JP6992068B2 - 抗ctla-4抗体およびそれらの使用方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2016年12月7日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/431,272号の利益を主張し、これは、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
(a)CDRH1が、SYSMN(配列番号10)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
(b)CDRH2が、SISSSSSYIYYAXSVKG(配列番号18)のアミノ酸配列を含み、式中、Xが、EまたはDであり、
(c)CDRH3が、VGLXGPFDI(配列番号19)のアミノ酸配列を含み、式中、Xが、FまたはMであり、
(d)CDRL1が、RASQSVSRYLG(配列番号15)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
(e)CDRL2が、GASTRAT(配列番号16)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
(f)CDRL3が、QQYGSSPWT(配列番号17)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
抗体のCDRH1、CDRH2、およびCDRH3配列がそれぞれ、配列番号10、11、および13ではない、単離された抗体を提供する。
(a)CDRH1が、SYSMN(配列番号10)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
(b)CDRH2が、SISSSSSYIYYAXSVKG(配列番号18)のアミノ酸配列を含み、式中、Xが、EまたはDであり、
(c)CDRH3が、VGLXGPFDI(配列番号19)のアミノ酸配列を含み、式中、Xが、FまたはMであり、
(d)CDRL1が、RASQSVSRYLG(配列番号15)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
(e)CDRL2が、GASTRAT(配列番号16)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
(f)CDRL3が、QQYGSSPWT(配列番号17)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
抗体のCDRH1、CDRH2、およびCDRH3配列がそれぞれ、配列番号10、11、および13ではない、単離された抗体を提供する。
本明細書で使用される場合、「約」および「およそ」という用語は、数値または数値範囲を修飾するために使用される場合、その値または範囲を5%~10%上回り(例えば、最大5%~10%上回り)、かつ5%~10%下回る(例えば、最大5%~10%下回る)偏差が、列挙される値または範囲の意図される意味に留まることを示す。
一態様では、本開示は、CTLA-4(例えば、ヒトCTLA-4)に特異的に結合し、CTLA-4機能をアンタゴナイズする、抗体を提供する。例示的な抗体のアミノ酸配列を、本明細書の表1~4に示す。
(a)CDRH1は、SYSMN(配列番号10)のアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ/または
(b)CDRH2は、SISSSSSYIYYAXSVKG(配列番号18)のアミノ酸配列を含み、式中、Xが、EもしくはDであり、かつ/または
(c)CDRH3は、VGLXGPFDI(配列番号19)のアミノ酸配列を含み、式中、Xが、FもしくはMであり、かつ/または
(d)CDRL1は、RASQSVSRYLG(配列番号15)のアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ/または
(e)CDRL2は、GASTRAT(配列番号16)のアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ/または
(f)CDRL3は、QQYGSSPWT(配列番号17)のアミノ酸配列を含み、
を含み、抗体のCDRH1、CDRH2、およびCDRH3配列はそれぞれ、配列番号10、11、および13ではない。
生理学的に許容される担体、賦形剤、または安定剤中で所望の純度を有する本明細書に記載の抗CTLA-4抗体を含む組成物が本明細書に提供される(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences(1990)Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)。許容される担体、賦形剤、または安定剤は、用いられる投薬量および濃度で受容者に対して非毒性であり、これらには、リン酸、クエン酸、および他の有機酸などの緩衝液;アスコルビン酸およびメチオニンを含む抗酸化剤;保存剤(塩化オクタデシルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム;塩化ヘキサメトニウム;塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム;フェノール、ブチル、もしくはベンジルアルコール;メチルもしくはプロピルパラベンなどのアルキルパラベン;カテコール;レゾルシノール;シクロヘキサノール;3-ペンタノール;およびm-クレゾールなど);低分子量(約10未満の残基)ポリペプチド;血清アルブミン、ゼラチン、もしくは免疫グロブリンなどのタンパク質;ポリビニルピロリドンなどの親水性ポリマー;グリシン、グルタミン、アスパラギン、ヒスチジン、アルギニン、もしくはリジンなどのアミノ酸;グルコース、マンノース、もしくはデキストリンを含む単糖類、二糖類、および他の炭水化物;EDTAなどのキレート剤;スクロース、マンニトール、トレハロース、もしくはソルビトールなどの糖類;ナトリウムなどの塩形成対イオン;金属錯体(例えば、Zn-タンパク質錯体);ならびに/またはTWEEN(商標)、PLURONICS(商標)、もしくはポリエチレングリコール(PEG)などの非イオン界面活性剤が含まれる。
