JP6438769B2 - 多数開口超音波を用いた物質の硬度の決定 - Google Patents
多数開口超音波を用いた物質の硬度の決定 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、引用により本明細書中に組み込まれている、2012年2月21日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/601,482号の利益を請求するものである。
本明細書で言及される全ての刊行物及び特許出願は、それぞれの刊行物及び特許出願が引用により明確かつ個別に本明細書中に組み込まれると示されたかのように、引用により本明細書中に組み込まれるものとする。
本開示は、一般に、多数開口超音波プローブを用いて超音波せん断波を発生させてかつ追跡する、物質の硬度を決定するイメージング法及び装置に関する。
組織の硬度の変化は、昔から疾患に関連付けられている。従来、触診は、組織の病態を検出して特徴付ける主な方法の1つである。器官内の硬い塊は、異常のサインである場合が多いことは周知の通りである。組織の硬度の非侵襲的な特徴付けを行うために、近年、いくつかの診断イメージング技術が開発された。
多数開口超音波イメージング(MAUI)プローブを用いたエラストグラフィの実施は、従来のシステム及び方法に対してユニークな利点を提供する。例えば、一実施態様では、画像フレームにおける摂動として伝播せん断波を検出するために、多数開口プローブの高分解能と高フレームレートイメージング性能とを組み合わせることができる。他の実施態様では、多数開口ドップラーイメージング技術を使用して、伝播せん断波の速度を決定することができる。一部の実施態様では、これらの技術の一方又は両方は、画素ベースイメージング技術及び点源送信技術からさらなる恩恵を受け得る。
本発明の新規な特徴は、以下の添付の特許請求の範囲に詳細に記載される。本発明の特徴及び利点は、本発明の原理が利用されている例示的な実施態様を説明する以下の詳細な説明及び添付の図面を参照すれば、より良く理解できるであろう。
添付の図面を参照して様々な実施態様を詳細に説明する。特定の例及び実施についての言及は、例示目的であり、本発明の範囲又は特許請求の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。
本明細書で使用される「超音波トランスデューサ」及び「トランスデューサ」という語は、超音波イメージング技術の分野の技術者が理解する通常の意味を有し得、限定されるものではないが、電気信号を超音波信号に変換し、かつ/又は逆も同様に行うことができる任意の単一構成要素を意味し得る。例えば、一部の実施態様では、超音波トランスデューサは、圧電素子を含み得る。一部の代替の実施態様では、超音波トランスデューサは、容量性微細加工超音波小トランスデューサ(CMUT)を含み得る。
E=3ρc2
式中、cはせん断波の伝播速度であり、Eはヤング率であり、ρは組織の密度である。組織の密度は、殆ど変化しない傾向にあり、速度の項を二乗するため、弾性率は、近似密度値を仮定して、せん断波の伝播速度のみを測定することによって計算することができる。場合によっては、仮定密度値は、イメージングされる組織についての既知の情報、例えば、既知の器官の組織についての密度の近似範囲によって異なり得る。例えば、肝組織は、約1.05 kg/lの密度を有し得、心組織は約1.03 kg/lであり得、骨格筋組織は約1.04 kg/lであり得る。組織の弾性率の変化は、様々な疾患状態に関連することが知られている。従って、癌又は他の病的状態を、組織を通るせん断波の伝播速度を測定することによって組織で検出することができる。
スキャンラインベース超音波イメージングシステムのフレームレートは、1フレーム当たりのスキャンライン数によって除されたパルス繰り返し周波数(PRF、画像化される媒質中での超音波の往復時間によって制限される)である。典型的なスキャンラインベース超音波イメージングシステムは、1フレーム当たり約64〜約192のスキャンラインを使用し、1秒当たり僅か約50フレームの典型的なフレームレートとなる。
プローブの構造にかかわらず、initアレイ12の実施態様は、約1 MHz〜約10 MHzの周波数のせん断波開始超音波パルスを送信するように構成することができる。他の実施態様では、initアレイ12は、最大約18 MHz以上の周波数のせん断波開始超音波パルスを送信するように構成することができる。一部の実施態様では、initパルスを発生させる超音波周波数は、イメージングに使用される超音波周波数の約半分とすることができる。材料及び構造によって、単一トランスデューサアレイは、initパルス用の低い周波数の超音波パルス及びイメージング用の比較的高い周波数の超音波パルスの両方を発生させることができる。しかしながら、一部の実施態様では、比較的狭い周波数用に最適化されたトランスデューサを使用して、initパルス又はイメージングパルスのより効率的な制御を可能にするのが望ましいであろう。
図1に戻り、せん断波伝播の一例を説明する。せん断波は、多数開口エラストグラフィプローブ10(又は任意の他の適切に構成されたエラストグラフィプローブ)からのinitパルスから目的の領域50で開始することができる。上記のように、initパルスは、initトランスデューサアレイ12から目的の領域に少なくとも所望の深さまで延びた線22に沿って集束させることができる。一部の実施態様では、線22は、initトランスデューサアレイ12に対して垂直とすることができる。init線22に沿って送信される開始パルス52は、画像平面内の線22から外側に伝播する波面56を発生させる傾向にある。initパルスによって発生する伝播波面56は、組織を伝播の方向に押圧する。弾性媒質、例えば、ヒト組織は、復元力によってこの押圧に応答し、これにより、線22から組織を横断するように伝播するせん断波を含む力学的な波が発生する。
上記のシステム及び方法の様々な実施態様は、イメージングセッション中にデジタル化されたエコー波形を保存するように構成された超音波イメージングシステムを用いることによってさらに向上させることができる。次に、このようなデジタルエコーデータは、イメージングシステム上もしくは独立したコンピュータ上で、又はエコーデータをビーム形成し、処理して画像を形成するように構成された他のワークステーションで処理することができる。一部の実施態様では、このようなワークステーション装置は、上記の任意の技術を用いてエコーデータを動的にビーム形成して処理するソフトウェアを備えた任意のデジタル処理システムを備えることができる。例えば、このような処理は、超音波信号の送受信に使用される超音波イメージングシステムから完全に独立したデータ処理ハードウェアを用いて行うことができる。このような代替の処理ハードウェアとして、デスクトップコンピュータ、タブレット型コンピュータ、ラップトップコンピュータ、スマートフォン、サーバー、又は任意の他の汎用データ処理ハードウェアを挙げることができる。
本件出願は、以下の構成の発明を提供する。
