US11302965B2 - Electrolyte including low molecular weight ester and non-fluorinated carbonate for low temperature operation of lithium titanate and graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents
Electrolyte including low molecular weight ester and non-fluorinated carbonate for low temperature operation of lithium titanate and graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries Download PDFInfo
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- US11302965B2 US11302965B2 US16/270,160 US201916270160A US11302965B2 US 11302965 B2 US11302965 B2 US 11302965B2 US 201916270160 A US201916270160 A US 201916270160A US 11302965 B2 US11302965 B2 US 11302965B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an electrolyte for low temperature operation of lithium titanate electrodes, graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries as well as electrodes and batteries employing the same.
- Low molecular weight esters such as EA (Ethyl acetate), MP (methyl propionate), EP (ethyl propionate) and MB (methyl butyrate), have higher conductivity than carbonates at a low temperature.
- EA Ethyl acetate
- MP methyl propionate
- EP ethyl propionate
- MB methyl butyrate
- EA Ethyl acetate
- MP methyl propionate
- EP ethyl propionate
- MB methyl butyrate
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,874 is directed to an electrolyte with improved performance at low temperatures.
- the electrolyte includes specific additives, namely, 4-carbomethoxymethyl 1,3-dioxan-2-one or 4-carboethoxymethyl 1,3-dioxan-2-one.
- the solvent candidates include esters and carbonates selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), diethylene carbonate (DEC), dimethylene carbonate (DMC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ⁇ -butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate (MA), methyl propionate (MP), and methylformate (MF).
- the electrolyte of U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,874 is not disclosed as providing high temperature performance, for example, at a temperature 60° C.
- CN104752768 is directed toward improving high temperature stability of a lithium titanate oxide (LTO) based cell by including various additives in the electrolyte.
- CN104752768 contemplates an electrolyte including 1.5-3.5% of dimethyl carbonate, 0.05-0.25% of ethylene carbonate, 0.15-0.35% of LiBOB, 0.1-0.45% of vinylene carbonate, 0.07-0.35% of crown ether, 0.04-0.06% of LiF, 0.05-0.065% of monofluoro ethylene carbonate, 0.05-0.25% of cyclohexylbenzene, 0.1-0.45% of dihydroxybiphenyl and 0.1-0.45% of 1,3-propane sultone.
- CN104752768 is silent regarding the low temperature performance of the cell.
- CN102544584 is directed to improvement of high and low temperature performance of an LTO system by addition of a specific type of salt in the electrolyte. Specifically, CN102544584 teaches a non-aqueous electrolyte solution including a fluoride-containing sulfonimide lithium salt. However, the solvent in CN102544584 is simply a carbonate-based organic solvent and/or an ether organic solvent.
- the present disclosure has been accomplished in view of the above problems.
- the inventors unexpectedly discovered that a solvent comprising a non-fluorinated carbonate and 1 to 30 vol % of a low molecular weight ester based on the total volume of the solvent was able to achieve both very good performance at a low temperature, ⁇ 40° C., and at high temperature, 60° C. Further, the present inventors found that adding fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) in the solvent was able to provide a decrease in low temperature impedance, particularly when used with a graphite anode.
- FEC fluorinated ethylene carbonate
- preferred embodiments of the present disclosure address the influence of salt composition and concentration on low temperature performance. That is, it has been previously understood that an electrolyte with high ionic conductivities shows better low temperature performances due to low resistance between two electrodes. However, high salt concentration electrolytes may face issues, such as increased aggregation negatively affecting transport properties as well as increased overpotential. Contrary to general belief, it was presently found that an electrolyte with a high salt concentration, within the solubility limit, demonstrated low overpotential during low temperature pulsing test. This illustrates that available lithium ions in the vicinity of electrode/electrolyte interface play a significant role at low temperature, and an electrolyte with a high salt concentration has enhanced charge transfer kinetics.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing cell response to pulses in Examples 6-9.
- FIG. 2 is graph showing the relationship between salt concentration and conductivity from Example 10.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing cold crank performance results from Examples 11 and 12.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing cold crank performance results from Examples 13 and 14.
- an electrolyte comprising a non-fluorinated carbonate and at least one low molecular weight ester.
