JPH0225913B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0225913B2 JPH0225913B2 JP58241806A JP24180683A JPH0225913B2 JP H0225913 B2 JPH0225913 B2 JP H0225913B2 JP 58241806 A JP58241806 A JP 58241806A JP 24180683 A JP24180683 A JP 24180683A JP H0225913 B2 JPH0225913 B2 JP H0225913B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- formula
- groups
- methyl
- compound according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 3-methylureido group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004195 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010002383 Angina Pectoris Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000031225 myocardial ischemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 2
- 229940030600 antihypertensive agent Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002220 antihypertensive agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004925 dihydropyridyl group Chemical group N1(CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002253 anti-ischaemic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 90
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 48
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 48
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 48
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dihydropyridine Chemical class C1C=CNC=C1 YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- LLMLNAVBOAMOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1Cl LLMLNAVBOAMOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDHKCMVEGUQUCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxide Chemical compound COC1=NS(=O)N=C1OC CDHKCMVEGUQUCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RIINJDWOWUPMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-o-ethyl 5-o-methyl 2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RIINJDWOWUPMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCPYZBQQWIPAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-o-ethyl 3-o-methyl 2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CNC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1 QCPYZBQQWIPAGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N amlodipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- OHLRLMWUFVDREV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)CCl OHLRLMWUFVDREV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- KUNCMOAFNYLOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1Cl KUNCMOAFNYLOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009460 calcium influx Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MNMKWCPLHQYQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C(C)=O)=CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl MNMKWCPLHQYQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 2
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001766 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NO1 0.000 description 1
- 125000001305 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=C([*])N=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004518 1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl group Chemical group S1N=C(C=N1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004317 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=N1 0.000 description 1
- SHHHSLYSIGZSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-ethyl 3-O-methyl 2-methyl-4H-pyridine-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C(C)OC(=O)N1C=CCC(=C1C)C(=O)OC SHHHSLYSIGZSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUWFBQUHBOUPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-isothiocyanatoethane Chemical compound ClCCN=C=S ZUWFBQUHBOUPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUIZBQQGWNBRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxidopyrazin-1-ium Chemical group [O-][N+]1=CC=NC=C1 RUIZBQQGWNBRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWFLUYFYHANMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)C2=C1 MWFLUYFYHANMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWVRASTUFJRTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(azetidin-3-yloxy)-4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound O=C(CN1C=C(C(OC2CNC2)=N1)C1=CN=C(NC2CC3=C(C2)C=CC=C3)N=C1)N1CCC2=C(C1)N=NN2 VWVRASTUFJRTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPZOCVVDSHQFST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-ethylpyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)CC LPZOCVVDSHQFST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXZBYIWNGKSFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[5-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrazin-2-yl]pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC=1N=CC(=NC=1)C=1C=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 VXZBYIWNGKSFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSULWPSUVMOMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azidoethanol Chemical compound OCCN=[N+]=[N-] BSULWPSUVMOMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJUDPHAXXSKONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde 1-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(F)(F)F.ClC1=C(C=O)C=CC=C1C(F)(F)F UJUDPHAXXSKONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWIIAAVGRHKSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine Chemical compound ClC1=NC(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=N1 HWIIAAVGRHKSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-acetaldehyde Chemical compound ClCC=O QSKPIOLLBIHNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPYUJUBAXZAQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C=O FPYUJUBAXZAQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYHSQVMHSFXUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiouracil Chemical compound CSC1=NC=CC(O)=N1 UYHSQVMHSFXUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- RZVWBPPLLJMIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-o-ethyl 5-o-methyl 2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-[2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1Cl RZVWBPPLLJMIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000437 thiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)S1 0.000 description 1
- ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=S ZWZVWGITAAIFPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001665 trituration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000304 vasodilatating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024883 vasodilation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
- C07C47/52—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings
- C07C47/55—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/90—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8236347 | 1982-12-21 | ||
| GB8236347 | 1982-12-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59118782A JPS59118782A (ja) | 1984-07-09 |
| JPH0225913B2 true JPH0225913B2 (el) | 1990-06-06 |
Family
ID=10535140
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58241806A Granted JPS59118782A (ja) | 1982-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | ジヒドロピリジン類 |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US4572908A (el) |
| EP (1) | EP0116769B1 (el) |
| JP (1) | JPS59118782A (el) |
| KR (1) | KR860001921B1 (el) |
| AT (1) | ATE26114T1 (el) |
| AU (1) | AU546057B2 (el) |
| CA (1) | CA1215050A (el) |
| CS (1) | CS249516B2 (el) |
| DD (1) | DD213920A5 (el) |
| DE (1) | DE3370481D1 (el) |
| DK (1) | DK586583A (el) |
| ES (2) | ES8506633A1 (el) |
| FI (1) | FI79104C (el) |
| GR (1) | GR81351B (el) |
| HU (1) | HU193275B (el) |
| IL (1) | IL70477A (el) |
| NO (1) | NO159272C (el) |
| NZ (1) | NZ206614A (el) |
| PH (1) | PH20114A (el) |
| PL (2) | PL140573B1 (el) |
| PT (1) | PT77842B (el) |
| SU (2) | SU1296006A3 (el) |
| YU (2) | YU246883A (el) |
| ZA (1) | ZA839381B (el) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0125803A3 (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1987-01-21 | FISONS plc | Pharmaceutically active dihydropyridines |
| GB8331120D0 (en) * | 1983-11-22 | 1983-12-29 | Pfizer Ltd | Benzaldehyde derivatives |
| DE3567460D1 (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1989-02-16 | Pfizer Ltd | Dihydropyridines |
| GR851819B (el) * | 1984-08-17 | 1985-11-26 | Wyeth John & Brother Ltd | |
| GB8601382D0 (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1986-02-26 | Pfizer Ltd | Dihydropyridine antiischaemic & antihypertensive agents |
| US5202330A (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1993-04-13 | E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | 2-thio or oxo-4-aryl or heterocyclo-1,5(2H)-pyrimidinedicarboxylic acid diesters and 3-acyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids and esters |
| IT1204421B (it) * | 1986-06-27 | 1989-03-01 | Boehringer Biochemia Srl | 2-(aminoalchiltio)metil-1,4-diidropiridine,un metodo per la loro preparazione e composizioni farmaceutiche che le contengono |
| DE3531498A1 (de) * | 1985-09-04 | 1987-03-05 | Bayer Ag | Dihydropyridin-2-hydroxyamine, verfahren zur herstellung und ihre verwendung in arzneimitteln |
| US4820842A (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1989-04-11 | Warner-Lambert Company | 2-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines |
| IT1204948B (it) * | 1987-03-13 | 1989-03-10 | Boheringer Biochemia Robin S P | 2-tiometil-sostituite-piridine, metodo per la loro preparazione e composizioni farmaceutiche che le contengono. |
| US4753946A (en) * | 1987-04-08 | 1988-06-28 | E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | Pyrimidinecarboxylic acid derivatives |
| GB9319341D0 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1993-11-03 | Wellcome Found | Novel process |
| GB9611046D0 (en) * | 1996-05-25 | 1996-07-31 | Wivenhoe Techn Ltd | Pharmacological compounds |
| ES2151850B1 (es) * | 1998-10-26 | 2001-08-16 | Esteve Quimica Sa | Intermedio para la sintesis de amlodipino para su obtencion y utilizacion correspondiente. |
| US6653481B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2003-11-25 | Synthon Bv | Process for making amlodipine |
| AU2001294354A1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-16 | Bioorganics B.V. | Process for making amlodipine, derivatives thereof, and precursors therefor |
| BR0116554A (pt) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-02-03 | Pfizer Ltd | Composto, composição farmacêutica para o tratamento da angina ou hipertensão, processo, processo para o tratamento ou prevenção da angina ou hipertensão, composição do ingrediente farmaceuticamente ativo e composição farmacêutica para o tratamento ou prevenção da angina ou hipertensão |
| CA2501534A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | Artesian Therapeutics, Inc. | Dihydropyridine compounds having simultaneous ability to block l-type calcium channels and to inhibit phosphodiesterase type 3 activity |
| EP1975167A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | Esteve Quimica, S.A. | Acetone solvate of phthaloyl amlodipine |
