JP3937238B2 - コラーゲンを有するステントの製造方法 - Google Patents
コラーゲンを有するステントの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3937238B2 JP3937238B2 JP2005318435A JP2005318435A JP3937238B2 JP 3937238 B2 JP3937238 B2 JP 3937238B2 JP 2005318435 A JP2005318435 A JP 2005318435A JP 2005318435 A JP2005318435 A JP 2005318435A JP 3937238 B2 JP3937238 B2 JP 3937238B2
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- Prior art keywords
- stent
- collagen
- sleeve
- liner
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2220/0091—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements connected by a hinged linkage mechanism, e.g. of the single-bar or multi-bar linkage type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0043—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
- A61M25/0045—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features multi-layered, e.g. coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S623/00—Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
- Y10S623/915—Method or apparatus for preparing biological material
- Y10S623/916—Blood vessel
- Y10S623/917—Collagen
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Description
ステントは代表的には、機械的な管内外法(transluminal procedure)により配置又は移植される。ステントを移植するための一つの慣用法においては、最初にバルーンカテーテルを用いて血管面積を広げ、次いでプレースメントカテーテルの手段により、血管の処置部位を架橋する位置にステントを置く。
とりわけ、1988年3月29日に出願されたパルマズ(Palmaz)によるアメリカ合衆国特許第4733665号明細書には、カテーテル補助での移植のための多数のステント構造が開示されている。前記カテーテルは、好ましくはカテーテルの平坦でない部位に、ステントを固定し且つ保持するための手段を含む。前記ステントは、血管内にそれを配置し且つ監視モニターでその位置を監視することにより、移植される。一旦、前記ステントが好ましく配置されれば、前記カテーテルは拡張され、次いで前記ステントはカテーテル本体から分離される。前記カテーテルは次いで、血管内に前記ステントを放置して、目的物から引き抜かれてよい。1990年8月21日に出願されたサヴィン(Savin) 他によるアメリカ合衆国特許第4950227号明細書にも、同様の記載がある。
別の同様なアメリカ合衆国特許第5019090号明細書には、血管内にステントを配置するために収縮されたバルーンカテーテルを使用するステントを移植するための一般的な円筒状ステント及び移植のための技術が開示されている。一旦、前記ステントが好ましく配置された場合には、バルーンは血管の内壁ライニングに対してステントを加圧するために膨張される。前記バルーンは次いで、前記ステントをその場所に残して、収縮され且つ引き抜かれる。
ドッター(Dotter)による特許(1985年3月12日に出願されたアメリカ合衆国特許第4503569号明細書)には、温度変化に伴って移植構造を拡張するスプリングステントが開示されている。前記スプリングステントは、コイル状に配向されて移植され、次いで、ステントを形成する形状記憶合金の特性に応じて、スプリングを拡張させるために加熱される。同様に、1985年4月23日に出願されたバルコ(Balko) 他のアメリカ合衆国特許第4512338号明細書には、形状記憶合金ステント及びその移植方法が開示され、そして、他の種類の自己拡張性ステントの使用は従来技術で知られている。
