JP4952943B2 - HIV逆転写酵素のインヒビターとしてのS−トリアゾリルα−メルカプトアセトアニリド - Google Patents
HIV逆転写酵素のインヒビターとしてのS−トリアゾリルα−メルカプトアセトアニリド Download PDFInfo
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- JP4952943B2 JP4952943B2 JP2007530127A JP2007530127A JP4952943B2 JP 4952943 B2 JP4952943 B2 JP 4952943B2 JP 2007530127 A JP2007530127 A JP 2007530127A JP 2007530127 A JP2007530127 A JP 2007530127A JP 4952943 B2 JP4952943 B2 JP 4952943B2
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- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPFJHPUYNGERGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1-cyclopropyl-4-nitronaphthalene;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C1CC1 FPFJHPUYNGERGO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001203 stavudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004556 tenofovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VCMJCVGFSROFHV-WZGZYPNHSA-N tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.N1=CN=C2N(C[C@@H](C)OCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)OCOC(=O)OC(C)C)C=NC2=C1N VCMJCVGFSROFHV-WZGZYPNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940021747 therapeutic vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002723 toxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940111527 trizivir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007502 viral entry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006514 viral protein processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4196—1,2,4-Triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D249/14—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Description
本発明者は、HIVの逆転写酵素(RT)が一般的な構造1によって示される選ばれたクラスのS−トリアゾリルα−メルカプトアセトアニリドによって阻害され得ることを発見した。驚くべきことに、これらの化合物のいくつかは、様々な変異RT(K103N、Y181C、およびY188Lを含む)を阻害することができた。
本明細書中に記載する用語「アルキル」とは、炭素−炭素結合の全てが単結合である、環状、分枝、または直鎖の炭化水素基を意味する。用語「低級アルキル」とは、炭素数が1〜10個のアルキル基を意味する。本明細書中に使用する用語「シクロアルキル」とは、炭素数が3〜15個の環状または多環のアルキル基を意味する。シクロアルキル基は、遠位の環の1つが芳香環であり得る多重縮合環(例えば、インダン−2−イル、テトラヒドロナフタ−1−イル、など)を含み得る。
P、Q、R1、R3およびRoは上で定義する通りである]
の化合物を提供する。好ましい実施態様において、R1は、Cl、Br、I、CH3、CF3、CHF2またはCH2Fから選ばれ;R3はHであり;Roは、Cl、Br、CF3またはCH3から選ばれ;そして、Qは、CO2HまたはSO2NH2である。特に好ましい実施態様において、RoはClである。
R1はCH3、CHF2、CH2F、またはハロゲンであり;Roは、ハロゲン、CF3、またはメチルであり、R'およびR''は独立してH、または場合により置換された、低級アルキル、C1〜5アシル、または1−(C2〜4アシルオキシ)C1〜4アルコキシカルボニル基であり、そしてRpは上で定義する通りである]
を有する化合物を挙げられる。
Rpは、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、シクロプロピル、またはシクロプロピルメチルから選ばれる]
に相当する。Rpはエチルまたはシクロプロピルであることが最も好ましい。R1がBrであり、RoがClまたはCH3であり、Pがナフチルまたはテトラヒドロナフチルであり、そしてQがCO2HまたはSO2NR'R''である特徴を有する化合物は、多数のHIV単離物からのRTに対して驚くべき強力な活性を、インビボでの予期しない良好な薬物動態学と併せて示す。
本発明の化合物の製造は、WO 2004/030611、WO 2004/050643、およびUS 5,939,462中に実質的に記載する製法に従って実施することができる。しかしながら、本発明の化合物についての多数の別法の合成経路が可能であると認識すべきである。以下の典型的な経路は、合成有機化学の分野における当業者の指針のために例示によって示す。
本発明の化合物を薬理学的な組成物の部として投与する場合には、適当な化合物は、医薬的に許容し得る担体、賦形剤、および他の添加物と混合して製剤化することができると考える。本発明の化合物は、1個以上の非毒性の医薬的に許容し得る担体と一緒に製剤化する医薬組成物中に含有されることが特に好ましい。該医薬組成物は、固体または液体の形態での経口投与、非経口注射、または腸投与のために製剤化し得る。
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド(方法A)
