JP4870433B2 - セラミダーゼ阻害剤 - Google Patents
セラミダーゼ阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4870433B2 JP4870433B2 JP2005515822A JP2005515822A JP4870433B2 JP 4870433 B2 JP4870433 B2 JP 4870433B2 JP 2005515822 A JP2005515822 A JP 2005515822A JP 2005515822 A JP2005515822 A JP 2005515822A JP 4870433 B2 JP4870433 B2 JP 4870433B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- ceramidase
- present
- ceramide
- extract
- inhibitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
(1)質量スペクトル:m/z 565(M+H)+
(2)MS/MS分析:上記(1)を親イオンとしたときのドーターイオンがm/z 547、m/z 338
(3)1H−NMR(重クロロホルム):σ
0.848,0.860,0.871,1.236.1.265,1.277,1.289,1.354,1.368,1.507,1.531,1.584,1.923,1.934,1.945,1.964,1.974,2.018,2.029,2.041,2.053,2.208,2.350,2.462,2.575,2.957,2.969,3.728,3.747,3.770,3.777,3.783,3.789,3.971,3.976,3.989,3.994,5.321,5.330,5.346,5.356,5.368,5.378,5.394,5.491,5.501,5.515,5.527,5.539,5.605,5.616,5.629,5.642,5.653,6.455,6.468
(4)13C−NMR(重クロロホルム):σ
14.10,22.68,25.42,29.20,29.22,29.34,29.36,29.49,29.54,29.62,29.63,29.65,29.69,31.91,31.92,32.42,32.57,32.60,34.36,40.56,53.96,62.45,74.06,122.17,129.72,130.88,136.81,171.83
本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤はセラミーダの酵素活性を阻害するものであるが、必ずしもセラミダーゼに直接作用して該活性を阻害するものである必要はない。本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤としては、例えば、セラミダーゼ阻害剤が挙げられる。以下、便宜的にセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤をセラミダーゼ阻害剤という場合がある。
本発明のセラミド量調節剤は、本発明のセラミダーゼ阻害剤が有するセラミダーゼ阻害作用によりセラミド量を調節する効果を有するものであれば、特に制限はない。ここで、「セラミド量を調節する効果」とは、例えば、下記実施例6〜10に記載のように、セラミダーゼ阻害剤による培養細胞、人工皮膚中のセラミド量の上昇、上昇したセラミド量について、セラミダーゼ阻害剤の添加量を適宜選択することによる、所望のセラミド量への降下、により達成される効果をいう。特に限定はされないが、本発明のセラミド量調節剤は、スフィンゴ脂質の基本骨格であるセラミド量を調節するということから、細胞の増殖、分化、アポトーシス等を制御する情報分子であるスフィンゴ脂質量の調節や、皮膚の保湿能やバリア機能に関する主要な細胞間脂質成分であるセラミド量を調節することができる。また、本発明のセラミド量調節剤は、セラミド量に加えて、セラミドの代謝に関与することによりスフィンゴシン量、脂肪酸量、スフィンゴシン−1−リン酸量の調節剤としても機能するため、スフィンゴシン量調節剤、脂肪酸量調節剤、スフィンゴシン−1−リン酸量の調節剤としても使用することができる。
本発明の医薬品は、本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を含有してなるものであり、皮膚外用剤(保湿剤、バリア機能維持剤、皮膚の弾性向上剤もしくは維持剤、皮膚肥厚改善剤もしくは予防剤、それらを用途とする、軟膏、クリーム、乳液、ローション、パック、浴用剤など)、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗炎症剤、ガン治療剤又は予防剤、セラミドもしくはその代謝産物を介するシグナル伝達が関連する疾患の治療剤もしくは予防剤として提供される。中でも、本発明の医薬品は、皮膚外用剤、細胞増殖抑制を必要とする疾患に対する治療剤若しくは予防剤、又はガンの治療剤若しくは予防剤として非常に有用である。
