PT85416B - Processo de fabrico de laminados a partir de folhas de termoplasticos reforcados - Google Patents

Processo de fabrico de laminados a partir de folhas de termoplasticos reforcados Download PDF

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Publication number
PT85416B
PT85416B PT85416A PT8541687A PT85416B PT 85416 B PT85416 B PT 85416B PT 85416 A PT85416 A PT 85416A PT 8541687 A PT8541687 A PT 8541687A PT 85416 B PT85416 B PT 85416B
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Portugal
Prior art keywords
sheets
fibers
process according
thermoplastic
materials
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PT85416A
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English (en)
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PT85416A (pt
Inventor
Ian Stedaman Biggs
Bronislaw Radvan
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Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Wiggins Teape Group Ltd filed Critical Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Publication of PT85416A publication Critical patent/PT85416A/pt
Publication of PT85416B publication Critical patent/PT85416B/pt

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/288—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyketones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/04—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the partial melting of at least one layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/22—Fibres of short length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1043—Subsequent to assembly
    • Y10T156/1044—Subsequent to assembly of parallel stacked sheets only
    • Y10T156/1048—Subsequent to assembly of parallel stacked sheets only to form dished or receptacle-like product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249923—Including interlaminar mechanical fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/674—Nonwoven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

MEMORIA DESCRITIVA □ presente invente refere-se a um processo de fabrico de laminados termoplásticos reforçados a partir de folhas de termoplásticos que podem ser diferentes ou incompatíveis e de artigos a partir desses laminados.
Na Patente Europeia Νδ. 85300032.1 (Publicação Nõ, 0 148 761), dos requerentes do presente invento, descreve-se um processo de fabrico de folhas de material plástico reforçado com fibras. Verificou-se que as folhas deste tipo compreendendo diferentes tipos de material termoplástico, são difíceis de laminar se tiverem sido previamente consolidadas. No entanto, verificou-se agora que é possível fabricar esse laminado se as folhas de partida se encontrarem num estado não consolidado como descrito na Patente Europeia ΝΘ. 85300031.3 (Publicação N6. 0 148 760) ou se tiverem sido expandidas a partir de um estado consolidado, como descrito na Patente Europeia NQ. 85300034.7 (Publicação Νδ. 0 148 763) dos requerentes do presente invento. A matéria objecto divulgada nas três patentes Europeias acima é aqui incorporada como referência.
De acordo com o presente invento um processo de fabr_i co de folhas de termoplástico reforçado laminadas, inclui a preparação de uma primeira e segunda folhas porosas compreendendo cada uma 20$ a 60% em peso, de fibras de reforço pos. suindo um elevado módulo de elasticidade, como aqui definido, e 40$ a 80% em peso de um material termoplástico que difere do material termoplástico da outra folha, e a aplicação de calor e pressão para provocar a consolidação e a aderência das folhas umas às outras para formar um laminado. 0 teor em porosidade da folha pode ser inerente ao estado não consolidja do da folha de partida ou pode ser gerado pela expansão de uma folha consolidada.
De preferência uma proporção significativa das fibras exibe um comprimento compreendido entre 7 e 50 milímetros e
491
Ref: A3BB/SPY/W.10B
-3um diâmetro igual ou inferior a 13 micra. Convenientemente, as fibras apresentam-se também na forma de fibras de vidro simples discretas. As fibras de vidro apresentam-se normalmente ligadas umas às outras em feixes de cordães cortados que têm que ser separados em fibras simples antes de se formar a folha.
