JP2020514962A - リチウム電極及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム電極及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020514962A JP2020514962A JP2019532713A JP2019532713A JP2020514962A JP 2020514962 A JP2020514962 A JP 2020514962A JP 2019532713 A JP2019532713 A JP 2019532713A JP 2019532713 A JP2019532713 A JP 2019532713A JP 2020514962 A JP2020514962 A JP 2020514962A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- group
- fluoro
- surface treatment
- alcohol
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GQJXVHYUQPXZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexane-1-thiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCS GQJXVHYUQPXZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GTPHVVCYEWPQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctane-1-thiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCS GTPHVVCYEWPQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WBGBQSRNXPVFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WBGBQSRNXPVFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- URJIJZCEKHSLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCS URJIJZCEKHSLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 6
- ULNDTGZJRKQCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC(CO)=CC=C1F ULNDTGZJRKQCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HZCZXRSVKNFILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HZCZXRSVKNFILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OWEPNYHVJVFJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1F OWEPNYHVJVFJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HTGQGAKXUDFXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(F)C(CO)=C1 HTGQGAKXUDFXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IFIOUOYJVOSTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1F IFIOUOYJVOSTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MKWJZTFMDWSRIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 MKWJZTFMDWSRIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RKTRHMNWVZRZJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(CS)C=C1 RKTRHMNWVZRZJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WEXCPHVQJFWNFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1CO WEXCPHVQJFWNFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CWOZQRGVHQIIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(F)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CWOZQRGVHQIIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PSDSORRYQPTKSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PSDSORRYQPTKSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IHVFAVFXCUPMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F IHVFAVFXCUPMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BICHBFCGCJNCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C(F)=C1 BICHBFCGCJNCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WIIBAHCYWOUFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 WIIBAHCYWOUFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QDHRSLFSDGCJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 QDHRSLFSDGCJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UPSCFKSYRYUXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=C1F UPSCFKSYRYUXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LTWAIZVPDMHGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 LTWAIZVPDMHGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGBDVJVPBJMVDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 DGBDVJVPBJMVDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AGVUJWYLCSOJDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(F)(F)F AGVUJWYLCSOJDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZDIZVOYIUYVPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-ethyl-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCC1CCN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC1O ZDIZVOYIUYVPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPLAKERHHWPZCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,6-difluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1CS WPLAKERHHWPZCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMVFMBMIMRXHDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-difluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(CS)C=C1F PMVFMBMIMRXHDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JXFKXTFQKJLIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-difluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(CS)=C1 JXFKXTFQKJLIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AKNFFYDXPZERQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC(F)=CC(CO)=C1 AKNFFYDXPZERQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IRZIMCQXZSILPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 IRZIMCQXZSILPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GEJGGOYNWFQKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 GEJGGOYNWFQKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FZEDGSMVRLKUOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CO)=CC=C1F FZEDGSMVRLKUOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYRLLAOLJVDVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CS RYRLLAOLJVDVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DPQNQLKPUVWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DPQNQLKPUVWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UVAMFBJPMUMURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(S)C(F)=C1F UVAMFBJPMUMURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IGOGJHYWSOZGAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=C(F)C(S)=C1F IGOGJHYWSOZGAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIIRSPLZNQRPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=CC=C1S CIIRSPLZNQRPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WJTZZPVVTSDNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1S WJTZZPVVTSDNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- NGZVNONVXYLYQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoropropan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC(F)(F)F NGZVNONVXYLYQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BGVRHDQMTMPAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-difluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C=C1F BGVRHDQMTMPAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KCAQWPZIMLLEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(S)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 KCAQWPZIMLLEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZDEUGINAVLMAET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 ZDEUGINAVLMAET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKIHXNKYYGUVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Fluorothiophenol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 OKIHXNKYYGUVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XVGQHRKNXSUPEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1S XVGQHRKNXSUPEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
- -1 or the like Chemical compound 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl monoether Natural products COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
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- JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC JRRDISHSXWGFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC YZWVMKLQNYGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCC KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOC CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXMIDRBAFOEOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyloxolane Chemical compound CC1CCC(C)O1 OXMIDRBAFOEOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical group [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000417 polynaphthalene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000464 thioxo group Chemical group S=* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/049—Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(a)リチウム金属層を準備する段階;
(b)リチウム金属と結合可能な作用基及び一つ以上のフッ素で置換された炭化水素基を含む表面処理化合物を含む表面処理溶液を製造する段階;及び
(c)前記(a)段階のリチウム金属層を前記(b)段階で製造した表面処理溶液と不活性雰囲気下で反応させた後、乾燥して表面処理層を形成する段階を含む、リチウム電極の製造方法を提供する。
Aは、フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数1ないし20のアルキル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数2ないし20のアルケニル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数2ないし20のアルキニル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数3ないし20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数6ないし40のアリール基であるか、存在せず、
Bは、単純結合;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数1ないし10のアルカンジイル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数2ないし10のアルケンジイル基;非置換された炭素数2ないし10のアルキンジイル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数3ないし20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数6ないし40のアリレン基;またはフッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数6ないし40のアリルアルキレン基であり、
前記A及びBの中で少なくとも一つ以上はフッ素で置換され、
Oは、酸素であり、
Xは、それぞれ独立にチオール基、アミン基またはヒドロキシ基の中で選択され、
mは、0または1であり、
nは、1ないし3の整数である。)。
[実施例1]
1重量%の1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを2−メチルテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、1重量%の表面処理溶液を製造した。製造された表面処理溶液を分子篩を利用して溶液内の水分量が10ppm以下となるように水分を除去した。
硫黄をアセトニトリルの中で導電材とバインダーとボールミルを用いてミキシングし、正極活物質スラリーを製造した。この時、導電材としてはカーボンブラックを、バインダーとしてはポリエチレンオキシド(分子量5,000,000g/mol)をそれぞれ用いたし、混合の割合は、重量比で硫黄:導電材:バインダーが60:20:20となるようにした。前記正極活物質スラリーをアルミニウム集電体に塗布した後、乾燥して正極を製造した。
正極を製造する時、バインダーでCMC/SBRを使用し、電解液を70ul注入したことを除いて、前記実施例2と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
正極を製造する時、硫黄:導電材:バインダーの混合の割合を重量比で80:10:10を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例3と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極を製造する時、1重量%の2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノールをテトラヒドロフランに溶解させた表面処理溶液を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極を製造する時、1重量%の1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−オクタンチオールを溶解させた表面処理溶液を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極を製造する時、1重量%の1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロノナンチオールを溶解させた表面処理溶液を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極を製造する時、1重量%の1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−ヘキサンチオールを溶解させた表面処理溶液を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極を製造する時、1重量%の1H,1H−パーフルオロオクチルアミンを溶解させた表面処理溶液を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極を製造する時、1重量%の4−フルオロペネチルアルコールを溶解させた表面処理溶液を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極で表面処理層が形成されていない厚さ40μmであるリチウム金属薄膜を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例1と同様に行ってLi/Li対称セルを製造した。
