JP5738761B2 - 複合電極材 - Google Patents
複合電極材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5738761B2 JP5738761B2 JP2011520289A JP2011520289A JP5738761B2 JP 5738761 B2 JP5738761 B2 JP 5738761B2 JP 2011520289 A JP2011520289 A JP 2011520289A JP 2011520289 A JP2011520289 A JP 2011520289A JP 5738761 B2 JP5738761 B2 JP 5738761B2
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 oxysilicate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical group CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000875 Dissolving pulp Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWNKSTSCBHKHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl RWNKSTSCBHKHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- PRDNPBZHTNWUGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium dihydrogen phosphate hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].OP(O)(O)=O PRDNPBZHTNWUGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXZSFWHOSHAKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl SXZSFWHOSHAKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetylene Chemical compound C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006704 dehydrohalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116349 dibasic ammonium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorocyclopentadiene Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AFSWOABZOLEQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-J iron(4+);hydroxide;phosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Fe+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O AFSWOABZOLEQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000779 poly(divinylbenzene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000417 polynaphthalene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
本発明の複合材料は炭素繊維と複合酸化物粒子とを含有して成るものである。当該炭素繊維および複合酸化物粒子はそれらの表面の少なくとも一部が炭素被覆されている。そして当該炭素被覆は、非粉末被覆である。
本発明の製法は、複合酸化物またはそれの前駆体、有機炭素前駆体および炭素繊維を混合し、次いで該混合物を熱処理することを含む。
LiFePO4 ; フォステックリチウム社製のLiFePO4粒子からなる材料。
VGCF(商標) ; 昭和電工株式会社(日本)製の繊維状炭素(繊維径:150nm、繊維長:約10μm、比表面積:13m2/g、導電率:0.1mΩ.cm、純度:>99.95)。
PVDF ; 株式会社クレハ(日本)製のポリフッ化ビニリデン。
SBR ; 日本ゼオン株式会社(日本)製のスチレンブタジエンゴム、BM400(商標)。
最初に、ラクトース9.0gを水に溶解させ、これにLi2CO3 18.6g、FePO4・2H2O 112.5g、およびVGCF5gを加えた。次に、該反応混合物を調整されたN2雰囲気にて120℃で一晩加熱して溶媒を除去した。次いで、該乾燥混合物を窒素雰囲気にて710℃で焙焼した。
第一回目のサイクルではクーロン効率EC1が95%であり、
第二回目のサイクルではクーロン効率EC2が100%であり、可逆比容量Qrevが151.9mAh/gである。
最初に、酢酸セルロース3.56gをアセトンに溶解させ、これにLi2CO3 9.3g、FePO4・2H2O 56.3g、およびVGCF2.5gを加えた。次に、該反応混合物を調整されたN2雰囲気にて120℃で一晩加熱して溶媒を除去した。次いで、該乾燥混合物を窒素雰囲気にて710℃で焙焼した。
第一回目のサイクルではクーロン効率EC1が97%であり、
第二回目のサイクルではクーロン効率EC2が100%であり、可逆比容量Qrevが159mAh/gである。
LiFePO4 94g、カーボンブラック3gおよびグラファイト3gの混合物をノビルタ混合器を用いて機械的に分散させた。そうして得られた混合粉末を使用して、正電極を作製し、実施例1と同じ手法でコイン電池を組み立てた。コイン電池に、2Vと4Vとの間で、C/24の条件で、定電流で、充放電を繰り返した。
第一回目のサイクルではクーロン効率EC1が96%であり、
第二回目のサイクルではクーロン効率EC2が100%であり、可逆比容量Qrevが141mAh/gである。
実施例1、実施例2および実施例3にて組み立てた3つのコイン電池それぞれについて、高放電レートにおける電力性能を試験した。図6、7および8に、各電池の放電容量を示す。1Cレートおよび10Cレートにおける比容量を下記の表に示す。
Claims (21)