つ図1ないし図6のステントで実施されていることと同様である。1993年3月23日に出願されたシャッツ(Schatz)他のアメリカ合衆国特許第5195984号明細書には、拡張性ステントのための代表的なバルーン拡張方法が開示されている。この特許は、参照として本文中にその全体が記載されている。前記特許には、カテーテルに接続された拡張性で膨張性を有するカテーテルが記載されている。慣用の方法において、カテーテルとステントとは、移植のために該ステントを拡張することが望ましい体の通路内の所望位置に移植される。透視、及び/又は他の慣用技術を、カテーテルと移植片とが所望位置に移植されることを保証するために使用してよい。次いで、前記ステントは制御下に拡張され、次いでカテーテルの拡張性で膨張性の部分(代表的にはバルーン)を制御下に拡張することにより変形される。この結果、前記ステントは放射状に外側に変形して体の通路の壁に接触する。この点において、前記カテーテルの拡張性で膨張性の部分は、従来技術で既に知られている如く、慣用の血管形成バルーンであってよい。前記ステントの所望の拡張及び変形が行われた後、血管形成バルーンは減縮され且つ前記カテーテルは前記通路から慣用の方法で除去されてよい。
更に、本発明の方法は、例えば、アメリカ合衆国特許第4732152号及び第4848343号(この両者は、参照として本文中に記載されている)の各明細書に開示されているような自己拡張性ステントにおいても有用である。
上記特許の全ては、本文中に記載されている。
コラーゲンを含む水性電解質溶液中にステントを浸漬する段階であって、ステントの金属表面上への該溶液からのコラーゲンの電着を維持するために適する電圧がアノードとカソードの間に印加される段階、
前記金属表面に電着によりコラーゲンを被覆し、前記ステントが、アノード/カソードペアにおけるカソードとして機能する段階、及び
前記ステントの外側又は前記ステントの内側に管状の材料を配置し、その際、前記管状の材料が、コラーゲンにより前記ステントに結合される段階
からなる(以下、iと称する。)。
本発明の以下の方法が好ましい。
ii)前記管状の材料がコラーゲンからなるiの方法。
iii)前記配置する段階の間に、前記管状の材料が前記ステントの外側に配置されるiiの方法。
iv)前記配置する段階の間に、前記管状の材料が前記ステントの内側に配置されるiiの方法。
v)前記ステントが自己拡張ステントであるiの方法。
vi)前記ステントがバルーン拡張性ステントであるiの方法。
vii)前記管状の材料が治療剤を含むiiの方法。
viii)前記治療剤がヘパリンからなるvii の方法。
ix)前記管状の材料が孔を有するiiの方法。
x)前記孔が直径10〜60ミクロンであるixの方法。
xi)前記管状の材料がコラーゲン少なくとも二種からなるiの方法。
xii)前記管状の材料が二層の形態で存在するxiの方法。
xiii)前記管状の材料がI型の層及びIV型の層を含むxii の方法。
いは同種のものは、ステント配置後の開放のためにコラーゲン材料内に含まれてよい。
他の好ましい形状において、金属ステント又は他のステントは、コラーゲン材料の管内ライナーを伴って血管移植のために移植される。ヘパリン又は同種のもののような薬剤又は他の添加剤は、表面処理のための又はステント配置後の開放のためのコラーゲン材料を含んでいてよい。
また別の好ましい形状において、前記ステントには、内側コラーゲンライナー及び外側コラーゲンライナーの両方が設けられている。
図2は、織布支持体を伴うコラーゲンの部分図を示す。
図3は、別の自己拡張性ステント構造の例を示す。
図4は、別のステント構造を示す。
図5及び図6は、被覆スリーブを備え得る可撓性ステント構造を示す。
図7は、ステントのための内部ライナーと外部スリーブとを含んで形成されている組み合わせ器具を示す図1と同様の図である。
図8は、コラーゲンをステントに成形することを示す図である。
図9は、ステントと内部ライナースリーブとの組み合わせ器具を示す。
図10は、模式的且つ部分的な形態における、二層コラーゲン材料を示す。
図11、図12及び図13は、コラーゲン材料の内層及び外層を有するステントの模式的な長手方向の断面図である。
図14は、別のステント/ライナー配置を示す図である。
図15は、成形によるステント/ライナー配置の形成を示す。
図16、図17及び図18は、ステントに関して偏って配向されているコラーゲンステントのストレッチを模式的に示す。
図19及び図20は被覆ステントを示し、図20は図19の20−20線に沿った断面図である。