負極で表面処理層が形成されていない厚さ40μmであるリチウム金属薄膜を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例2と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
負極で表面処理層が形成されていない厚さ40μmであるリチウム金属薄膜を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例3と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
5重量%のポリフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(分子量110,000g/mol)をアセトンに溶解させた高分子溶液を用いて、打ち抜かれた厚さ40μmのリチウム金属薄膜の上にスピン−コーティングで厚さ1μmのポリフッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレンコーティング層が形成されたリチウム電極を製造した。
負極で表面処理層が形成されていない厚さ40μmのリチウム金属薄膜を使用したことを除いて、前記実施例4と同様に行ってコイン型のリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1で製造されたLi/Li対称セルの抵抗を電気化学インピーダンス分光法(EIS、Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy)を利用して一定時間の間隔で測定した。この時、得られた結果を図1に示す。
前記実施例2及び比較例2で製造された電池を0.1Cの電流密度で放電と充電を2.5回繰り返した後、0.2Cの電流密度で放電と充電をしながら放電容量及びクーロン効率を測定し、寿命特性を確認した。この時、得られた結果を図2に示す。
前記実施例3、比較例3及び比較例4で製造された電池に対し、充放電速度(C−rate)を周基的に繰り返し、サイクルを進行しながら非放電容量を測定して寿命特性を確認した。この時、得られた結果は図5に示す。
前記実施例4及び比較例5で製造された電池の放電容量を同一(650mAh/g)に制限してサイクルを進行しながら、放電容量及びクーロン効率を測定して寿命特性を確認した。この時、得られた結果を図6に示す。
前記実施例5及び比較例5で製造された電池に対し、実験例4と同様の方法でサイクルを進行しながら放電容量を測定して寿命特性を確認した。この時、得られた結果を図7に示す。
Claims (8)
- リチウム金属層;及び
前記リチウム金属層の上に形成された表面処理層を含み、
前記表面処理層は、リチウム金属と結合できる一つ以上の作用基、及び一つ以上のフッ素で置換された炭化水素基を含む表面処理化合物を含む、リチウム電極。 - 前記リチウム金属と結合できる作用基は、チオール基、アミン基またはヒドロキシ基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記表面処理化合物は、下記化学式1で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極:
Aは、フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数1ないし20のアルキル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数2ないし20のアルケニル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数2ないし20のアルキニル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数3ないし20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数6ないし40のアリール基であるか、存在せず、
Bは、単純結合;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数1ないし10のアルカンジイル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数2ないし10のアルケンジイル基;非置換された炭素数2ないし10のアルキンジイル基;フッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数3ないし20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数6ないし40のアリレン基;またはフッ素で置換または非置換された炭素数6ないし40のアリルアルキレン基であり、
前記A及びBの中で少なくとも一つ以上はフッ素で置換され、
Oは、酸素であり、
Xは、それぞれ独立にチオール基、アミン基またはヒドロキシ基の中で選択され、
mは、0または1であり、
nは、1ないし3の整数である。)。 - 前記表面処理化合物は、1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H−パーフルオロウンデシルチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロノナンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−オクタンチオール、1H,1H−パーフルオロオクチルチオール、1H,1H−パーフルオロプロピルチオール、2,2,2−トリフルオロエタンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−ヘキサンチオール、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロチオフェノール、2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロベンゼンチオール、2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、3,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、2−フルオロチオフェノール、3−フルオロチオフェノール、4−フルオロチオフェノール、2−(トリフルオロメトキシ)チオフェノール、3−(トリフルオロメトキシ)チオフェノール、2−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼンチオール、2,6−ジフルオロベンジルメルカプタン、3,4−ジフルオロベンジルメルカプタン、3,5−ジフルオロベンジルメルカプタン、4−フルオロベンジルメルカプタン、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼンチオール、4−トリフルオロメチルベンジルメルカプタン、1H,1H−パーフルオロオクチルアミン、1H,1H−ヘプタフルオロブチルアミン、1H,1H−パーフルオロノニルアミン、4−(1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデシル)ベンジルアミン、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロブチルアミン、2,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロピルアミン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルアミン、4−フルオロ−α−メチルベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−3−メチルベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−メチルベンジルアルコール、5−フルオロ−2−メチルベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−ニトロベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−5−ニトロベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−3−(トリフルオロメトキシ)ベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−3−ニトロベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−5−メトキシベンジルアルコール、3−フルオロ−5−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジルアルコール、3−フルオロ−5−メトキシベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−メトキシベンジルアルコール、5−フルオロ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジルアルコール、5−フルオロ−2−ニトロベンジルアルコール、DL−4−フルオロ−α−プロピルベンジルアルコール、3−フルオロベンジルアルコール及び4−フルオロペネチルアルコールからなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウム金属層は、リチウム金属またはリチウム合金を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- (a)リチウム金属層を準備する段階;
(b)リチウム金属と結合可能な作用基及び一つ以上のフッ素で置換された炭化水素基を含む表面処理化合物を含む表面処理溶液を製造する段階;及び
(c)前記(a)段階のリチウム金属層を前記(b)段階で製造した表面処理溶液と不活性雰囲気下で反応させた後、乾燥して表面処理層を形成する段階を含む、リチウム電極の製造方法。 - 前記表面処理化合物は、表面処理溶液は全体100重量%を基準として0.1ないし10重量%で含まれる、請求項6に記載のリチウム電極の製造方法。
- 正極、負極及び前記正極と負極の間に介在される電解質を含むリチウム二次電池において、
前記負極は、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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