JPWO2016052635A1 - 結晶シリコン系太陽電池の製造方法、及び太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 - Google Patents
結晶シリコン系太陽電池の製造方法、及び太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 67
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 47
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H01L31/02—Details
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- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
- H01L31/02363—Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
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- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0745—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells
- H01L31/0747—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer
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Abstract
Description
膜厚は、断面の透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)観察により求めた。なお、TEM観察によって、真性シリコン系層と導電型シリコン系層との界面を識別することは困難である。そのため、これらの層の膜厚は、TEM観察から求められた各層の合計厚みと製膜時間の比から算出した。また、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板表面に形成された層については、テクスチャの斜面と垂直な方向を膜厚方向とした。太陽電池の光電変換特性は、ソーラーシミュレータを用いて評価した。
参考例1では、以下の方法により、図1に模式的に示す結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
参考例1と同一の方法により、n型単結晶シリコン基板の表面にテクスチャを形成した後、オゾン処理及びフッ酸処理を行った。
参考例1と同様に、異方性エッチングにより基板表面にテクスチャを形成した。50重量%のHF水溶液と60重量%の硝酸水溶液とを体積比で1:20の割合で混合した水溶液を準備し、テクスチャ形成後の基板を、25℃に保持された上記混合水溶液に30秒間浸漬した。その後、参考例1と同様に、オゾン処理及びフッ酸処理を行った。シリコン基板のテクスチャの大きさは3μm、テクスチャの凹部の曲率半径rは200nmであった。シリコン基板の走査型電子顕微鏡像を図4に示す。このシリコン基板を用いて、参考例1と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
実施例1と同一の条件で水素プラズマ処理を行った以外は、参考例2と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
異方性エッチングの条件を変更して、参考例1よりも大きいテクスチャを基板表面に形成した。テクスチャ形成後の基板に対して、参考例1と同様に、オゾン処理及びフッ酸処理を行った。処理後のシリコン基板のテクスチャの大きさは5μmであり、テクスチャの凹部の曲率半径rは2nmであった。このシリコン基板を用いて、参考例1と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
参考例3と同様にして、異方性エッチングにより基板表面にテクスチャを形成した。テクスチャ形成後の基板に対して、参考例2と同様に、フッ酸/硝酸水溶液での処理を行った後、オゾン処理及びフッ酸処理を行った。処理後のシリコン基板のテクスチャの大きさは5μmであり、テクスチャの凹部の曲率半径rは200nmであった。このシリコン基板を用いて、参考例1と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
異方性エッチングの条件を変更して、参考例3よりも大きいテクスチャを基板表面に形成した。テクスチャ形成後の基板に対して、参考例1と同様に、オゾン処理及びフッ酸処理を行った。処理後のシリコン基板のテクスチャの大きさは10μmであり、テクスチャの凹部の曲率半径rは2nmであった。このシリコン基板を用いて、参考例1と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
実施例1と同一の条件で水素プラズマ処理を行った以外は、参考例5と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
参考例5と同様にして、異方性エッチングにより基板表面にテクスチャを形成した。テクスチャ形成後の基板に対して、参考例2と同様に、フッ酸/硝酸水溶液での処理を行った後、オゾン処理及びフッ酸処理を行った。処理後のシリコン基板のテクスチャの大きさは10μmであり、テクスチャの凹部の曲率半径rは200nmであった。このシリコン基板を用いて、参考例1と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
実施例1と同一の条件で水素プラズマ処理を行った以外は、参考例6と同様に結晶シリコン系太陽電池を作製した。
2,4 真性シリコン系層
3 p型シリコン系層
5 n型シリコン系層
6,8 透明導電層
7,9 集電極
Claims (3)
- 単結晶シリコン基板の一主面に、真性シリコン系層、導電型シリコン系層及び透明導電層をこの順に有する結晶シリコン系太陽電池を製造する方法であって、
前記単結晶シリコン基板の表面にテクスチャを形成する工程と、
オゾンを用いて、前記単結晶シリコン基板の表面を清浄化する工程と、
前記単結晶シリコン基板の前記テクスチャ上に前記真性シリコン系層を製膜する工程と、
前記真性シリコン系層上に前記導電型シリコン系層を製膜する工程と、をこの順に有し、
前記真性シリコン系層を製膜する前の前記テクスチャの凹部の曲率半径が5nm未満であり、かつ、前記テクスチャの大きさが5μm未満であり、
前記真性シリコン系層の少なくとも一部を製膜した後、前記導電型シリコン系層を製膜する前に、前記真性シリコン系層に対して、水素を主成分とするガス雰囲気の中でプラズマ処理が行われる、結晶シリコン系太陽電池の製造方法。 - 単結晶シリコン基板の一主面に、真性シリコン系層、導電型シリコン系層及び透明導電層をこの順に有する結晶シリコン系太陽電池を製造する方法であって、
前記単結晶シリコン基板の表面に、異方性エッチングによりテクスチャを形成する工程と、
オゾンを用いて、前記単結晶シリコン基板の表面を清浄化する工程と、
前記単結晶シリコン基板の前記テクスチャ上に前記真性シリコン系層を製膜する工程と、をこの順に有し、
前記テクスチャを形成する工程と、前記オゾンを用いて前記単結晶シリコン基板の表面を清浄化する工程との間には、前記テクスチャの凹部を丸くするための等方性エッチング処理を行わず、
前記真性シリコン系層を製膜する前の前記テクスチャの大きさが5μm未満であり、
前記真性シリコン系層の少なくとも一部を製膜した後、前記導電型シリコン系層を製膜する前に、前記真性シリコン系層に対して、水素を主成分とするガス雰囲気の中でプラズマ処理が行われる、結晶シリコン系太陽電池の製造方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の方法により結晶シリコン系太陽電池を製造し、
前記結晶シリコン系太陽電池の複数を接続し、封止材により封止することを特徴とする太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。
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