JP6220044B2 - 腎神経アブレーションのための医療用デバイス - Google Patents
腎神経アブレーションのための医療用デバイス Download PDFInfo
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Description
全ての数値は本願明細書では、明確に示されているかどうかに拘わらず、「約」という用語によって変更されるものと考えられる。「約」という用語は普通、当業者が言及した値と同等である(すなわち、同じ機能および結果を有する)と考える数の範囲のことを言う。多くの例では、「約」という用語は、最も近い有効数字に四捨五入された数字を含み得る。
本願明細書および添付の特許請求の範囲で使用されるように、単数形「a」、「an」、および「the」は、内容が明らかにそうでないと示していない限り、複数の指示対象を含む。本願明細書および添付の特許請求の範囲で示されるように、「または」という用語は普通、内容が明らかにそうでないと示していない限り、「および/または」を含む意味で利用される。
(システム概要)
図1Aは、身体通路内で治療を行うシステム100を示している。システム100は、制御ユニット110を備えている。制御ユニット110は、カテーテル・デバイス120にRFエネルギーを運搬するためのRF発生器を備えることができる。本願明細書に開示された実施形態で使用可能な例示的な制御ユニットおよび関連エネルギー運搬方法は、本願明細書に援用する、同一譲受人の米国特許出願公開第2012/0095461号に開示されている。本願明細書に開示された実施形態で使用可能な別の例は、同一譲受人の「アテロームおよび他の対象組織および/または構造の選択的治療用同調RFエネルギー(Tuned RF Energy for Selective Treatment of Atheroma and Other Target Tissues and/or Structures)」という名称の米国特許第7,742,795号、「アテローム性物質の選択可能偏心リモデリングおよび/またはアブレーション(selectable Eccentric Remodeling and/or Ablation of Atherosclerotic Material)」という名称の米国特許第7,291,146号、および「身体組織上の望ましい温度効果を誘導するシステム(System for Inducing Desirable Temperature Effects on Body Tissue)」という名称の米国特許出願公開第2008/0188912号に開示されており、その全体の開示を本願明細書に援用する。いくつかの実施形態では、特に単極エネルギー運搬を利用するいくつかの実施形態では、システムはまた、カテーテル・デバイスに関連し得る接地/共通電極、制御ユニット110に電気結合された、あるいはシステム100に関連する別個のパッドを備えることもできる。
(拡張可能デバイスおよび電極アセンブリ)
再び図1Aを参照すると、カテーテル・デバイス120は、対応、非対応、または半対応バルーンである可能性がある拡張可能デバイス130を備え得る。拡張可能デバイス130は、制御ユニット110に電気結合された複数の電極アセンブリを備える。このような電極アセンブリは、単極または双極であるように電気的に構成することができ、さらに、感熱能力を有する。
(a.重複および非重複治療区域)
再び図1Bを参照すると、治療区域A〜Dは、長手軸L−Lに沿って互いに長手方向に隣接しており、電極アセンブリによって加えられるエネルギーが重複しない治療を作り出すように構成することができる。長手方向に隣接した双極電極アセンブリ140a〜140dによって加えられた治療は、長手軸L−Lに沿って周方向に非連続である。例えば、図1Cを参照すると、治療区域Aに作り出された損傷は、いくつかの実施形態では、治療区域Bに作り出された損傷との(この図でL−Lに対して横方向に)周面周りでの重複を最小限に抑えることができる。
(b.電極アセンブリ構造)
再び図1Cを参照すると、各電極パッド・アセンブリは、遠位電極パッド150a〜150dで、中間尾部160a〜160dで、近接電極パッド170a〜170d、および近接尾部180b、180d(電極パッド・アセンブリ140bおよび140cでは図示せず)である、4つの主な要素を含む。電極アセンブリ140a〜140dの構造的詳細は、図2A〜図2Cを参照して図示および記載されている。
電極アセンブリ200に考えられる寸法および/または形状のいくつかが、図54〜図56に示されている。寸法および/または形状は単に例示的ものであり、変化することがある。
図2Aの接地トレース210および活性電極トレース212は、同様の構成を共有する。活性電極トレース212はまた、細長い電極支持体216を備えている。
図5Cは、電極アセンブリ500と同様に構成されているが、電極パッド512およびより多くの電極上により相対的な電極表面積を有する電極アセンブリ510を示している。
図5Eは、電極アセンブリ500と同様に構成されているが、電極パッド516およびより少ない電極518上にあまり相対的ではない電極表面積を有する電極アセンブリ514を示している。電極パッド516はまた、電極と同じ側に取り付けられた2つの感熱デバイス520を組み込む。
