JP6037613B2 - リチウム2次電池用電解液およびこれを含むリチウム2次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム2次電池用電解液およびこれを含むリチウム2次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6037613B2 JP6037613B2 JP2011281013A JP2011281013A JP6037613B2 JP 6037613 B2 JP6037613 B2 JP 6037613B2 JP 2011281013 A JP2011281013 A JP 2011281013A JP 2011281013 A JP2011281013 A JP 2011281013A JP 6037613 B2 JP6037613 B2 JP 6037613B2
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- lithium secondary
- chemical formula
- fluoroalkyl
- secondary battery
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 47
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- -1 fluoroalkyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 56
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(CC#N)=CNC2=C1 ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical group CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentanoic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCC(=O)OC HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043232 butyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 10
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010935 LiFOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Description
[化学式1]
Rf1−O−Rf2
(上記の化学式1で、Rf1およびRf2はそれぞれ独立的に炭素数2以上のフルオロアルキル基であり、前記フルオロアルキル基のフルオロ化率は50%ないし100%である。)
前記フルオロアルキルエーテルおよび前記フォスファゼンの難燃性物質の総量は電解液混合溶媒の全体体積に対して13ないし50体積%で含まれることができる。
[化学式4]
Rf1−O−C(=O)−O−R
(上記の化学式4で、Rf1は炭素数2ないし4のフルオロアルキル基であり、RはCH3またはC2H5である。)
[化学式1]
Rf1−O−Rf2
(上記の化学式1で、Rf1およびRf2はそれぞれ独立的に炭素数2以上のフルオロアルキル基であり、上記フルオロアルキル基のフルオロ化率は50%ないし100%である。)
[化学式4]
Rf1−O−C(=O)−O−R
(上記の化学式4で、Rf1は炭素数2ないし4のフルオロアルキル基であり、RはCH3またはC2H5である。)
陽極活物質としてLiCoO2、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)および導電剤としてカーボンを92:4:4の重量比でN−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒中で分散させて陽極活物質スラリーを製造した。この陽極活物質スラリーを厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔にコーティングし、乾燥圧延して陽極板を製造した。陰極活物質としてグラファイト、バインダーとしてスチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)および増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)を96:2:2の重量比で混合した後、水に分散させて陰極活物質スラリーを製造した。このスラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔にコーティングし、乾燥圧延して陰極板を製造した。
実施例2ないし17は、混合溶媒の組成を下記の表1で表しているように製造したことを除いては、残りの部分は上記実施例1と同様にしてリチウム2次電池を製造した。
EC:エチレンカーボネート
FEC:フルオロエチレンカーボネート、
FE:フルオロアルキルエーテル(CF2H−CF2−CH2−O−CF2−CF2H)
Pz:フォスファゼン(上記化学式2の化合物、このとき、R1−R5=F、R6=OCH2CH3)
EMC:エチルメチルカーボネート
FC:フルオロエチルメチルカーボネート(CF2H−CF2−OC(=O)O−CH3)
Ester1:エチルプロピオン酸塩(C2H5−C(=O)O−C2H5)
Ester2:プロピルアセテート(CH3−C(=O)O−C3H7)
Ester3:メチルブチレート(C3H7−C(=O)O−CH3)
Ester4:プロピルプロピオン酸塩(C2H5−C(=O)O−C3H7)
Ester5:ブチルアセテート(CH3−C(=O)O−C4H9)
Ester6:吉草酸メチル(C4H9−C(=O)O−CH3)
比較例1ないし12は、混合溶媒の組成を下記の表2で表すように製造したことを除いては、残りの部分は上記実施例1と同様にしてリチウム2次電池を製造した。
実施例1ないし17および比較例1ないし12で製造された電解液に対して、Brookfield社のLV DV−II+Pro Viscometer(cone−plate型)粘度計を利用して周辺温度が20℃で一定に維持される乾燥室で粘度を測定した。測定時軸(spindle)はS40、rpm10で、試料のローディングは1mLにした。試料を試料パンに入れて軸を回転させた後、30秒後にcP(mPa.s)値を測定した。同一試料を同一条件で2回測定した後、平均値を計算して下記の表3および4に表した。
実施例1ないし17および比較例1ないし12で製造された電解液に対して、Lloyd Instrument Ltd t/a Solartron社のインピーダンス分析システム装備を使用して周辺温度が20℃で一定に維持される乾燥室でイオン伝導度を測定した。図2に示すT−cellに試料を1.5ml入れた後、ACインピーダンスを測定してR(Ohm)値を求めた。ACインピーダンスの周波数は100Hz〜1KHzであり、AC振幅値は5mVにした。測定したR(Ohm)値を以下の数式1で計算してσ(mS/cm)を求めて、下記の表3および4に表した。