本発明の化粧料は本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を含有してなり、本発明の化粧料の所望の効果の発現は、かかる化粧料に含まれる該阻害剤(有効成分)が有する前記生理作用に基づくものである。角層および/または角質層を含む皮膚内部でセラミド量が増加すれば、保湿性、バリア効果、皮膚の張りや弾性、保湿性(うるおい)を高めることができるものと推定される。従って、本発明の化粧料によれば、たとえば、皮膚の張りや弾性を効果的に向上させることができる。すなわち、本発明によるセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を有効成分とする保湿性改善作用もしくは悪化予防作用、バリア効果改善作用もしくは悪化予防作用、しわ改善作用もしくは予防作用、皮膚の弾性向上作用もしくは維持作用、皮膚肥厚改善作用もしくは予防作用、セラミド産生増強作用もしくは減少抑制作用または細胞増殖抑制作用に優れた化粧料が提供される。なお、当該化粧料としては、例えば抗腫瘍活性、保湿性改善作用もしくは予防作用、バリア効果改善作用もしくは予防作用、しわ改善作用もしくは予防作用、皮膚の弾性向上作用もしくは維持作用、皮膚肥厚改善作用もしくは予防作用、セラミド産生増強作用もしくは減少抑制作用または細胞増殖抑制作用による所望の効果の発現のために用いられるものである旨の表示を付した化粧料とすることもできる。
本発明の食品は本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を含有してなり、本発明の食品の所望の効果の発現は、かかる食品に含まれる該阻害剤(有効成分)が有する前記生理作用に基づくものである。本発明では本発明のセラミダーゼ阻害剤を含有する食品を提供するが、当該食品においては、従来の食品に比べて本発明のセラミダーゼ阻害剤を高濃度及び/又は高純度に含むことを特徴としている。つまり、本発明の食品を摂取することにより、細胞増殖抑制、アポトーシス誘発などの効果が期待でき、セラミドが関連する疾患の治療もしくは予防に効果的に作用し得る。なお、当該食品としては、例えば細胞増殖抑制活性、アポトーシス誘発活性による所望の効果の発現のために用いられるものである旨の表示を付した健康食品(特定保健用食品)とすることもできる。なお、本発明の食品には飲料も含まれ、便宜的に、飲用形態の食品を飲料と、飲用形態以外の形態の食品を食品という場合がある。
本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害方法は、生体(例えば、ホ乳動物、ホ乳動物由来組織、ホ乳動物由来細胞、真菌、酵母、担子菌などの細胞)又は生体由来試料(例えば、細胞抽出物又はその精製物)に本発明の有効成分を適用してセラミダーゼ活性を阻害する方法であり、通常、本発明のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤、セラミド量調節剤、医薬品、医薬部外品、化粧料、又は食品を、それらの使用態様に応じて生体又は生体由来試料に適用することにより実施することができる。適用の方法は、本発明の有効成分を生体又は生体由来試料と接触させ得る限り特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ホ乳動物への本発明の有効成分の投与、ホ乳動物由来細胞培養液への本発明の有効成分の添加などの方法が挙げられる。
中性/アルカリ性セラミダーゼとして、緑膿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa AN17株)由来のセラミダーゼとラット脳由来のセラミダーゼの2種類を用いた。
乾燥ワカメメカブチップ10gに100mLのエタノールを加えて静かに数回攪拌し、そのまま一日静置した。これを濾過してワカメメカブエタノール抽出液を得た。エキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は4mgであった。
乾燥マコンブチップ10gに100mLのエタノールを加えて静かに数回攪拌し、そのまま一日静置した。これを濾過してマコンブエタノール抽出液を得た。エキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は2.7mgであった。
