JP5918150B2 - 活性材料を堆積させるためのテンプレート電極構造 - Google Patents
活性材料を堆積させるためのテンプレート電極構造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5918150B2 JP5918150B2 JP2012556203A JP2012556203A JP5918150B2 JP 5918150 B2 JP5918150 B2 JP 5918150B2 JP 2012556203 A JP2012556203 A JP 2012556203A JP 2012556203 A JP2012556203 A JP 2012556203A JP 5918150 B2 JP5918150 B2 JP 5918150B2
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- 229920000463 Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCFIHQSTJSCCBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ge] Chemical compound [C].[Ge] KCFIHQSTJSCCBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWJYDTCSUDMGSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[C] Chemical compound [Sn].[C] QWJYDTCSUDMGSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009421 internal insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Fe](F)F SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001127 nanoimprint lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002078 nanoshell Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CHJKOAVUGHSNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C CHJKOAVUGHSNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005704 oxymethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])O[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDJMEHOEDIAPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Na+] UDJMEHOEDIAPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第61/310,183号(出願日:2010年3月3日、発明の名称:「電気化学的に活性なシリサイド含有構造」)による恩恵を主張する。当該仮出願の内容は全て、参照により本願に組み込まれる。本願は、米国特許出願第12/437,529号(発明者:クイ他(Cui et al.)、発明の名称:「充電式電池用のナノ構造を含む電極」、出願日:2009年5月7日)の一部継続出願である。
なお、本願明細書に記載の実施形態によれば、以下の構成もまた開示される。
[項目1]
リチウムイオン電池で利用される電気化学的に活性な電極材料であって、
金属シリサイドを有するナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込み放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間での電流の伝導が円滑化され、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層が支持される電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目2]
前記金属シリサイドは、ニッケルシリサイド、ケイ化コバルト、ケイ化銅、ケイ化銀、ケイ化クロム、ケイ化チタン、ケイ化アルミニウム、ケイ化亜鉛、および、ケイ化鉄から成る群から選択される項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目3]
前記金属シリサイドは、Ni 2 Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi 2 相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含む項目2に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目4]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、ゲルマニウム含有材料、および、炭素含有材料から成る群から選択される項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目5]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、シリサイド含有ナノワイヤを有する項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目6]
前記シリサイド含有ナノワイヤは、長さが平均で約1マイクロメートルと200マイクロメートルとの間である項目5に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目7]
前記シリサイド含有ナノワイヤは、直径が平均で約100ナノメートル未満である項目5に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目8]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、厚みが平均で少なくとも約100ナノメートルである項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目9]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記テンプレートに対する体積比は少なくとも約5である項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目10]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、アモルファスシリコンを含み、
前記層は、厚みが平均で少なくとも約100ナノメートルであり、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、ニッケルシリサイドナノワイヤを含み、前記ニッケルシリサイドナノワイヤは、長さが平均で約10マイクロメートルと50マイクロメートルとの間であり、直径が平均で約50ナノメートル、30ナノメートル、20ナノメートルおよび10ナノメートル未満である項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目11]
前記リチウムイオン電池において前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料のサイクルの前に、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、リン、ホウ素、ガリウムおよびリチウムのうち1以上によってドープされる項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目12]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層の上方に形成されているシェルをさらに備え、
前記シェルは、炭素、銅、ポリマー、硫化物、リチウムリン酸窒化物(LIPON)、金属酸化物、および、フッ素含有化合物から成る群から選択された1以上の材料を含む
項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目13]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、理論上のリチオ化容量が少なくとも約500mAh/gである項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目14]
リチウムイオン電池で利用されるリチウムイオン電極であって、
電気化学的に活性な電極材料と、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料と導通している電流コレクタ基板と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料は、
金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートをコーティングする電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間の電流の伝導が円滑化され、
前記電流コレクタ基板は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を含むリチウムイオン電極。
[項目15]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、前記基板に根付いているナノワイヤを含み、前記ナノワイヤは、遊離している端部と、前記基板に根付いている端部とを持つ項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目16]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、前記ナノワイヤの前記基板に根付いている端部に比べて前記遊離している端部において、厚みが少なくとも2倍である項目15に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目17]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、アモルファスシリコンおよびゲルマニウムを含み、
