JP6494558B2 - 電極および電気化学的に活性な電極材料 - Google Patents
電極および電気化学的に活性な電極材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6494558B2 JP6494558B2 JP2016077671A JP2016077671A JP6494558B2 JP 6494558 B2 JP6494558 B2 JP 6494558B2 JP 2016077671 A JP2016077671 A JP 2016077671A JP 2016077671 A JP2016077671 A JP 2016077671A JP 6494558 B2 JP6494558 B2 JP 6494558B2
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- Prior art keywords
- silicide
- active material
- template
- electrochemically active
- substrate
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 187
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 180
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910021334 nickel silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910005883 NiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JUZTWRXHHZRLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu] Chemical compound [Si].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu] JUZTWRXHHZRLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021360 copper silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910005881 NiSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LKTZODAHLMBGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon;$l^{2}-alumanylidenesilylidenealuminum Chemical compound [Si]#[Al].[Si]#[Al].[Al]=[Si]=[Al] LKTZODAHLMBGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021357 chromium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021341 titanium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 147
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 89
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 47
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 mesh Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCFIHQSTJSCCBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ge] Chemical compound [C].[Ge] KCFIHQSTJSCCBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWJYDTCSUDMGSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn].[C] Chemical compound [Sn].[C] QWJYDTCSUDMGSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C FCDMDSDHBVPGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009421 internal insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Fe](F)F SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001127 nanoimprint lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002078 nanoshell Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CHJKOAVUGHSNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C CHJKOAVUGHSNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005704 oxymethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])O[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UDJMEHOEDIAPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Na+] UDJMEHOEDIAPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
本願は、米国仮特許出願第61/310,183号(出願日:2010年3月3日、発明の名称:「電気化学的に活性なシリサイド含有構造」)による恩恵を主張する。当該仮出願の内容は全て、参照により本願に組み込まれる。本願は、米国特許出願第12/437,529号(発明者:クイ他(Cui et al.)、発明の名称:「充電式電池用のナノ構造を含む電極」、出願日:2009年5月7日)の一部継続出願である。
なお、本願明細書に記載の実施形態によれば、以下の構成もまた開示される。
[項目1]
リチウムイオン電池で利用される電気化学的に活性な電極材料であって、
金属シリサイドを有するナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込み放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間での電流の伝導が円滑化され、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層が支持される電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目2]
前記金属シリサイドは、ニッケルシリサイド、ケイ化コバルト、ケイ化銅、ケイ化銀、ケイ化クロム、ケイ化チタン、ケイ化アルミニウム、ケイ化亜鉛、および、ケイ化鉄から成る群から選択される項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目3]
前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含む項目2に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目4]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、ゲルマニウム含有材料、および、炭素含有材料から成る群から選択される項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目5]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、シリサイド含有ナノワイヤを有する項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目6]
前記シリサイド含有ナノワイヤは、長さが平均で約1マイクロメートルと200マイクロメートルとの間である項目5に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目7]
前記シリサイド含有ナノワイヤは、直径が平均で約100ナノメートル未満である項目5に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目8]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、厚みが平均で少なくとも約100ナノメートルである項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目9]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記テンプレートに対する体積比は少なくとも約5である項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目10]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、アモルファスシリコンを含み、
前記層は、厚みが平均で少なくとも約100ナノメートルであり、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、ニッケルシリサイドナノワイヤを含み、前記ニッケルシリサイドナノワイヤは、長さが平均で約10マイクロメートルと50マイクロメートルとの間であり、直径が平均で約50ナノメートル、30ナノメートル、20ナノメートルおよび10ナノメートル未満である項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目11]
前記リチウムイオン電池において前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料のサイクルの前に、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、リン、ホウ素、ガリウムおよびリチウムのうち1以上によってドープされる項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目12]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層の上方に形成されているシェルをさらに備え、
前記シェルは、炭素、銅、ポリマー、硫化物、リチウムリン酸窒化物(LIPON)、金属酸化物、および、フッ素含有化合物から成る群から選択された1以上の材料を含む
項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目13]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、理論上のリチオ化容量が少なくとも約500mAh/gである項目1に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
[項目14]
リチウムイオン電池で利用されるリチウムイオン電極であって、
電気化学的に活性な電極材料と、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料と導通している電流コレクタ基板と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料は、
金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートをコーティングする電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間の電流の伝導が円滑化され、
前記電流コレクタ基板は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を含むリチウムイオン電極。