ステント10の種類は、代表的には、例えばステンレススチール、ニチノール、超弾性合金及び他の金属のような金属又は適するポリマー状材料であり、そして固定直径又は可変直径であってよく、可変直径が一層好ましく、そして従来技術において良く知られている。可変直径型は通常、バルーン拡張性又は自己拡張性の何れかであり、この両者も従来技術において知られている。バルーン拡張性型の例は、アメリカ合衆国特許第4733665号、アメリカ合衆国特許第4739762号及びアメリカ合衆国特許第4776337号の各明細書に記載されており、これらの全ては参照として本文中に記載されている。自己拡張性の例は、本発明の目的のために好ましく、それ故、自己拡張性、特にニチノール製のもの(その例は、アメリカ合衆国特許第4503569号及びアメリカ合衆国特許第4512338号の各明細書に記載されている)も、参照として本文中に記載されている。更に、例えば、有用なステントは、1994年3月19日に出願された継続出願通し番号08/246320に、表題“改良された組織支持器具(Improved Support Devices)”の下に記載されている。この出願も、参照として本文中に記載されている。
図1に示されるコラーゲンスリーブ12は、コラーゲンなど又はそれ自体からなっていてよく、図2に示される如く、コラーゲンスリーブ12aは支持体12b上に担持されてよく、支持体12bは、公知であり且つ例えばアメリカ合衆国特許第5256418号,
第5201764号及び第5197977号の各明細書に開示されているように、ダクロン(DACRON)(登録商標)製であり、前記特許の全体の内容、特にコラーゲンチューブの形成に関する内容は参照として本文中に記載されている。支持体12bは織布、編み物又は組み物であってよく、そしてポリエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリウレタン又はPTFEであってもよい。用語“コラーゲン材料”は、スリーブ要素のための支持又は不支持コラーゲンの両方に関して本文中で使用されている。
それにもかかわらず、血栓形成又は痙攣に起因する血管閉塞の場合に天然成分が激しく且つ予想外の応答を引き出し得るようには、如何なるものも体内で形成せず、そして、器具のそれ自体の挿入の作用による血管への損傷は血管表面に対して激しく且つ過度に有害であるので、前記事柄に対して保護することが賢明である。上記の材料は、約5ないし数百ミクロンの範囲の厚さを有し親水性又は疎水性となるように扱われることが可能である。それらは水溶性、不溶性及び種々の性質を有するように作られてよい。それらは種々の親水性及び多孔性の領域を有するように構成されてもよい。多孔性制御は良く知られている。
スリーブ又はシートの形成過程の間、種々の成分は、乾燥に先立って溶液に添加されてよく、又は、本器具の形成後別々に添加されてよい。ヘパリンは、アスピリンの場合と同様に、形成溶液に直接添加してよい。ベンザルコニウムヘパリン(一層疎水性のヘパリンの変性体)は、形成された器具又はアルコール溶液からのフィルムに塗布するために使用してよい。プロスタグランジンPGI2又はPGE2は、水性基剤から形成されたコラーゲンスリーブ上に、プロパノール又はプロパノール/メチレンクロリドの溶液から添加されてよい。ビタミンEは、クロロホルムのような一層小さな極性溶液からでさえも添加されてよい。RGDペプチド、トロンボモジュリン、TPA(組織プラスミノーゲン活性化剤)及びウロキナーゼは、添加し得る生物活性プロテインの例である。遺伝子治療剤、例えば抗血小板フラグメント及び抗体フラグメント(例えばGB2B3A)も含まれてよい。他の薬剤も同様に添加されてよい。用語“薬剤”は、前記添加剤を包含するものとして、本文中で使用される。
他の非FDA認可材料を使用する代わりに前記材料を可塑化するためにも役立つであろう。それ故、幾つかの目的のためにステント又はコラーゲン材料と組み合わせてビタミンEを使用し得るということが判る。
天然成分から作られたコラーゲンスリーブの使用の主な結果は、内皮の細胞成長は、本質的に損傷を受けず且つ均一であり、そして血液に対する組織弁状片及び壊疽又は関節硬化組織の暴露を保護する天然基材上で起こるであろうということである。この点において、前記スリーブは生物学的保護を与える。
金属ステントは、拡張の際に、時々組織に物理的損傷を与えることが知られている。生体材料から作られたスリーブは、ステントを構成するために使用された金属又はポリマーに比べて、自然の柔らかさを有している。コラーゲンからなるスリーブは、充分な厚さ及び耐久性を有して作られてよく、その結果、前記スリーブは、何れかの金属ステントのストラット又は他の要素により、残っている健康な内皮及び内部弾性基板に生じる如何なる損傷も阻止するか又は最小に減少するであろう。前記スリーブの多孔性は、血液から下の残存組織への拡散を行い得る。この観点から、前記スリーブによる生物学的組織保護及び与えられた物理的保護の利点が付加される。