[構成1]
目的の領域で伝播せん断波を発生させる波面を送信するように構成された第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイ;
該目的の領域に円形波形を送信し、該円形波形のエコーを受信するように構成された第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイ;及び
該伝播せん断波を該目的の領域で検出するのに十分なフレームレートで該円形波形から該目的の領域の複数のBモード画像を形成するように構成された信号プロセッサを備える、超音波イメージングシステム。
[構成2]
前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが、フェーズドアレイ素子のアレイを含む、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成3]
前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが、圧電リングの環状アレイを含み、前記信号プロセッサが、位相遅延を調整することによって様々な深さに前記波面を集束させるようにさらに構成されている、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成4]
前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが切り替え型リングトランスデューサを備える、構成3記載のシステム。
[構成5]
前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが単一圧電トランスデューサを備える、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成6]
前記フレームレートが少なくとも500 fpsである、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成7]
前記フレームレートが少なくとも1,000 fpsである、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成8]
前記フレームレートが少なくとも2,000 fpsである、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成9]
前記フレームレートが少なくとも4,000 fpsである、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成10]
前記信号プロセッサが、前記複数のBモード画像の第1のフレームにおける前記せん断波の第1の位置を特定し、前記複数のBモード画像の第2のフレームにおける前記せん断波の第2の位置を特定し、前記第1のフレームと前記第2のフレームとの間で前記せん断波が移動した距離を決定し、前記第1のフレームと前記第2のフレームとの間で経過した時間を決定し、そして該移動距離を該経過時間で除すことによって前記伝播せん断波の速度を計算するようにさらに構成されている、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成11]
前記第1のフレームが、前記第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイの多数の素子によって受信されたエコーによって形成されるサブ画像の組み合わせの結果である、構成10記載のシステム。
[構成12]
前記信号プロセッサが、前記目的の領域を移動するポイントクラウドとして前記伝播せん断波を識別するように構成されている、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成13]
前記信号プロセッサが、ズーミング、パニング、及び深さ選択の組み合わせを用いて前記目的の領域の部分を識別する画像ウィンドウを定義するように構成されている、構成1記載のシステム。
[構成14]
選択された画像ウィンドウの同時Bモード画像を表示するように構成されている、構成13に記載のシステム。
[構成15]
超音波を用いて組織の硬度を決定する方法であって、
超音波イメージングシステムを用いて目的の領域のベースライン画像を形成するステップ;
伝播せん断波を該目的の領域に発生させるように構成された超音波パルスを送信するステップ;
該伝播せん断波を検出して該目的の領域の複数の画像フレームを形成するのに十分なフレームレートで該目的の領域を画像化するステップ;
少なくとも2つの該形成された画像フレームから該ベースライン画像を差し引いて少なくとも2つの差分フレームを得るステップ;
該少なくとも2つの差分フレームにおける該伝播せん断波の位置を決定するステップ;及び
該少なくとも2つの差分フレームにおける該位置から、該目的の領域における該伝播せん断波の伝播速度を計算するステップを含む、前記方法。
[構成16]
前記目的の領域の組織の硬度を前記伝播速度から計算するステップをさらに含む、構成15記載の方法。
[構成17]
前記送信するステップが、第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイを用いて超音波パルスを送信するステップを含み、前記画像化するステップが、第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイを用いて前記目的の領域を画像化するステップを含む、構成15記載の方法。
[構成18]
前記形成するステップが、第1の送信開口から円形波形を送信するステップ、及び第1の受信開口でエコーを受信するステップを含む、構成15記載の方法。
[構成19]
前記画像化するステップが、前記第1の送信開口から円形波形を送信するステップ、及び前記第1の受信開口で該円形波形のエコーを受信するステップを含む、構成18記載の方法。
[構成20]
前記第1の送信開口及び前記第1の受信開口が、重複トランスデューサ素子を備えていない、構成19記載の方法。
[構成21]
前記フレームレートが少なくとも500 fpsである、構成15記載の方法。
[構成22]
前記伝播せん断波を、前記目的の領域を移動するポイントクラウドとして識別するステップをさらに含む、構成15記載の方法。
[構成23]
伝播せん断波を発生させるように構成された前記超音波パルスの送信方向を示す線を含む、前記目的の領域の同時画像を表示するステップをさらに含む、構成15記載の方法。
Claims (14)
- 目的の領域で伝播せん断波を発生させる波面を送信するように構成された第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイ;
該目的の領域に円形波形を送信し、該円形波形のエコーを受信するように構成された第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイ;
該円形波形のエコーを受信するように構成された第3の超音波トランスデューサアレイ;及び