- the low molecular weight ester provides the solvent with very good conductivity at low temperatures, such as ⁇ 40° C.
- the low molecular weight ester has a molecular weight of 105 g/mol or less.
- Preferred low molecular weight esters include ethyl acetate (EA), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), and methyl butyrate (MB).
- the amount of low molecular weight ester in the solvent is 1 to 30 vol % based on the total volume of the solvent. In other embodiments, the amount of low molecular weight ester in the solvent is 3 to 28 vol %, 5 to 25 vol %, 7 to 23 vol %, 10 to 20 vol %, 12 to 18 vol %, 13 to 15 vol %, 15 to 17 vol %, 15 to 25 vol %, 18 to 25 vol %, 20 to 25 vol %, or 25 to 30 vol %. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the amount of low molecular weight ester in the solvent is 20 to 25 vol %.
- the electrolyte of the present disclosure may include fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive in the solvent. This is particularly indicated when a graphite anode is used.
- FEC fluorinated ethylene carbonate
- SEI solid electrolyte interphase
- the FEC can be added to the solvent in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt % based on the total weight of the solvent.
- the amount of FEC may be 1 to 10 wt %, 2 to 9 wt %, 3 to 8 wt %, 4 to 7 wt %, 5 to 6 wt %, 1 to 5 wt %, 1 to 4 wt %, 1 to 3 wt %, 1 to 2 wt %, 2 to 3 wt %, or 0.1 to 1 wt %.
- the amount of FEC is from 2 to 3 wt %, and the amount of low molecular weight ester in the solvent is 20 to 25 vol %.
- Li-ion cells with lithium titanate or graphite anodes are able to achieve very good performance at ⁇ 40° C. Further, the electrolyte of the present disclosure shows reasonable stability at 60° C.
- the electrolyte contains a high concentration of salt.
- a high concentration of salt refers to more than 1M.
- the present inventors found that an electrolyte with a high salt concentration, within the solubility limit, demonstrated low overpotential during low temperature pulsing test. This illustrates that available lithium ions in the vicinity of electrode/electrolyte interface play a significant role at low temperature, and an electrolyte with a high salt concentration has enhanced charge transfer kinetics.
- the salt concentration in the electrolyte is more than 1.0M, more than 1.2M, more than 1.4M, more than 1.5M, more than 1.6M, more than 1.7M, more than 1.8M, or more than 2.0M. In preferred embodiments, the salt concentration is less than 4.0M, less than 3.6M, less than 3.2M, less than 2.8M, less than 2.4M, less than 2.0M, less than 1.6M, or less than 1.2M.
- the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited.
- the electrolyte salt may comprise one or more of LiFSI (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide), LiTFSI (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), LiBF 4 , LiBOB (lithium bis(oxalato)borate), LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiTDI (lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole), and the like.
- LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- LiTFSI lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
- LiBF 4 LiBOB (lithium bis(oxalato)borate)
- LiClO 4 LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3
- LiTDI lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(
- Li-ion battery comprising an anode, a cathode, and the electrolyte of the present disclosure.
- the active material of the cathode in the Li-ion battery is not particularly limited.
- the Li-ion battery comprises a cathode having, as an active material, lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), or a blend of thereof.
- graphite lithium titanate oxide (LTO), Si, or a blend of thereof may be preferably used.
- LTO lithium titanate oxide
- Li-ion cells were assembled with positive electrodes (cathode) having the composition described in Paragraph No. [0086] of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0320972 A1, and graphite negative electrodes (anode).
- the salt was 1.0 M LiPF 6 .
- the solvent contained a non-fluorinated carbonate and an ester, and FEC was added to the solvent as additive.
- the non-fluorinated carbonate was a mixture of EC/PC/EMC/DMC having a volume ratio 0.35/1.65/4/4.
- the amount of these components and the type of ester are shown in Table 1 below.
- Each of the assembled cells was subjected to a ⁇ 40° C. crank test using 400 A 30 sec pulses at 100% state of charge (SOC). The minimum voltages during pulses at ⁇ 40° C. are shown in Table 1.