図2から図5Fの電極アセンブリは、双極または単極構成で使用することができる。図5Gから図5Iは、単極電極構成の追加の例を示している。図5Gでは、温度センサ532の両側に単極電極530の2つの平行アレイがある。図5Gでは、単極電極530の各アレイは、その独自の別個のトレースを有し、温度センサ532もその独自の別個のトレースを有する。しかし、他の実施形態では、特定のフレックス回路アセンブリ上の単極電極530の全ては単一の活性トレースを共有し、温度センサの2つのトレースの1つも共有することができるが、他の実施形態では、温度センサ用の電力および接地トレースは、1つまたは複数の単極トレースとは別であり得る。
(治療方法および制御システム)
(a.デバイス位置決め)
図6は、開示の1つの非限定的実施形態による、治療方法600を行うために使用されている、図1Aのシステム100を示している。ここで、制御ユニット110は図では、(複数の電極アセンブリを有する)拡張可能デバイスが、治療が必要な身体通路の部分S1に隣接して配置されるように、身体通路内に配置されたカテーテル・デバイスに動作可能に結合されている。部分S1でのカテーテル・デバイスの配置は、従来の方法により、例えば、透視下でガイドワイヤの上で行うことができる。
(b.エネルギー運搬)
必要な特定のリモデリング効果によって、制御ユニットは、1から180秒の間、約0.25から5ワット平均電力で、または約0.25から900ジュールで電極に通電する。より高いエネルギー治療を、90秒間0.5ワット、または180秒間0.25ワットなどの、より低い電力およびより長い持続時間で行うことができる。単極実施形態では、制御ユニットは、電極構成、および電極と共通接地との間の距離によって、最長5分間最大30ワットで電極に通電することができる。エネルギーは、より少ない導電損失でより局所化された領域にわたって進むので、より短い距離はより短い期間にわたってより低いエネルギーを与える。脱腎神経化で使用される例示的な実施形態では、約5ワットの治療設定で約30秒間エネルギーが運搬され、それによって、治療区域が治療中に約68℃まで加熱される。上に記したように、電力要求は、電極タイプおよび構成によって大きく左右される。普通、より幅広い電極間隙では、より多くの電力が必要であり、この場合、平均電力は5ワットより高く、合計エネルギーは45ジュールを超えることがある。同様に、より短いまたは小さい電極対を使用する場合は、平均電力を減らす必要があり、合計エネルギーは4ジュール未満になることがある。電力および持続時間は、いくつかの例では、厳しい損傷を引き起こすのに十分なのより小さく、特に、血管内の疾病組織をアブレーションするのに十分なのより小さいようにキャリブレーションされることがある。開示全体を本願明細書に援用する、スラガー(Slager)らによって、J.of Amer.Cardiol.(1985年6月)、第1382〜6ページの「放電加工によるアテローム動脈硬化性プラークの蒸発(Vaporization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Spark Erosion)」というタイトルの記事において、およびステファン・エム・フライ(Stephan M.Fry)による、「熱および崩壊血管形成術:外科医のガイド(Thermal and Disruptive Angioplasty: a Physician’s Guide)」、ストラテジック・ビジネス・デベロップメント・インコーポレイテッド(Strategic Business Development, Inc.)、1990年によって、血管内のアテローム動脈硬化性物質をアブレーションする機構が、十分記載されている。
(c.対象温度)
RFエネルギーの付加は、対象および/または側枝組織の温度を制限するように制御して、例えば、対象組織も側枝組織も不可逆熱損傷を維持するように、対象組織の加熱を制限することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、表面温度範囲は約50度から約90℃までである。穏やかな加熱では、表面温度は約50℃から約70℃までの範囲であり、より活動的な加熱では、表面温度は約70℃から約90℃までの範囲である。バルク組織温度がほとんど50℃から55℃の下のままであるように、約50℃から約70℃までの範囲の表面温度未満に側枝組織の加熱を抑制するように加熱を制限することにより、そうでなければ、狭窄、熱損傷などにつながることがある免疫反応を抑制することができる。50℃から70℃の間の比較的穏やかな表面温度は、より大きい血管管腔、および改善された血流を提供するように、治療中、治療の直後、および/または治療に対する組織の治癒反応による治療後、1時間、1日、1週間、さらには1か月より長くタンパク質結合を変性および損傷させるのに十分である場合がある。
(d.制御アルゴリズム)
