JP5575223B2 - 非侵襲性換気システム、患者の気道閉塞を少なくするシステムおよび睡眠時無呼吸を治療するデバイス - Google Patents
非侵襲性換気システム、患者の気道閉塞を少なくするシステムおよび睡眠時無呼吸を治療するデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
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- A61M16/0006—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with means for creating vibrations in patients' airways
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2009年4月2日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/166,150号、2009年9月3日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/239,728号、2009年10月28日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/255,760号、および2010年1月12日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/294,363号の特典を請求するものであり、これらの内容を全体的に本明細書に参照として援用する。
1)寸法/関係
a.噴射ノズル17201の直径、および鼻孔開口17203からの距離は、鼻孔17203に入るときに、ジェットの輪郭17205が鼻孔17203とほぼ同じ直径であるようにすることができる。図166を参照。
b.噴射ノズル17201は、最大性能のために鼻孔17203と同心に配置することができることが好ましいが、この構成によりいくつかの状況では雑音が増加する可能性がある。
2)材料
a.半剛性エラストマーを患者の快適性のために使用することができる。
b.これらの構成によって生成される音の大部分は、鼻孔開口での低速度取り込み空気と高速度噴射の混合によるものである可能性がある。材料の選択は、音に影響を与えない可能性が最も高い。
3)流出速度
a.流出速度は、できるだけ大きな噴射流量を作り出すために、最大化された音流速であることが好ましい。制限は、換気装置ソース圧力制限、およびピーク運搬流要件を含むことができる。
4)取り込み/流れ増幅
a.これらの構成では、合計流は、増大された流れの最大4倍以上であってもよい。
5)圧力生成
a.約17cmH2Oの値(@0呼吸流)が観察された。
6)感知ポート
a.感知ポートは、できるだけ鼻孔開口に近接させることができる。マスクは、鼻孔開口を僅かに閉塞させ、それによって閉塞と鼻孔開口の間に配置された感知ポートは、吸気努力の間に閉塞による圧力低下を感知することができることが好ましい。
1)寸法/関係
a.噴射直径17401、および噴射から咽喉部17403の端部までの距離は、噴射輪郭17405が、図168に示すように、咽喉部への入口での咽喉直径と実質的に等しくなるように構成することができる。別の許容可能な極度は、噴射直径17501、および噴射から咽喉部17503の端部までの距離は、噴射輪郭17505が、図169に示すように、咽喉部から出る直前に入るときに、咽喉と実質的に同じ直径になるように構成することができる場合である。
b.噴射部を最大性能のために咽喉と同軸に配置することができるが、この構成は他の構成より騒がしい可能性がある。
c.噴射部は、性能をあきらかに低下させることなく、最大雑音減衰のために正接近くおよび僅かな角度に配置することができる。
d.咽喉部の経路は、領域および方向を明らかに変更することなく、かなり直線であってもよい。これは、噴流輪郭が咽喉直径に等しい位置まで適用することができる。この臨界点を超えて、幾何形状をより有機的にすることができる。
2)材料
a.半剛性エラストマーを患者の快適性のために使用することができる。
b.半剛性エラストマーはまた、鼻インターフェイスのマニホールド部内に生成されるあらゆる雑音を減衰させるのに有用である可能性がある。
3)流出速度
a.流出速度は、できるだけ大きな噴射流量をもたらすために、最大化された音流速であることが好ましい。制限は、換気装置ソース圧力制限、およびピーク運搬流要件を含むことができる。
4)取り込み/流れ増幅
a.これらの構成では、合計流は、増大された流れの最大4倍以上であってもよい。
5)圧力生成
a.約25cmH2Oの値(@0呼吸流)が観察されたが、30cmH2O以上の値も可能である。
6)感知ポート
a.感知ポートは、マスク内の取り込み開口と鼻まくらの間に配置することができる。取り込み開口は、感知ポートが測定するために差圧を与える可能性がある。
b.咽喉部が大きな圧力容量のためにネック・ダウンするように構成されている場合、このネッキングと鼻まくらの間に感知ポートを配置することが好ましい可能性がある。これにより、感知ポートで利用可能な差圧を大きくすることができる。
Claims (48)
- 鼻の側部まで延在するように適合される近接横端部を備える少なくとも1つの外側管において、少なくとも1つの外側管と、
少なくとも1つの鼻孔に衝突するためのおよび前記少なくとも1つの外側管を前記少なくとも1つの鼻孔に対して位置決めするための、前記外側管の遠位部にある少なくとも1つの結合器と、
前記近接横端部のところにおいて前記外側管内に位置され、加圧気体サプライに流体連通される少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルと、
前記鼻孔に流体連通されるように適合される、前記遠位部内にある少なくとも1つの開口と、
外気に流体連通される、前記少なくとも1つの外側管内にある少なくとも1つの開口部において、前記少なくとも1つの開口部が前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルに近接する、少なくとも1つの開口部と