[項目15]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、前記基板に根付いているナノワイヤを含み、前記ナノワイヤは、遊離している端部と、前記基板に根付いている端部とを持つ項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目16]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、前記ナノワイヤの前記基板に根付いている端部に比べて前記遊離している端部において、厚みが少なくとも2倍である項目15に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目17]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、アモルファスシリコンおよびゲルマニウムを含み、
前記層は、前記ナノワイヤの前記基板に根付いている端部に比べて前記遊離している端部において、シリコンがより多く、ゲルマニウムがより少なくなっている項目15に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目18]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間に位置しており、前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間の金属結合および電子伝導を改善する中間副層をさらに備える項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目19]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間に位置しており、前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間の金属結合および電子伝導を改善する中間副層をさらに備える項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目20]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間に位置しており、前記ナノ構造テンプレートと前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層との間の弾性界面となる中間副層をさらに備える項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目21]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートの表面積の前記基板の表面積に対する比は、少なくとも約20である項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目22]
前記基板は、前記基板に隣接している基部層を有しており、前記基部層は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を略含まない項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目23]
前記基板は、銅、ニッケル、チタン、および、ステンレススチールから成る群から選択される1以上の材料を含む項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目24]
前記リチウムイオン電極は、負極である
項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目25]
前記リチウムイオン電極は、正極である
項目14に記載のリチウムイオン電極。
[項目26]
電気化学的に活性な電極材料と、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料と導通している電流コレクタ基板と
を備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記電気化学的に活性な電極材料は、
金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を有し、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時にリチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間で電流の伝導を円滑化させ、
前記電流コレクタ基板は、前記金属シリサイドの金属を含むリチウムイオン電池。
[項目27]
リチウムイオン電池で利用されるリチウムイオン電池電極を製造する方法であって、
基板を受け取る段階と、
前記基板の表面上に金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートを形成する段階と、
前記ナノ構造テンプレート上に電気化学的に活性な材料の層を形成する段階と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時にリチウムイオンを取り込んで放出し、
前記ナノ構造テンプレートは、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間で電流の伝導を円滑化させる方法。
[項目28]
前記金属シリサイドを含むナノ構造テンプレートを形成する段階の前に、酸化、アニーリング、還元、粗面化、スパッタリング、エッチング、電気メッキ、反転電気メッキ、化学気相成長、窒化物形成、および、中間層堆積から成る群から選択される1以上の方法を用いて前記基板を処理する段階をさらに備える項目27に記載の方法。
[項目29]
前記基板の前記表面上に金属部を形成する段階をさらに備え、
前記金属部の一部分は、前記金属シリサイドを形成する際に消費される項目27に記載の方法。
[項目30]
前記ナノ構造テンプレートを形成する段階は、前記基板の前記表面の上方にシリコン含有前駆体を導入する段階を有する項目27に記載の方法。
[項目31]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成する段階の前に、前記ナノ構造テンプレートの上方にパッシベーション層を選択的に堆積させる段階をさらに備える項目27に記載の方法。
[項目32]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成する段階は、前記ナノ構造テンプレートの遊離している端部に比べて前記基板の前記表面において、活性材料前駆体の濃度が大幅に低くなるように、物質移動方式で実行される項目27に記載の方法。
[項目33]
前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層を形成している段階の実行中、活性材料前駆体の組成を変化させる段階をさらに備える項目27に記載の方法。
Claims (14)
- 電流コレクタ基板と、
金属シリサイドの複数のナノワイヤを有し、前記電流コレクタ基板上に配置された第1のナノ構造テンプレートと、
金属シリサイドの複数のナノワイヤを有し、前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートの上方に堆積されている第2のナノ構造テンプレートと、
前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートおよび前記第2のナノ構造テンプレートの少なくとも一部上に設けられた電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を備え、
前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートおよび前記第2のナノ構造テンプレートに含まれる前記金属シリサイドは、ニッケルシリサイド、ケイ化コバルト、ケイ化銅、ケイ化銀、ケイ化クロム、ケイ化チタン、ケイ化アルミニウム、ケイ化亜鉛、および、ケイ化鉄から成る群から選択され、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択されている
電極。 - 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートに含まれる前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含む請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートは、複数のシリサイド含有ナノワイヤを有する請求項1または2に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートは、前記電流コレクタ基板に根付いている複数のナノワイヤを有する請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層は、前記複数のナノワイヤの前記電流コレクタ基板に根付いている端部に比べて遊離している端部において、厚みが少なくとも2倍である請求項4に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間に位置しており、前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間の金属結合および電子伝導の少なくとも一つを改善する中間副層をさらに備える請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間に位置しており、前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間の弾性界面となる中間副層をさらに備える請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートと前記電流コレクタ基板との間に設けられた中間副層をさらに備える請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートの基部にパッシベーション層をさらに備える請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- 前記第1のナノ構造テンプレートは、圧縮されている請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
- リチウムイオン電池で利用される電気化学的に活性な電極材料であって、
金属シリサイドを有するナノワイヤと、
前記ナノワイヤをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込み放出し、
前記ナノワイヤによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間での電流の伝導が円滑化され、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層が支持され、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、Ni2Si相、NiSi相およびNiSi2相から成る群から選択される少なくとも2つの異なるニッケルシリサイド相を含み、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択される
電気化学的に活性な電極材料。 - リチウムイオン電池で利用される電気化学的に活性な電極材料であって、
金属シリサイドを有するナノワイヤと、
前記ナノワイヤをコーティングしている電気化学的に活性な材料の層と
を備え、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、前記リチウムイオン電池のサイクル時に、リチウムイオンを取り込み放出し、
前記ナノワイヤによって、前記電気化学的に活性な材料との間での電流の伝導が円滑化され、前記電気化学的に活性な材料の前記層が支持され、
前記ナノワイヤの前記金属シリサイドは、前記ナノワイヤの遊離している端部に比べて基板に根付いている端部において金属の濃度が高く、
前記電気化学的に活性な材料は、結晶質シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、シリコン酸化物、シリコン酸窒化物、スズ含有材料、および、ゲルマニウム含有材料から成る群から選択される
前記金属シリサイドは、ニッケルシリサイド、ケイ化コバルト、ケイ化銅、ケイ化銀、ケイ化クロム、ケイ化チタン、ケイ化アルミニウム、ケイ化亜鉛、および、ケイ化鉄から成る群から選択される
電気化学的に活性な電極材料。 - 前記金属は、ニッケルであり、前記金属シリサイドは、ニッケルシリサイドである
請求項12に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。 - 前記金属は、銅であり、前記金属シリサイドは、ケイ化銅である
請求項12に記載の電気化学的に活性な電極材料。
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