図13および図14は、上に記載し、図1〜図6に示したような電気外科用デバイス、または、上に記載し、図7〜図10に示したような、対象温度プロファイル、もしくは他のプロファイルに基づく他のデバイスのエネルギー付加を制御する方法の1つの実施形態を示している。制御方法は、上でさらに詳細に説明した、または他の方法での、図1の制御ユニット110、および/または制御ソフトウェアの処理機能を使用して実行することができる。少なくともいくつかの例では、制御方法は、システムの費用、寸法および複雑性を最小限に抑えることができる、単一の出力設定(例えば、電圧)で電極または他の運搬部位のいくつかに同時に通電するために、比較的単純なロバスト・エネルギー発生器を使用しながら、デバイスの様々な治療部位で温度または(1つまたは複数の)治療パラメータを細かく調整する。制御方法は、対象温度または(1つまたは複数の)治療パラメータからの逸脱を最小限に抑え、したがって、治療のあらゆる短い時間の間にエネルギー発生器に関する需要(例えば、電圧需要)の変化を最小限に抑える。
ステップ1300で示すように、各電極は最初にオフに設定される。ステップ1302では、電極の1本が、その治療サイクルに対する一次電極として指定される。以下にさらに詳細に論じるように、治療中、指定された一次電極は、治療サイクルから治療サイクルまで(例えば、利用可能な電極全てを通るサイクル)で変化する。どの電極が一次電極として指定されるかの判断は、参照テーブルにアクセスする、またはあらゆる他の適切な機能を使用して、一次電極を識別し、治療サイクルから治療サイクルまでの一次電極の選択を変更することによって行うことができる。
ステップ1314では、通電される電極が現在、60℃より高い温度であるか判断される。68℃より高い温度であるこれらの電極は、オフに切り換えられる、あるいは、その治療サイクルで通電されるのが防止され、あるいは他の状態で上記基準を満たすこれらの電極は、ステップ1316において設定電極で通電される。したがって、別の治療サイクルが始まり、図13の制御ループは、治療が完了するまで繰り返される。いくつかの実施形態では、各治療サイクルは、前のおよび次のサイクルと非重複である(例えば、図13のステップは、次のサイクルのステップが開始する前に完全に行われる)が、他の実施形態では、サイクルは少なくともある程度重複していることもある。
(e.神経信号刺激および監視)
上に記載した実施形態の少なくともいくつかでは、または代替実施形態では、脱腎神経化治療方法およびシステムは、神経信号の刺激、および治療した腎動脈に近接する組織内の神経信号反応の監視を行う。いくつかの例では、神経活性のこのような電気記録図は、脱神経化治療の有効性の評価を行う、および/または治療を調整するためのフィードバックを行うことができる。少なくともいくつかの実施形態では、このような電気記録図は、神経活性が存在する、および/または測定した基準に対してシフト(例えば、減少)したかどうかの評価を行い、腎動脈に近接した腎組織の存在をマッピングまたは定量化する必要はない。
(小さな/分岐血管および他の通路の治療)
本明細書に記載したシステムおよびデバイスは有利には、他のエネルギー・ベース治療システムおよびデバイスが適切でない状況で使用することができる。例えば、本明細書に記載したシステムおよびデバイスの実施形態を、血管、および他のカテーテル・ベースエネルギー治療システムを使用して治療するのには小さすぎる他の通路で使用することができる。いくつかの例では、本明細書に記載したシステムおよびデバイスは、4mm未満の直径、および/または20mm未満の長さを有する腎動脈または他の血管で使用することができる。血管蛇行、および治療を受けるべきでない領域に対する治療部位への近接などの他の要因は、現在記載したシステムおよびデバイスの少なくともいくつかの実施形態に対してではないが、前のデバイスを使用した治療に対する反対の表示、あるいは適切ではないことがある。
Claims (15)
- 腎神経アブレーションのための医療用デバイスであって、
遠位領域を有するカテーテル・シャフトと、
該遠位領域に結合された拡張可能バルーンと、
該バルーンに結合されると共に、1本または複数本の電極を有する第1の電極パッドおよび同第1の電極パッドよりも近位側に配置される第1の尾部を備えた電極アセンブリとを備えており、
該電極アセンブリは、前記第1の尾部上の第1の引込縁部、前記第1の電極パッド上の第1の突出縁部、および該第1の引込縁部と該第1の突出縁部の間に配置された第1の遷移領域を含む第1の縁部を有し、
前記第1の遷移領域内に前記第1の縁部に沿って曲率が連続して変化する第1の湾曲が配置される、
医療用デバイス。 - 前記電極アセンブリは、前記第1の電極パッドよりも近位側に配置される第2の電極パッドおよび同第2の電極パッドよりも近位側に配置される第2の尾部を備えている、請求項1に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第2の電極パッドは、前記第1の電極パッドから周方向にずれている、請求項2に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記電極アセンブリは、前記第2の尾部上の第2の引込縁部、前記第2の電極パッド上の第2の突出縁部、および該第2の引込縁部と該第2の突出縁部の間に配置された第2の遷移領域を含む第2の縁部を有し、
前記第2の遷移領域内に前記第2の縁部に沿って曲率が連続して変化する第2の湾曲が配置される、