を有する非侵襲性換気システム。 - 前記外側管は、実質的に反対方向に延在する第1の外側管および第2の外側管を有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルが前記第1の外側管内に位置され、少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルは前記第2の外側管内に位置される、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の外側管は分割装置により前記第2の外側管から分離される、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの外側管がマニホールドである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記マニホールド内の気体流路が湾曲しており、また、急激な角度および隅部を有さない、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも1つの結合器が鼻まくらである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 患者が前記少なくとも1つの開口部を通して自発呼吸できるように、前記少なくとも1つの結合器が鼻孔を密封する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルの遠位先端は前記少なくとも1つの開口部のところに位置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルは、前記少なくとも1つの開口部から入る外気と実質的に平行な方向に加圧気体を案内する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記外側管内に少なくとも1つの二次開口部をさらに有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルは、一次気体流路に同軸に加圧気体を案内する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- フィルタをさらに有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記外側管を通る少なくとも1つの気体流路をさらに有し、加圧気体が前記気体流路の壁に向かうように案内される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 自発呼吸を感知するための少なくとも1つのセンサをさらに有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 呼吸の段階と同期して加圧気体を運搬するための換気装置をさらに有する、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの開口部の断面積が前記咽喉部の断面積より大きい、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが着用可能換気装置および加圧気体サプライをさらに有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは換気装置をさらに有し、前記換気装置は制御ユニットを有し、前記制御ユニットは、少なくとも1つセンサからの情報に基づいて患者の換気需要に適合するように前記換気装置の出力を調節する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは換気装置をさらに有し、前記換気装置が制御ユニットを有し、前記制御ユニットが会話モード感知システムを有し、前記制御ユニットは、患者が話しているときの前記換気装置の出力を患者の自発呼吸と非同期しないように調節する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは換気装置をさらに有し、前記換気装置は制御ユニットを有し、前記制御ユニットが無呼吸または呼吸低下感知システムを有し、前記制御ユニットは、無呼吸または呼吸低下に応じて前記換気装置の出力を調節する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記外側管は、二次開口部、前記開口部のためのフィルタ、織り目加工表面、消音器、消音材料、角度付けされた噴射ノズル、非同心噴射ノズル位置、および、それらの組み合わせから構成される群から選択される消音機構を有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 左側鼻孔に衝突するように適合される左側遠位端と、前記左側鼻孔に空気圧連通される、前記左側遠位端内にある少なくとも1つの左側開口と、外気に流体連通される、左外側管の左近位端部とを有する左外側管において、前記左外側管の前記左近位端部は顔の中間線から離れるように横方向に湾曲する、左外側管と、
右側鼻孔に衝突するように適合される右側遠位端と、前記右側鼻孔に空気圧連通される、前記右側遠位端内にある少なくとも1つの右側開口と、外気に流体連通される、右外側管の右近位端部と、を有する右外側管において、前記右外側管の前記右近位端部が前記顔の前記中間線から離れるように横方向に湾曲する、右外側管と、を有する鼻インタフェースと、
換気気体を前記左外側管内へ案内するための1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズルにおいて、前記1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズルが加圧気体サプライに流体連通される、1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズルと、
換気気体を前記右外側管内へ案内するための1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズルにおいて、前記1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズルは加圧気体サプライに流体連通する、1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズルと
を有し、
外気に流体連通される、前記左外側管内にある少なくとも1つの左開口部において、前記少なくとも1つの左開口部が前記左側噴射ノズルに近接し、
外気に流体連通される、前記右外側管内にある少なくとも1つの右開口部において、前記少なくとも1つの右開口部が前記右側噴射ノズルに近接
する非侵襲性換気システム。 - 前記1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズル、前記1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズル、あるいはそれらの両方は、前記左外側管の、前記右外側管の、またはそれらの両方の内壁に向かうように案内される、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記左外側管および前記右外側管が噴射ポンプ咽喉および噴射ポンプ拡散器を有する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズルが前記左外側管の入口と同一平面上にあり、前記1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズルは前記右外側管の入口と同一平面上にある、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズルは前記左外側管の入口内にあり、前記1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズルが前記右外側管の入口内にある、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数の左側噴射ノズルは前記左外側管の入口の外側にあり、前記1つまたは複数の右側噴射ノズルが前記右外側管の入口の外側にある、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも1つの感知管腔をさらに有する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも1つの二次感知管腔をさらに有する、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 