JPS6337907A - 補強熱可塑性シ−トの積層板の製造方法およびその製品 - Google Patents

補強熱可塑性シ−トの積層板の製造方法およびその製品

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Publication number
JPS6337907A
JPS6337907A JP62187468A JP18746887A JPS6337907A JP S6337907 A JPS6337907 A JP S6337907A JP 62187468 A JP62187468 A JP 62187468A JP 18746887 A JP18746887 A JP 18746887A JP S6337907 A JPS6337907 A JP S6337907A
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Prior art keywords
sheet material
laminate
materials
thermoplastic
weight
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JP2539228B2 (ja
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イアン・ステッドマン・ビッグス
ブロニスロー・ラドヴァン
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Wiggins Teape UK PLC
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Wiggins Teape UK PLC
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
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    • Y10T428/249923—Including interlaminar mechanical fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は異なる不相溶性の熱可塑性シートから補強補熱
可塑性積層板を製造する方法およびこうして製造した製
品に関する。
従来の技術および 発明が解決しようとする問題点 本発明出願人による欧州特許出願第８５３０００３２．
１号（同公開公報第０１４８７６１号）には繊維補強プ
ラスチック材料シートの製造方法が開示されている。種
類を異にする熱可塑性材料から成るこの種のシートはあ
らかじめ縮収（ｃｏｎ−ｓｏｌｉｄａｔｅ）されている
場合、積層が困難であることが知られている。しかしな
がら、欧州特許出願第８５３０００３１．３号（同公開
公報第０１４８７６０号）に記すごとく開始材料たるシ
ート材が非縮収となっている場合には積層板形成が可能
であり、または欧州特許出願第８５３０００３４゜７号
（同公開公報第０１４８７６３号）に記すごとく開始材
料シート材が縮収状態から膨張している場合には積層板
形成が可能になることが判明した。上記３つの欧州特許
出願に開示した内容は、以下本文中でも参照される。
問題点を解決するための手段 本発明によれば、補強熱可塑性補強シート材の積層板を
製造する方法が高い弾性率を有する２０〜６０重量％の
補強繊維と、他方のシート材中の熱可塑性材料と異なる
４０〜８０重量％の熱可塑性材料とから各々構成される
第１・第２多孔シート材を調製する工程と、該第１・第
２多孔シート材を縮収し接着して積層板を形成するため
該シート材を加熱し加圧する工程とから成る。シート材
の多孔質は非縮収状態の開始材料たるシート材に本来備
わっているものを利用してもよいし、縮収シート材を膨
張させることにより発生させてもよい。
好ましくは使用する繊維の大部分は長さが７〜５０１１
１１、太さが１３μ以下となるようにする。繊維は、分
離した単繊維とすると便利である。これら繊維は通常結
束切断した状態で人手されるが、これらをほぐしてシー
ト形成前に単繊維にする必要がある。
繊維が積層板の強度増加のため用いられる場合、分離ガ
ラス繊維は長さが約７ｍ■より短くならないようにまた
は太さが１３μを超えないようにする。
これは繊維が短いと可塑材料マトリックスを適切に補強
できず、太さがありすぎると同マトリックスの補強が効
果的でなくなるからである。またはガラス単繊維と少な
くとも同様の補強効果を有する他の種類の単繊維を用い
てもよい。
ここでいう高い弾性率とはシート材の弾性率に比べ実質
的に高い弾性率を意味する。この範鴫に入る繊維にはガ
ラス繊維、カーボン繊維、セラミック繊維の他に、ケブ
ラー（Ｋｅｖｌａｒ）とノメックス（Ｎｏ■ｅｘ　）の
商標名で市販されているアラミド繊維等の繊維があり、
また１０，０００メガパスカルを超える弾性率をもつい
ずれの繊維も包含する。
上述のごとく、シート材はまず縮収され次に積層形成に
先立って加熱し膨張させる。
また別の方法と゛して、非縮収シート材を形成し、積層
形成に先立って乾燥される。
熱可塑性材料として例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピ
レン、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル／スチレン／ブ
タジェン、ポリエチレン　テレフタレート、ポリブチレ
ン　テレフタレート、ポリ塩化ビニールのいずれかをτ
型化および無可里化したもの、またはこれら材料同士の
または他のポリマー材料とのアロイまたはブレンドのい