イチョウ葉、シロウリ果実、トウガン果実、キュウリ果実、ニガウリ果実、ヨモギ葉は、ホモジナイザーでジュース状にした後、凍結乾燥し、これに1gあたり10mLのエタノールを加えて一晩静置して抽出を行った。これを濾過してエタノール抽出液を得た。イチョウ葉エキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は15mg、シロウリエキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は120mg、トウガンエキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は53mg、キュウリエキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は45mg、ニガウリエキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は42mg、ヨモギエキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量は43mgであった。
緑膿菌由来中性/アルカリ性セラミダーゼ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ceramidase)に対する阻害活性の測定は以下のようにして行った。まず、緑膿菌セラミダーゼを希釈用バッファー(5mM塩化カルシウム、0.45%ウシ血清アルブミンを含む100mMトリス塩酸バッファーpH8.5)で適当な酵素濃度に希釈した希釈酵素液10μLと阻害剤5μLを混合し、37℃で10分間保温した。ここに0.05mMもしくは1.5mM NBD−C12−Ceramide(マトレア社製)、5mM CaCl2、0.5% Triton X−100を含むトリス塩酸バッファーpH8.5の基質溶液10μLを加えてさらに37℃で30分間反応させた。メタノール75μLを加えて反応を止め、このうちの25μLをHPLC分析に供した。
参考例1に記載の方法を用いて、実施例1〜3で得られた各種海藻、植物エキス等のセラミダーゼ阻害活性を、終濃度0.6mMのNBD−C12−Ceramideを基質として用いて測定した。その結果を表1に示す。海藻、植物エキスおよびオレンジオイル(リモネン)の希釈はジメチルスルフォキシドで行った。
乾燥ワカメメカブチップ1gを5mLの100%エタノール、50%エタノール、25%エタノール溶液でそれぞれ一晩抽出を行い、濾過してワカメメカブ抽出液を得た。エキス1mLあたりの乾燥重量はそれぞれ8mg、72mg、74mgであった。また、参考例1に記載の方法を用いて、ワカメメカブエキスの阻害活性を終濃度0.02mMのNBD−C12−Ceramideを基質として用いて測定した。該エキスの10倍希釈液のセラミダーゼ阻害率はそれぞれ、71%、43%、11%であった。
ヒト前骨髄性白血病細胞株HL60を10%ウシ胎児血清とペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン液(GIBCO BRL社製:Lot No.20K1346)1%を含むRPMI−1640培地で、37℃、5% CO2環境下で培養した。培養細胞を1500rpmの遠心分離で回収し、細胞ペレットをUltraDOMA−PF培地(BioWhittaker社製)で洗浄し、細胞数を計数して最終的に2×10e7細胞/1.8mLの濃度に調整して6wellプレートに1.8mLずつ分注し、さらに同じ環境で2時間培養をつづけた。実施例1〜3で得られた各種海藻、植物エキスは2mL分をあらかじめ濃縮遠心によって溶媒を留去した後、40μLのジメチルスルフォキシド(DMSO)を加えて溶解し、さらにUltraDOMA培地を1.8mL加えた。このエキス希釈液を上記の培養細胞1.8mLに対して0.2mLずつ加え、37℃、5% CO2環境下で3時間まで培養した。コントロール群については、エキス希釈液の調製に使用したのと同等の希釈成分のみを培養液に加えた。下記のように測定用のサンプリングを行い、生細胞数とスフィンゴ脂質測定用サンプルを調製した。
1mLの分析サンプルにクロロホルム/メタノール=2:1(v/v)を3mL加えてシェーカーで20分間良く攪拌した。これを3,000rpmで2分間遠心分離し、下層を別のガラスチューブに移して遠心濃縮機で溶媒を完全に留去し乾燥させた。これを薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)分析用サンプルとして分析時まで−30℃で保存した。TLC分析は以下の条件で行った。