Quando for necessário que as fibras confiram resistêri cia estrutural ao laminado, as fibras de vidro discretas n3o deverão ter um comprimento inferior a cerca de 7 milímetros e um diâmetro superior a 13 micra uma vez que as fibras que possuam um comprimento inferior não reforçam adequadamente a matriz plástica e as fibras que apresentem um diâmetro superior não reforçam eficientemente a matriz. Cm alternativa, poderão ser utilizadas fibras simples de outros materiais que apresentem uma eficiência de reforço pelo menos tão elevada como a das fibras de vidro.
Um módulo de elasticidade elevado deverá ser entendido como um módulo de elasticidade da folha. As fibras que estão as fibras de vidro, de carbono as fibras de aramida, vendidas e Nomex e módulo de incluirão normalmente qualquer elasticidade superior a 10 000 significativamente superior ao dentro desta categoria incluem e cerâmicas e fibras tais como sob os nomes comerciais Kevlar fibra que possua um Mega Pascal.
Como anteriormente mencionado, as folhas podem ser pr_i meiramente consolidadas e em seguida expandidas pela aplicação de calor antes de se efectuar a laminagem.
Num processo alternativo as folhas não consolidadas p_o dem ser formadas e secas em conjunto antes de se efectuar a laminagem.
Os materiais termoplásticos podem ser constituídos, por exemplo, por polietileno, polipropileno, poliestireno, acrilonitriestirenobutadieno, poli(tereftalato de etileno), poli(tereftalato de butileno) ou poli(cloreto de vinilo) plastificados ou não plastificados ou ligas ou misturas destes materiais entre si ou com outros materiais poliméricos. Ou
491
Ref: AJBB/SPY/W.108
tros termoplásticos adequados incluem éter polifenilénico ou policarbonatos ou poliéstercarbonatos ou poliésteres termoplásticos ou poliéterimidas ou polímeros de acrilonitrilo-acrilato de butilo-estireno ou nilão amorfo ou éter poliarileno cetónico ou ligas ou misturas destes materiais entre si ou com outros materiais poliméricos.
presente invento pode ser concretizado de várias ma neiras e algumas dessas concretizações serão seguidamente des^ critas por meio de exemplos e com referência aos desenhos anei xos, nos quais:
a figura 1 mostra um processo de ligação das folhas num laminado, processo este que proporciona apenas uma adesão muito fraca;
a figura 2 mostra um processo de produção de um lamina do de acordo com o presente invento;
a figura 3 mostra um processo alternativo;
a figura 4 mostra outro processo alternativo; e, a figura 5 mostra um processo de manufactura de um a_r tigo utilizando o laminado produzido pelo processo de acordo com o invento.
Para os exemplos seguintes prepararam-se as folhas p_o rosas A e B, com um peso total de 2 000 g/m cada uma, de acordo com o processo apresentado na Patente Europeia ΝΘ. B5300032.1 (Publicação N5. 0 148 761), contendo cada uma das folhas 25/o em peso de fibras de vidro (com 11 de diâmetro por 13 mm de comprimento) mas dispersas em termoplásticos d_i ferentes. A folha A, tal como mostrado nos desenhos, foi fe_i ta com polipropileno, do tipo GY545M, produzido pela I.C.I. Limited e a folha B foi feita com XENOY, uma liga de polica_r bonato e poli(tereftalato de butileno) produzido pela G.E. Piastics Inc..
Os laminados foram preparados de quatro maneiras dife rentes como mostrado nos desenhos anexos. A adesão entre as camadas foi estabelecida subjectivamente cortando uma tira com
491
Ref: AJBB/SPY/W.108 mm de largura por 200 mm de comprimento e torcendo as suas extremidades em sentidos opostos até ocorrer deslaminação ou uma rotura transversal.
EXEMPLO 1 (controlo)
Tal como mostrado na Figura 1, as folhas A e B não con solidadas secas, preparadas de acordo com o descrito na Patejn te Europeia NQ. 85300031.3 (Publicação N9. 0 148 760), foram individualmente prensadas a quente, respectivamente a 1909C e 2609C, e arrefecidas para produzir as folhas 1 e 2, consolidja das, frias. As folhas A e B, consolidadas, frias, foram então prensadas a quente em conjunto numa prensa 3 a 1,38 Mega Pascal, sendo as temperaturas das placas da prensa em contap to com as folhas de, 1702C e 2509C, respectivamente. 0 lam_i nado 4 resultante foi arrefecido e quando testado, demonstrou possuir uma adesão muito fraca entre as folhas suas componeri tes.