固定直径ステントの場合には、スリーブは血管部位の各々に対して隣接するよりもむしろ、ステントに固定されていてよい。しかしながら、可変直径ステントの場合には、幾分か弾性的であるスリーブは、圧縮されたステントに被着し、次いで該ステントの拡張につれて引き延ばされるか、又は、前記スリーブは、如何なる付加的な応力も無しに拡張につれて膨張するステントを収納ために、比較的ゆとりを持って被着していてよい。或いは又、そして最も好ましくは、前記ステントは少しの間拡張されそして前記コラーゲンはその上に配置されてよい。前記コラーゲンは次いで水和され且つ前記ステントはその非拡張構造に収縮され得る。次いで、前記コラーゲンは脱水され且つ前記コラーゲンは前記ステントに強固に被着する。
スリーブ又はライナーは、コラーゲンの架橋密度を変えることにより、一層弾性的に形成されていてよい。この事は、種々の方法で実施することができる。コラーゲンスリーブは、非常に低い架橋密度を有するように製造されてよい。架橋密度は、種々の方法で増加されてよく、脱水,輻射線暴露及び加熱は前記方法の幾つかの例である。コラーゲンと反応する化学薬剤、例えば、短鎖ジアルデヒド又はホルムアルデヒドは、前記コラーゲンを架橋するために用い得る。前述の方法の回避は、非架橋構造を保証し、そして幾分か弾性的な材料を与える。適する試薬を用いる架橋は、コラーゲンスリーブの弾性も増強することができる。このような試薬は、長鎖二官能性分子C12、及び高級な、例えば、ポリエーテル又は脂肪族ジアルデヒド、活性化ジエステル例えばN−ヒドロキシコハク酸イミド及び二酸クロリドである。これらの活性エステルは、コラーゲン鎖上に存在するアミンと反応し、それ故、コラーゲン鎖に、崩壊及び剪断することの無い拡張を可能にする可撓性結合を与える。更に、アミド、内側鎖及び可逆性アミド形成として保護されたアミン官能性(これらは、脱水により生じる)を有することが阻止される。
図5及び図6の如く、関節接合されたステント60は、三つのステントセグメント62及び二つの相互接続ヒンジ64を有することが示されている。ヒンジ64は、生物適合性スプリング材料から作られてよく、そして、ステントセグメント62を形成する際に使用されるよりも小さい直径のものであってよい。ヒンジ64は、レーザー溶着技術又は抵抗溶着技術の何れかを使用して、各端部がステントセグメント62に溶着されている。ヒンジ64は、各ステントセグメント62の同一側に、そして両方に取り付けられていることが好ましい。図5に示されるステント60は、図6に示される如くスリーブ12と共に動脈66内に収納されてよく、そして図示の如く曲げられてよい。
他のステント構造及び材料は、当業者には明らかであろう。
コラーゲンスリーブはステントの両側を被覆するように作られてよく、その結果、ステント表面の内側と外側とは、全体的にコラーゲンにより取り囲まれている。
前記態様の一つの例は図7に示されており、これは、コラーゲン材料の内側スリーブ13を伴う通常10で示される管状ステントとコラーゲン材料の外側スリーブ12とからなり、これは、血管移植の目的のための一般的に15で示されたステント/スリーブ組み合わせ器具を提供する。コラーゲンスリーブ13は、接着剤として機能するコラーゲンゲルのような適する手段により、ステントの内表面に結合されている。このようなゲルは、従来技術で知られている。
1.SISシートは、空気乾燥された間に、約50%引き延ばされる。
2.好ましい接着を保証するため継ぎ目に沿って加湿しながら、乾燥SISシートは、膨張された標準血管形成バルーン上に被せられる。
3.管状ステントは次いで、SISを覆って配置される。
4.SISの第二シートは、前記ステントの外側を覆って被せられる。このシートは、取り扱いを容易にするために、湿潤されていてよい。前記ステントの内側に存在するSISは、この被着操作も即座に行われるように、少量の蒸留水で湿潤されていてよい。
5.オープン セル フォーム シーティング(Open cell foam sheeting) は次いで、コラーゲンの外側の第二層上に被せられ、次いで透析チューブが被せられる。この放射状の圧力は、コラーゲン層の間の連続的接触及び接着を保証する。
6.全構成物は次いで、前記コラーゲンを湿潤するために、短時間水に浸漬される。
7.全組み合わせ器具は次いで、約0.5〜3時間、約40〜70℃に加熱され、次いで室温に冷却される。この熱処理の目的は、コラーゲン層を一緒に結合させることである。化学架橋剤の使用が、所望により伴われてもよい。
8.得られた器具は、透析チュービング後にバルーンから開放され、次いでフォームが除去される。何らかの過剰のコラーゲン材料は、次いで被覆されたステントの端部から切除される。
噴霧又は浸漬被覆又は電気泳動技術又は同種のものにより、コラーゲン材料が被覆されてよい。電気泳動技術は好ましい被覆技術であり、そして例えば、約3ボルトの電位で、