- 複合酸化物70〜99.8重量%、炭素繊維0.1〜20重量%、および炭素被覆0.1〜10重量%を含有して成る複合材料であって、
前記炭素繊維は、直径が1〜200nmで且つアスペクト比(長さ/直径)が20〜2000である繊維フィラメントからなるものであり、
該炭素繊維および複合酸化物粒子は、それらの表面の少なくとも一部が炭素被覆されていて、且つ当該炭素被覆が非粉末被覆であり、且つ
前記複合酸化物粒子は炭素被覆された炭素繊維に担持されている炭素被覆されたナノサイズの粒子である、
複合材料。 - 複合酸化物粒子および炭素繊維の表面に在る炭素被覆の厚さが100nm未満である、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 複合酸化物が 一般式: AaMmZzOoNnFf で表されるものである、請求項1または2に記載の複合材料。
但し、Aは1種以上のアルカリ金属を示し; Mは1種以上の遷移金属と、随意に含有させることができる1種以上の非遷移金属またはそれらの混合物とを示し; Zは1種以上の非金属元素を示す。 a≧0、m≧0、z≧0、o≧0、n≧0およびf≧0であり; a、m、o、n、fおよびzは電子的中性を確保するように選ばれる。 - Aがリチウムを示す請求項3に記載の複合材料。
- Mが、Fe、Mn、V、Ti、Mo、Nb、W、Znおよびそれらの混合物から選ばれる遷移金属元素と、随意に選ばれる非遷移金属とを示す、請求項3または4に記載の複合材料。
- Zが、P、S、Se、As、Si、Ge、Bおよびそれらの混合物から選ばれる非金属を示す、請求項3〜5のいずれかひとつに記載の複合材料。
- 複合酸化物が、リン酸塩、オキシリン酸塩、ケイ酸塩、オキシケイ酸塩、およびフルオロリン酸塩から選ばれる、請求項1または2に記載の複合材料。
- 複合酸化物が、LiFePO4である、請求項1または2に記載の複合材料。
- 複合酸化物またはそれの前駆体と、有機炭素前駆体と、炭素繊維とを混ぜ合わせ、
次いで、不活性または還元性の雰囲気で当該混合物を熱処理して前記前駆体を分解させることを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれかひとつに記載の複合材料の製造方法。 - 前記混合物は有機溶媒中で調製され、前記の熱処理は溶媒を除去する第一段階と前駆体を分解する第二段階とを含む、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 有機炭素前駆体が、液体状の化合物、溶媒に可溶な化合物、または熱分解処理の際に液体状になる化合物である、請求項9または10に記載の製造方法。
- 複合酸化物前駆体と有機炭素前駆体と炭素繊維とを溶媒に溶解または均一分散させて、複合酸化物前駆体、炭素繊維および有機炭素前駆体を含有する混合物を得、
得られた均一混合物を、溶媒が除去される温度で第一熱処理し、次いで複合酸化物前駆体が反応して複合酸化物が形成され且つ有機炭素前駆体が炭化される温度で第二熱処理することによって複合電極材を調製する、請求項1〜8のいずれかひとつに記載の複合材料の製造方法。 - 複合酸化物と有機炭素前駆体と炭素繊維とを溶媒に溶解または均一分散させ、次いで溶媒を蒸発除去させて、複合酸化物、炭素繊維および有機炭素前駆体を含有する混合物を得、
得られた均一混合物を、有機炭素前駆体が炭化される温度で熱処理することによって複合電極材を調製する、請求項1〜8のいずれかひとつに記載の複合材料の製造方法。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれかひとつに記載の複合材料と結着剤との混合物である電極材を、集電体上に設けて成る電極。
- 結着剤がフッ素系重合体である、請求項14に記載の電極。
- 電極材が、気相成長炭素繊維0.5〜20重量%を含有する、請求項14または15に記載の電極。
- 電極材が、気相成長炭素繊維0.5〜5重量%、複合酸化物70〜95重量%、およびポリマー結着剤1〜25重量%、これらの総量100重量%を含有する、請求項14〜16のいずれかひとつに記載の電極。
- 複合材料と結着剤と低沸点有機溶媒とを混ぜ合わせ、当該混合物を集電体として機能する導電性支持体上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発除去させることを含む、請求項14〜17のいずれかひとつに記載の電極の製造方法。
- 少なくとも一つのアノード、請求項14〜18のいずれかひとつに記載の電極からなる一つのカソード、および電解質を含んでなる電気化学電池。
- リチウム塩を含む電解質と、リチウム、リチウム合金、またはリチウムイオンを可逆的に交換可能な化合物から成るアノードと、請求項14〜18のいずれかひとつに記載の電極からなるカソードとを有する、充電式電池。
- リチウム塩を含む電解質と、リチウム、リチウム合金、またはリチウムイオンを可逆的に交換可能な化合物から成るアノードと、請求項14〜18のいずれかひとつに記載の電極からなるカソードとを有する、非充電式電池。
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US20110123858A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
US9240596B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
KR101655859B1 (ko) | 2016-09-08 |
CN105789587B (zh) | 2024-05-14 |
CN102106021A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
WO2010012076A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2319110A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
EP2319110A4 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
KR20110065435A (ko) | 2011-06-15 |
WO2010012076A8 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
JP2011529257A (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
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