ずれかから成る。その他好適な熱可塑性材料としてはポ
リフェニレン　エーテル、ポリカーボネート、ポリエス
テルカーボネート、熱可塑性ポリエステル、ポリエステ
ルイミド、アクリロニトリル／ブチアクリレート／スチ
レンポリマー、非結晶ナイロン、ポリアリレン　エーテ
ル　ケトン、またはこれらの材料同士のまたは他のポリ
マー材料とのアロイまたはブレンドのいずれかがある。
実施例 以下に記す実施例では多孔性シート材（ＡＳＢ）を欧州
特許出願第８５３０００３２．１号（同公開公報第０１
４８７６１号）に開示する方法に従って各々総重量２０
００ｇ／ｒｒｆで、２５重量％のガラス繊維（太さ１１
μ、長さ１３＋ｎ）を含有し異なる熱可塑性材料に分散
させて成る。図面に示すごとくシート材（Ａ）はアイ・
シー・アイ社（１，Ｃ，Ｉ　Ｌｔｄ、）のグレードＧＹ
５４５Ｍのポリプロピレンで形成し、シート材（Ｂ）は
ジー・イーΦプラスチックス社（Ｇ、Ｅ、Ｐｌａｓｔｉ
ｃｓ　Ｉｎｃ、　）のポリカーボネートとポリブチレン
テレフタレートとの熱可塑性７０イであるＸＥＮＯＹで
形成した。
積層板は添付図面に示すごとく４種類の方法で作成した
。層と層の間の接着性は幅１５ｍｍ長さ２００ｍｎの積
層片を切り取り、この積層片端部を反対方向へ離層（剥
離）か割れが生じるまで捩って主観的に判断した。
例　１（対照） 第１図に示すごとく、欧州特許出願第８５３０００３１
．３号（同公開公報第０１４８７６０号）に記す方法で
作成した未縮収乾燥シート材（Ａ。
Ｂ）は個々に１９０℃および２６０℃でホットプレスし
、冷却して冷間縮収したシート材（１，２）を作成した
。冷間縮収シート材（１，２）を次に熱圧ブレス（３）
にて２００ボンド／　１ｎｃｈ２の圧力でホットプレス
した。シート材に接する熱圧ブレスの熱盤の温度は各々
１７０℃および２５０℃とした。こうして形成した積層
板（４）を冷却し、試験したところシート材間の接着性
は非常に小さいことがわかった。
例　　２ 第２図に示すごとく、あらかじめ縮収しているシート材
（Ａ％Ｂ）を、欧州特許出願第８５３０００３４．７号
（同公開公報第０１４８７６３号）に記す方法にて加熱
膨張させ符号（５，８）で示すごとく通気性を有するよ
うにした。膨張シート材（５，６）に９０℃で２００ボ
ンド／　１ｎｃｈ２の圧力をかけた。こうして作成した
積層板を冷却しシート材間の接着性を調べたところ第１
図に示す場合に比べより良好であることが判明した。
例　　３ 第３図に示すごとく、例１の開始材料と同種の材料から
成る未縮収シート材（Ａ、Ｂ）を熱圧プレス（３）にて
２００ボンド／　１ｎｃｈ２の圧力で圧縮した。この時
の熱盤の温度は各々１７０℃と２５０℃とした。こうし
して作成した積層板を冷却して得たシート材間の接着性
は非常に良好であった。
例　　４ ′Ｘ４４図に示すごとく例１と同種の材料から成る未縮
収の乾燥シート材（Ａ、Ｂ）を形成しホットプレスを行
なう前に共に乾燥させ、熱圧ブレスにより例３と同一の
処理を行なった。積層板の間の接着性は非常に良好であ
った。
例　　５ 第５図は例３の方法により形成した積層板（８）から製
品を製造する方法を示す。積層板（８）を熱圧ブレス内
の好適な加熱成形体（９）内に配し、２００ポンド／Ｉ
ｎｃｈ２の圧力を加えて成形製品（１１）を製造する。
使用材料により、積層板の仕上げすなわち成形工程は変
更してもよい。シート材（Ａ）のガラス繊維含有率が比
較的低（、例えば２５％である場合、成形製品の下面（
１０）は滑らかな仕上りとなる。他方、同含有率が例え
ば６０％と比較的高い場合には多孔表面が生じ、続く表
面層付着の際の定着部すなわち足掛かりとなる。
本発明は、従って片面に耐熱層を他面に安価な熱可塑性
材料から成る成形の容易な層を有する積層板の成形製品
を製造する方法を提供する。本発明は２層以上の積層板
を形成するために用いることもできる。例えば、３層積
層板で繊維補強ポリプロピレンの芯層と繊維補強ナイロ
ンの表面層を有するものを形成することもできる。
以下に示す例では重量が４０００ｇ／ｒｒｒでガラス繊
維を４０％含有しているゲラスマット／ポリプロピレン
積層板から成る直径２２ＣＩｌの円板（ＡＺＤＥＬの商
標名で市販されている）をオーブンで７．５分間２０５
℃まで加熱し、皿状モールドにて２０００ポンド／１ｎ
ｃｈ２で所定材料に積層した。
例　　６ 積層板の第２シート材を欧州特許出願節８５３０００３
１．３号（同公開公報第０１４８７６０号）に記載の方
法で長さ１２ｍｍ、太さ１１μのガラス繊維を３０％と
アイ・シーφアイ社のＭＡＲＡＮＹＬ２３６Ｒの商標名
で市販され、ているナイロン６を７０％とから作成した
３　０００　ｇ／ｒｒｒの多孔性非縮収シート材で構成
した。こうして作成した積層板は冷却時に良好な層間の
接着性を示した。
例　　７ 積層板の第２シート材は例６と同じもの、ただし熱可塑
性材料がジー・イー・プラスチックス社の商標名ＶＡＬ
ＯＸで市販のポリカーボネートとポリブチレンテレフタ
レートとの熱可塑性アロイを７０％を含有する点で異な
るものを用いた。
こうして形成した積層板は冷却時には良好な層間の接着
性を示した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図はシート材を結合させ接着性の小さい積層板を形
成する方法をは示す説明図、 第２図は本発明による積層板の製造方法を示す説明図、 第３図は本発明による別の製造方法を示す説明図、 第４図はさらに別の製造方法を示す説明図、第５図は本
発明により製造した積層板を用いて製品を製造する方法
を示す説明図である。 （Ａ、Ｂ）：開始材料シート材、 （１，２）：縮収シート材、（３）】熱圧プレス、（５
，６）　　；膨張シート材。 特許出願人　　ザ・ウイギンズ・ティーブ・グループΦ
リミテッド