前記層は、前記ナノワイヤの前記基板に根付いている端部に比べて前記遊離している端部において、シリコンがより多く、ゲルマニウムがより少なくなっている項目15に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目18]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間に位置しており、前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間の金属結合および電子伝導を改善する中間副層をさらに備える項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目19]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間に位置しており、前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間の金属結合および電子伝導を改善する中間副層をさらに備える項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目20]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間に位置しており、前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間の弾性界面となる中間副層をさらに備える項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目21]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートの表面積の前記基板の表面積に対する比は、少なくとも約20である項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目22]
前記基板は、前記基板に隣接している基部層を有しており、前記基部層は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を略含まない項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目23]
前記基板は、銅、ニッケル、チタン、および、ステンレススチールから成る群から選択される1以上の材料を含む項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目24]
前記リチウムイオン電極は、負極である
項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目25]
前記リチウムイオン電極は、正極である
項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目26]
電気化学的に活性な電極材料と、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料と導通している電流コレクタ基板と
を備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料は、
金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時にリチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間で電流の伝導を円滑化させ、
前記電流コレクタ基板は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を含むリチウムイオン電池。
[項目27]
リチウムイオン電池で利用されるリチウムイオン電池電極を製造する方法であって、
基板を受け取る段階と、
前記基板の表面上に金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートを形成する段階と、
前記ナノ構造テンプレート上に電気化学的に活性な材料の層を形成する段階と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時にリチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間で電流の伝導を円滑化させる方法。
[項目28]
前記金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートを形成する段階の前に、酸化、アニーリング、還元、粗面化、スパッタリング、エッチング、電気メッキ、反転電気メッキ、化学気相成長、窒化物形成、および、中間層堆積から成る群から選択される1以上の方法を用いて前記基板を処理する段階をさらに備える項目27に記載の方法。
[項目29]
前記基板の前記表面上に金属部を形成する段階をさらに備え、
前記金属部の一部分は、前記金属シリサイドを形成する際に消費される項目27に記載の方法。
[項目30]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートを形成する段階は、前記基板の前記表面の上方にシリコン含有前駆体を導入する段階を有する項目27に記載の方法。
[項目31]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成する段階の前に、前記ナノ構造テンプレートの上方にパッシベーション層を選択的に堆積させる段階をさらに備える項目27に記載の方法。
[項目32]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成する段階は、前記ナノ構造テンプレートの遊離している端部に比べて前記基板の前記表面において、活性材料前駆体の濃度が大幅に低くなるように、物質移動方式で実行される項目27に記載の方法。
[項目33]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成している段階の実行中、活性材料前駆体の組成を変化させる段階をさらに備える項目27に記載の方法。
Claims (26)
- リチウムイオン電池で利用される電気化学的に活性な電極材料であって、
金属シリサイドを有するナノワイヤと、
前記ナノワイヤをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込み放出し、
前記ナノワイヤによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間での電流の伝導が円滑化され、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層が支持され、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含み、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、前記ナノワイヤの遊離している端部よりも基板に根付いている端部においてより高い濃度のNiを有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択される電気化学的に活性な電極材料。 - 前記ナノワイヤは、長さが平均で1マイクロメートルと200マイクロメートルとの間である請求項1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
- 前記ナノワイヤは、直径が平均で100ナノメートル未満である請求項2に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、厚みが平均で少なくとも100ナノメートルである請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記ナノワイヤに対する質量比は少なくとも5である請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、アモルファスシリコンを含み、
前記層は、厚みが平均で少なくとも100ナノメートルであり、
前記ナノワイヤは、ニッケルシリサイドナノワイヤを含み、前記ニッケルシリサイドナノワイヤは、長さが平均で10マイクロメートルと50マイクロメートルとの間であり、直径が平均で50ナノメートル未満である請求項1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。 - 前記リチウムイオン電池において前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料のサイクルの前に、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、リン、ホウ素、ガリウムおよびリチウムのうち1以上によってドープされる請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層の上方に形成されているシェルをさらに備え、
前記シェルは、炭素、銅、ポリマー、硫化物、リチウムリン酸窒化物(LIPON)、金属酸化物、および、フッ素含有化合物から成る群から選択された1以上の材料を含む
請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。 - 前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、理論上のリチオ化容量が少なくとも500mAh/gである請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
- リチウムイオン電池で利用されるリチウムイオン電極であって、
電気化学的に活性な電極材料と、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料と導通している電流コレクタ基板と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料は、
金属シリサイドを含むナノワイヤと、
前記ナノワイヤをコーティングする電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノワイヤによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間の電流の伝導が円滑化され、
前記電流コレクタ基板は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を含み、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含み、)
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、前記ナノワイヤの遊離している端部よりも基板に根付いている端部においてより高い濃度のNiを有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択される、リチウムイオン電極。 - 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、前記ナノワイヤの前記基板に根付いている端部に比べて前記遊離している端部において、厚みが少なくとも2倍である請求項10に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、アモルファスシリコンおよびゲルマニウムを含み、