臭化シクロプロピルマグネシウム(150mL、テトラヒドロフラン中の0.5M)を、0℃で撹拌したテトラヒドロフラン(10mL)中の1−ブロモ−ナフタレン(10g、50mmol)および[1,3−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)プロパン]ジクロロニッケル(II)の溶液にゆっくりと加えた。該反応混合物を室温で16時間撹拌し、そして該溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させた。EtOAcおよび水中の塩化アンモニウムを加えた。抽出後に、該有機層を硫酸ナトリウムを用いて乾燥し、ろ過し、そして減圧下で濃縮した。該残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、1−シクロプロピル−ナフタレン(6.4g、76%)を得た。
亜硝酸ナトリウム(30mL)を、0℃で撹拌した1−シクロプロピル−ナフタレン(6.4g、38mmol)にゆっくりと(2時間かけて)加えた。該反応混合物を0℃で更に30分間撹拌し、次いでこのものを氷中にゆっくりとそそいだ。水を加え、続いてEtOAcを加えた。抽出後に、該有機層をNaOHの1%水溶液を用いて洗浄し、次いで水洗し、硫酸ナトリウムを用いて乾燥し、ろ過し、そして減圧下で濃縮した。該残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、1−シクロプロピル−4−ニトロ−ナフタレン(5.2g、64%)を得た。
エタノール(200mL)中の1−シクロプロピル−4−ニトロ−ナフタレン(5g、23mmol)の溶液を、Pd/C(正味10%、1.8g)の存在下、水素下で撹拌した。該反応混合物を終夜振り混ぜ、次いでセライトでろ過した。該溶媒を蒸発させ、そして該残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、1−アミノ−4−シクロプロピル−ナフタレン(3.1g、73%)を得た。
チオホスゲン(1.1g、9.7mmol)を、0℃に撹拌したジクロロメタン(50mL)中の1−アミノ−4−シクロプロピル−ナフタレン(1.8g、9.7mmol)およびジイソプロピルエチルアミン(2当量)の溶液に加えた。該反応混合物をこの温度で5分間撹拌し、次いで水中の1%HCl溶液を加え、そして該有機層を分離し、ブラインを用いて洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムを用いて乾燥し、ろ過し、そして該溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させた。ヘキサンを加え、そして得られた沈降物をろ過した。該溶媒を蒸発して、1−シクロプロピル−4−イソチオシアネートナフタレン(1.88g、86%)を得た。
DMF(20mL)中のアミノグアニジン塩酸塩(3.18g、29mmol)、1−シクロプロピル−4−イソチオシアネート−ナフタレン(3.24g、14mmol)、およびジイソプロピルエチルアミン(3当量)の混合物を、50℃で15時間撹拌した。該溶媒を蒸発させ、トルエンを加え、そして該溶媒を再び蒸発させた。水酸化ナトリウムの2.0M水溶液(30mL)を加え、そして該反応混合物を50℃で60時間加熱した。該反応混合物をろ過し、そして該ろ液を、HClの2.0M水溶液を用いて中和した。新たなろ過後に、溶媒の蒸発、およびシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによる残渣の精製により、5−アミノ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリゾール−3−チオール(2.0g、49%)を得た。
DMF(20mL)中の5−アミノ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−チオール(708mg、2.5mmol)、K2CO3(380mg、2.5mmol)の溶液に、2−クロロ−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド(710mg、2.5mmol)を加えた。該反応混合物を室温で終夜撹拌した。反応の完結後に、該溶媒を蒸発させた。該残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、2−[5−アミノ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド(1.26g、95%)を得た。
ジクロロ酢酸(180μL、2.2mmol)を、ジブロモメタン(30mL)中の2−[5−アミノ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド(0.59g、1.1mmol)、亜硝酸ナトリウム(1.5g、22mmol)、およびBTEABr(0.91g、3.3mmol)の懸濁液に加えた。該反応混合物を室温で4時間撹拌し、次いでジクロロメタンおよび水中の炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いて抽出した。該有機層を硫酸ナトリウムを用いて乾燥し、ろ過し、そして減圧下で濃縮した。該残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、2−[5−ブロモ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド(224mg、31%)を得た。
DMF中のチオトリアゾールおよび炭酸カリウムの懸濁液に、クロロ酢酸メチルを室温で5分間滴下した。該反応液を室温で24時間撹拌し、そしてこのものを撹拌した氷冷の水溶液中にゆっくりとそそいだ。該黄褐色沈降物を真空ろ過によって集め、そしてP2O5の存在下、50℃で高真空下、16時間乾燥して、標題化合物(2.24g、80%)を得た。
ブロモホルム中の2−[5−アミノ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]酢酸メチルエステルおよびベンジルトリエチルアンモニウムクロリドの溶液に、亜硝酸ナトリウムを加えた。該混合物に、ジクロロ酢酸を加え、そして該反応混合物を室温で3時間撹拌した。該混合物を、CH2Cl2でパックしたシリカゲルの7インチカラム上に直接的にロードした。該カラムを最初に、全てのCHBr3が溶出するまでCH2Cl2を用いて溶出し、そして次いでアセトン/CH2Cl2(5:95)を用いて溶出して、標題化合物(713mg、85%)を得た。
0℃のTHFおよびEtOHの混合液中の2−[5−ブロモ−4−(4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]酢酸メチルエステルの溶液に、H2O中のLiOHの溶液を5分間かけて滴下した。0℃で更に45分間撹拌後に、該反応は完結した。該反応液を、0℃の0.5N HCl溶液を加えることによってpH 7にまで中和し、そして得られる混合物をその最初の容量の5分の1にまで真空下で濃縮した。該混合物をH2O(〜20mL)を用いて希釈し、そして0.5N HClを加えることによってpH 2〜3まで酸性として、粘着性固体を得た(酸性化の間、生成物が油状物として生じる場合には、CH2Cl2を用いる抽出を推奨する)。該黄褐色固体を真空ろ過によって集め、そしてP2O5の存在下、50℃で16時間高真空下で乾燥して、標題化合物(1.02g、93%)を得た。