ヒト前骨髄性白血病細胞株HL60を10%ウシ胎児血清とペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン液(GIBCO BRL社製:Lot No.20K1346)1%を含むRPMI−1640培地で、37℃、5% CO2環境下で培養した。培養細胞を1500rpmの遠心分離で回収し、細胞ペレットをUltraDOMA−PF培地(BioWhittaker社製)で洗浄し、細胞数を計数して最終的に1×10e7細胞/1.8mLの濃度に調整して6wellプレートに1.8mLずつ分注しさらに同じ環境で2時間培養をつづけた。ワカメメカブエキスは2mL分をあらかじめ濃縮遠心によって溶媒を留去した後、40μLのジメチルスルフォキシド(DMSO)を加えて溶解し、さらにUltraDOMA培地を1.8mL加えてDMSOの濃度が2%になるよう調整した。この植物エキス希釈液を上記の培養細胞1.8mLに対して0.2mLずつ加え、37℃、5% CO2環境下で24時間まで培養した。コントロール群については、エキス希釈液の調製に使用したのと同等の希釈成分のみを培養液に加えた。0時間、0.5時間、1時間、3時間で下記のように測定用のサンプリングを行い、生細胞数とスフィンゴ脂質測定用サンプルを調製した。
スフィンゴ脂質は全てメタノールに溶解した。C18−スフィンゴミエリン(C18−SM、マトレヤ社製)1mg/mLを300μL、C18−セラミド(C18−Cer、マトレヤ社製)10μg/mLを100μL、スフィンゴシン(Sph、シグマ社製)10μg/mLを100μL、スフィンゴシルフォスフォリルコリン(SPC、シグマ社製)3μg/mLを100μL、ジメチルスフィンゴシン(DMS、アバンティリピッド社製)1μg/mLを100μL、サイコシン(Psy、シグマ社製)1μg/mLを100μLとメタノール200μLを混合して全量を1mLとし、これをスタンダード液原液とした。これをさらにメタノールで希釈して10倍希釈液と100倍希釈液を調製した。各希釈液100μLをとって900μLの0.1% BSAを含むHBSSに加えて良く攪拌し、これをスフィンゴ脂質スタンダード混合液として使用時まで−30℃で保存した。
1mLの分析サンプルにクロロホルム/メタノール=2:1(v/v)を3mL加え、さらに内部標準として1μg/mLのC2−セラミド(C2−Cer、マトレヤ社製)メタノール溶液を100μL加えてボルテックスミキサーで10分間良く攪拌した。これを3,000rpmで2分間遠心分離し、下層を別のガラスチューブに移して遠心濃縮機で溶媒を完全に留去し乾燥させた。これをLCMS分析用サンプルとして分析時まで−30℃で保存した。
HPLCカラムはYMC製セミミクロショートカラム、YMC−Pack Pro C18(2.0×35mm,3μm、YMC社製)を用いた。溶出液Aは5mM蟻酸アンモニウム/メタノール/テトラヒドロフラン=5:2:3(v/v/v)(終濃度0.01%蟻酸含有)、溶出液Bは5mM蟻酸アンモニウム/メタノール/テトラヒドロフラン=1:2:7(v/v/v)(終濃度0.01%蟻酸含有)。HPLCからの溶出液を、スプリッターを介してイオンスプレー式四重極型質量分析装置(API 300、アプライドバイオシステムズ社製)に導入した。オレフィス電圧は70eV、イオンスプレー電圧は5000V、ポジティブモードで、アルゴンガスをコリジョンガスとして用いてマルティプルリアクションモニタリングモードで測定を行った。モニタリングイオンは表2に示す。
市販されている正常ヒト皮膚3次元培養モデル(クラボウ社製、EPI−100)を用いて皮膚細胞に対するセラミダーゼ阻害剤の効果を測定した。まず、各ウエルにEPI−100用維持培地(ゲンタマイシンフリー培地)2mLを入れた6well培養プレートの各ウエル内にEPI−100のミニカップを入れて37℃、5% CO2環境下で72時間培養した。培地を新しい培地4mLに交換してから、ミニカップに実施例1で得たワカメメカブエタノールエキスの希釈液50μLを添加した。ワカメメカブエタノールエキスは一旦溶媒をエバポレーターで除去した後、抽出物の濃度が0.05%〜0.001%(w/v)になるようにビークル(0.5% ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油を含む80%プロピレングリコール)に再溶解したものを用いた。ビークルのみを添加したものをコントロールとした。37℃、5% CO2環境下で24時間培養した後培地を交換し、ミニカップにエタノールエキスを添加し24時間培養を続けた。さらにもう1回培地交換とエタノールエキスの添加を行って24時間培養した後、ミニカップを取り出して皮膚細胞中のセラミドの測定を行った。まず、カップを生理食塩水で洗浄した後、ピンセットで培養皮膚を取り出し、スクリューキャップ付きガラス試験管に移して凍結乾燥した。これに、クロロホルム/メタノール(2:1)2mLを加えて、ときどき撹拌しながら室温で2時間セラミド画分を抽出した。2,000rpmで5分間遠心した後、上清を別のガラスチューブに移した(上清1)。沈殿は濃縮遠心装置で乾燥させた後、再度クロロホルム/メタノール(2:1)2mLで抽出操作を行い、遠心分離で上清を得た(上清2)。上清1と2を併せて溶媒を除去し、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)分析用サンプルとして分析時まで−30℃で保存した。TLC分析は実施例6と同様の方法で行った。結果を図3に示す。図中黒グラフはNon−hydroxyceramideを、白グラフはHydroxyceramideを示す。ワカメメカブエタノールエキス添加群ではコントロール群に比べて人工培養皮膚中のNon−hydroxyceramide、Hydroxyceramideともに、添加したエキス濃度に依存して有意に増加した。なお、図3中の*はコントロールに対するt−検定におけるp<0.05、**はp<0.005を示す。