別の態様では、本開示は、本明細書に記載の抗CTLA-4抗体を使用して対象を治療する方法を提供する。本明細書に記載の抗CTLA-4抗体を使用して、CTLA-4機能の阻害から利益を得るであろう対象における任意の疾患または障害を治療することができる。本明細書に記載の抗CTLA-4抗体は、腫瘍に対する免疫系耐性を阻害するのに特に有用であり、したがって、がんを有する対象のための免疫療法として使用することができる。例えば、特定の実施形態では、本開示は、対象における抗原に応答したT細胞活性化を増加させる方法であって、対象に有効量の本明細書に記載の抗CTLA-4抗体またはその薬学的組成物を投与することを含む、方法を提供する。特定の実施形態では、本開示は、対象におけるがんを治療する方法であって、対象に有効量の本明細書に記載の抗体または薬学的組成物を投与することを含む、方法を提供する。
別の態様では、CTLA-4(例えば、ヒトCTLA-4)抗原に特異的に結合する本明細書に記載の抗体またはその断片(例えば、軽鎖可変領域および/または重鎖可変領域)をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、ならびにベクター、例えば、宿主細胞(例えば、E.coliおよび哺乳動物細胞)内での組み換え発現のためのそのようなポリヌクレオチドを含むベクターが本明細書に提供される。本明細書に提供される抗体のいずれかをコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、ならびにそのようなポリヌクレオチド配列を含むベクター、例えば、宿主細胞、例えば、哺乳動物細胞内でのそれらの効率的な発現のための発現ベクターが本明細書に提供される。
6.6 キット
この実施例は、ヒトCTLA-4に結合するマウス抗体の特徴付けを説明する。具体的には、この実施例は、ヒトCTLA-4に特異的に結合し、CTLA-4の機能を阻害する抗体の特徴付けを説明する。これらの抗体の可変領域の配列情報を、表4に提供する。全ての抗体を、IgG1抗体として発現させ、以下に記載のアッセイにおいて分析した。
ヒトCTLA-4を構成的に発現するように操作したJurkat細胞(Promega)を使用して、抗CTLA-4抗体の結合を分析した。簡潔には、96ウェルプレート中、2μg/mlの抗体を使用して、5×105個の細胞/ウェルで4℃で30分間細胞を染色した。細胞を2回洗浄し、抗ヒトIgG二次抗体(Thermo Scientific、カタログ番号31529)とともに4℃で20分間インキュベートした。細胞を洗浄し、PBS中に調製した50μlの2%のパラホルムアルデヒド(Alfa Aesar、カタログ番号43368)中に懸濁させた。データをBD FACS Canto IIで収集した。
ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシンA(SEA)刺激後に、初代ヒトPBMCに対する抗CTLA-4抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1)の機能的活性を評価した。簡潔には、凍結保存したPBMCを、10μg/mlの抗CTLA-4抗体またはアイソタイプ対照抗体(IgG1)の不在下または存在下で100ng/mlのSEA超抗原(Toxin Technologies、カタログ番号at101red)で、37℃および5%のCO2で5日間刺激した。培養上清中のIL-2濃度をAlphaLISA(Perkin Elmer、カタログ番号AL221F)によって分析した。
次に、IL-2-ルシフェラーゼレポーターアッセイを使用して、抗CTLA-4抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1)の機能的活性を更に分析した。簡潔には、CD3およびCD28を内在的に発現するヒトT細胞株(Jurkat)を操作して、IL-2プロモーターによって駆動されて細胞表面CTLA-4およびルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子を構成的に発現するようにした。Jurkatレポーター細胞株を、CD80およびCD86を内在的に発現する抗原提示細胞株(Raji)とともに共培養し、専売T細胞活性化剤(Promega)を発現するように操作した。T細胞受容体(TCR)トリガー(シグナル1)は、T細胞活性化剤によって達成され、共刺激シグナル伝達(シグナル2)は、Raji細胞上で発現されるCD80およびCD86によってトランスで提供された。Jurkat T細胞株内のTCRシグナル伝達は、IL-2発現を引き起こし、T細胞活性化の代替マーカーであるルシフェラーゼ産生をもたらした。これら2つの細胞株の共培養は、(Jurkat細胞上に発現される)阻害性共受容体CTLA-4と、T細胞活性化を阻害する(Raji細胞上に発現される)その天然リガンドCD80およびCD86との関与をもたらし、これは、ルシフェラーゼ発現の欠如を実証した。この阻害は、増加する濃度の抗CTLA-4遮断抗体の添加時に軽減された。Bio-Glo(商標)試薬を使用して、ルシフェラーゼ発現を定量化し、結果として生じるデータを使用して、アイソタイプ対照抗体(IgG1))と比較した反応倍率値(AGEN1884.H3(IgG1)での増加倍率)を決定した。
抗CTLA-4抗体がCTLA-4に共関与し、活性化Fcガンマ受容体を介してシグナル伝達する能力を、Fcガンマ受容体IIIA(FcγRIIIA)(Promega)を発現するレポーター細胞株を使用して評価した。簡潔には、Jurkat細胞を操作して、細胞表面上にヒトCTLA-4を構成的に発現するようにした。これらの標的細胞を、ホタルルシフェラーゼの発現を駆動するNFAT応答配列(RE)の上流でFcγRIIIA(V158バリアント)を発現するように操作したエフェクター細胞株(Jurkat)とともに共培養した。漸増用量のAGEN1884.H3(IgG1)またはアイソタイプ対照抗体(IgG1)を共培養物に添加し、37℃で一晩インキュベートした。標的細胞株(Fab領域によるCTLA-4への結合)およびエフェクター細胞株(Fc領域によるFcγRIIIAへの結合)によるAGEN1884.H3の同時関与は、NFAT REレポーター遺伝子活性化およびルシフェラーゼ発現を引き起こす。翌日、Bio-Glo試薬(Promega)を共培養物に添加し、EnVison Multimodeプレートリーダー(Perkin Elmer)によって蛍光を測定し、相対光単位(RLU)を記録して、反応倍率値(アイソタイプ対照抗体(IgG1)と比較したAGEN1884.H3(IgG1)での増加倍率)を計算した。