薬物運搬管腔をさらに有する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 湿度運搬管腔をさらに有する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記左外側管と前記右外側管との間に結合器をさらに有する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記左外側管が前記右外側管に対して旋回する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 呼吸の段階と同期して換気気体を運搬するための換気装置をさらに有する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 外気が前記外側管を通して取り込まれる、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 前記換気気体および前記取り込まれる外気が、肺圧力を増大させる、肺容量を増大させる、呼吸の動作を少なくする、または、気道圧力を増大させる、請求項36に記載のシステム。
- 前記左外側管および前記右外側管は顔に対して固定されている、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 患者の気道閉塞を少なくするシステムであって、前記システムは、
換気装置と、
制御ユニットと、
前記換気装置に流体連通される近位端部および鼻インターフェースに流体連通される遠位端を備える気体運搬回路と、
鼻インターフェースにおいて:
少なくとも1つの噴射ノズル;および
呼吸努力パターンを検出するためのおよび気道開通性の補助する必要性を検出するための、前記制御ユニットに連通される少なくとも1つの自発呼吸センサ
を有する鼻インターフェースと
を有し、
前記システムが大気に対して開放されており、
前記制御ユニットが2つ以上の気体出力速度を決定し、前記2つ以上の気体出力速度が自発呼吸努力サイクルの複数の部分と同期しており、1つの気体出力速度が気道開通性の補助需要によって決定される、
前記鼻インターフェースは、
鼻の側部に向かって延在するように適合される近接横端部を備える少なくとも1つの外側管と、
少なくとも1つの鼻孔に衝突するためのおよび前記少なくとも1つの外側管を前記少なくとも1つの鼻孔に対して位置決めするための、前記外側管の遠位部にある少なくとも1つの結合器と、
前記鼻孔に流体連通されるように適合される、前記遠位部内にある少なくとも1つの開口と、
外気に流体連通される、前記少なくとも1つの外側管内にある少なくとも1つの開口部において、前記少なくとも1つの開口部が前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルに近接する、少なくとも1つの開口部と
をさらに有し、
前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルは、前記近接横端部のところにおいて前記外側管内に位置され、加圧気体サプライに流体連通される、
患者の気道閉塞を少なくするシステム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルが自由空間内に位置されるように適合され、加圧気体を鼻の入口に直接に運搬するように位置合わせされる、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記鼻インターフェースが前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルのための支持体をさらに有する、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 患者が鼻を通して外気を自発呼吸できる、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結合器が鼻クッションである、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 睡眠時無呼吸を治療するデバイスであって、前記デバイスは:
制御システムを備える換気装置と;
気体サプライと;
少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルおよび少なくとも1つの呼吸センサを有する、大気に対して開放されている鼻インターフェースと;
換気気体を運搬するために前記換気装置を前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルに空気圧接続する気体運搬回路と
を有し、
前記鼻インターフェースは、前記少なくとも1つの呼吸センサを鼻孔入口に近接させて位置させるように適合され、さらに、前記少なくとも1つの呼吸センサの遠位側において前記鼻孔入口から一定距離だけ離して前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルを位置させるように適合される、
前記鼻インターフェースは、
鼻の側部に向かって延在するように適合される近接横端部を備える少なくとも1つの外側管と、
少なくとも1つの鼻孔に衝突するためのおよび前記少なくとも1つの外側管を前記少なくとも1つの鼻孔に対して位置決めするための、前記外側管の遠位部にある少なくとも1つの結合器と、
前記鼻孔に流体連通されるように適合される、前記遠位部内にある少なくとも1つの開口と、
外気に流体連通される、前記少なくとも1つの外側管内にある少なくとも1つの開口部において、前記少なくとも1つの開口部が前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルに近接する、少なくとも1つの開口部と
をさらに有し、
前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルは、前記近接横端部のところにおいて前記外側管内に位置され、加圧気体サプライに流体連通される、
睡眠時無呼吸を治療するデバイス。 - 前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルが自由空間内に位置されるように適合され、換気気体を鼻の入口に直接に運搬するように位置合わせされる、請求項44に記載のデバイス。
- 前記鼻インターフェースは前記少なくとも1つの噴射ノズルのための支持体を有する、
請求項44に記載のデバイス。 - 患者が鼻を通して外気を自発呼吸できる、請求項44に記載のデバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの結合器は鼻クッションである、請求項44に記載のデバイス。
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