JP5456168B2 - 光電変換装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
光電変換装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 175
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 175
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 175
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 79
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 67
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
プラズマ処理工程: 前記第1真性シリコン系薄膜層が形成された一導電型単結晶シリコン基板が、水素を主成分とするガス雰囲気の中でプラズマ処理される工程。
第2真性シリコン系薄膜層形成工程: 前記第1真性シリコン系薄膜層上に第2真性シリコン系薄膜層が形成される工程。
膜厚は、断面の透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)観察により求めた。なお、TEM観察によって、第1真性シリコン系薄膜層と第2真性シリコン系薄膜層との界面、および第2真性シリコン系薄膜層と導電型シリコン層との界面を識別することは困難である。そのため、これらの層の膜厚は、TEM観察から求められた各層の合計厚みと製膜時間の比から算出した。また、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板表面に形成された層については、テクスチャの斜面と垂直な方向を膜厚方向とした。
実施例1では、図1に模式的に示す結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造された。
比較例1においては、実施例1と同様に結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造されたが、ノンドープ非晶質シリコン層2および4のそれぞれが、1回の製膜で10nmの膜厚に形成された。すなわち、比較例1では、下記の工程が実施例1とは異なっていた。
比較例2においては、実施例1と同様に結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造されたが、単結晶シリコン基板1上に直接水素プラズマ処理が行われた後、ノンドープ非晶質シリコン層2および4のそれぞれが、1回の製膜で10nmの膜厚に形成された。すなわち、比較例2では、下記の工程が実施例1とは異なっていた。
比較例3においては、実施例1と同様に結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造されたが、第1真性シリコン系薄膜層21,41の製膜と第2真性シリコン系薄膜層22,42の製膜との間に水素プラズマ処理が行われる代わりに、高水素濃度条件でノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜の製膜が行われた。すなわち、比較例3では、真性シリコン系層2,4が下記の工程で製膜された点において、実施例1と異なっていた。
比較例4においては、比較例3と同様に、真性シリコン系層2,4として、第1ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層、界面層、および第2ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層を有する結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造された。ただし、比較例4では、これら各層の製膜条件が、下記(a)〜(d)に変更された点において、比較例3と異なっていた。
(a)第1ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層および第2ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層製膜時に、H2ガスが導入されず、SiH4ガスのみが導入された;
(b)界面層製膜時のSiH4/H2流量比が3/30に変更された;
(c)界面層製膜時の高周波パワー密度が0.011W/cm2に変更された;
(d)界面層の製膜厚みが3nmに変更され、第2ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層の製膜厚みが3nmに変更された。
第1ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層21および41の膜厚が、表2に示すように変更された以外は、実施例1と同様にして光電変換装置が作製された。これらの実施例および比較例の光電変換装置の光電変換特性を、実施例1の光電変換装置の光電変換特性とともに表2に示す。表2の各光電変換特性は、前述の比較例1に対する相対値として示されている。
第2ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層22および42の膜厚が、表3に示すように変更された以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光電変換装置が作製された。
実施例1と同様に、第1ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層21および41のそれぞれが4nmの膜厚で製膜された後、水素プラズマ処理が行われた。その後、第2ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層22および42が製膜されずに、n型非晶質シリコン層3およびp型非晶質シリコン層5が形成された。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして、光電変換装置が作製された。
水素プラズマ処理工程における高周波パワー密度およびプラズマ処理時間が、表4に示すように変更されたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光電変換装置が作製された。これらの実施例の光電変換装置の光電変換特性を、実施例1の光電変換装置の光電変換特性とともに表4に示す。表4の各光電変換特性は、前述の比較例1に対する相対値として示されている。
実施例20においては、実施例1と同様に結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造されたが、第1ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層21および41が2nmの膜厚で製膜され、水素プラズマ処理が行われた後、第2ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層22および42が8nmの膜厚で製膜された点において、実施例1と異なっていた。
参考例1においては、実施例20と同様に、結晶シリコン系光電変換装置が製造されたが、ノンドープ非晶質シリコン層2、4の製膜において、ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層の製膜と水素プラズマ処理とが繰り返し行われた点において、実施例20と異なっていた。すなわち、参考例1においては、ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層が2nmの膜厚で製膜された後、水素プラズマ処理が行われ、その後さらに膜厚が2nmのノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層の製膜および水素プラズマ処理が行われた。その上にさらに膜厚が4nmの非晶質シリコン層が製膜された。このようにして形成されたノンドープ非晶質シリコン層2および4上に、n型非晶質シリコン層3およびp型非晶質シリコン層5が形成された。
参考例2においては、参考例1と同様に、ノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層の製膜と水素プラズマ処理とが繰り返し行われた。参考例2においては、膜厚が2nmのノンドープ非晶質シリコン薄膜層の製膜および水素プラズマ処理が3回繰り返して行われた後、その上に、膜厚が2nmの非晶質シリコン層が製膜された点で、参考例1と異なっていた。
2 一導電型(n型)層側真性シリコン系層
4 逆導電型(p型)層側真性シリコン系層
21,41 第1真性シリコン系薄膜層
22,42 第2真性シリコン系薄膜層
3 一導電型(n型)シリコン系層
5 逆導電型(p型)シリコン系層
6,8 透明電極層
7,9 集電極
Claims (3)
- 一導電型単結晶シリコン基板の一方の面に一導電型層側真性シリコン系層および一導電型シリコン系層をこの順に有し、前記一導電型単結晶シリコン基板の他方の面に逆導電型
層側真性シリコン系層および逆導電型シリコン系層をこの順に有する結晶シリコン系光電変換装置を製造する方法であって、
前記一導電型層側真性シリコン系層の形成工程、および前記逆導電型層側真性シリコン系層の形成工程の少なくともいずれか一方は、
前記一導電型単結晶シリコン基板上に1nm〜10nmの膜厚を有する第1真性シリコン系薄膜層が形成される工程、
水素を主成分とするガス雰囲気の中でプラズマ処理が行われる工程、および
前記第1真性シリコン系薄膜層上に1nm〜15nmの膜厚を有する第2真性シリコン系薄膜層が形成される工程、
をこの順に有する、結晶シリコン系光電変換装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1真性シリコン系薄膜層の膜厚と前記第2真性シリコン系薄膜層の膜厚との合計が16nm以下である、請求項1に記載の結晶シリコン系光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1真性シリコン系薄膜層が形成される工程の後、一旦プラズマ放電が停止され、その後プラズマ放電が再開されて前記プラズマ処理が行われる、請求項1または2に記載の結晶シリコン系光電変換装置の製造方法。
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