EXEMPLO 2
Tal como mostrado na Figura 2, as folhas A e B, que tinham sido previamente consolidadas, foram aquecidas e expari didas de acordo com o descrito na Patente Europeia N9. 85300D34.7 (Publicação N9. 0 148 763) de forma a tornarem-se permeáveis, como indicado pelos números de referência 5 e 6. As folhas expandidas foram colocadas em conjunto numa prensa 3 onde foram sujeitas a uma pressão de 1,38 Mega Pascal, a uma temperatura de 909C. 0 laminado resultante foi arrefeci do e mostrou possuir uma adesão maior entre as folhas suas componentes do que o laminado obtido pelo processo descrito com referência à figura 1.
EXEMPLO 3
Tal como mostrado na Figura 3, as folhas A e B não consolidadas do género das usadas à partida no Exemplo 1, fo ram colocadas em conjunto numa prensa 3 onde foram submetidas
491
Ref: A3BB/SPΥ/W.108 a uma pressão de 1,38 Mega Pascal, com as placas de prensa à temperatura de 1705C e 250QC, respectivamente. Deixou-se a_r refecer o laminado resultante e verificou-se que este exibia uma adesão muito boa entre as folhas suas componentes.
EXEMPLO 4
Tal como mostrado na Figura 4, as folhas A e B não coja solidadas secas do género das usadas no Exemplo 1, foram prjs paradas e secas em conjunto antes de serem colocadas na preri sa quente, onde foram submetidas ao mesmo tratamento que no Exemplo 3. Alcançou-se uma adesão muito boa entre as folhas componentes do laminado.
EXEMPLO 5
A Figura 5 mostra um processo para a manufactura de um artigo a partir de um laminado 8 preparado de acordo com o processo do Exemplo 3. 0 laminado 8 é colocado num instrjj mento de formação aquecido 9 adequado, numa prensa 10 cujas duas placas se encontram aquecidas a 90BC, e submetido a uma pressão de 1,38 MPa para produzir um artigo moldado 11.
Dependendo dos materiais utilizados, o acabamento do laminado ou a moldagem podem ser variados. Assim,se a folha A possuir um teor em fibra de vidro relativamente baixo, por exemplo 25%, a superfície inferior 12 do artigo manufacturado será formada por uma camada razoavelmente regular. Por outro lado, um elevado teor em fibra de vidro, por exemplo 60 %, resultará numa superfície porosa, proporcionando uma a_n coragem para a aplicação subsequente de uma camada superficj. al.
invento proporciona portanto uma técnica para a pro dução de um artigo moldado a partir de um laminado que pode, por exemplo, possuir uma camada resistente ao calor num dos lados e uma camada facilmente moldável, constituída por um termoplástico mais barato, do outro. Compreender-se-á que o invento se estende também à formação de laminados que possuam
491
Ref: AJ8B/SPY/W.1O8
-7mais que duas camadas. Por exemplo pode providenciar-se um laminado com três camadas possuindo uma camada interior de polipropileno reforçado por fibras e duas camadas superficiais de nilão reforçado por fibras.
Nos Exemplos seguintes aqueceu-se a 2052C num forno, durante sete minutos e meio, um disco de 22 centímetros de diâmetro de um laminado de manta de vidro/polipropileno, com um peso de 4 000 gramas por metro quadrado e um teor em fibra de vidro de 40%, vendido sob o nome comercial AZDEL, e efectuou-se a sua laminagem, num molde com a forma de disco sob uma pressão de 13,8 Mega Pascal, para originar o material especificado.
EXEMPLO 6 segundo componente do laminado compreendia um material semelhante a uma folha porosa não consolidada com um p_e so de 3 000 gramas por metro quadrado e preparado de acordo com o descrito na Patente Europeia NS. 85-300031.3 (Publicação N5. 0 148 760) a partir de 30% de fibras de vidro com 12 milímetros de comprimento e 11 micra de diâmetro e 70% de pó de nilão 6 vendido sob o nome comercial MARANYL 236R pela ICI Ltd. 0 laminado resultante quando arrefecido exibia uma boa adesão entre as camadas.
EXEMPLO 7 segundo componente do laminado era essencialmente o mesmo que o do Exemplo 6, com a excepção de que o teor termo plástico compreendia 70% de uma liga termoplástica de policar. bonato e poli(tereftala to de butileno) vendido sob o nome c£ mercial UALOX pela G.E. Plastics Inc..
laminado resultante, quando arrefecido exibia uma boa adesão entre as camadas.