- EA Ethyl acetate
- MP methyl propionate
- EP ethyl propionate
- MB methyl butyrate
- EB ethyl butyrate
- PB propyl butyrate
- BB butyl butyrate
- Examples 1-4 were able to simultaneously obtain a good cold crank voltage of at least 1.64 V and a satisfactory capacity retention at 60° C. of greater than or equal to 80%.
- Li-ion cells were assembled with positive electrodes (cathode) having lithium manganese oxide (LMO) (specifically, LiMn 2 O 4 ) as the positive active material and negative electrodes (anode) having lithium titanate oxide (LTO) (specifically, Li 4 T 5 O 12 ) as the negative active material.
- LMO lithium manganese oxide
- LTO lithium titanate oxide
- a cold crank test was performed on the cells of Examples 6 and 7 and Comparative Examples 16 and 18.
- the cell voltages during pulses at ⁇ 30° C. were measured, wherein the pulses comprised a 0.5 s 6 kW (scaled) pulse and a 4 s 4 kW (scaled) pulse repeated three times. The results are shown in FIG. 1 .
- the low temperature power performance of the LMO/LTO cells was improved by using an electrolyte with higher conductivity. From Examples 6 and 7, the difference between including 10% of MP versus 20% MP in the formulation was shown to be insignificant.
- the electrolyte having only carbonates (EC:EMC:DMC (1:1:1), represented by dotted line in FIG. 1 ) showed substantial voltage drop. This was due to transport limitation.
- the electrolytes having 20% or less of low molecular weight ester showed better power performance than the electrolyte of Comparative Example 16 with 60% ester (EC/EMC/MB (2/2/6), represented by dashed line in FIG. 1 ).
- Examples 8-10 Li-ion cells were assembled using the same LMO/LTO electrodes described above for Examples 6 and 7.
- the electrolyte for Examples 8-10 was an ester-rich electrolyte that included a low molecular weight ester ethyl acetate (EA) and non-fluorinated carbonate ethylene carbonate (EC) in a volume ratio of 85/15.
- EA ester ethyl acetate
- EC non-fluorinated carbonate ethylene carbonate
- LiPF 6 was used as the salt in each of Examples 8-10 at the concentrations described below.
- Example 8 the concentration of LiPF 6 was varied, and the conductivity of the electrolyte at ⁇ 30° C. was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 2 . The observed results are well aligned with general behavior of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, wherein ion conductivity increases as number of free ions (salt concentration) increases until an optimal value (1.2M in this case). However, after the maximum, increase in salt concentration results in ion aggregation and higher viscosity of the solution, which in turn reduces both free ions and ionic mobility. As shown in FIG. 2 , the conductivity of 1.6M salt concentration was 5.1 mS/cm, which is ⁇ 15% lower than that of 1.2M salt concentration.
- the concentration of LiPF 6 was 1.2M and 1.6M, respectively. These cells were subjected to a cold crank test as ⁇ 30° C., and the results are shown in FIG. 3 . As observed in FIG. 3 , the cold crank performance at ⁇ 30° C., surprisingly, improved with the higher salt concentration. This illustrates that ion conductivity is not the sole factor to determine low temperature performance. Instead, a charge-transfer process at the electrode/electrolyte interface is another factor to consider to enhance power performance at low temperature.
- Example 11 and 12 Li-ion cells were assembled using the same LMO/LTO electrodes described above for Examples 6 and 7. The same electrolyte was used as in Example 6 (i.e., EC/PC/DMC/EMC/MP at a volume ratio of 0.35/1.65/3.5/3.5/1.0).
- the salt for Examples 11 and 12 was LiPF 6 in a concentration of 1.0M and 1.6M, respectively.
- the cells were subjected to a cold crank test performed at ⁇ 30° C. The results are shown in FIG. 4 .
- the carbonate-rich electrolyte of the present example provided similar results as the ester-rich electrolyte in FIG. 3 . Again, the higher salt concentration exhibited better cold crank performances.
