JP5553778B2 - 電気化学デバイス用材料 - Google Patents
電気化学デバイス用材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5553778B2 JP5553778B2 JP2010549183A JP2010549183A JP5553778B2 JP 5553778 B2 JP5553778 B2 JP 5553778B2 JP 2010549183 A JP2010549183 A JP 2010549183A JP 2010549183 A JP2010549183 A JP 2010549183A JP 5553778 B2 JP5553778 B2 JP 5553778B2
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- Prior art keywords
- boron nitride
- cell
- cathode
- matrix
- membrane
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 107
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 hydride form Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 4
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- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical class [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Description
用語「窒化ホウ素の活性化」とは、窒化ホウ素においてプロトン伝導を促進するためのプロセスを意味する。活性化窒化ホウ素において、形成されるB−OH、NH、B−SO4H、B−SO3H、N−SO4HおよびN−SO3H結合の数は、基B−OHもしくはBSOXHから、または基NHもしくはN−SOXHから、隣接する酸素もしくは窒素における、または基NH2 +、BOH2 +、B−SOXH2 +もしくはN−SOXH2 +を形成する基OHもしくはNHにおける孤立電子対へのプロトンの置き換えを可能にするには十分である。
カソード、および
プロトン交換膜を含み、カソードおよび該膜のうちの少なくとも一方、特にプロトン交換膜が、上記の材料を含むか、または該材料からさらに形成されているセルでもある。
用いる窒化ホウ素は、六方晶系型に好ましくは結晶化されていてよい。材料は、例えば、乱層窒化ホウ素、すなわち、結晶平面が、結晶化、例えば窒化ホウ素の六方晶系結晶化の理論的位置に対して僅かにずれている場合があり、膨大な平面積層体および互いにあまり維持されていない平面をもたらし、これらの平面は、僅かにより分離されている窒化ホウ素を含む。
マトリックスは、浸透した窒化ホウ素粒子、例えば、マトリックスを形成する化合物を介して互いに強固に付着した粒子を含んでいてよい。このマトリックスは、全ての種類の有機もしくは無機材料、または有機および無機の両方であるハイブリッド材料から得ることができる。
マトリックス自体は、プロトン伝導体であってもよいが、他方で、プロトン伝導体でなくてもよく、またはプロトン伝導体を含有していてもよい。
カソード、例えばカソード用触媒層、プロトン交換膜、例えばアノード用触媒層、およびアノードを含み、触媒層を有するカソードおよび該膜のうちの少なくとも一方、特にプロトン交換膜が、上記の材料を含むか、または該材料からさらに形成されているセルでもある。
炭素電極を製造するための技術の1つは、炭素粒子間の結合剤としてTeflonを用いることにある。この技術を、可撓性でありPVA系膜に比べてより熱安定性である膜を得るために、BNに適用する。
いずれかの酸性溶液をブフナー漏斗に注入し、反応の10分後に過剰分を濾去して膜をヒュームカップボードで乾燥させる(12時間)か、
または、膜をブフナー漏斗から除去して酸性溶液に少なくとも2時間浸漬させ、次いで屋外で乾燥させる。
メルクシリカゲル−40〜63μm、細孔60Å−参照コード9385
標準グレードTLCシリカゲル:288500−2〜25μm−Sigma参照
Lichrosphere 8.7〜15.4μm(平均12μm)、細孔60Å−メルク参照コード19654
Davisilグレード633シリカゲル−38〜75μm、細孔60Å−Sigma参照コード236772
Davisilグレード643シリカゲル−38〜75μm、細孔150Å−Sigma参照コード236810
スルホン化ポリエーテルスルホン(PESS)ERAS製品参照コードUDEL P3500(酸形態)イオン交換膜0.76meq./モノマー単位。
所要量のシリカを秤量して乳鉢内に投入し、その後、所要量のBNを投入する。
2.5g/25mLまたは2.5g/50mLのPESSのテトラヒドロフラン溶液(この溶液は僅かに濁っている)を実験室において調製する。
既知量のシリカを乳鉢内に投入し、十分に大きい体積(約5〜10mL/gのSiO2)のPESS溶液(PESSの所望の最終百分率に応じて濃度を選択する)をシリカ上に投入して、これを湿らせ、砕けやすいダウを形成する。
全てのアセンブリを、H−TEKセルにおいて2.25cm2の作業領域を有する膜を用いて作製した。
2 プロトン交換膜
3 アノード
4 カソード
6 多孔質基材
10 フレーム
2 るつぼ
15 カソード
20 カソード
30 アノード
40 アノード
50 カソード
61 第1ステップ
62 第2ステップ
63 ステップ
64 ステップ
65 ステップ
66 ステップ
Claims (29)
- マトリックスおよび該マトリックスに含まれる窒化ホウ素を含む、電気化学デバイスの材料であって、
前記窒化ホウ素は、電気化学デバイスの製造に使用される前に、B−OH、B−SO 4 H、B−SO 3 H、N−SO 4 H、N−SO 3 Hおよび/またはNH 2 結合が形成されたことで活性化された活性化窒化ホウ素である材料。 - 窒化ホウ素が、マトリックス内で互いに浸透した粒子の形態である、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 窒化ホウ素が、焼結した粒子の形態である、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 窒化ホウ素が、六方晶系形で結晶化されている、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の材料。
- 窒化ホウ素が、乱層である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の材料。
