JP5419965B2 - 詰まった血管通路を突き抜けて進むためのカテーテルシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
詰まった血管通路を突き抜けて進むためのカテーテルシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
或る実施形態では、カテーテル及び切削ヘッド自体さえも、その中心部が中空であってもよく、装置は、カテーテル及び切削ヘッドを所望の位置へ向かわせるのにガイドワイヤを用いてもよい。その代わりに、ガイドワイヤが、カテーテル管(チューブ:tube)の外側に取り付けられたガイド部に取り付けられてもよい。少なくとも幾つかの実施形態では、シースヘッドは、動作停止装置(motion stop)として働き、切削ヘッドの前方への伸長を制限するように設計された、1つ若しくはそれ以上の(例えば機械的な障害物のような)動作停止要素を含んでいてもよい。
本技術のその他の適用には、装置が尿管を行き来するように意図されることになる腎結石の除去;装置が胆管を行き来するように意図されることになる胆石の除去;装置が尿道を行き来するように意図されることになる尿道の前立腺肥大閉塞の除去;装置が卵管を行き来するように意図されることになる閉塞した卵管の除去;血栓の治療,肺の中に閉じ込められた物質の除去、などがある。
一般に、人体の管腔内で場所を占めるあらゆる好ましからざる物質は、これらの技法によって外科的に除去することができる。同様に、殆どの例では人間の患者における適用が引き合いに出されているけれども、同じ技法が動物においても有用であることは明白である。
螺旋状のセルフタッピングねじビットは、若干異なるように設計されている。様々の物質を貫通して切削するのには正しく効果的ではあるけれども、ドリルビットは、物質を切削しその後その物質を除去するように構成されており、一方、セルフタッピングねじビットは、第一義的には、物質を貫通して通路を切削するために設計されている。何れのタイプの装置についても、問題は、切削あるいは閉塞物除去の効能ではない;問題は、周囲の動脈に不用意に損傷を及ぼすことを防止することである。
切削ヘッドの回転方向は、随意的に変化させられることができ、例えば、ヘッドを反時計回り方向に回転させることによって障害物または閉塞物を貫通して鈍的切開を実行し、その後、組立体(アッセンブリ:assembly)全体を後退させる間は時計回り方向へ回転させられる。所望の切削が達成されると、切削ヘッドは迅速に保護シースに戻されなければならない。装置全体は、ミリメータ単位の直径の典型的な動脈内で操作され、カテーテル上でかなりの距離にわたって身体内へねじ込まれなければならない。
また、この議論に関して、「スロット(slot)」とは、中空のカテーテルヘッド(106)の内側から外側に開口する開口部であると見なされ、一方、「グロウブ(grove)」はライフル・グロウブ(rifle grove)に似ており、当該「グロウブ」は、中空のシースヘッドの内側から外側の全部にわたって広がるのではなく、シースヘッド材料の途中まで侵入しているに過ぎない。
ブレードの角度およびその設計は、当該ヘッドが、単に閉塞している材料を貫通して切削することだけを企図したものであるのか、閉塞部分を貫通して切削し且つ閉塞部分を実際に除去(減量)することを企図したものであるのか、に依って異なる。例えば、材料を除去することを企図したブレードは、塞いでいる材料と身体の管腔との間でリンク(link)としての役割を果たす傾向があるように、或る角度で曲がっているかも知れない。一方、切削だけを企図したブレードは、このようなリンクの役割を果たす傾向がない、代替的な角度を有することになろう。
(「トルク伝達コネクタ」の一つの可能なタイプである)内側トルク伝達チューブは、外側カテーテルチューブに対し相対的に捩ることができ、その結果、ハンドル端部(104)で内側チューブにトルクが加えられると、切削ヘッド(108)は回転するが、外側カテーテルチューブに結合されたカテーテル・シースヘッド自体は概略的には静止状態に留まる。この代わりに、内側チューブ(408)に代えてケーブルが用いられてもよい。
幾つかの実施形態では、切削ヘッド(108)が、カテーテルヘッド(106)のシースヘッド部分に対して、どれだけ回転したか、若しくはどれだけ伸長したか、を測定するためにセンサが用いられてもよく、おそらく機械的もしくは電子的な計算および表示機構に支援されたこれらセンサは、切削ヘッドがどれだけ回転し、及び/又は伸長したかを操作者に示すことができる。
他の実施形態では、カテーテルハンドルは、ユーザが精密な制御されたやり方で切削ヘッドを回転させ前進させることができるようにする、例えば電子モータなどの機構、及び、例えばボタンや引き金などの制御手段を備えている。
この機構は、例えば、マイクロプロセッサ若しくはフィードバック制御のモータ,マイクロプロセッサ及びソフトウェアで構成され、当該ソフトウェアは、切削ヘッドの回転または伸長センサから情報を受け取り、この回転フィードバックデータを、ボタン又は引き金によってもたらされるオペレータの指示と関連付けて用い、オペレータの各命令に対して精密な量だけ切削ヘッドを前進または引き込ませる、ように作用する。
この方法は、オペレータに、内側トルク伝達チューブ又はケーブル(408)のバネ作用によって引き起こされるエラーについて、何等の心配もする必要を無くする。マイクロプロセッサ(又は他の回路)制御のモータは、自動的に、これらエラーを補償し、ボタン又はレバーを移動させ、正しいトルク量に矯正し、オペレータの更なる努力を要することなく、命令を実行することができる。