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Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 | |||
Solvent |
Ester/ | Additive | 60° C. Cycling | |||||
Carbonate | FEC (wt % | Test Capacity |
Mixture | based on | −40° C. Cold Crank Test Minimum | Retention at | |
amount | weight of | Voltage (V) | 3000 cycles |
Ester | (vol %) | solvent) | Run 1 | |
|
Avg. | (%) | ||
Comp. 1 | None | 0/100 | 10 | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.01 | 85.4 |
Ex. 1 | EA | 5/95 | 10 | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.73 | 1.77 | 80.0 |
Ex. 2 | MP | 5/95 | 10 | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.72 | 1.76 | 85.2 |
Ex. 3 | EP | 5/95 | 10 | 1.66 | 1.72 | 1.61 | 1.67 | 85.4 |
Ex. 4 | MB | 5/95 | 10 | 1.62 | 1.71 | 1.58 | 1.64 | 85.3 |
Comp. 2 | EB | 5/95 | 10 | 1.41 | 1.51 | 1.37 | 1.43 | 85.4 |
Comp. 3 | PB | 5/95 | 10 | 1.35 | 1.43 | 1.33 | 1.37 | 85.7 |
Comp. 4 | BB | 5/95 | 10 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 85.7 |
Comp. 5 | EA | 70/30 | 10 | 1.85 | 1.95 | 1.83 | 1.88 | 77.0 |
Comp. 6 | EB | 70/30 | 10 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 1.43 | 1.50 | 81.1 |
Comp. 7 | PB | 70/30 | 10 | 1.44 | 1.51 | 1.39 | 1.45 | 85.8 |
Comp. 8 | BB | 70/30 | 10 | 1.32 | 1.38 | 1.27 | 1.32 | 85.9 |
Comp. 9 | EA | 50/50 | 10 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 2.00 | 2.05 | 68.0 |
Comp. 10 | MP | 50/50 | 10 | 2.04 | 2.11 | 1.99 | 2.05 | 72.3 |
Comp. 11 | EP | 50/50 | 10 | 1.81 | 1.89 | 1.76 | 1.82 | 74.3 |
Comp. 12 | MB | 50/50 | 10 | 1.79 | 1.83 | 1.74 | 1.79 | 76.2 |
Comp. 13 | EB | 50/50 | 10 | 1.64 | 1.69 | 1.60 | 1.64 | 79.6 |
Comp. 14 | PB | 50/50 | 10 | 1.57 | 1.62 | 1.51 | 1.57 | 85.9 |
Comp. 15 | BB | 50/50 | 10 | 1.39 | 1.48 | 1.33 | 1.40 | 86.9 |
TABLE 2 | |||
−30° C. | |||
Conductivity | |||
Example | Electrolyte Salt and Solvent | (mS/cm) | |
Comp. 16 | 1.0 M LiPF6 | 2.9 | |
Low temperature electrolyte: | |||
EC/EMC/MB (2/2/6) (vol. ratio) | |||
Comp. 17 | 1.0 M LiPF6 | 2.1 | |
Carbonate electrolyte consisting | |||
of EC/PC/DMC/EMC | |||
(10/20/45/25) (vol. ratio) | |||
Comp. 18 | 1.0 M LiPF6 | 1.75 | |
EC/EMC/DMC (1/1/1) (vol. ratio) | |||
Ex. 6 | 1.0 M LiPF6 | 2.95 | |
90% of EC/PC/DMC/EMC and | |||
10% of MP: (0.35/1.65/3.5/3.5/1.0) | |||
(vol. ratio) | |||
Ex. 7 | 1.0 M LiPF6 | 3.18 | |
80% of EC/PC/DMC/EMC and | |||
20% of MP: (0.35/1.65/3/3/2.0) | |||
(vol. ratio) | |||
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
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US16/270,160 US11302965B2 (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2019-02-07 | Electrolyte including low molecular weight ester and non-fluorinated carbonate for low temperature operation of lithium titanate and graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries |
EP20152051.7A EP3694039A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-01-15 | Electrolyte for low temperature operation of lithium titanate electrode, graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries |
CN202010081590.0A CN111540949A (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-02-06 | Electrolyte for low-temperature operation of lithium titanate electrode, graphite electrode and lithium ion battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US16/270,160 US11302965B2 (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2019-02-07 | Electrolyte including low molecular weight ester and non-fluorinated carbonate for low temperature operation of lithium titanate and graphite electrodes, and lithium-ion batteries |
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US20200259215A1 US20200259215A1 (en) | 2020-08-13 |
US11302965B2 true US11302965B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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