カソードとして金属ステントを用いて、酢酸,アセトン,水及びコラーゲンからなる溶液中で行われてよい。この方法は、最新の電気めっきと幾つかの類似点を有しており、この場合、正に帯電された金属イオンは、負に帯電されたカソードで、それらの相当する金属を減じられる。コラーゲンの場合、生物分子は酸性溶液に溶解され又は懸濁される。酸はプロテイン及びコラーゲンに正電荷を与え、そして、それを電場に運ぶ。電源の負電極に金属を取り付け、次いで正電極及び負電極の両方を酸性コラーゲン溶液に浸漬することにより、コラーゲン層が負に帯電された表面上に形成されるであろう。この結果得られたものは、図19及び図20に示される型の被覆ステントであり、これは好ましくは、ステントの開口部と一緒に被膜に開口部を含むであろう。
A.シグマIV型ヒトコラーゲン(50mg)の溶液を、ポリエチレン管内に置いた。この混合物を、約3分間、高剪断混合することにより、粘稠溶液に均質化した。この溶液を水で希釈し、次いでコットンプラグを通して濾過した。気泡を除くために、この溶液を1時間放置した。
B.円筒状容器をポリプロピレンから形成し、次いで上記で製造された溶液A,1mLを入れた。この溶液に、3ボルトに設定された可変電圧供給源の鉛負電極に接続されたニチノール基材を加えた。0.010インチ直径のワイヤーを用いて正電極を備え付け、これを前記基材から約4mm離して置いた。電力供給を開始すると、各電極の表面上にガス発生が即座に認められた。この状態を数分間保持し、次いでコラーゲン容器から電極を除いた。ゲル状塊さえも前記基材上に認められ、これは幾つかの気泡を含んでいた。1ないし2分間放置すると気泡は消失し、次いで電極を再度、前記浴内に置いた。更に3分間処理後、基材を浴から抜き出し、そして乾燥させた。被膜は、目視観察により、連続的であることが判った。
他の被覆技術は、アメリカ合衆国特許第5275826号明細書(これは、参照として本文中に記載されている)に示されている。
上記本文中に記載された如く、ステント10は、何れかの種類からなり、代表的には、例えばステンレススチール,ニチノール,超弾性合金及び他の金属のような金属又は適するポリマー又は何れかの他の適する材料からなり、そして固定直径又は可変直径であってよく、可変直径が一層好ましく、そして従来技術において良く知られている。前記出願の内容は、参照として本文中に記載されている。
上記本文中に記載された如く、コラーゲンライナー12はコラーゲン自身からなっていてもよく、又は、コラーゲンライナー12はステントに直接適用されてもよく、又は、ステントへの適用のために図10に示される如く、コラーゲンライナー12はコラーゲンライナー12cとして支持体12d上に担持されてもよい。
ューブに形成され得る。ライナーの支持層12dを形成するために合成材料を使用し得るが、しかし、血管グラフト材料例えばPTFE、編まれたダクロン、ポリウレタン及び同種のものを使用してもよい。分解吸収性ポリマー(PLLA、PGA、PDLLA、PHB及びポリ無水物)は、ライナー12の支持層12dに対する別の選択である。これらの材料は、押出、溶媒注入、射出成形等又は繊維への紡糸及び管状構造への紡織によりチューブに形成され得る。上述のポリマーのうちの一つからなるチューブは、不織繊維技術により構成されてもよい。
他のコラーゲン材料と一緒に用いる場合には、SISはここで、図10に示される層12dのような支持層を伴って又は伴わずに、使用されてよい。図10に示されるように、支持層12dをI型コラーゲンからなる層12cと組み合わせて使用してもよい。SISは、それ自身多層構造であるので、支持層無しで好適に機能する。
前記図11配置の変形は、図12及び図13に示されている。図12において、ステント10は、図11に示される如く層12cと層12dとから形成された内側又は管内ライナー、並びに、主にステントの内管側への及び、移植された場合に前記ステントが止まる表面へのワンーウェイフローを行う同一の組み合わせの外側層を保持する。
図13において、ステント10は、不支持SIS材料と、図11及び図12に示される如く層12cと層12dとからなる内側ライナーとからなる外側層12を保持する。層12cは、先の図11及び図12に示される如く薬剤受容体として機能するI型材料である。層12dは、前記の如く、層12cからの薬剤及び同種のものに対して、ワンーウェイフロー−スルーとして機能するSISからなる。
天然成分から作られたコラーゲンライナーの使用による主な結果は、内皮の細胞成長が、本質的に損傷されず且つ均一な天然表面上で起こるであろうということである。この点で、前記ライナーは生物学的保護を与える。
前記ライナーは、外側スリーブ配置への言及として上記されたような多くの同一の方法で、前記ステントに強固に取り付けられていてよい。
前記ライナーは、広汎な方法で、前記ステントに取り付けられていてよい。好ましい形態での取り付けの基本的な終点は、支持ステントフレーム構造が、実質的に(完全でなくても)、前記ライナーにより、血流から離されるステント器具を提供することである。この事は、ライナー12をステント10の内側寸法内に配置し、次いで、図14にカフ16で示される如く、前記ステントの端部にわたって前記ライナーをきっちり折り曲げて止めることにより達成され得る。これは、特に好ましい配置である。カフ16は、外側スリーブの下又は上の何れかにあってよい。カフ16は、一方のカフを他方のカフに縫合して、前記ステントに縫合されていてもよいし、又は他に、前記ステントに若しくは前記ライナー自身に結合されていてもよい。コラーゲン材料は、局部的な加熱又は加圧の適用により、又は、にかわ様に作用するコラーゲン材料の濃厚溶液の適用により、溶着されてよい。