0℃のピリジン中の上記のカルボン酸およびアニリンの溶液に、POCl3を5分間滴下した。0℃で更に50分間撹拌後に、該反応は完結した。該反応混合物を、H2O(1mL)を加えることによってクエンチし、次いで真空下で濃縮して明褐色油状物を得て、このものをCH2Cl2(200mL)を用いて希釈した。該有機層をH2O(1×50mL)、飽和NaHCO3溶液(1×50mL)、次いでブライン(1×50mL)を用いて洗浄した。該有機溶液をNa2SO4を用いて乾燥し、そして乾固するまで濃縮した。得られた油状物をEtOHを用いてトリチュレートして、明黄色固体を得た。該混合物にH2Oを加えて、より多くの固体を集めた。該明黄色固体を真空ろ過によって集め、そして16時間、高圧下で乾燥して、生成物(930mg、72%)を得た。更なる生成物(132mg、10%)を、CH2Cl2を用いてろ液から抽出し、続いてアセトン/CH2Cl2(20:80)を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィーによって回収した。
テトラヒドロフラン(50mL)およびジクロロメタン(100mL)の混合物中の8−アミノ−2−ナフトール(5g、31.4mmol)の撹拌溶液に、二炭酸ジ−t−ブチル(6.86g、31.4mmol)を加えた。該混合物を70℃で18時間撹拌した。該混合物を室温まで冷却後に、飽和炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を加え、そして生成物をジクロロメタンを用いて抽出した。該有機層を水およびブラインを用いて洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムを用いて乾燥し、ろ過し、そして減圧下で濃縮した。該得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ジクロロメタン:酢酸エチル、9:1を用いる)によって精製して、N−BOC誘導体a(4.85g、60%収率)を得た。
1−メチル−4−ニトロ−ナフタレン
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(2−クロロ−4−(シクロプロピルメチル)フェニル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(2−クロロ−4−シクロブチルフェニル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(2−クロロ−4−(シクロプロピルメチル)ナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(2−クロロ−4−シクロプロピルフェニル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−トリフルオロメチル−4−(2−クロロ−4−シクロプロピルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(4−シクロプロピル−5,6,7,9−テトラヒドロナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(4−エチルナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(4−エチル−5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロナフタレン−1−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(5−シクロプロピルキノリン−8−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(5−シクロプロピルイソキノリン−8−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(5−シクロプロピルシンノリン−8−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(1−メチルアセナフテン−5−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(2−メチルアセナフテン−5−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド、
2−[5−ブロモ−4−(1,1−ジメチルアセナフテン−5−イル)−4H−[1,2,4]−トリアゾール−3−イルスルファニル]−N−(2−クロロ−4−スルファモイルフェニル)アセトアミド。
ハイスループットセルベースアッセイ(これは、レポーター遺伝子として、HIV−1発現ホタルルシフェラーゼ、および水疱性口内炎ウイルスエンベロープ糖タンパク質(VSV−G)との偽型を使用する)を用いて、化合物を、ヒト免疫不全症ウイルス1型(HIV−1)に対する阻害活性についてスクリーニングした。実験方法は本質的には、コナー(Connor)らによる, in Journal of Virology (1996), 70: 5306-5311(ヒト免疫不全症ウイルス1型感染症の長期間の生存者からのenv遺伝子の機能的な性質の確認(Characterization of the functional properties of env genes from long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection))、およびポピック(Popik)らによる, in Journal of Virology (2002), 76: 4709-4722(ヒト免疫不全症ウイルス1型は、脂質ラフト−共存CD4および、CD4+T細胞中への増殖的な侵入のためのケモカイン受容体を使用する(Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 uses lipid raft-colocalized CD4 and chemokine receptors for productive entry into CD4+ T cells))によって記載される通りである。ウイルスは、ウイルスを現行の非ヌクレオシドHIV−1薬に対する非常に高い耐性とするRT遺伝子中の2個の導入される突然変異(PCR突然変異誘発によって調製する、K103NおよびY181C)を含むと、特に認識すべきである。ウイルスのストックは、VSV−GをコードするプラスミドDNAをベクターpNL4−3Env(−)Luc(+)と293T細胞中に同時形質導入することによって得た。形質導入の64時間後に、ウイルス含有培地を遠心分離によって集め、そして−80℃で凍結保存した。
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