- 鉱物マトリックスを含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の材料。
- 有機材料および無機材料のうち少なくとも一方を含むマトリックスを含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の材料。
- 窒化ホウ素が、70%未満の質量比率で材料中に存在する、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の材料。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の材料から作製された、または作製されうる、押し出されたフィルム。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の材料の層を含む、電気化学デバイスのプロトン交換膜。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の材料から少なくとも部分的に作製された、電気化学デバイスの電極。
- 燃料電池、電解槽または蓄電池のセルであって、
アノード、
カソード、および
プロトン交換膜を含み、カソードおよび該膜のうちの少なくとも一方が、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の材料を含むセル。 - 請求項11に記載のカソードまたはアノードを含む、請求項12に記載のセル。
- カソードの全外面が、窒化ホウ素を含む材料でコーティングされている、請求項12に記載のセル。
- 窒化ホウ素が粉状である、請求項14に記載のセル。
- カソードが巻かれている、請求項12から15のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- 円筒形の全体形状であり、プロトン交換膜が、カソードを包囲する円筒形の外被を構成する、請求項12から16のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- プロトン交換膜が、水素に不浸透性である、請求項12から17のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- プロトン交換膜が、非多孔質である、請求項12から18のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- プロトン交換膜が、ゼロでない表面多孔率を有する、請求項12から19のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- プロトン交換膜の厚さが、300μm以下である、請求項12から20のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- プロトン交換膜用の支持基材を含む、請求項12から20のいずれか一項に記載のセル。
- 請求項12から22のいずれか一項に記載のセルを含む電解槽。
- 請求項12から22のいずれか一項に記載のセル、ならびにカソード側で燃料を運搬するための回路、およびアノード側で酸化剤を運搬するための回路を含む燃料電池。
- セルに供給することを意図した水素が、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の材料に水素化物形態で貯蔵されている、請求項24に記載のセル。
- マトリックスおよび該マトリックスに含まれる窒化ホウ素を含む電気化学デバイス用材料を活性化させるプロセスであって、材料を流体に曝して、ヒドロキシルラジカル-OHおよび/もしくはH3O+ならびに/またはSO4 2-イオンを与え、窒化ホウ素においてB-OH、B-SO4H、B-SO3H、N-SO4H、N-SO3Hおよび/またはNH2結合を生成するプロセス。
- 活性化が電界の存在下で起こる、請求項26に記載のプロセス。
- 材料を酸性溶液に曝す、請求項26または27に記載のプロセス。
- 材料を塩基性溶液に曝す、請求項26または27に記載のプロセス。
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US10693137B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2020-06-23 | Boron Nitride Power, Llc | Functionalized boron nitride materials as electroactive species in electrochemical energy storage devices |
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RU2010136728A (ru) | 2012-04-20 |
US9105907B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 |
CA2717295C (fr) | 2016-11-29 |
IL207832A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
UA101647C2 (ru) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2253036A1 (fr) | 2010-11-24 |
IL207832A (en) | 2016-12-29 |
JP2011517331A (ja) | 2011-06-02 |
CA2717295A1 (fr) | 2009-09-24 |
FR2928492A1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 |
RU2516309C2 (ru) | 2014-05-20 |
FR2928492B1 (fr) | 2011-10-21 |
US20150299877A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
WO2009115732A1 (fr) | 2009-09-24 |
AU2009227158A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
US20110091789A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
CN101965657B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
CN101965657A (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
MA32138B1 (fr) | 2011-03-01 |
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