Claims (10)

1 - Processo de fabrico de folhas de termoplásticos rei forçados, laminadas, caracterizado por incluir a preparação de uma primeira e de uma segunda folhas porosas, compreenden do cada uma 20;ó a 60/ em peso de fibras reforçantes com um elevado módulo de elasticidade, (superior a 10 000 Mega Pascal) e 40% a B0% em peso de um material termoplástico, diferente do da outra folha, e a aplicação de calor e pressão para provocar a consolidação das fibras e a sua aderência uma à outra para formar um laminado.
2 - Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracte rizado por pelo menos uma das folhas não ser consolidada.
3 - Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracte rizado por pelo menos uma das folhas ser expandida após conso 1idação.
4 - Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivind_i cações 1 a 3, caracterizado por uma proporção significativa das fibras apresentar um comprimento compreendido entre 7 e 50 milímetros e um diâmetro igual ou inferior a 13 micron.
5 - Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindA cações 1 a 4, caracterizado por as fibras se apresentarem na forma de fibras de vidro discretas simples.
6 - Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 5, caracte rizado por as fibras de vidro discretas não terem um comprimento inferior a cerca de 7 milímetros ou um diâmetro superi or a 13 micron.
7 - Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivind_i. cações 3 a 6, caracterizado por as folhas serem primeirame_n te consolidadas e em seguida expandidas pela aplicaçêo de c_a lor, antes da laminagem.
8 - Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracte
66 491
Ref: AJBB/SΡΥ/W.108
-9rizado por as folhas nSo consolidadas serem formadas e secas em conjunto.
9 - Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindA cações precedentes, caracterizado por os materiais termoplás. ticos serem polietileno, polipropileno, poliestireno, acril_o nitriestirenobutadieno, poli(tereftalato de etileno), poli(te reftalato de butileno) ou poli(cloreto de vinilo), plastificados ou n3o plastificados, ou ligas ou misturas destes materA ais entre si ou com outros materiais poliméricos.
10 - Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações precedentes 1 a Θ, caracterizado por os materiais termoplásticos serem éter polifenilénico ou policarbonatos ou pol ies tercarbonatos ou poliésteres termoplásticos ou poliete, rimidas ou polímeros de acrilonitrilo - acrilato de butilo -
- estireno ou nilão amorfo ou éter poliarileno ceténico ou ligas ou misturas destes materiais entre si ou com outros ma teriais poliméricos.
PT85416A 1986-07-31 1987-07-27 Processo de fabrico de laminados a partir de folhas de termoplasticos reforcados PT85416B (pt)

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IE59731B1 (en) 1994-03-23
FI92303C (fi) 1994-10-25
US4957805A (en) 1990-09-18
JP2539228B2 (ja) 1996-10-02
FI92303B (fi) 1994-07-15
DE3784580T2 (de) 1993-06-17
NO174770C (no) 1994-07-06
FI873262A (fi) 1988-02-01
EP0255315A2 (en) 1988-02-03
GB8618727D0 (en) 1986-09-10
KR880001431A (ko) 1988-04-23
FI873262A0 (fi) 1987-07-27
KR950012800B1 (ko) 1995-10-21
AU7614287A (en) 1988-02-04
DK389587D0 (da) 1987-07-27
US5639324A (en) 1997-06-17
PT85416A (pt) 1988-07-29
CA1299480C (en) 1992-04-28
EP0255315B1 (en) 1993-03-10
AU607926B2 (en) 1991-03-21
JPS6337907A (ja) 1988-02-18
DK164027B (da) 1992-05-04
NO873138D0 (no) 1987-07-27
DE3784580D1 (de) 1993-04-15
DK164027C (da) 1992-09-28
DK389587A (da) 1988-02-01
NO174770B (no) 1994-03-28
EP0255315A3 (en) 1989-11-29
ES2053546T3 (es) 1994-08-01
ZA875503B (en) 1988-02-01
BR8703883A (pt) 1988-03-29
ATE86543T1 (de) 1993-03-15
NO873138L (no) 1988-02-01
IE872027L (en) 1988-01-31

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