JPWO2008102509A1 - 水素精製方法、水素分離膜、及び水素精製装置 - Google Patents
水素精製方法、水素分離膜、及び水素精製装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2008102509A1 JPWO2008102509A1 JP2009500073A JP2009500073A JPWO2008102509A1 JP WO2008102509 A1 JPWO2008102509 A1 JP WO2008102509A1 JP 2009500073 A JP2009500073 A JP 2009500073A JP 2009500073 A JP2009500073 A JP 2009500073A JP WO2008102509 A1 JPWO2008102509 A1 JP WO2008102509A1
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- palladium
- reaction
- reactions
- alloy
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000713 I alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 palladium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
すなわち本発明は、つぎのとおりである。
1.パラジウム合金膜の表面に、メッキ法、スパッタリング法、又はパラジウム化合物を含有する溶液を塗布した後、溶媒の蒸発、パラジウムの還元を行なう方法により、パラジウムの微粒子を付着させた水素分離膜を用いて、水、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、メタン及び窒素のうち少なくとも1つの成分を1%以上含む水素含有ガスから水素を分離・精製することを特徴とする水素精製方法。
2.前記パラジウム合金膜が、パラジウムと銀との合金、パラジウムと銀と金との合金又はパラジウムと銅との合金を主成分とする膜である第1項記載の水素精製方法。
3.前記水素含有ガスが、アルコール類、エーテル類又は炭化水素類の水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって得られるガスである第1項記載の水素精製方法。
4.前記水素含有ガスが、メタノールの水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって得られるガスである第1項1記載の水素精製方法。
5.前記水素含有ガスが、ジメチルエーテルの水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって得られるガスである第1項記載の水素精製方法。
6.パラジウム合金膜の表面にパラジウムの微粒子を付着させた水素分離膜。
7.第6項記載の水素分離膜を備える水素精製装置。
8.アルコール類、エーテル類又は炭化水素類の水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって水素含有ガスを製造する反応器と第7項記載の水素精製装置を組み合わせた水素製造装置。
ここで、パラジウムの微粒子について説明する。後述の実施例1(めっき法)で得られた水素分離膜表面の電子顕微鏡写真(5000倍)を図1に示す。
図1からわかるように、パラジウム合金膜の表面には、パラジウムの針状微粒子が表面を覆って付着している。又、一部のパラジウムは、凝集状態を呈してクサビ上の微粒子として付着している。
又、後述の実施例3(スパッタリング法)で得られた水素分離膜表面の電子顕微鏡写真(100,000倍)を図2に示す。
図2からわかるように、パラジウム合金膜の表面には、パラジウムの球状微粒子が表面を覆って付着している。
このように本発明で言うパラジウム微粒子は、針状、クサビ状、又は球状等の形態を問わず、パラジウム合金膜の表面に前記方法により付着したパラジウム粒子を指す。
なお、図3は、パラジウム合金自体の表面の電子顕微鏡(100,000倍)である。これからわかるように、パラジウム合金自体の表面はほぼ平坦状を示している。
該パラジウム微粒子付着パラジウム合金膜を用いて有効膜面積6cm2の水素分離膜セルを作製し水素透過試験を行った。
原料として、水素72%、二酸化炭素24%、一酸化炭素2%、メタン1%、窒素1%となるよう調合したガス(以下、混合ガスという)を用いた。原料側圧力0.9MPaG、精製側圧力大気圧、操作温度300℃、原料ガス供給量300cc/minであった。
その結果、150cc/minの水素透過量が得られた。精製した水素の純度は露点計にて測定し、−80℃以下であることを確認した。なお、原料に用いた混合ガスの露点は−45℃であった。
該パラジウム微粒子付着パラジウム合金膜を用いて有効膜面積6cm2の水素分離膜セルを作製し水素透過試験を行った。当該セルは、処理面を原料側に配置するよう作製した。
原料として、メタノールの水蒸気改質ガス(組成:二酸化炭素23%、一酸化炭素1%、水11%、メタン0.1%程度、水素残部)を用いた。原料側圧力0.9MPaG、精製側圧力大気圧、操作温度300℃、原料ガス供給量260cc/minであった。その結果、70cc/minの精製水素が得られた。
この溶液をパラジウム合金膜の表面に塗布した後、溶媒を蒸発させた。その後、透過試験条件設定までの処理により(窒素流通下300℃まで昇温、その後2時間保持し、水素に切り替え昇圧)、酢酸パラジウムの分解、還元が起こりパラジウムリッチの膜表面が得られると考えられる。
該パラジウム微粒子付着パラジウム合金膜を用いて有効膜面積6cm2の水素分離膜セルを作製し水素透過試験を行った。該水素分離膜セルは、処理面を原料側に配置するよう作製した。
原料としてメタノールの水蒸気改質ガス(組成:二酸化炭素23%、一酸化炭素1%、水11%、メタン0.1%程度、水素残部)を用いた。原料側圧力0.9MPaG、精製側圧力大気圧、操作温度300℃、原料ガス供給量260cc/minであった。その結果、65cc/minの精製水素が得られた。
原料として前記混合ガスを用いて、原料側圧力0.9MPaG、精製側圧力大気圧、操作温度300℃、原料ガス供給量300cc/minで水素透過試験を行った。その結果、135cc/minの水素透過量が得られた。精製した水素の純度は露点計にて測定し、−80℃以下であることを確認した。