前記ライナーは、幾つかの方法で前記ステントに配置され得る。前記ステントは多孔性に又は穿孔されて形成され得、それ故、コラーゲンスリーブのためのマンドレルを形成するように前記ライナー材料を機能させることができる。コラーゲンはステント上に沈澱されてもよい。この方法は、コラーゲン溶液中でステントが加熱されることを必要とするであろう。コラーゲンはステントの表面上にマトリックスを形成し、次いで、好ましくアニーリングされた場合には、コラーゲンは、細胞の付着及び成長のために役立つ、腓側の良く組織化された構造を呈する。
図15には、コラーゲン12が図8に関して記載された方法と同様の方法でステント10の内側に注型されるという技術が示されている。セットアップにおいて、注型コラーゲンのライナーを有するステントは成形型から除去され、次いでコラーゲンを通る長手方向の開口部を与えるために、コラーゲンを通って孔が形成される。他に、マンドレル又は埋め込みインサート(図示せず)が本目的のために使用されてもよい。ステントが穿孔されるか又は同種の処置をされる場合には、孔も、ステント壁を通ってコラーゲンに形成されてよい。
前記ライナーは、ステントに取り込み得る何れかの幾つかのデザイン特徴を持たせて、前記ステントに取り付けられ得る。前記ステントにフック、又は他の同様な全体的特徴(図示せず)を与えることにより、前記スリーブは前記ステントに容易に取り付けることができる。前記スリーブ材料は、それ故、スリーブを固定するこのような安定材で止められ
得る。適当な大きさのフックを用いても、前記コラーゲン材料は穿孔されず、むしろ全体的特徴を保持して埋封され得る。
層として本文中に記載されたコラーゲン材料は、ステントに接続された又はステント上に付着された(例えば、被膜として)シート形状であってよいということが理解されるべきである。
それ故、コラーゲン材料は、所望であれば、噴霧又は浸漬被覆又は電着又は同種のものにより、ステント表面上に被覆されてよく、或いは、上記の他の方法で、ステント表面上に取り付けられてよい。このような被膜は、約1〜50ミクロン厚であろう。被覆されたステントは図19に示されており、これは図示の如く穿孔されていることが好ましいであろう。
コラーゲン被覆ステントは、コラーゲン被膜の上に位置するか又はコラーゲン被膜の下に位置するコラーゲンスリーブを有してもよい。例えば、図1に示される如く、相互一致させて、ステントをコラーゲンスリーブ内に配置してもよい。ステントの内側は次いでコラーゲンで被覆されてよく、その結果、ステントと内側スリーブとは被覆され且つ一体に結合される。前記配置においては、スリーブはSISであり、且つ被膜はI型又はIV型であることが好ましいであろう。図1ないし図3に示されるような開口部材ステントの場合には、コラーゲンスリーブをステントを覆って又はステントの内部に配置して、又はその両方を行い、次いで、被膜に対してスリーブ及び/又はライナーを熱結合させることにより、コラーゲンでステントストラットを被覆することが可能である。この事は、IV型コラーゲン、とりわけSISを用いて、又はフィブリンを用いて行われることが好ましい。
最後に、コラーゲンがステント又は該ステントに挿入されたチューブの回りに巻き付けられているシートの形状で使用される場合に、ステント上にコラーゲンを配置するための好ましい配向が存在する。シートコラーゲンは延伸するが、しかし、シートコラーゲンの延伸性は主に単一方向性であるということが発見された。それ故、延伸の殆どは、シート内の一主方向で示される。これは、通常矢印の方向において、代表的には僅かに延伸するか又は全く延伸しないコラーゲンのシート110に対する図16中の平行矢印100により模式的に示される。
ステント120内に挿入のために、チューブに巻き上げるためにシート110aがステント120の回りに巻き付けられる場合、シート110aの延伸性はステント120の長手寸法に対して偏りを有するであろう(本例では、偏りは45°であり、これは好ましい偏りである)。偏りの他の程度も許容され得るが、しかし、45°が好ましい。
先の記載から、ステントに起こる直径及び長さの両方の寸法変化に応じて、このような一配置は、縫合における破壊を生じることなく及び材料の滴りを生じることなく、両方向に寸法が変化するコラーゲンスリーブ及びコラーゲンライナーを収納することが好ましいということが判る。
図19及び図20には、一般的に140で示される被覆ステントが示されており、コラーゲン被膜142は、図20に最も良く示されている。被膜142は、ステントの内表面及び外表面の両方に示されているけれども、被膜142は勿論、何れかの上にあってもよい。
