JP5949776B2 - R−t−b系合金薄片、及びr−t−b焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
R−t−b系合金薄片、及びr−t−b焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5949776B2 JP5949776B2 JP2013538572A JP2013538572A JP5949776B2 JP 5949776 B2 JP5949776 B2 JP 5949776B2 JP 2013538572 A JP2013538572 A JP 2013538572A JP 2013538572 A JP2013538572 A JP 2013538572A JP 5949776 B2 JP5949776 B2 JP 5949776B2
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 194
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 194
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 24
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 73
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GZPBVLUEICLBOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)-3,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CN(C)C1=C(C)C=C(O)C=C1C GZPBVLUEICLBOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 pulverization method Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/0536—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/086—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Description
HcJ=α・HA−N・Ms (I)
Br=Ms・(ρ/ρ0)・f・A (II)
0.9/1.1≦D2/D1≦1.1/0.9 (1)
1.0μm≦DAVE<3.0μm (2)
1.5μm≦DMAX≦4.5μm (3)
図1は、本実施形態のR−T−B系合金薄片の厚さ方向に沿った断面構造を拡大して示す模式断面図である。本実施形態のR−T−B系合金薄片は、主相としてR2T14B相の柱状結晶2と、R2T14B相とは組成が異なる粒界相4を含有する。粒界相4は、例えばRリッチ相を含有する。Rリッチ相は、Rの含有量がR2T14B相よりも高い相である。
0.9/1.1≦D2/D1≦1.1/0.9 (1)
0.95/1.05≦D2/D1≦1.05/0.95 (4)
0.98/1.02≦D2/D1≦1.02/0.98 (5)
1≦D2/D1≦1.1 (6)
1.0μm≦DAVE<3.5μm (2)
1.5μm≦DMAX≦4.5μm (3)
1.0μm≦DAVE≦2.4μm (7)
1.5μm≦DMAX≦3.0μm (8)
1.5μm≦DAVE≦2.4μm (9)
2.0μm≦DMAX≦3.0μm (10)
図2は、実施形態のR−T−B系合金薄片を製造するための装置の模式図である。本実施形態のR−T−B系合金薄片は、図2に示すような製造装置を用いたストリップキャスト法によって製造することができる。本実施形態の合金薄片の製造方法は、R−T−B系合金の合金溶湯を調製する溶融工程と、合金溶湯を、円周方向に回転する冷却ロールのロール面に注いで合金溶湯を該ロール面によって冷却して結晶核を生成させ、合金溶湯の少なくとも一部を凝固させる第1の冷却工程と、結晶核を含む合金をさらに冷却して合金薄片を得る第2の冷却工程と、を有する。以下、各工程の詳細について説明する。
次に、R−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法の好適な実施形態を説明する。本実施形態のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法は、R−T−B系合金の合金溶湯を調製する溶融工程と、合金溶湯を、円周方向に回転する冷却ロールのロール面に注いで合金溶湯を該ロール面によって冷却して結晶核を生成させ、合金溶湯の少なくとも一部を凝固させる第1の冷却工程と、結晶核を含む合金をさらに冷却してR−T−B系合金薄片を得る第2の冷却工程と、R−T−B系合金薄片を粉砕してR−T−B系の合金粉末を得る粉砕工程と、合金粉末を成形して成形体を作製する成形工程と、成形体を焼成してR−T−B系焼結磁石を得る焼成工程と、を有する。すなわち、本実施形態のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法は、上述の製造方法で得られたR−T−B系合金薄片を用いており、溶融工程から第2の冷却工程までは、上述の合金薄片の製造方法と同様に行うことができる。したがって、ここでは粉砕工程以降の工程を説明する。
<合金薄片の作製>
図2に示すような合金薄片の製造装置を用いて、次の手順でストリップキャスト法を行った。まず、合金薄片の組成が表2に示す元素の割合(質量%)となるように、各構成元素の原料化合物を配合し、高周波溶解炉10で1300℃に加熱して、R−T−B系の組成を有する合金溶湯12を調製した。この合金溶湯12を、タンディッシュを介して所定の速度で回転している冷却ロール16のロール面17上に注いだ。ロール面17上における合金溶湯12の冷却速度は、1800〜2200℃/秒とした。
