JPWO2013027677A1 - 排ガス用浄化触媒およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
排ガス用浄化触媒およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-] SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
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- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
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- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1は、金属酸化物からなる担体と、前記担体に担持された金属粒子とを備える排ガス浄化用触媒であって、前記金属粒子が、Pt、Ag、Mn、Fe及びAuからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の第一の金属と、Pd、Rh、Ir及びRuからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の第二の金属との固溶体からなり、前記金属粒子の平均一次粒子径が1.5nm以下であり、且つ、前記金属粒子における1次粒子毎の金属組成比の標準偏差が10%以下であることを特徴とする排ガス浄化用触媒を記載する。
(1) ロジウムと金とからなる二元素微粒子を担持した排ガス浄化触媒であって、該二元素微粒子中において、該ロジウムと該金とが分相してなり、該ロジウム:該金の比率が30〜99.9原子%:70〜0.1原子%である、排ガス浄化触媒。
(2) 該ロジウム:該金の比率が90〜99原子%:10〜1原子%である、(1)に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
(3) 該二元素微粒子の平均一次粒径が、2nm〜5nmである、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
(4) ロジウム塩および金塩を含む混合溶液に有機化合物系還元剤を添加することにより、ロジウムと金とが分相してなる二元素微粒子を生成させ、次に該二元素微粒子を触媒に担持させることを含む、排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法であって、該還元剤が揮発性である、排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
(5) 該二元素微粒子の貧溶媒による沈殿操作を含まない、(4)に記載の排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
1Lのセパラブルラスコに6.7g(60.0mmol)のポリビニルピロリドン(PVP) K−25(平均重量分子量35000、製造メーカー名:ナカライテスク(株)、品番;9003−39−8)を入れ、イオン交換水75mlで完全に溶解させた。次に、0.045mmolのHAuCl4(製造メーカー名:田中貴金属工業(株))と1.455mmolのRhCl3(製造メーカー名:田中貴金属工業(株))および675ml(1.455mmol)の1−プロパノール(製造メーカー名:ナカライテスク(株)、品番;71−23−8)を加えた。これを100℃のバス温においてN2でバブリングしながら2時間加熱・還流し、次に反応溶液を室温まで放冷した。
1Lのセパラブルフラスコに、6.7g(60.0mmol)のPVP K−25を入れ、イオン交換水375mlで完全に溶解させた。次に1.5mmolのRhCl3および375mlのエタノールを加えた。これを100℃のバス温において2時間加熱・還流した後、反応溶液を室温まで放冷させた。溶液の量が50ml程度になるまで濃縮し、微粒子分散液を得た。
(微粒子担持触媒の合成)
50mlの得られた微粒子分散液を300mlのビーカーに入れ、水を加えて約100mlに希釈した後、マグネチックスターラーで攪拌した。別のビーカーに(担持濃度0.1wt%で)94.8gの担体粉末(アルミナ−セリア−ジルコニア固溶体、製造メーカー名:(株)キャタラー)を入れ、水を約50ml加えて分散させた。これを水で希釈した微粒子分散液に加えて、約150℃で加熱攪拌することにより分散媒を除去した。
500mLのセパラブルフラスコに、60.0mmolのPVP K−25を入れ、イオン交換水200mLで完全に溶解させた。0.045mmolのHAuCl4と1.455mmolのRhCl3とを溶解させ、これを室温で攪拌しながら、イオン交換水50mLに溶解させた9.0mmolのNH3BH3を徐々に加えた。添加完了後さらに10分攪拌した後に、この溶液を2Lのビーカーに溶液を移し、アセトン1200mLを加えて6時間整置して生成物を自然沈殿させた。無色透明になった上澄み液を捨てて、残留するNH3BH3を除去した。次に黒色の沈殿物に100mLのエタノールを加えて、超音波洗浄器(製造メーカー:アズワン(株)、型番:USK−1)を用いて15分間分散させることにより、生成物を得た。得られた微粒子分散液を300mlビーカーに入れビーカーに入れ、水を加えて100mLに希釈した後、マグネチックスターラーで攪拌した。別のビーカーに94.8gの担体粉末(アルミナ−セリア−ジルコニア固溶体)を入れ、水を約50mL加えて分散させた。これを水で希釈した微粒子分散液に加えて約150℃で加熱攪拌することにより分散媒を除去した。次に120℃で12時間乾燥した後、乳鉢で粉砕し、空気中において30時間300℃で焼成することにより、担持触媒粉末を得た。これらの粉末を98MPaで高圧成型することにより実施例1と同様のペレット試料を得た。