前記層は、前記ナノワイヤの前記基板に根付いている端部に比べて前記遊離している端部において、シリコンがより多く、ゲルマニウムがより少なくなっている請求項10に記載のリチウムイオン電極。 - 前記ナノワイヤと前記電流コレクタ基板との間に位置しており、前記ナノワイヤと前記電流コレクタ基板との間の金属結合および電子伝導を改善する中間副層をさらに備える請求項10から12のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記ナノワイヤと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間に位置しており、前記ナノワイヤと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間の金属結合および電子伝導を改善する中間副層をさらに備える請求項10から13のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記ナノワイヤと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間に位置しており、前記ナノワイヤと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間の弾性界面となる中間副層をさらに備える請求項10から13のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記ナノワイヤの表面積の前記基板の表面積に対する比は、少なくとも20である請求項10から15のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記基板は、前記基板に隣接している基部層を有しており、前記基部層は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を略含まない請求項10から16のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記基板は、銅、ニッケル、チタン、および、ステンレススチールから成る群から選択される1以上の材料を含む請求項10から17のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
- 前記リチウムイオン電極は、負極である
請求項10から18のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。 - 前記リチウムイオン電極は、正極である
請求項10から18のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電極。 - 電気化学的に活性な電極材料と、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料と導通している電流コレクタ基板と
を備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料は、
金属シリサイドを含むナノワイヤと、
前記ナノワイヤをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時にリチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノワイヤは、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間で電流の伝導を円滑化させ、
前記電流コレクタ基板は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を含み、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含み、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、前記ナノワイヤの遊離している端部よりも基板に根付いている端部においてより高い濃度のNiを有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択されるリチウムイオン電池。 - リチウムイオン電池で利用されるリチウムイオン電池電極を製造する方法であって、
基板を受け取る段階と、
前記基板の表面上に金属シリサイドを含むナノワイヤを形成する段階と、
前記ナノワイヤ上に電気化学的に活性な材料の層を形成する段階と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時にリチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノワイヤは、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間で電流の伝導を円滑化させ、
前記ナノワイヤを形成する段階は、前記基板の前記表面の上方にシリコン含有前駆体を導入する段階を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成している段階の実行中、活性材料前駆体の組成を変化させる段階をさらに備え、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含み、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、前記ナノワイヤの遊離している端部よりも基板に根付いている端部においてより高い濃度のNiを有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択される方法。 - 前記金属シリサイドを含むナノワイヤを形成する段階の前に、酸化、アニーリング、還元、粗面化、スパッタリング、エッチング、電気メッキ、反転電気メッキ、化学気相成長、窒化物形成、および、中間層堆積から成る群から選択される1以上の方法を用いて前記基板を処理する段階をさらに備える請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記基板の前記表面上に上部副層を形成する段階をさらに備え、
前記上部副層は、前記金属シリサイドを含み、
前記上部副層の一部分は、前記金属シリサイドを形成する際に消費される請求項22または23に記載の方法。 - 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成する段階の前に、前記ナノワイヤの上方にパッシベーション層を選択的に堆積させる段階をさらに備える請求項22から24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成する段階は、前記ナノワイヤの遊離している端部に比べて前記基板の前記表面において、活性材料前駆体の濃度が大幅に低くなるように、物質移動方式で実行される請求項22から25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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CN105206794A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
JP6494558B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
US20110159365A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
CN102844917B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2543098A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
JP2016164885A (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
WO2011109477A3 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
US20190273252A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
US11024841B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
US10230101B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
US20120301789A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
US20130344383A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
EP2543098B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
JP2013521621A (ja) | 2013-06-10 |
WO2011109477A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
KR102061993B1 (ko) | 2020-01-02 |
CN102844917A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2543098A4 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
CN105206794B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
KR20130048201A (ko) | 2013-05-09 |
US8556996B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
US8257866B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
US9172094B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
US20160013483A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
KR101906606B1 (ko) | 2018-10-10 |
KR20180112101A (ko) | 2018-10-11 |
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