請求項2または3に記載の医療用デバイス。 - 前記第1の電極パッドは、1または複数対の双極電極を備えている、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記バルーンに結合された1つまたは複数の追加の電極アセンブリをさらに備えた、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第1の湾曲は、前記第1の遷移領域に沿って一定である第2次導関数を有する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第1の遷移領域は、前記第1の湾曲が方向を変える第1の湾曲遷移点を有し、前記第1の湾曲は、該第1の湾曲遷移点で数学的に連続した関数である第2次導関数を有する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第1の湾曲は、数学的に連続した関数によって規定される、請求項1に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第1の湾曲は、第1の数学的に連続した関数によって規定され、前記第2の湾曲は、第2の数学的に連続した関数によって規定される、請求項4に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第1の数学的に連続した関数は、前記第2の数学的に連続した関数とは異なる、請求項10に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記数学的に連続した関数は、放物線関数を含む、請求項9に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 腎神経アブレーションのための医療用デバイスであって、
遠位領域を有するカテーテル・シャフトと、
該遠位領域に結合された拡張可能バルーンと、
該バルーンの外表面に取り付けられると共に、第1の対の双極電極を有する第1の遠位電極パッド、および第2の対の双極電極を有する第1の近接電極パッドを備えた第1の電極アセンブリであって、前記第1の近接電極パッドは、前記第1の遠位電極パッドから周方向にずれている、第1の電極アセンブリと、
該バルーンの外表面に取り付けられると共に、第3の対の双極電極を有する第2の遠位電極パッド、および第4の対の双極電極を有する第2の近接電極パッドを備えた第2の電極アセンブリであって、前記第2の近接電極パッドは、前記第2の遠位電極パッドから周方向にずれている、第2の電極アセンブリと
を備えており、
前記第1および第2の電極アセンブリは、互いに固定され、
近接尾部は、該第1の近接電極パッドから近接方向に延び、
該第1の近接電極パッドは、該近接尾部と芯合わせされる、
医療用デバイス。 - 前記近接電極パッドは、前記遠位電極パッドから長手方向に間隔をおいて配置されている、請求項13に記載の医療用デバイス。
- 前記第1の近接電極パッド、前記第1の遠位電極パッド、または両方とも、第1の引込縁部、第1の突出縁部、および該第1の引込縁部と該第1の突出縁部の間に配置された第1の遷移領域を含む第1の縁部を有し、
前記第1の遷移領域内に前記第1の縁部に沿って曲率が連続して変化する第1の湾曲が配置される、請求項13に記載の医療用デバイス。
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-
2014
- 2014-03-11 EP EP14718234.9A patent/EP2967734B1/en active Active
- 2014-03-11 WO PCT/US2014/023586 patent/WO2014150553A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-11 CN CN201480027982.1A patent/CN105473090B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-11 JP JP2016501289A patent/JP6220044B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2967734B1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
CN105473090B (zh) | 2019-05-03 |
JP2016515863A (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
WO2014150553A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2967734A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
US9827039B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
CN105473090A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
US20140276789A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
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