この結果から、上記の本発明の実施例1の結果に比べて、水素透過量がはるかに少ないことが分かる。
原料側圧力0.9MPaG、精製側圧力大気圧、操作温度300℃、原料ガス供給量260cc/minであった。その結果、50cc/minの精製水素が得られた。
この結果から、上記の本発明の実施例3、及び4の結果に比べて、水素透過量がはるかに少ないことが分かる。
Claims (8)
- パラジウム合金膜の表面に、メッキ法、スパッタリング法、又はパラジウム化合物を含有する溶液を塗布した後、溶媒の蒸発、パラジウムの還元を行なう方法により、パラジウムの微粒子を付着させた水素分離膜を用いて、水、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、メタン及び窒素のうち少なくとも1つの成分を1%以上含む水素含有ガスから水素を分離・精製することを特徴とする水素精製方法。
- 前記パラジウム合金膜が、パラジウムと銀との合金、パラジウムと銀と金との合金又はパラジウムと銅との合金を主成分とする膜である請求項1記載の水素精製方法。
- 前記水素含有ガスが、アルコール類、エーテル類又は炭化水素類の水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって得られるガスである請求項1記載の水素精製方法。
- 前記水素含有ガスが、メタノールの水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって得られるガスである請求項1記載の水素精製方法。
- 前記水素含有ガスが、ジメチルエーテルの水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって得られるガスである請求項1記載の水素精製方法。
- パラジウム合金膜の表面にパラジウムの微粒子を付着させた水素分離膜。
- 請求項6記載の水素分離膜を備える水素精製装置。
- アルコール類、エーテル類又は炭化水素類の水蒸気改質反応、分解反応、部分酸化反応及びオートサーマル改質反応からなる群より選ばれる反応又はこれらの反応のうち少なくとも1つの反応を含み他の反応と同時に若しくは逐次に複数組み合わせた反応によって水素含有ガスを製造する反応器と請求項7記載の水素精製装置を組み合わせた水素製造装置。
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US9616379B2 (en) | 2013-07-25 | 2017-04-11 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Method for preparing hydrogen separation membrane and device for preparing hydrogen separation membrane |
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AU2014306355B2 (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2018-03-29 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Processes utilising selectively permeable membranes |
EP2896595A1 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-22 | Japan Pionics Co., Ltd. | Palladium alloy membrane unit, storage structure thereof, and method of purifying hydrogen by using the same |
AU2017276799B2 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2022-04-14 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Method of forming a PD-AU alloy layer on a substrate |
KR101969200B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-17 | 2019-04-16 | 한국화학연구원 | 메탄 함유 혼합가스를 이용한 수소 농축가스, 아세틸렌 농축가스, 에틸렌 농축가스 및 용접용 가스 제조방법 및 이의 장치 |
JP2018062602A (ja) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 有機化合物の還元装置 |
JP2018145103A (ja) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-20 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 水素添加方法、及び有機化合物の製造方法 |
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WO2020205472A1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | Purdue Research Foundation | Process of upgrading natural gas liquids from shale gas without front-end demethanizer |
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KR20090110897A (ko) | 2009-10-23 |
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CN101610975A (zh) | 2009-12-23 |
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