 | 103 | 9.9 | 6.8 |
Claims (13)
- 복수의 압전 세라믹층과 상기 압전 세라믹층을 개재하여 배치된 내부 전극층을 구비하고, 상기 압전 세라믹층을 구성하는 압전 세라믹을 일반식 ABO3로 표현되는 페로브스카이트(perovskite)형 복합 산화물로 형성함과 동시에, A사이트 성분으로서 적어도 Pb를 함유하고, B사이트 성분으로서 적어도 Ti를 함유한 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법으로서,상기 A사이트 성분의 함유 몰량을 화학양론 조성보다도 0.5mol%∼5.0mol% 감소시킨 압전 세라믹 분말 원료를 생성하는 분말 원료 생성 공정과,상기 압전 세라믹 분말 원료를 이용하여 적층 성형체를 제작하는 적층 성형체 제작 공정과,산소 농도가 체적%로 5% 이하(단, 0%를 포함하지 않음)의 분위기 중에서 상기 적층 성형체에 소성 처리를 실시하고, 상기 압전 세라믹층과 상기 내부 전극층을 공소결(共燒結)시키는 소성 공정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분말 원료 생성 공정은, 상기 B사이트 성분의 평균 가수가 화학양론 조성보다도 커지도록 상기 A사이트 성분을 구성하는 세라믹 베이스 원료와 B사이트 성분을 구성하는 세라믹 베이스 원료를 배합하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분말 원료 생성 공정은 상기 A사이트 성분에 함유된 Pb의 함유 몰량을 화학양론 조성에 대하여 0.5∼5.0mol% 감소시킨 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 B사이트 성분은 부가적으로 Nb를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 B사이트 성분은 부가적으로 Nb 및 Ni를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 B사이트 성분은 부가적으로 Nb, Sb, Ta, W 중에서 선택된 적어도 1종 이상의 성분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 B사이트 성분은 부가적으로 Ni, Cr, Co, Mg 중에서 선택된 적어도 1종 이상의 성분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 적층 성형체 제작 공정은 상기 압전 세라믹 분말 원료를 시트 형상으로 성형하여 세라믹 그린시트를 제작하는 세라믹 그린시트 제작 공정과, 내부 전극용 도전성 페이스트를 사용하여 상기 세라믹 그린시트 상에 전극 패턴을 형성하는 공정과, 상기 전극 패턴을 형성한 세라믹 그린시트를 적층하여 적층 성형체를 형성하는 공정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 페이스트는 Ag를 주성분으로서 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 제조방법에 의해 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 내부 전극층은 Ag를 주성분으로서 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품의 제조방법.
- 제12항에 기재된 제조방법에 의해 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 적층형 압전 부품.
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WO2002041665A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-23 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Cofired multilayered piezoelectric ceramic materials with base metal electrodes |
JP2002193666A (ja) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-10 | Nec Tokin Ceramics Corp | 圧電磁器組成物 |
DE10101188A1 (de) | 2001-01-12 | 2002-08-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Piezoelektrisches keramisches Material, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und elektrokeramisches Mehrlagenbauteil |
US6878307B2 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2005-04-12 | Dongil Technology Co., Ltd. | Low temperature firable PZT compositions and piezoelectric ceramic devices using the same |
-
2003
- 2003-01-09 JP JP2003002988A patent/JP3678234B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-10 KR KR20030046811A patent/KR100553226B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-07-16 TW TW92119399A patent/TWI226714B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-22 DE DE2003611613 patent/DE60311613T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-22 EP EP20030016741 patent/EP1387417B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-22 AT AT03016741T patent/ATE353477T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-23 US US10/624,537 patent/US7431785B2/en active Active
- 2003-07-25 CN CNB031331882A patent/CN100382352C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE353477T1 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
EP1387417B1 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
EP1387417A3 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
JP3678234B2 (ja) | 2005-08-03 |
CN1474467A (zh) | 2004-02-11 |
DE60311613D1 (de) | 2007-03-22 |
JP2004111895A (ja) | 2004-04-08 |
KR20040010144A (ko) | 2004-01-31 |
US20040129919A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
US7431785B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
TWI226714B (en) | 2005-01-11 |
EP1387417A2 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
DE60311613T2 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
TW200409390A (en) | 2004-06-01 |
CN100382352C (zh) | 2008-04-16 |
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