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 〔１〕高い弾性率を有する２０〜６０重量％の補強繊維
    と、他方のシート材中の熱可塑性材料と異なる４０〜８
    ０重量％の熱可塑性材料とから各々構成される第１・第
    ２多孔シート材を調製する工程と、該第１・第２多孔シ
    ート材を縮収し接着して積層板を形成するため該シート
    材を加熱し加圧する工程とから成る熱可塑性補強シート
    材積層板の製造方法。 〔２〕少なくとも一方のシート材が非縮収となっている
    、特許請求の範囲第１項記載の方法。 〔３〕少なくとも一方のシート材は縮収後膨張される、
    特許請求の範囲第１項記載の方法。 〔４〕前記補強繊維の大部分は長さが７〜５０ｍｍで、
    太さが１３μ以下となっている、特許請求の範囲第１項
    から第３項のいずれか一項記載の方法。 〔５〕前記補強繊維は分離したガラス単繊維である、特
    許請求の範囲第１項から第４項のいずれか一項記載の方
    法。 〔６〕前記分離したガラス単繊維は長さが約７ｍｍ以上
    であるかまたは太さが１３μ以下である、特許請求の範
    囲第５項記載の方法。 〔７〕前記シート材をまず縮収させ、次に積層板形成前
    に加熱し膨張させる、特許請求の範囲第３項から第６項
    のいずれか一項記載の方法。 〔８〕前記非縮収のシート材をいっしよに形成し乾燥さ
    せる、特許請求の範囲第１項記載の方法。 〔９〕前記熱可塑性材料はポリエチレン、ポリプロピレ
    ン、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル／スチレン／ブタ
    ジエン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテ
    レフタレート、ポリ塩化ビニールのいずれかを可塑化お
    よび無可塑化にしたものまたはこれら材料同士のまたは
    他のポリマー材料とのアロイまたはブレンドのいずれか
    から成る、特許請求の範囲第１項から第８項のいずれか
    一項記載の方法。 〔１０〕前記熱可塑性材料はポリフェニレン　エーテル
    、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステルカーボネート、熱可
    塑性ポリエステル、ポリエステルイミド、アクリロニト
    リル／ブチアクリレート／スチレンポリマー、非結晶ナ
    イロン、ポリアリレンエーテルケトン、またはこれらの
    材料同士のまたは他のポリマー材料とのアロイまたはブ
    レンドのいずれかから成る、特許請求の範囲第１項から
    第９項のいずれか一項記載の方法。 〔１１〕高い弾性率を有する２０〜６０重量％の補強繊
    維と、他方のシート材中の熱可塑性材料と異なる４０〜
    ８０重量％の熱可塑性材料とから各々構成される第１・
    第２多孔シート材を調製する工程と、該第１・第２多孔
    シート材を縮収して接着して積層板を形成するため該シ
    ート材を加熱し加圧する工程とから成る方法によって製
    造した積層板を加熱成形して製造される製品。
JP62187468A 1986-07-31 1987-07-27 補強熱可塑性シ−トの積層板の製造方法およびその製品 Expired - Fee Related JP2539228B2 (ja)