得られた合金薄片の厚さ方向に沿った断面のSEM−BEI写真を撮影した(倍率:350倍)。この写真から、合金薄片の厚みを求めた。この厚みは、表1に示すとおりであった。
次に、合金薄片を粉砕して平均粒径が2.0μmの合金粉末を得た。この合金粉末を、電磁石中に配置された金型内に充填し、磁場中で成形して成形体を作製した。成形は、15kOeの磁場を印加しながら1.2トン/cm2に加圧して行った。その後、成形体を、真空中、930〜1030℃で4時間焼成した後、急冷して焼結体を得た。得られた焼結体に、800℃で1時間、及び、540℃で1時間(ともにアルゴンガス雰囲気中)の2段階の時効処理を施して、実施例1のR−T−B系焼結磁石を得た。
B−Hトレーサーを用いて、得られたR−T−B系焼結磁石のBr(残留磁束密度)及びHcJ(保磁力)を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
冷却ロールのロール面を加工して、凸部の高さの平均値H、凸部の間隔の平均値W、及び表面粗さRzを表1のとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例2〜6及び実施例16〜18の合金薄片を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2〜6及び実施例16〜18の合金薄片の評価を行った。実施例1と同様にして実施例2〜6及び実施例16〜18のR−T−B系焼結磁石を作製し、評価を行った。これらの結果を表1に示す。図9は、実施例5のR−T−B系合金薄片の厚さ方向に沿った断面のSEM−BEI写真である(倍率:350倍)。
冷却ロールのロール面を加工して、凸部の高さの平均値、凸部の間隔の平均値、及び表面粗さRzを表1のとおりに変更したこと、及び原料を変更して合金薄片の組成を表2のとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例7〜15及び実施例19〜31の合金薄片を得た。実施例1と同様にして、実施例7〜15及び実施例19〜31の合金薄片の評価を行った。そして、実施例1と同様にして実施例7〜15及び実施例19〜31のR−T−B系焼結磁石を作製し、評価を行った。これらの結果を表1に示す。
ロール面に、ロールの回転方向に延在する直線状の第1の凹部のみを有する冷却ロールを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして比較例1及び比較例2のR−T−B系合金薄片を得た。これらの冷却ロールは第2の凹部を有していなかった。なお、これらの冷却ロールの凸部の高さの平均値H、凸部の間隔の平均値W、及び表面粗さRzは、次の通り求めた。すなわち、冷却ロールを、冷却ロールの軸を通り軸方向に平行な面で切断したときの切断面において、ロール面近傍の断面構造を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察して求めた。凸部の高さの平均値Hは、100個の凸部の高さの算術平均値であり、凸部の間隔の平均値Wは、隣り合う凸部の間隔を異なる100箇所で測定した値の算術平均値である。
冷却ロールのロール面を加工して、凸部の高さの平均値H、凸部の間隔の平均値W、及び表面粗さRzを表1のとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例2,3のR−T−B系合金薄片を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして、比較例2,3のR−T−B系合金薄片の評価を行った。実施例1と同様にして比較例2,3のR−T−B系焼結磁石を作製し、評価を行った。これらの結果を表1に示す。図10は、比較例3のR−T−B系合金薄片の厚さ方向に沿った断面のSEM−BEI写真である(倍率:350倍)。
ロール面に、ロールの回転方向に延在する直線状の第1の凹部のみを有する冷却ロールを用いたこと、及び原料を変更して合金薄片の組成を表2のとおりに変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして比較例4のR−T−B系合金薄片を得た。これらの冷却ロールは第2の凹部を有していなかった。なお、これらの冷却ロールの凸部の高さの平均値H、凸部の間隔の平均値W、及び表面粗さRzは、比較例1と同様にして求めた。
(三重点領域の面積と標準偏差)
実施例10のR−T−B系焼結磁石について、電子線マイクロアナライザ(EPMA:JXA8500F型FE−EPMA)を用いて元素マップデータを収集した。測定条件は加速電圧15kV、照射電流0.1μA、Count−Time:30msecとし、データ収集領域は、X=Y=51.2μm、データ点数は、X=Y=256(0.2μm−step)とした。この元素マップデータにおいて、まず、3つ以上の結晶粒に囲まれている三重点領域を黒く塗りつぶし、これを画像解析することにより、三重点領域の面積の平均値と当該面積の分布の標準偏差を求めた。図12は、実施例10の希土類焼結磁石において三重点領域を黒く塗りつぶした元素マップデータを示す図である。
さらに、同様の電子顕微鏡の観察画像において、画像解析によってR2T14B相の結晶粒の形状を認識させ、個々の結晶粒の直径を求めて、その算術平均値を求めた。これを、R2T14B相の結晶粒の平均粒径とした。結果を表3に示す。
EPMAを用いて、実施例10〜15及び比較例4のR−T−B系焼結磁石の三重点領域における希土類元素の質量基準の含有量を求めた。測定は、10点の三重点領域において行い、希土類元素の含有量の範囲と標準偏差を求めた。これらの結果を表3に示す。
一般的なガス分析装置を用いて、実施例10〜15及び比較例4のR−T−B系焼結磁石のガス分析を行って、酸素、窒素及び炭素の含有量を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
Claims (4)
- R2T14B相の柱状結晶を含有するR−T−B系合金薄片であって、