上記の方法で担持・焼成した触媒ペレット2gを用いて、ガス条件:;CO 0.65%、C3H6:1000ppm、NO:1500ppm、O2:0.7%、CO2:10%、H2O:0.3%、残余N2、総流量10L/分のモデルガスを流し昇温評価を実施した。その結果、(金に対する)ロジウムの原子%比率に対する、NOxが50%浄化される温度(℃)をプロットしたグラフ(図1)に示されように、実施例1の試料は、比較例1の試料に対し、全Rh原子%領域において、より低いNOxの50浄化温度を達成している。
実施例1の試料について、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置付走査透過型電子顕微鏡(STEM−EDX)(日立製HD−2000、加速電圧:200kV)による分析を行った。試料溶液をエタノールで希釈し、モリブデングリッドに滴下乾燥させたものを測定した。
実施例1の試料について、ロジウム:金の原子%比率の測定を、図2中の写真の各測定点1〜7において行った。図3に示すように、測定点1、3では、Rh;Auの比が約0原子%超〜約20原子%未満:約100原子%未満〜約80原子超となっており、測定点4では、Rh;Auの比が40原子%:約60原子%となっており、測定点2では、Rh;Auの比が約70原子%:30原子%になっている。
実施例1の試料について、X線回折(XRD)(リガク製RINT2000)によって測定を行った。なお、具体的な測定条件は以下のとおりである。
測定方法: FT法(Fixed Time法)
X線源: CuKα
ステップ幅: 0.02deg.
計数時間: 0.5s
発散スリット(DS):2/3deg.
散乱スリット(SS):2/3deg.
受光スリット(RS):0.5mm
管電圧: 50kV
管電流: 300mA
実施例1および比較例1の試料を用いて、(触媒活性評価)と同じ条件下でNOxの50%浄化率を測定した。浄化温度に対し浄化率(%)をプロットしたグラフ(図5)に示すように、400℃において、比較例1の試料が、約50%の転化率でピークを付けたのと対照的に、実施例1の試料は、比較例1の試料の、約2倍程度の100%の浄化率を達成することができ、優れた性能であることが示された。
次に実施例1、比較例1、参考合成例1で得られた試料について、COパルス測定を、大倉理研製 R6015を用いて行った。酸化還元前処理温度は300℃、動作温度は50℃で測定した。測定試料にはAl2O3に担持したRh微粒子、およびロジウムと金とからなる微粒子を使用し、担持濃度はRh量0.10wt%で測定を行った。
11 Rh3+イオン
12 Au3+イオン
13 保護剤
14 錯体
15 Au微粒子
16 Rh微粒子
Claims (6)
- ロジウムと金とを含有する微粒子を担持した排ガス浄化触媒であって、前記微粒子中において、前記ロジウムと前記金とが分相してなり、前記ロジウム:前記金の比率が30〜99.9原子%:70〜0.1原子%である、排ガス浄化触媒。
- 該ロジウム:該金の比率が90〜99原子%:10〜1原子%である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 該二元素微粒子の平均一次粒径が、2nm〜5nmである、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- ロジウム塩および金塩を含む混合溶液に有機化合物系還元剤を添加することにより、ロジウムと金とが分相してなる二元素微粒子を生成させ、次に該二元素微粒子を触媒に担持させることを含む、排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法であって、該還元剤が揮発性である、排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
- 該二元素微粒子の貧溶媒による沈殿操作を含まない、請求項4に記載の排ガス浄化触媒の製造方法。
- 該微粒子が、ロジウムと金とからなる二元素微粒子である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
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US10265682B2 (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-04-23 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Catalyst for synthesis of hydrogen peroxide and synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using same |
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