| JP2010100562A (ja) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Daito Kk | アムロジピン製造中間体の精製方法 |
| CN102464608B (zh) * | 2010-11-15 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏先声药物研究有限公司 | 化合物及其作为l-型钙通道阻滞剂或/和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的应用 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4284634A (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1981-08-18 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | 1,4-Dihydropyridine derivatives, and pharmaceutical method of the same |
| DE2658183A1 (de) * | 1976-12-22 | 1978-07-06 | Bayer Ag | In 2-position substituierte 1,4- dihydropyridin-derivate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung als arzneimittel |
| US4177278A (en) * | 1977-04-05 | 1979-12-04 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | 2-Alkyleneaminodihydropyridines compounds, their production and their medicinal use |
| DE2740080A1 (de) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-15 | Bayer Ag | 2-alkylenaminodihydropyridine, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung als arzneimittel |
| US4144343A (en) * | 1978-01-04 | 1979-03-13 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Heterocycle substituted (3-loweralkylamino-2-R1 O-propoxy)pyridines |
| JPS5547656A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1980-04-04 | Dainippon Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 2-(2-substituted aminoethyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine derivative and its derivative |
| DE2844595A1 (de) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-04-30 | Bayer Ag | Acylaminodihydropyridine, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung als arzneimittel |
| SE7910521L (sv) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-06-21 | Haessle Ab | Nya 2-metyl-6-substituerade-4-(2,3-disubstituerad fenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridin-3,5-diestrar med hypotesiva egenskaper, samt forfarande for deras framstellning, och farmaceutiska beredningar innehallande desamma |
| DE3022030A1 (de) * | 1980-06-12 | 1981-12-17 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | 4-thiazol- bzw. 4-imidazol-substituierte, 1,4-dihydropyridine, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie diese enthaltende arzneimittel |
| CS228917B2 (en) * | 1981-03-14 | 1984-05-14 | Pfizer | Method of preparing substituted derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine |
| DK161312C (da) * | 1982-03-11 | 1991-12-09 | Pfizer | Analogifremgangsmaade til fremstilling af 2-aminoalkoxymethyl-4-phenyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-3,5-dicarboxylsyreestere eller syreadditionssalte deraf samt phthalimidoderivater til anvendelse som udgangsmateriale ved fremgangsmaaden |
| DE3363743D1 (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1986-07-03 | Pfizer Ltd | Dihydropyridine anti-ischaemic and antihypertensive agents |
| EP0107293A3 (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-06-06 | Pfizer Limited | Dihydropyridines |
| US4515799A (en) * | 1983-02-02 | 1985-05-07 | Pfizer Inc. | Dihydropyridine anti-ischaemic and antihypertensive agents |
-
1983
- 1983-12-16 PT PT77842A patent/PT77842B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-16 PL PL1983250215A patent/PL140573B1/pl unknown
- 1983-12-16 PL PL1983245158A patent/PL140069B1/pl unknown
- 1983-12-16 US US06/562,482 patent/US4572908A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-12-19 EP EP83307719A patent/EP0116769B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-19 AT AT83307719T patent/ATE26114T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-19 NO NO834689A patent/NO159272C/no unknown
- 1983-12-19 ES ES528157A patent/ES8506633A1/es not_active Expired
- 1983-12-19 DE DE8383307719T patent/DE3370481D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-12-19 IL IL70477A patent/IL70477A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-19 PH PH30000A patent/PH20114A/en unknown
- 1983-12-19 NZ NZ206614A patent/NZ206614A/en unknown
- 1983-12-19 KR KR1019830006010A patent/KR860001921B1/ko active
- 1983-12-19 ZA ZA839381A patent/ZA839381B/xx unknown
- 1983-12-20 CS CS839668A patent/CS249516B2/cs unknown
- 1983-12-20 AU AU22559/83A patent/AU546057B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-12-20 YU YU02468/83A patent/YU246883A/xx unknown
- 1983-12-20 CA CA000443770A patent/CA1215050A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-20 HU HU834351A patent/HU193275B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-20 FI FI834692A patent/FI79104C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-20 SU SU833682597A patent/SU1296006A3/ru active
- 1983-12-20 DD DD83258248A patent/DD213920A5/de unknown
- 1983-12-20 DK DK586583A patent/DK586583A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-12-20 GR GR73290A patent/GR81351B/el unknown
- 1983-12-21 JP JP58241806A patent/JPS59118782A/ja active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-05-08 SU SU843739756A patent/SU1391499A3/ru active
- 1984-07-30 ES ES534723A patent/ES534723A0/es active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-11-11 YU YU01755/85A patent/YU175585A/xx unknown
-
1986
- 1986-02-14 US US06/830,384 patent/US4670449A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-14 US US06/830,292 patent/US4661485A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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