イオン伝導度(S/cm):σ=K/R(Ω)
(上記の数式1において、K=l/S=l/0.25・π・D2=1.9/0.25・3.14・0.72=4.94cm−1であり、
このとき、l(cm)は電極間距離として1.9cmであり、
D(cm)はSS電極の直径として0.7cmであり、
S(cm2)は電解液の断面積を意味する。)
実施例1ないし17および比較例1ないし12で製造されたリチウム2次電池に対して、0.5C/4.35V_3hr cutoff条件で充電した。この充電された電池に対して2.5φ規格の貫通ピンをもって5mm/s速度で貫通させ、このとき、発火がないときはOKに、発火があるときはNGに表示して、下記の表3および4に表した。
実施例1ないし17および比較例1ないし12で製造されたリチウム2次電池に対して、25℃で1C/4.2V_0.05CmA cutoff条件で10分間充電し、25℃で1C/3.1V cut−off条件で10分間放電した。この過程を300回実施した後、容量維持率(放電容量/初期容量、%)を計算して、その値が85%以上であるときはOKに、85%未満であるときはNGに表示して、下記の表3および4に表した。
実施例4、10、比較例6および7で製造されたリチウム2次電池に対して、25℃で0.5C/4.2V_0.05CmA cutoff条件で10分間充電し、25℃で0.2C/3.2V、0.5C/3.2V、0.8C/3.2V、1C/3.2V、2C/3.2V、3C/3.2V cut−off条件で10分間放電した。放電条件別に相対的な放電容量(条件別放電容量/0.2C放電容量、%)を計算して、図4に表した。
12 電極組立体
20 キャップ組立体
30 電極端子
40 キャッププレート
50 絶縁プレート
60 ターミナルプレート
70 絶縁ケース
Claims (10)
- 非水性有機溶媒、
リチウム塩、
電解液全体体積に対して10ないし40体積%のフルオロアルキルエーテル、
電解液全体体積に対して3ないし10体積%のフォスファゼン、および
電解液全体体積に対して20ないし70体積%のエステル系溶媒を含み、
前記フルオロアルキルエーテルは、下記の化学式1で表される化合物であり、
前記フォスファゼンは、下記の化学式2で表される化合物であり、
前記エステル系溶媒は、下記の化学式3で表される化合物である、
リチウム2次電池用電解液。
[化学式1]
Rf 1 −O−Rf 2
(上記の化学式1で、Rf 1 およびRf 2 はそれぞれ独立的に炭素数2以上のフルオロアルキル基であり、前記フルオロアルキル基のフルオロ化率は50%ないし100%である。)
- 前記化学式3において、R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立的にアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム2次電池用電解液。
- 前記エステル系溶媒がメチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、ブチルアセテート、メチルプロピオン酸塩、エチルプロピオン酸塩、プロピルプロピオン酸塩、メチルブチレートおよび吉草酸メチルまたはこれらの混合物である、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム2次電池用電解液。
- 前記フォスファゼンおよび前記エステル系溶媒の含有量の和に対する前記フルオロアルキルエーテルの含有量の比は、体積比で0.15:1ないし1.5:1である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用電解液。
- 前記非水性有機溶媒は、下記の化学式4で表されるフッ素系溶媒を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池用電解液。
[化学式4]
Rf1−O−C(=O)−O−R
(上記の化学式4で、Rf1は炭素数2ないし4のフルオロアルキル基であり、RはCH3またはC2H5である。) - カン、
電極組立体、
キャップ組立体、および
電解液を含み、
前記電解液が非水性有機溶媒、
リチウム塩、
電解液全体体積に対して10ないし40体積%のフルオロアルキルエーテル、
電解液全体体積に対して3ないし10体積%のフォスファゼン、および
電解液全体体積に対して20ないし70体積%のエステル系溶媒を含み、
前記フルオロアルキルエーテルは、下記の化学式1で表される化合物であり、
前記フォスファゼンは、下記の化学式2で表される化合物であり、
前記エステル系溶媒は、下記の化学式3で表される化合物である、
リチウム2次電池。
[化学式1]
Rf 1 −O−Rf 2
(上記の化学式1で、Rf 1 およびRf 2 はそれぞれ独立的に炭素数2以上のフルオロアルキル基であり、前記フルオロアルキル基のフルオロ化率は50%ないし100%である。)
- 前記化学式3において、R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立的にアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基である、請求項6に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記エステル系溶媒がメチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、ブチルアセテート、メチルプロピオン酸塩、エチルプロピオン酸塩、プロピルプロピオン酸塩、メチルブチレートおよび吉草酸メチルまたはこれらの混合物である、請求項6または7に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記フォスファゼンおよび前記エステル系溶媒の含有量の和に対する前記フルオロアルキルエーテルの含有量の比は、体積比で0.15:1ないし1.5:1である、請求項6から8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記非水性有機溶媒は、下記の化学式4で表されるフッ素系溶媒を含む、請求項6から9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
[化学式4]
Rf1−O−C(=O)−O−R
(上記の化学式4で、Rf1は炭素数2ないし4のフルオロアルキル基であり、RはCH3またはC2H5である。)
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US13/240,881 US9123973B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-09-22 | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
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