上記の事柄から、本発明の方法により製造された移植ステントは、コラーゲン材料が、ステントと血管壁との間に配置され、その結果、血栓形成が減少され、コラーゲン内に適する薬剤が含まれる場合には、治療的に処理されることが判る。
上記の実施例及び開示は、説明することを意図するものであり、そして網羅的なものではない。これらの実施例及び記載は、当業者に多くの変形及び変法を示唆するであろう。全ての前記変形及び変法は、本発明の特許請求の範囲内に含まれることが意図されている。当業者は、本文中に記載された特定の態様に対する他の等価な態様を認識するであろうし、該等価な態様も、本発明の特許請求の範囲により示されることが意図されている。
12,12a,12c,13:スリーブ又はライナー又は層
12b,12d:支持体又は層
14,15:ステント/スリーブ組み合わせ器具
16:カフ
50:ステント構造
62:ステントセグメント
64:ヒンジ
66:動脈
80:成形型
83:コラーゲンゲル溶液
100:矢印
110,110a:シート
142:被膜
Claims (13)
- 金属表面を有するステントにコラーゲン被膜を適用する方法であって、
コラーゲンを含む水性電解質溶液中にステントを浸漬する段階であって、ステントの金属表面上への該溶液からのコラーゲンの電着を維持するために適する電圧がアノードとカソードの間に印加される段階、
前記金属表面に電着によりコラーゲンを被覆し、前記ステントが、アノード/カソードペアにおけるカソードとして機能する段階、及び
前記ステントの外側又は前記ステントの内側に管状の材料を配置し、その際、前記管状の材料が、コラーゲンにより前記ステントに結合される段階
からなる方法。 - 前記管状の材料がコラーゲンからなる請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記配置する段階の間に、前記管状の材料が前記ステントの外側に配置される請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記配置する段階の間に、前記管状の材料が前記ステントの内側に配置される請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記ステントが自己拡張ステントである請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ステントがバルーン拡張性ステントである請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記管状の材料が治療剤を含む請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記治療剤がヘパリンからなる請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記管状の材料が孔を有する請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記孔が直径10〜60ミクロンである請求項9記載の方法。
- 前記管状の材料がコラーゲン少なくとも二種からなる請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記管状の材料が二層の形態で存在する請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記管状の材料がI型の層及びIV型の層を含む請求項12記載の方法。
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1995
- 1995-04-26 EP EP01125379A patent/EP1217101B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-26 DE DE69534640T patent/DE69534640T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-26 AT AT01125379T patent/ATE310839T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-26 CA CA002484826A patent/CA2484826C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-26 JP JP52835495A patent/JP3766935B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-26 EP EP95917692A patent/EP0754017B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-26 DE DE69527141T patent/DE69527141T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-26 WO PCT/US1995/005147 patent/WO1995029647A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-26 US US08/429,308 patent/US5693085A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-26 AT AT95917692T patent/ATE219343T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-26 CA CA002188563A patent/CA2188563C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-29 US US08/960,276 patent/US6391052B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-11-01 JP JP2005318435A patent/JP3937238B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-10-05 US US11/543,575 patent/US20070135906A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1217101B8 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
EP1217101A2 (en) | 2002-06-26 |
CA2484826A1 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
ATE310839T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
JPH10503663A (ja) | 1998-04-07 |
US20070135906A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
US5693085A (en) | 1997-12-02 |
DE69534640T2 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
EP0754017B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
CA2188563C (en) | 2005-08-02 |
JP2006061718A (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
EP1217101A3 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
US20010034550A1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
ATE219343T1 (de) | 2002-07-15 |
EP0754017A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
JP3766935B2 (ja) | 2006-04-19 |
EP1217101B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
DE69534640D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
US6391052B2 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
DE69527141T2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
WO1995029647A3 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
WO1995029647A2 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
CA2484826C (en) | 2007-12-18 |
CA2188563A1 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
DE69527141D1 (de) | 2002-07-25 |
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