一方の表面に結晶核を有し、この結晶核を起点として前記柱状結晶及び粒界相が他方の表面に向けて放射状に延びており、
厚み方向に沿った断面において、
前記柱状結晶が結晶核から放射状に延びており、前記厚み方向とは垂直な方向における前記柱状結晶の前記一方の表面側の長さの平均値及び前記他方の表面側の長さの平均値を、それぞれD1及びD2としたとき、下記式(4)及び式(5)を満たす、R−T−B系合金薄片。
1≦D 2 /D 1 ≦1.1 (4)
D 2 ≧D 1 (5) - 前記断面において、前記厚み方向とは垂直な方向における前記柱状結晶の長さの平均値及び最大値をそれぞれDAVE及びDMAXとしたとき、下記式(2)及び(3)を満たす、請求項1に記載のR−T−B系合金薄片。
1.0μm≦DAVE<3.0μm (2)
1.5μm≦DMAX≦4.5μm (3) - Rの含有量が質量基準で前記R2T14B相よりも高いRリッチ相を含有しており、
前記断面において、前記Rリッチ相の全数に対し、前記厚み方向とは垂直な方向における長さが1.5μm以下の前記Rリッチ相の数の比率が90%以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のR−T−B系合金薄片。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の合金薄片を粉砕して合金粉末を調製する工程と、
前記合金粉末を成形して焼成し、R−T−B系焼結磁石を作製する工程と、を有する、R−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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CN103875045B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
WO2013054842A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
JPWO2013054854A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
JP5880569B2 (ja) | 2016-03-09 |
DE112012004260T5 (de) | 2014-07-17 |
WO2013054854A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
WO2013054847A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
JPWO2013054847A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
DE112012004298T5 (de) | 2014-07-03 |
JPWO2013054842A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
CN103858185A (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
US20140286815A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
JPWO2013054845A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
JP6079633B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
US20140286816A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
US9620268B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
US20140308152A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
CN103890867B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
CN103875046A (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
US9607742B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
CN103875046B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
JP5949775B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
US9613737B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
US20140247100A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
WO2013054845A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
CN103858185B (zh) | 2017-05-03 |
CN103890867A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
CN103875045A (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
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DE112012004288T5 (de) | 2014-07-31 |
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