アトピー性皮膚患者の皮膚表面では、角層細胞の細胞間を埋めるセラミドが減少していること、その減少が皮膚バリア機能不全、すなわち外界から体内への容易な抗原侵入と体外への過剰な水分喪失を引き起こし、ひいては本症の発症と増悪に関与する可能性が指摘されている。最近九州大学の伊東らによって、アトピー性皮膚炎患者の皮膚からセラミダーゼを生産する細菌が統計上有意に高頻度に検出されること、これらの細菌の多くが緑膿菌であることが報告されている[J.Biol.Chem.,273,14368−14373(1998)及びClinc.Diagnost.Lab.Immun.,6,101−104(1999)]。一方でアトピー性皮膚炎患者の皮膚には高頻度に黄色ブドウ球菌の感染が見られる事がよく知られている。同じく伊東らにより、セラミダーゼ生産菌が黄色ブドウ球菌を溶解するプロテアーゼを生産すること、溶解した黄色ブドウ球菌からセラミダーゼを活性化するカルジオリピンやフォスファチジルグリセロールなどの陰イオン性グリセロリン脂質が溶出する事が報告されている[Biochem.J.,362,619−626(2002)]。これらの事から、セラミダーゼ分泌菌である緑膿菌がアトピー性皮膚炎患者皮膚に感染すると、黄色ブドウ球菌を溶解して、そこから溶出したグリセロリン脂質がセラミダーゼを活性化し、皮膚角質層のセラミドレベルが低下するという可能性が考えられる。
実施例9と同じ方法で、各種植物由来の抽出物の効果を評価した。ワカメメカブエタノールエキスは実施例1で得たものから溶媒を除去した後、抽出物の濃度が0.05%(w/v)になるようにビークル(0.5%ポリオキシエチレン硬化ひまし油を含む80%プロピレングリコール)に再溶解したものを用いた。マコンブエキスは実施例2で得たものから溶媒を除去したものを、抽出物の濃度が0.05%(w/v)になるようにビークルで希釈した。トウガンエキスは実施例3で得たものから溶媒を除去し、抽出物濃度が0.5%(w/v)になるようにビークルで希釈した。オレンジオイル(山本香料社製)はビークルで1000倍に希釈したものを用いた。グレープフルーツエキス(80%プロピレングリコール抽出、山本香料社製)は原液をそのまま使用した。また、ビークルのみを添加したものをコントロールとして用いた。その他の方法は実施例9と同じである。結果を図5に示す。図中黒グラフはNon−hydroxyceramideを、白グラフはHydroxyceramideを示す。ワカメメカブエキス添加群、マコンブエキス添加群、トウガンエキス添加群、オレンジオイル添加群ではコントロール群に比べて人工培養皮膚中のNon−hydroxyceramide量は有意に増加し、Hydroxyceramideに関しても増加傾向が見られた。また、グレープフルーツエキス添加群についてもセラミド量の増加傾向が見られた。なお、図5中の*はコントロールに対するt−検定におけるp<0.05、**はp<0.005を示す。
(1)ステンレス製容器に乾燥ワカメメカブチップ10kgと20Lのエタノールを加えて静かに数回攪拌し、そのまま一日静置した。これを濾過、エタノールで洗浄してワカメメカブエタノール抽出液34.4Lを得た。
各フラクションを集めて、溶媒を留去した。
フラクションI:収量 1925mg
フラクションII:収量 440mg
0.848,0.860,0.871,1.236.1.265,1.277,1.289,1.354,1.368,1.507,1.531,1.584,1.923,1.934,1.945,1.964,1.974,2.018,2.029,2.041,2.053,2.208,2.350,2.462,2.575,2.957,2.969,3.728,3.747,3.770,3.777,3.783,3.789,3.971,3.976,3.989,3.994,5.321,5.330,5.346,5.356,5.368,5.378,5.394,5.491,5.501,5.515,5.527,5.539,5.605,5.616,5.629,5.642,5.653,6.455,6.468
但し、1H−NMRにおいてサンプルは重クロロホルムに溶解し、重クロロホルム中の残留プロトンの化学シフト値を7.24ppmとして表した。図8に1H−NMRスペクトルを示す。図8において、横軸は化学シフト値、縦軸はシグナルの強度を示す。