該伝播せん断波を該目的の領域で検出するのに十分なフレームレートで、該第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイ及び該第3の超音波トランスデューサアレイによって受信された該円形波形から該目的の領域の複数のBモード画像を形成するように構成された信号プロセッサを備え、
該第1、第2及び第3の超音波トランスデューサアレイは、それぞれ別個のものであり、
該第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイは、該第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイと該第3の超音波トランスデューサアレイの間に配置されている
ことを特徴とする、超音波イメージングシステム。 - 前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが、フェーズドアレイ素子のアレイを含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが、圧電リングの環状アレイを含み、前記信号プロセッサが、位相遅延を調整することによって様々な深さに前記波面を集束させるようにさらに構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが切り替え型リングトランスデューサを備える、請求項3記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の超音波トランスデューサアレイが単一圧電トランスデューサを備える、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記フレームレートが少なくとも500 fpsである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記フレームレートが少なくとも1,000 fpsである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記フレームレートが少なくとも2,000 fpsである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記フレームレートが少なくとも4,000 fpsである、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記信号プロセッサが、前記複数のBモード画像の第1のフレームにおける前記せん断波の第1の位置を特定し、前記複数のBモード画像の第2のフレームにおける前記せん断波の第2の位置を特定し、前記第1のフレームと前記第2のフレームとの間で前記せん断波が移動した距離を決定し、前記第1のフレームと前記第2のフレームとの間で経過した時間を決定し、そして該移動距離を該経過時間で除すことによって前記伝播せん断波の速度を計算するようにさらに構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のフレームが、前記第2の超音波トランスデューサアレイ及び前記第3の超音波トランスデューサアレイの多数の素子によって受信されたエコーによって形成されるサブ画像の組み合わせの結果である、請求項10記載のシステム。
- 前記信号プロセッサが、前記目的の領域を移動するポイントクラウドとして前記伝播せん断波を識別するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記信号プロセッサが、ズーミング、パニング、及び深さ選択の組み合わせを用いて前記目的の領域の部分を識別する画像ウィンドウを定義するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 選択された画像ウィンドウの同時Bモード画像を表示するように構成されている、請求項13に記載のシステム。
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US9883848B2 (en) | 2013-09-13 | 2018-02-06 | Maui Imaging, Inc. | Ultrasound imaging using apparent point-source transmit transducer |
KR102681141B1 (ko) | 2015-03-30 | 2024-07-02 | 마우이 이미징, 인코포레이티드 | 오브젝트 모션을 검출하기 위한 초음파 이미징 시스템들 및 방법들 |
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CN107028623B (zh) | 2020-09-01 |
US9339256B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
US10675000B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 |
CN104135937B (zh) | 2017-03-29 |
US11944500B2 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
CN104135937A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2816958B1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
US20200297320A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
CN107028623A (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
EP2816958A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
EP2816958A4 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
US20130218012A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
HK1202038A1 (en) | 2015-09-18 |
US20160256134A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
JP2015508012A (ja) | 2015-03-16 |
KR102134763B1 (ko) | 2020-07-16 |
WO2013126559A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
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