この実施例は、抗CTLA-4抗体の機能的活性に対するFc/Fc受容体相互作用の影響を分析する。AGEN1884.H3を、IgG1 Fc領域がEU番号付けシステムに従って番号付けされたS239D/I332E、S239D/A330L/I332E、またはL235V/F243L/R292P/Y300L/P396L変異を含む抗体として発現させ、以下に記載の機能的アッセイにおいて試験した。抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1 S239D/I332E)は、配列番号24のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖と、配列番号27のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖とを含む。抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1 S239D/A330L/I332E)は、配列番号25のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖と、配列番号27のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖とを含む。抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1 L235V/F243L/R292P/Y300L/P396L)は、配列番号26のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖と、配列番号27のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖とを含む。比較のために、AGEN1884を、野生型IgG1抗体、EU番号付けシステムに従って番号付けされたS239D/I332EもしくはS239D/A330L/I332E変異を含むIgG1抗体、または脱フコシル化IgG1抗体としても発現させ、いくつかの機能的アッセイにおいて試験した。
抗CTLA-4抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1 S239D/I332E)、AGEN1884.H3(IgG1 S239D/A330L/I332E)、およびAGEN1884.H3(IgG1 L235V/F243L/R292P/Y300L/P396L)の、CTLA-4発現細胞への結合を、上記と同様に特徴付けた。簡潔には、ヒトCTLA-4を構成的に発現するように操作したJurkat細胞(Promega)をまず、5μg/mlの抗CTLA-4抗体またはアイソタイプ対照抗体で染色し、その後抗ヒトIgG二次抗体(Thermo Scientific、カタログ番号31529)で染色した。BD FACS Canto IIを使用して、細胞を分析した。
この実施例では、Fcバリアント抗CTLA-4抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1-S239D/A330E/I332E)が、ヒトCTLA-4とそのリガンド(CD80およびCD86)との間の結合を遮断する能力を試験した。
この実施例では、上記のSEA刺激アッセイを使用して、抗CTLA-4抗体の機能的活性に対するFc領域の影響を分析した。簡潔には、ヒトPBMCを、異なるFc領域を有する抗CTLA-4抗体またはアイソタイプ対照抗体の不在下または存在下で100ng/mlのSEAペプチド(Toxin Technologies、カタログ番号at101red)とともにインビトロで培養した。5日後、AlphaLISA(Perkin Elmer、カタログ番号AL221F)を使用して、T細胞活性化のマーカーである培養上清中のIL-2の濃度を測定した。
この実施例では、TCR関与後にTCRに動員され、リン酸化され下流のシグナル伝達事象を促進する、タンパク質チロシンキナーゼZAP70のリン酸化の程度を測定するアッセイを使用して、T細胞抗原提示細胞(APC)シナプスにおける抗CTLA-4抗体の機能的活性に対するFc領域の影響を分析した。
この実施例では、結腸癌のマウスモデル(CT26腫瘍担持マウス)を使用して、抗CTLA-4抗体の抗腫瘍および腫瘍内制御性T細胞(Treg)枯渇活性に対するFc領域の影響を分析した。
この実施例では、HPV+TC-1同系腫瘍マウスモデルにおいて、マウス抗CTLA-4抗体とHPV腫瘍ワクチンとの組み合わせの、腫瘍成長に対する効果を試験した。
この実施例では、増殖させ、活性化したT細胞集団を、遺伝子発現およびCpGメチル化について特徴付けた。簡潔には、天然CD4+CD25+FOXP3+制御性T細胞またはCD4+CD25+/-FOXP3-非制御性T細胞を健康なヒトドナーの末梢血から単離し、増殖させ、活性化した。その後、T細胞を、フローサイトメトリーによってFOXP3およびCTLA-4の発現について特徴付け、FOXP3およびCTLA4遺伝子座内のCpG領域でのDNA CpGメチル化を試験することによって系列安定性について評価した。当該技術分野において既知であるように、これらのCpG部位での低メチル化を使用して、エフェクター系列対制御性T細胞系列を正確に描写することができる(Waight et al.,2015,J.Immunol.194(3):878-882)。
この実施例では、カスパーゼ3/7活性化のハイコンテンツ顕微鏡観察を使用して、ADCC活性を定量化して、ヒトCTLA-4発現T細胞の抗体依存性細胞傷害性(ADCC)に対する抗CTLA-4抗体AGEN1884.H3(IgG1)またはそのFcバリアントの効果を評価した。
この実施例では、初代ヒトT細胞機能に対する、抗PD-1抗体と組み合わせた抗CTLA-4抗体の効果を試験した。