14.10,22.68,25.42,29.20,29.22,29.34,29.36,29.49,29.54,29.62,29.63,29.65,29.69,31.91,31.92,32.42,32.57,32.60,34.36,40.56,53.96,62.45,74.06,122.17,129.72,130.88,136.81,171.83
但し、13C−NMRにおいてサンプルは重クロロホルムに溶解し、重クロロホルム中の残留プロトンの化学シフト値を77.0ppmとして表した。図9に13C−NMRスペクトルを示す。図9において、横軸は化学シフト値、縦軸はシグナルの強度を示す。
Claims (6)
- ガゴメ、マコンブ及びワカメからなる群より選択されるコンブ科植物より、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロピルアルコール、プロピレングリコール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、エーテル、クロロホルム、及びn−ヘキサンから選択される抽出溶媒を使用して得られた抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とするセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤。
- 請求項1記載のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を含有することを特徴とするセラミド量調節剤。
- 請求項1記載のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を含有することを特徴とするセラミド量調節のための医薬部外品。
- 抽出物がワカメメカブ由来の100%エタノールを抽出溶媒として使用した抽出物である、請求項3記載の医薬部外品。
- 請求項1記載のセラミダーゼ活性阻害剤を含有することを特徴とするセラミド量調節のための化粧料。
- 抽出物がワカメメカブ由来の100%エタノールを抽出溶媒として使用した抽出物である、請求項5記載の化粧料。
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MY150906A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2014-03-14 | Univ Putra Malaysia | An additive for edible oil composition |
JP5339823B2 (ja) | 2008-09-02 | 2013-11-13 | 公益財団法人微生物化学研究会 | 新規化合物セラミダスチン、その製造方法及びその用途 |
JP5721631B2 (ja) | 2008-11-06 | 2015-05-20 | ムスク ファウンデーション フォー リサーチ デベロップメント | 酸性セラミダーゼのリソソーム親和性阻害剤 |
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CA2875504C (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2022-07-05 | Callaghan Innovation Research Limited | Feijoa fruit extract |
FR3011180B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-01 | 2017-01-06 | Laboratoires De Biologie Vegetale Yves Rocher | Utilisation d'un extrait d'artemisia montana dans une composition cosmetique amincissante |
KR20150091983A (ko) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-12 | (주)네오팜 | 발모촉진용 또는 탈모방지용 조성물 |
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US20080268073A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
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US20070128212A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
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