この代わりに、オペレータが、トルク伝達コネクタの回転と切削ヘッドの回転の差、或いは、切削ヘッドが前記中空のシースヘッドを出て行く程度の差を補償できるようにするために、例えば、バーニヤ(vernier)又は一連のガイドされたマーキング等の、マイクロプロセッサを用いない方法が、使用されてもよい。
医師は、蛍光透視法あるいはその他の技術により閉塞部を視認することができ、当面の問題に最も適した設計の切削ヘッド(及び組み合わされるシースヘッド)を装着するように選択することができる。この代わりに、工程中、使用に伴って、切削ヘッド(108)のブレード(202),(204)が、切れ味が鈍くなったり或いは欠けたりした場合には、医師は、残りのカテーテルを使用することを継続しながら、鈍くなった或いは欠損した切削ヘッド(108)を新しい切削ヘッドと取り替えるように選択することができる。
Claims (22)
- 閉塞部を横切ってガイドワイヤを送給するカテーテルであって:
カテーテルチューブと;
螺旋状の突出部を備えた回転可能な切削ヘッドと;
前記カテーテルチューブの遠位端部の保護シースであって、当該シースの側壁を通じて近位方向に延びる1つ若しくはそれ以上の螺旋状のスロットを備え、前記回転可能な切削ヘッドは、前記螺旋状の突出部を回転させることにより、前記スロットを抜け出して前記保護シースから遠位方向へ伸長するように構成されている、保護シースと;
前記カテーテルの近位端部から前記回転可能な切削ヘッドにトルクを加え、当該切削ヘッドを回転せしめ、少なくとも部分的に前記保護シースの外側で遠位方向に向かって伸長させる、ように構成されたトルク伝達コネクタと;
前記カテーテルチューブを通って近位側から遠位側まで延びるガイドワイヤ通路と、
を備えている、ことを特徴とするカテーテル。 - 前記1つ若しくはそれ以上の螺旋状のスロットは、前記保護シースの側部に沿って近位方向に伸長している、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドの前方への伸長は、1つ若しくはそれ以上の動作停止要素によって制限される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記カテーテルチューブは前記トルク伝達コネクタを包含しており、該トルク伝達コネクタへのトルクの適用は前記回転可能な切削ヘッドを回転せしめる、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記ガイドワイヤ通路は、前記回転可能な切削ヘッドの中心の開口部を通って遠位方向に出て行くように構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記ガイドワイヤ通路は、前記カテーテルチューブの前記回転可能な切削ヘッドを包含している部分より前で前記カテーテルから遠位方向に出て行くように構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記回転可能な切削ヘッドは、1つ若しくはそれ以上のブレードエッジを有している、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドの前記カテーテル外部への伸長の進展をモニタするセンサを更に備えている、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドは、カテーテルのX線不透過性の特徴とは異なるX線不透過性の特徴を有している、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカテーテル。
- 閉塞部を横切ってガイドワイヤを送給するカテーテルであって:
カテーテルチューブと;
前記カテーテルチューブの遠位部分の中空のシースであって、当該シースの側壁を通じて近位方向に延びる1つ若しくはそれ以上の螺旋状のスロットを備える中空のシースと;
少なくとも部分的に前記中空のシースヘッド内部に配置されている回転可能な切削ヘッドであって、前記中空のシースの螺旋状のスロットと係合する少なくとも一つの突出部を有し、前記中空のシースの螺旋状のスロットから回転することにより、前記中空のシースから遠位方向へ伸長し、また、前記中空のシース内へ引き込まれる、ように構成されている回転可能な切削ヘッドと;
前記カテーテルの遠位端部から前記回転可能な切削ヘッドにトルクを加えるように構成されたトルク伝達コネクタと;
前記カテーテルチューブを通って前記中空のシースの遠位端部の外側へ延びるガイドワイヤ通路と、
を備えている、ことを特徴とするカテーテル。 - 前記回転可能な切削ヘッドの前記少なくとも一つの突出部と前記1つ若しくはそれ以上の螺旋状のスロットとの間での機械的な相互作用が、前記切削ヘッドを前記中空のシースヘッドの内部または外部に前進させるように構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記カテーテルチューブ及びトルク伝達コネクタは中空であり、前記ガイドワイヤ通路は、前記カテーテルチューブ及びトルク伝達コネクタの両方を通って伸長する、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記トルク伝達コネクタにトルクを加えて前記回転可能な切削ヘッドを回転せしめるように構成されたフィードバック制御される電子モータを更に備えている、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記ガイドワイヤ通路は、前記回転可能な切削ヘッドの中心の開口部を通って遠位方向に出て行くように構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記回転可能な切削ヘッドは、1つ若しくはそれ以上のブレードエッジを有している、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドの前記中空シースの外部への前進の進展を計測するセンサを更に備えている、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドは、前記中空シースのX線不透過性の特徴とは異なるX線不透過性の特徴を有している、ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカテーテル。