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GB868618727A GB8618727D0 (en) 1986-07-31 1986-07-31 Thermoplastic sheets
GB8618727 1986-07-31

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JPS6337907A true JPS6337907A (ja) 1988-02-18
JP2539228B2 JP2539228B2 (ja) 1996-10-02

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FI873262A (fi) 1988-02-01
DK389587D0 (da) 1987-07-27
ATE86543T1 (de) 1993-03-15
US5639324A (en) 1997-06-17
CA1299480C (en) 1992-04-28
DE3784580T2 (de) 1993-06-17
JP2539228B2 (ja) 1996-10-02
AU607926B2 (en) 1991-03-21
DK164027C (da) 1992-09-28
GB8618727D0 (en) 1986-09-10
NO174770B (no) 1994-03-28
NO873138D0 (no) 1987-07-27
DK389587A (da) 1988-02-01
FI92303C (fi) 1994-10-25
FI92303B (fi) 1994-07-15
US4957805A (en) 1990-09-18
NO873138L (no) 1988-02-01
IE872027L (en) 1988-01-31
KR880001431A (ko) 1988-04-23
PT85416A (pt) 1988-07-29
IE59731B1 (en) 1994-03-23
DK164027B (da) 1992-05-04
DE3784580D1 (de) 1993-04-15
BR8703883A (pt) 1988-03-29
EP0255315B1 (en) 1993-03-10
PT85416B (pt) 1994-11-30
EP0255315A3 (en) 1989-11-29
ZA875503B (en) 1988-02-01
NO174770C (no) 1994-07-06
FI873262A0 (fi) 1987-07-27
AU7614287A (en) 1988-02-04
ES2053546T3 (es) 1994-08-01
EP0255315A2 (en) 1988-02-03
KR950012800B1 (ko) 1995-10-21

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