AGEN1884(AGEN1884-Fab)のFab断片と、ヒトCTLA-4の細胞外ドメインとの相互作用を、水素-重水素交換(HDX)質量分析によって研究した。CTLA-4細胞外ドメイン単独、またはリン酸緩衝食塩水溶液(pH7.4)中でのAGEN1884-Fabとの組み合わせを、10倍の体積の重水標識緩衝液で希釈し、室温で異なる時間(0、60、300、1800、および7200秒間)にわたってインキュベートした。1体積の4Mの塩酸グアニジン、0.85MのTCEP(トリス(2-カルボキシエチル)ホスフィン)緩衝液を添加することによって重水素と水素との交換を停止させ、最終pHは2.5であった。その後、試料を、オンカラムペプシン/プロテアーゼXIII型消化およびLC-MS分析に供した。質量スペクトルを、MSのみモードにおいて記録した。重水素組み込みの計算のために、所与のペプチドの質量スペクトルを、抽出したイオンクロマトグラムピークにわたって組み合わせ、加重平均m/zを計算した。天然ペプチド(0分)の質量から加重平均した質量への質量増加は、重水素組み込みのレベルに対応する。全てのペプチドの交換時間にわたる重水素蓄積曲線を、更なる分析のためにプロットし、HDExaminerソフトウェアで比較した。
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Claims (26)
- ヒトCTLA-4タンパク質に特異的に結合する単離された抗体であって、前記抗体が、それぞれ配列番号10、12及び14のアミノ酸配列であるCDRH1、CDRH2、およびCDRH3を含む重鎖可変領域、ならびにそれぞれ配列番号15、16及び17のアミノ酸配列であるCDRL1、CDRL2、およびCDRL3を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、単離された抗体。
- 前記重鎖可変領域が配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 前記軽鎖可変領域が配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- EU番号付けシステムに従って番号付けされたS239D/A330L/I332E変異を含むヒトIgG 1 重鎖定常領域を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号30のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖定常領域を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号25のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号32のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖定常領域を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号27のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体。
- ヒトCTLA-4タンパク質に特異的に結合する単離された抗体であって、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域及び配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、単離された抗体。
- EU番号付けシステムに従って番号付けされたS239D/A330L/I332E変異を含むヒトIgG 1 重鎖定常領域を含む、請求項9に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号30のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖定常領域を含む、請求項9に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号25のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖を含む、請求項9に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号32のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖定常領域を含む、請求項9に記載の単離された抗体。
- 配列番号27のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖を含む、請求項9に記載の単離された抗体。
- ヒトCTLA-4タンパク質に特異的に結合する単離された抗体であって、配列番号25のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖及び配列番号27のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖を含む、単離された抗体。
- 前記重鎖のアミノ酸配列が配列番号25のアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項15に記載の単離された抗体。
- 前記軽鎖のアミノ酸配列が配列番号27のアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項15に記載の単離された抗体。
- 前記重鎖のアミノ酸配列が配列番号25のアミノ酸配列からなり、前記軽鎖のアミノ酸配列が配列番号27のアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項15に記載の単離された抗体。
- 請求項1に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項9に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項10に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項15に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項16に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項17に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項18に記載の抗体及び薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
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