- 閉塞部を横切ってガイドワイヤを送給するカテーテルであって:
中空のカテーテルチューブと;
前記カテーテルチューブの遠位部分に取り付けられた中空のシースヘッドであって、開口部と1つ若しくはそれ以上の螺旋状のスロット又はグロウブを有している、中空のシースヘッドと;
少なくとも部分的に前記中空のシースヘッド内部に配置されている回転可能な切削ヘッドであって、前記螺旋状のスロット又はグロウブと係合可能な少なくとも一つの突出部を有している、回転可能な切削ヘッドと;
トルク伝達コネクタであって、当該トルク伝達コネクタへのトルクの適用が前記回転可能な切削ヘッドに回転を生じさせる、トルク伝達コネクタと;
前記カテーテルチューブを通り、且つ、前記回転可能な切削ヘッドを通って延びるガイドワイヤ通路と、
を備えている、ことを特徴とするカテーテル。 - マイクロプロセッサ制御の電子モータを更に備え、前記マイクロプロセッサ制御の電子モータは、前記電気モータの回転と前記切削ヘッドの回転との間の回転の差を補償するように構成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記回転可能な切削ヘッドは、1つ若しくはそれ以上のブレードエッジを有している、ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドの前記中空シースヘッド開口部の外部への前進の進展をモニタするセンサを更に備えている、ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載のカテーテル。
- 前記切削ヘッドは、前記中空シースヘッドのX線不透過性の特徴とは異なるX線不透過性の特徴を有している、ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載のカテーテル。
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PCT/US2009/041579 WO2009132218A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Catheter system and method for boring through blocked vascular passages |
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AU2009240503A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
US9918734B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
EP2278926A4 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
JP2011518618A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
US20180256187A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
US10869685B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 |
EP2278926B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
US20130138128A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
US20090270888A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
US20120209112A2 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
WO2009132218A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
US8062316B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
CN102014773B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
CA2722401C (en) | 2016-10-04 |
CN102014773A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
US20120041307A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
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